WO2004005736A1 - Embrayage dans une boite de vitesses - Google Patents

Embrayage dans une boite de vitesses Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004005736A1
WO2004005736A1 PCT/EP2003/006870 EP0306870W WO2004005736A1 WO 2004005736 A1 WO2004005736 A1 WO 2004005736A1 EP 0306870 W EP0306870 W EP 0306870W WO 2004005736 A1 WO2004005736 A1 WO 2004005736A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tooth profile
clutch
tooth
sleeve
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/006870
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Folk
Original Assignee
Ina-Schaeffler Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ina-Schaeffler Kg filed Critical Ina-Schaeffler Kg
Priority to AU2003281284A priority Critical patent/AU2003281284A1/en
Priority to BR0305255-9A priority patent/BR0305255A/pt
Priority to EP03740373A priority patent/EP1520113A1/fr
Publication of WO2004005736A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004005736A1/fr
Priority to US11/029,791 priority patent/US20050183919A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • F16D23/06—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch and a blocking mechanism preventing the engagement of the main clutch prior to synchronisation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clutch in a manual transmission for shifting at least one gear wheel with at least one clutch element rotatable about an axis of rotation of the clutch, the clutch element using at least one first tooth profile made of a metallic material, at least temporarily, for transmitting torques about the axis of rotation with at least one second tooth profile made of a metallic material is at least partially toothed in the clutch and wherein one of the two tooth profiles toothed with one another is temporarily movable in the other of the two tooth profiles toothed with one another along the axis of rotation, as a result of which friction occurs between the toothed tooth profiles.
  • Shift clutches of this type are the known shift sleeve or claw clutches, with which a gear wheel, but preferably two gear wheels, are selectively switchable in manual transmissions when changing gear. With the clutches, a releasable positive connection is generally established between a gear shaft and the selected gear. By means of the connection, the power flow in the transmission results transmitting torques from the transmission shaft to the gear wheel, or vice versa.
  • DE 198 32 729 A1 describes one of the conventional clutches of the generic type.
  • the individual coupling elements such as the gearshift sleeve, the sleeve carrier and the coupling toothing on the gearwheel, engage in one another in a form-fitting manner by means of toothing for transmitting the torques.
  • the shift sleeve is either located directly on the gear shaft or, as in the clutch according to DE 198 32 729 A1, on the sleeve carrier and is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on the gear shaft or the sleeve carrier along the rotational axis of the clutch.
  • the gearshift sleeve engages with a tooth profile in a corresponding counter tooth profile on the gear shaft or on the sleeve carrier.
  • the flanks of the teeth of the tooth profiles are aligned along the axis of rotation.
  • the shift sleeve moves when shifting a gear, constantly guided in the counter-toothing on the sleeve carrier, along the axis of rotation until the or another tooth profile on the shift sleeve is toothed with the tooth profile of the clutch teeth.
  • the shifting forces resulting from the friction are relatively high, especially in the first hours of operation of new vehicles, since the coupling elements which are in engagement with one another or have to be brought into engagement with one another first have to work in on one another.
  • the circuit is often crocheted initially or is difficult to move. The shifting comfort is impaired.
  • Toothings, tooth profiles and teeth are to be understood as all elements such as splines, wedges, claws and serrations that are are suitable for permanent or detachable positive connections for the transmission of torques.
  • Such tooth profiles and their teeth are usually made of iron or steel, for example made of case hardening steel, and at least hardened on their surface.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a clutch with which the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided. This applies in particular to the first hours of operation of new vehicles, in which the mechanical components which are in engagement with one another are still difficult to move against one another and which therefore have to run into each other first.
  • At least one of the tooth profiles of the coupling elements in the clutch is provided with a sliding layer on the surface of the metallic material to reduce friction.
  • Layers of this type are formed permanently or in the running-in phase on at least one of the tooth profiles which are in engagement or which are to be brought into engagement with one another. Layers of this type also facilitate the running-in of the coupling elements, which are initially difficult to move relative to one another.
  • Both of the tooth profiles rubbing against one another are preferably provided with a sliding layer (s) which are identical in composition or differ in their composition.
  • the sliding layer is a metal phosphate layer.
  • Metal-phosphate layers are layers which are applied to the base material by the processes of phosphating at least on the toothing of the coupling elements, preferably on the entire coupling element. Phosphating is a chemical / electrochemical process in which thin, fine-crystalline or fine-crystalline or coarsely crystalline and water-insoluble phosphates are generated.
  • the metal-phosphate layers are firmly anchored in the metal surface of the base metal as they result from a chemical reaction with the base metal (iron or steel of the teeth) and have numerous cavities and capillaries. This property gives the phosphate layers an optimal absorption capacity for oils and solid lubricant particles. They have proven themselves as a sliding layer and connection or carrier layer.
  • Iron-phosphate layer Zinc-phosphate layer (Znph) - Zinc-calcium-phosphate layer (ZnCaph)
  • Manganese phosphate layer (Mnph) zinc iron phosphate layers (ZnFeph) or manganese iron phosphate (MnFeph)
  • Manganese phosphate layers are preferably used.
  • the actual process of phosphating can be followed by oiling with an emulsion. Such oiling is sufficient for a short-term protection against corrosion during transport and storage of the coupling elements, which creates an additional advantage.
  • Metal-phosphate layers as carrier or connecting layers; Metal-phosphate layers are also suitable for the application of solid lubricants to tribologically stressed surfaces.
  • the solid lubricants are e.g. B. used in sliding layers. These sliding layers can be modified for the respective application and lubricate without a hydrodynamic film, protect against corrosion and are resilient.
  • the mixture of solid lubricants with their binders is applied to the metal-phosphate layer as the carrier material.
  • the carrier material has a layer thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m.
  • the layer thickness of the carrier material together with the sliding layer is preferably in a range from 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the solid lubricants to be introduced are usually MoS 2 , graphite and PTFE or their mixtures. Carbides are also used in applications with extremely high loads.
  • Polytetrafluoroethylene is one of the low-friction substances with high chemical stability, the layers of which have uniform friction characteristics with a very low friction level.
  • Advantage of PTFE PTFE
  • Coatings or of layers with PTFE components also consist in that PTFE particles dissolved on the composite settle in the pores of the counter-friction surface, which is not, for example, coated, and likewise form a lubricating film there.
  • PTFE coatings have layer thicknesses of 15 to 100 ⁇ m and can also be applied as sliding layers on the carrier material of a metal phosphate layer.
  • Graphite is either added to lubricating oils and settles in the pores of the metal or the phosphate sliding layer according to the invention or is in carbon-containing sliding layers, for example by adding carbon fibers interspersed with graphite with a layer thickness of for example 1 to 4 microns on the base metal of the teeth or on the metal-phosphate carrier layer. It has a positive influence on the friction behavior and improves the running-in behavior mentioned at the beginning.
  • the carbon-based hard layer is applied to the base material of the tooth profile.
  • the carbon-based hard layer is applied to the base material of the tooth profile.
  • Layers have carbon as the main component, such as, for example, amorphous carbon (aC), hydrogen-containing carbon (aC: H) i-carbon (iC) or diamond-like carbon (DLC) and are generally produced by plasma-enhanced chemical precipitation.
  • aC amorphous carbon
  • iC hydrogen-containing carbon
  • DLC diamond-like carbon
  • Multi-layer systems with carbon-containing sliding layers The use of multi-layer systems with carbon-containing sliding layers on a layer group with at least one suitable carbon-containing sliding layer and a carrier layer on an adhesive layer connected to the metallic base material.
  • the carrier layer is the metal-phosphate layer mentioned at the beginning or specially adapted layers made of other materials can be used.
  • Molybdenum disulphide can be added to the lubricating oil as a low-friction additive and settles in the pores of the overlay or is used as a separate overlay, e.g. B. by means of lubricating varnish or as a thermosetting layer on the metal-phosphate layer formed as a carrier material or directly on the surface of the base metal of the tooth profile.
  • the MoS 2 is a component of sliding varnishes, for example. Chrome plating;
  • Chrome coatings are neutral with regard to their structure and their adhesive friction behavior up to high temperature ranges. It is advantageous to provide both friction partners with such a layer. In this way, the coefficient of friction between the
  • Chromium friction layers (preferably 99% chromium content) reduced by a considerable amount.
  • the layer thicknesses are in a range from 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the chromium layers form molecular bonds with the base metal, which can hardly be destroyed even under heavy loads. They therefore offer very good wear protection.
  • Electroplated silver layers have good lubrication properties. Silver layers are a good alternative to the aforementioned lubricating layers with solids, especially at high operating temperatures in the manual transmission.
  • Nickel coatings together with hard or solid materials such as silicon carbide, PTFE or diamonds.
  • the aforementioned layers are applied in a wide variety of processes.
  • An example is his: The so-called drying process, galvanic-electrolytic or chemical-autocatalytic or in chemical electroless plating, with cathode sputtering, thermally, by spraying, by spraying with a laser beam, molten bath spraying, powder flame or wire flame spraying, electric arc or Plasma spraying, by vapor deposition (e.g. in a vacuum), in the immersion process, painting process (e.g. wet painting process).
  • the tooth profile of the shift sleeve has the sliding coating according to the invention.
  • the shift sleeve is preferably in turn seated on a shift sleeve carrier or directly on a gear shaft and then engages with the coated tooth profile either in a tooth profile on the sleeve carrier or in the gear shaft.
  • Another of the coupling elements is the sleeve carrier, whose tooth profile for the gearshift sleeve is also provided with a sliding coating.
  • Both the gearshift sleeve and the sleeve carrier are preferably provided on their intermeshing tooth profiles with sliding layers of the same or different chemical composition.
  • a sliding coating is also provided on the tooth profile of the clutch teeth.
  • Shift sleeves are also taken into account which have more than one of the tooth profiles described, for example a tooth profile for engagement in the shift sleeve carrier and a further tooth profile for engagement in the coupling toothing. Both of the tooth profiles of the formwork sleeve are preferably provided with a sliding coating.
  • FIG. 1 shows a clutch, in which the individual tooth profiles of the respective clutch elements are provided with a sliding coating according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 show examples of designs of the individual clutch elements of the clutch according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a clutch 1 in a gearbox, not shown, with which a gear shaft 2 can be coupled to a gearwheel 3 or 4, optionally in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the clutch 1 consists of the coupling elements 15 in the form of a sleeve carrier 5, a shift sleeve 6 and in the form of clutch discs 7 and 8.
  • the sleeve carrier 5 has a toothing 5a directed radially inwards to the axis of rotation 2a of the transmission shaft 2 or clutch 1.
  • the sleeve carrier 5 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the gear shaft via the toothing 5a.
  • the clutch discs 7 and 8 are each firmly connected to one of the gear wheels 3 or 4.
  • the shift sleeve 6 sits on the sleeve carrier 5 and engages with a tooth profile 6a in a corresponding tooth profile 5b on the sleeve carrier.
  • the interlocking teeth 5c and 6b of the tooth profiles 5b and 6a (FIGS. 2, 3) are aligned with their tooth flanks along the axis of rotation 2a.
  • the selector sleeve 6 is optionally movable along the axis of rotation 2a in the direction of one of the gearwheels 3 or 4 and finally engages in one of the tooth profiles 7b or 8b of the clutch teeth 7a or 8a on the clutch discs 7 or 8.
  • a synchronizing device is integrated, which is formed from synchronizer rings 9, 10, 11 and 12, 13, 14, respectively, which join the sleeve carrier 5 along the axis of rotation 2a.
  • the outer synchronizer ring 11 or 14 has a tooth profile 11a or 14a, the locking teeth 11b or 14b of which release the movement of the shift sleeve 6 directed along the axis of rotation 2a after the synchronization process.
  • the tooth profile 6a of the shift sleeve passes through the tooth profile 11a or 14a of the outer synchronizer ring 11 or 14.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the sleeve carrier 5 in an overall view with the individual teeth 5c of the tooth profile 5b.
  • the entire surface of the sleeve carrier 5, including the tooth profile 5b according to the invention, is provided with a sliding coating.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the shift sleeve 6 in an overall view with the individual teeth 6b of the tooth profile 6a.
  • the entire shift sleeve including the tooth profile 6a according to the invention is provided with a sliding layer.
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the clutch discs 7 and 8 of the clutch teeth 7a and 8a with the tooth profile 7b and 8b.
  • the clutch disc 7, 8 is provided with a sliding coating.
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of an outer synchronizer ring 11 and 14 with the individual teeth 11 b and 14b of the tooth profiles 11 a and 14a.
  • the tooth profile 11a, 14a is provided with a sliding layer according to the invention.
  • Sleeve carrier a toothing b tooth profile c tooth

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

Embrayage (1) dans une boîte de vitesses, permettant d'embrayer au moins une roue de vitesse (3, 4), qui possède au moins un élément (15) d'embrayage dont le profil denté (5b, 6a, 7a, 8a, 11a, 14a) est pourvu d'une couche de glissement.
PCT/EP2003/006870 2002-07-05 2003-06-28 Embrayage dans une boite de vitesses WO2004005736A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003281284A AU2003281284A1 (en) 2002-07-05 2003-06-28 Syncroniser in a manual gearbox
BR0305255-9A BR0305255A (pt) 2002-07-05 2003-06-28 Embreagem de engate em uma engrenagem de mudança
EP03740373A EP1520113A1 (fr) 2002-07-05 2003-06-28 Embrayage dans une boite de vitesses
US11/029,791 US20050183919A1 (en) 2002-07-05 2005-01-04 Gearshift clutch

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002130189 DE10230189B4 (de) 2002-07-05 2002-07-05 Schaltkupplung in einem Schaltgetriebe
DE10230189.1 2002-07-05

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/029,791 Continuation US20050183919A1 (en) 2002-07-05 2005-01-04 Gearshift clutch

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004005736A1 true WO2004005736A1 (fr) 2004-01-15

Family

ID=29761644

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2003/006870 WO2004005736A1 (fr) 2002-07-05 2003-06-28 Embrayage dans une boite de vitesses

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1520113A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003281284A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0305255A (fr)
DE (1) DE10230189B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004005736A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102619960A (zh) * 2011-01-25 2012-08-01 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 变速器同步器组件

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT502630B1 (de) * 2005-10-21 2008-01-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Bauelement, insbesondere formteil, mit einer beschichtung
DE102013220251A1 (de) 2013-10-08 2015-04-09 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltkupplung in einem Schaltgetriebe
DE102018132517A1 (de) 2018-12-17 2020-06-18 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Schiebemuffe

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3532672A1 (de) * 1984-09-20 1986-03-27 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen Ring mit schicht aus reibwerkstoff auf kegelflaeche
US5370725A (en) * 1992-11-30 1994-12-06 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Synchronizer ring
EP1217239A1 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 Valeo Procédé de fabrication d'une bague de synchronisation de boíte de vitesses, notamment pour véhicule automobile et bague de synchronisation obtenue par un tel procédé

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3605558C5 (de) * 1985-04-12 2004-10-14 Volkswagen Ag Kupplungsscheiben für eine Flüssigkeitsreibungskupplung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
FR2688517B1 (fr) * 1992-03-10 1994-06-03 Stephanois Rech Procede de phosphatation de pieces en acier, pour ameliorer leurs resistances a la corrosion et a l'usure.
DE19832729B4 (de) * 1998-07-21 2007-09-06 Schaeffler Kg Synchronkörper mit integriertem Druckstück oder Rastelement
DE19916037C1 (de) * 1999-04-09 2000-09-14 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von leistungsführenden Getriebeteilen
DE10021088A1 (de) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Johann Hay Gmbh & Co Kg Automo Schiebemuffe für ein Schaltgetriebe und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3532672A1 (de) * 1984-09-20 1986-03-27 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen Ring mit schicht aus reibwerkstoff auf kegelflaeche
US5370725A (en) * 1992-11-30 1994-12-06 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Synchronizer ring
EP1217239A1 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 Valeo Procédé de fabrication d'une bague de synchronisation de boíte de vitesses, notamment pour véhicule automobile et bague de synchronisation obtenue par un tel procédé

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DR. BARNES, MARK: "Lubrication Tips for Reliability Professionals", LUBE-TIPS, 3 April 2002 (2002-04-03), XP002257529, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.lube-tips.com/BackIssues/2002-04-03.htm> [retrieved on 20031013] *
MOL-LUB: "Lubricant Encyclopaedia-Gear Lubricants", MOL-LUB, 2002, XP002257530, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://kenoanyag.mol.hu/english/products/lubricant_encyclopedia/rovat_cikkei/doc123807> [retrieved on 20031013] *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102619960A (zh) * 2011-01-25 2012-08-01 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 变速器同步器组件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003281284A1 (en) 2004-01-23
EP1520113A1 (fr) 2005-04-06
BR0305255A (pt) 2004-10-05
DE10230189B4 (de) 2014-10-09
DE10230189A1 (de) 2004-01-22

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