WO2004009742A1 - Utilisation d'un bruleur a flamme bleue - Google Patents
Utilisation d'un bruleur a flamme bleue Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004009742A1 WO2004009742A1 PCT/EP2003/007860 EP0307860W WO2004009742A1 WO 2004009742 A1 WO2004009742 A1 WO 2004009742A1 EP 0307860 W EP0307860 W EP 0307860W WO 2004009742 A1 WO2004009742 A1 WO 2004009742A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fischer
- tropsch
- use according
- fuel
- derived fuel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the invention is directed to an improved use of a blue flame burner.
- the general pattern of the flame of such an oil burner assembly is one of heterogeneity in terms of fuel concentrations; the pockets of fuel lean mixture give rise to high nitric oxide concentrations from both the fuel nitrogen and the atmospheric nitrogen, while the pockets of fuel rich mixture give rise to soot.
- the visible flame from such a system is yellow.
- the yellow colour is the visible radiation from the high temperature soot particles and this completely masks other visible radiations as far as the human eye is concerned. These soot particles result from unburnt carbon.
- Blue flame burners are known to have low NO x emissions. Nevertheless there is a need for even lower NO x emissions. Especially the N0 X emissions when petroleum derived fuels such as gas oil or kerosene is used are sometimes too high.
- the object of the present invention is a use of a blue flame burner wherein the emissions of NO x is reduced as compared to the prior art situation.
- Applicants have found that the low N0 X emissions of a blue flame burner can be even further reduced when a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel is used. An even further advantage is that the carbon monoxide emission is reduced. A next advantage is that less odor during start and extinction of the blue flame burner has been observed when using this fuel. This is very advantageous, especially when such a burner is used in a domestic environment.
- the blue flame burner is characterized in that the combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel to carbon dioxide is performed such that part of the flue gas is recycled to the flame and more suitably to the nozzle of the burner. Recycling part of the flue gas externally of the burner may effect such recirculation of the flue gas.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a blue- flame burner with an external recirculation of flue gas.
- Figure 1 shows a blue flame burner 1 having means 2 to supply a liquid fuel and means 3 to supply an oxygen containing gas.
- the oxygen containing gas is usually air.
- Means 4 to mix the fuel and air to form a combustible mixture which is fed to pre-combustion space 5, which is formed by the interior of tubular part 6.
- Tubular part 6 is placed co-axial in a larger tubular part 7, which forms the final combustion space 8. Flue gas is discharged via outlet opening 9 into the outlet space 10.
- Openings 11 in tubular part 7 serve as means to recycle part of the flue gas to the final combustion space 8.
- Openings 12 in tubular part 6 serve as means to recycle part of the gas present in the final combustion space 8 to the pre-combustion space 5.
- the operating conditions of the blue flame burner may be the same as the operating conditions used for the state of the art fuels.
- the proportion of air in excess of that required for stoichiometric combustion is known as the excess air ratio or "lambda", which is defined as the ratio of total air available for combustion to that required to burn all of the fuel.
- the lambda is between 1 and 2 and more preferably between 1 and T. 6.
- the blue flame burner using the Fischer-Tropsch fuels is preferably applied for domestic heating, wherein the heat of combustion is used to heat water by indirect heat exchange in so-called boilers.
- the heated water may be used to warm up the- house or consumed in for example showers and the like.
- More preferably the blue-flame burner is used in (domestic) application wherein more • than 3 starts of the burner per hour takes place.
- the use of the present invention is especially suited for such applications because low hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions have been found at the start of the burner running on ' the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel.
- the blue flame burner using the Fischer-Tropsch fuels may advantageously be further used for direct heating of large spaces.
- Such applications are characterized in that the flue gasses are directly supplied to said space to heat up said space. Spaces such a tents and halls are often heated up with such an apparatus.
- gaseous fuels for example natural gas, LPG and the like, are used for this application because the associated ' flue gasses can be safely supplied to said space.
- a disadvantage of the use of gaseous fuels is however that handling of the • pressurized gas containers and combustion equipment requires professional skills in order to operate such an apparatus safely.
- a Fischer-Tropsch derived liquid fuel a comparable flue gas is obtained in the blue flame burner as when a gaseous fuel is used.
- a method wherein a liquid fuel can be applied for direct heating of spaces.
- the application of the liquid Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel makes the use of the apparatus for direct heating much more simple and safe.
- Blue flame burners are often provided with a flame detector. Examples of suitable, detectors are the UV sensors and IR sensors. A more preferred detector is the so-called ionisation sensor.
- An ionisation sensor is suitable to monitor burners with intermittent operation as well as continuous operation. The principle of operation of the ionisation flame monitor is based on the rectifying effect of a flame. If a flame is present,- a current flows between the burner an the ionisation - electrode. This .ionisation current is evaluated by the flame monitor to determine if a flame is present.
- ionisation sensors could not be used in combination with a liquid fuel because deposits in the sensor led to false currents in the sensor. Because use of the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel results in less deposits ionisation sensors can be applied. This is an advantage because these sensors are more readily available than the IR or UV sensors.
- the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel will comprise .a Fischer-Tropsch product, which may be any fraction of the middle distillate fuel range, which can be isolated from the (hydrocracked) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product.
- Typical fractions will boil in the naphtha, kerosene or gas oil range.
- a Fischer-Tropsch product in the kerosene or gas oil range is . used because these fractions are easier to handle in for example domestic environments.
- Such products will suitably comprise a fraction larger than 90 wt% which boils between 160 and 400 °C, preferably to about 370 °C.
- Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene and gas oils are described in EP-A-583836, WO-A-9714768, WO-A-9714769, WO-A-011116, WO-A-011117, WO-A-0183406, WO-A-0183648, WO-A-0183647, WO-A-0183641, WO-A-0020535, WO-A-0020534 , EP-A-1101813, US-A-5766274, US-A-5378348, US-A-5888376 and US-A-6204426.
- the Fischer-Tropsch product will suitably contain more than 80 wt% and preferably more than 90 wt% iso and normal paraffins and less than 1 wt% aromatics, the balance being naphthenics compounds.
- the content of sulphur and nitrogen will be very low and normally below the detection limits for such compounds. This low content of these elements is due to the specific process wherein - the -Fischer-Tropsch reaction is performed.
- the content of sulphur will therefore be below 5 ppm and the content of nitrogen will be below 1 ppm..
- the density of the Fischer-Tropsch product will be lower than the conventional mineral derived fuels.
- the density will be between 0.65 and 0.8 g/cm.3 at 15 . °C.
- the fuel used in the process of the present invention may also comprise fuel fractions other than the Fischer-Tropsch derived product.
- Such fractions may be the kerosene or gas oil fractions as obtained in traditional refinery processes, which upgrade crude petroleum feedstock to useful products.
- Preferred non-Fischer-Tropsch fuel components are the ultra low sulphur (e.g. less than 50 ppm sulphur) kerosene or diesel fractions, which are currently on the market.
- non-mineral oil based fuels such as bio-fuels, may also be present in the fuel composition.
- the content of the Fischer-Tropsch derived product in the fuel will be preferably be above 40 wt%, more preferably above 60 wt% and most preferably above 80 wt%. It should be understood that the content of such, currently less available, Fischer-Tropsch product will be optimised, wherein pricing of the total fuel will, be balanced with the advantages of the present invention. For some applications fuels fully based on a Fischer-Tropsch product plus optionally some additives may be advantageously used.
- the fuel may also comprise one or more of the following additives.
- Detergents for example OMA 350 as obtained from Octel OY; stabilizers, for example Keropon ES 3500 as obtained from BASF Aktiengesellchaft, FOA 528A as obtained from OCTEL OY; metal-deactivators, for example IRGAMET 30 (as obtained from Speciality Chemicals Inc; (ashless) dispersants, for example as included in the FOA 528 A package as obtained from Octel OY; anti- oxidants; IRGANOX L57 as obtained from Speciality Chemicals Inc; cold flow improvers, for example Keroflux 3283 as obtained from BASF Aktiengesellschaft, R433 or R474 as obtained from Infineum UK Ltd; combustion improver, for example ferrocene, methylcyclopentadienyl- manganese-tricarbonyl (MMT) ; anti-corrosion: Additin RC 4801 as obtained from Rhein Chemie GmbH, Kerocorr 3232 as obtained from BASF, S
- the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel is colourless and odourless.
- an odour marker as for example applied in natural gas for domestic consumption, may be present in the Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel.
- a colour marker may be present to distinguish the fuel ' from other non-Fischer-Tropsch derived fuels.
- the total • content of the additives may be suitably between 0 and 1 wt% and preferably below 0.5 wt%.
- Fischer-Tropsch derived fuels as compared to when a normal gas oil or an ultra low sulphur gas oil is used.
- the carbon monoxide emission was also measured.
- Figure 3 the CO emission relative to the energy is presented for different values of lambda for oils A-D.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
- Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/521,882 US20050255416A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2003-07-18 | Use of a blue flame burner |
JP2004522510A JP2005533234A (ja) | 2002-07-19 | 2003-07-18 | 青炎式バーナーの使用 |
EP03765049A EP1523537A1 (fr) | 2002-07-19 | 2003-07-18 | Utilisation d'un bruleur a flamme bleue |
CA002493884A CA2493884A1 (fr) | 2002-07-19 | 2003-07-18 | Utilisation d'un bruleur a flamme bleue |
AU2003250108A AU2003250108A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2003-07-18 | Use of a blue flame burner |
NO20050874A NO20050874L (no) | 2002-07-19 | 2005-02-18 | Bruk av en blaflamme brenner |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02016092 | 2002-07-19 | ||
EP02016092.5 | 2002-07-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004009742A1 true WO2004009742A1 (fr) | 2004-01-29 |
Family
ID=30470234
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/007860 WO2004009742A1 (fr) | 2002-07-19 | 2003-07-18 | Utilisation d'un bruleur a flamme bleue |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050255416A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1523537A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2005533234A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003250108A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2493884A1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20050874L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004009742A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1486555A1 (fr) * | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-15 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Utilisation de compositions combustibles peu corrosives dans des chaudières |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2521018A1 (fr) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-12 | Proto-Technics, Inc. | Bruleur a turbulence a nappes de tourbillons |
BRPI0618390A2 (pt) | 2005-11-14 | 2013-01-08 | Colgate Palmolive Co | mÉtodo de formaÇço de um implemento para cuidado oral de emissço de luz, implemento para cuidado oral de emissço de luz, e, mÉtodos de uso e de formaÇço de um implemento para cuidado oral |
US9121609B2 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2015-09-01 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for introducing diluent flow into a combustor |
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-
2003
- 2003-07-18 WO PCT/EP2003/007860 patent/WO2004009742A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2003-07-18 EP EP03765049A patent/EP1523537A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-18 AU AU2003250108A patent/AU2003250108A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-18 CA CA002493884A patent/CA2493884A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-18 JP JP2004522510A patent/JP2005533234A/ja active Pending
- 2003-07-18 US US10/521,882 patent/US20050255416A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-02-18 NO NO20050874A patent/NO20050874L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
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US3545902A (en) * | 1968-09-23 | 1970-12-08 | Frank W Bailey | Blue-flame gun burner process and apparatus for liquid hydrocarbon fuel |
US5147413A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-09-15 | The Standard Oil Company | Methanol fuel containing flame luminosity agent |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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DATABASE WPI Section PQ Week 199236, Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q73, AN 1992-292958, XP002227210 * |
DRY M E: "Fischer-Tropsch reactions and the environment", APPLIED CATALYSIS A: GENERAL, ELSEVIER SCIENCE, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 189, no. 2, 6 December 1999 (1999-12-06), pages 185 - 190, XP004272055, ISSN: 0926-860X * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1486555A1 (fr) * | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-15 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Utilisation de compositions combustibles peu corrosives dans des chaudières |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003250108A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
EP1523537A1 (fr) | 2005-04-20 |
JP2005533234A (ja) | 2005-11-04 |
US20050255416A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
CA2493884A1 (fr) | 2004-01-29 |
NO20050874L (no) | 2005-04-18 |
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