WO2004002532A1 - Mkk7活性化阻害剤 - Google Patents
Mkk7活性化阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004002532A1 WO2004002532A1 PCT/JP2003/008179 JP0308179W WO2004002532A1 WO 2004002532 A1 WO2004002532 A1 WO 2004002532A1 JP 0308179 W JP0308179 W JP 0308179W WO 2004002532 A1 WO2004002532 A1 WO 2004002532A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- kinase
- mkk7
- jik
- pak4
- phosphorylation
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- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
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Definitions
- the present invention is characterized by inhibiting the activation of MAP kinase kinase 7 (MKK 7), which inhibits c-J un phosphorylation by c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3), and c_J un phosphorylation by JNK3 And improvement of neurodegenerative diseases.
- MKK 7 MAP kinase kinase 7
- JNK3 c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3
- JNK3 c_J un phosphorylation by JNK3
- PAK4 p21-activated kinase 4
- JIK JNK / S APK—inhibitory kinase
- a preventive agent and a Z or inhibitor for a disease based on c-Jun phosphorylation by JNK3 having a powerful characteristic and a method for preventing and / or inhibiting the disease, and a preventive agent and / or a method for preventing neurodegeneration
- the present invention relates to an inhibitor and a method of prevention and Z or an inhibition method. Further, a method for identifying a compound that inhibits the binding of PAK4 to MKK7, phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4, the binding of JIK to MKK7 or the phosphorylation of MKK7 by JIK, and the compound obtained by the identification method About. Background art
- JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- MAPK MAP kinase
- JNK3 unlike classical MAPK, is hardly activated by growth stimulation. J NK3 activity is dependent on cell stress (DNA damage, ultraviolet light, heat, hyperosmotic pressure, endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive oxygen species, etc.) and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) etc. ]. Activated JNK is thought to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and regulate target gene expression through phosphorylation of transcription factors such as c-Jun.
- cell stress DNA damage, ultraviolet light, heat, hyperosmotic pressure, endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive oxygen species, etc.
- inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) etc.
- Activated JNK is thought to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and regulate target gene expression through phosphorylation of transcription factors such as c-Jun.
- JNK activation is involved in apoptosis induced by various stress stimuli.
- activation of JNK in nerve cell death due to nerve growth factor (NGF) removal indicates that dominant negative negative mutant of c-Jun (dominant negative mutant) Mutant expression is reported to be suppressed (Non-Patent Document 2)
- NGF nerve growth factor
- Patent Document 3 It has been reported that excitatory neuronal death due to kainate administration is suppressed in JNK3 knockout mice.
- MKK4 and MKK7 are known as MAPK kinases that activate JNK (hereinafter abbreviated as MAPKK). MKK7 is also referred to as MAPKK7, MAP2K7, or JNKK2, and specifically phosphorylates and activates JNK (Non-Patent Document 4 and 5). On the other hand, MKK4 not only phosphorylates and activates JNK, but also phosphorylates and activates ERK2 and p38, which are members of the MAPK family. In embryonic stem cells (ES cells) in which the MKK4 gene has been disrupted, JNK activation by osmotic stimulation or ultraviolet light is also observed (Non-patent Document 6). Therefore, MKK7 is independent of MKK4. It is thought to be working on activation.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- JNK activation by osmotic stimulation or ultraviolet light is also observed (Non-patent Document 6). Therefore, MKK7 is independent of MKK4.
- Non-Patent Document 7 As a kinase that binds to cdc42 and transmits its signal, P21-activated kinase (p21-activatedkinase; PAK) is known. In fact, it has been reported that overexpression of PAK1, PAK2, PAK3 or PAK4, which is a member of the ⁇ family, activates the JNK signaling pathway (Non-Patent Documents 8 and 9, respectively). , 7 and 10). However, the mechanisms of the detailed signaling pathways between PAK and JNK activation, such as direct or indirect, have not been elucidated.
- Non-Patent Document 11 Several reports have been reported that suggest that cdc42 is involved in neuronal cell death. For example, forced expression of activated cdc42 in nerve cells induces nerve cell death, and dominant negative mutant of cdc42 suppresses nerve cell death due to NGF removal (Non-Patent Document 11). In addition, it has been reported that MKK7 is activated by the activating dani type cdc42 as well as JNK (Non-Patent Document 12). Therefore, it is conceivable that a signaling pathway from cdc42 to JNK via MKK7 may be involved in neuronal cell death.
- ER stress is caused by various stimuli (such as glucose deficiency, changes in calcium concentration homeostasis, and active oxygen) during the process of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as ER). Abnormalities occur and result from the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the ER.
- ER stress occurs, the expression of the molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum is induced (unfoldepdrototeinspresn: UPR), and the phono-reading abnormality (misfo1din) is resolved.
- IRE1 is known to work as a sensor protein for ER stress (Non-patent Document 13).
- Non-patent Documents 14 and 15 JNK activation caused by ER stress is suppressed, and JNK is activated by overexpression of IRE1.
- I RE 1 binds to TRAF 2, and a dominant negative mutant of TRAF 2 blocks I RE 1 activation of JNK.
- JIK (also called DPK) is also known as a protein involved in the process of JNK activation by the application of ER stress. JIK binds to IRE1 and TRAF2 and is thought to be involved in JNK activation by ER stress loading. For example, overexpression of JIK enhances JNK activation due to ER stress loading, and JIK active site deletion mutant suppresses JNK activity due to ER stress loading (Non-Patent Document 15).
- JIK is one of the serine / threonine kinases (STE20—relatense / threonine / threoninese) related to STE20, a human homolog of the yeast Ste20p protein.
- STE20 serine / threonine kinases
- JIK inhibits, for example, J ⁇ activity induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, and at that time, the activity of JIK itself is also suppressed (Non-Patent Document 16). It has been reported that over-expression of JNK causes activation of JNK (Non-Patent Document 17).
- Non-Patent Document 18 Apoptosis induced by ER stress was suppressed by dominant negative mutants of MKK4 and MKK7 (Non-Patent Document 18). Induction of apoptosis induced by ER stress induced JNK activity via MKK4 or MKK7. There is a possibility that Mr. Dani was involved.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. WO 01/67299.
- Non-Patent Document l E i l e r s A. e t a l., J. Neuros c i. (1 998) 18: 1713-1724.
- Non-Patent Document 2 Ham J. et al., Neouron (1995) 14: 927-939.
- Non-Patent Document 3 Yang D. etal., Natur (1997) 389: 865-870.
- Non-Patent Document 4 Moriguchi T. et al., EMBO J. (1997) 16: 7045-7053.
- Non-Patent Document 5 Foltz Letters, J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273: 9344-9351.
- Non Patent Literature 6 Yang D. etal., Ploc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. (1997) 94: 3004-3009.
- Non-Patent Document 7 Bagrodia S. et al., J. Biol. Chem. (1 995) 270: 27995-27998.
- Non-Patent Document 8 Brown J. etal., Curr. Biol. (1996) 6: 598-605.
- Non-Patent Document 9 Frost J. etal. 'MoI. CeIl. Biol. (1 96) 16: 3707-3713.
- Non-Patent Document 10 Ab o A. eta 1., EMBO J. (1998) 17: 65 27-6540.
- Non-patent literature l l Baz en e t C. et al., Pro c. Natl. Ac ad. Sci. U. S. A. (1998) 95: 3984-3989.
- Non-Patent Document 12 FoltzLetal., J. Biol.Chem. (199
- Non-Patent Document 13 UranoF.eta1., J.Cel.Sci. (2000) 113: 3697-3702.
- Non-Patent Document 14 UranoF.etal., Science (2000) 287: 664—666.
- Non-Patent Document 15 Yoneda T. eta1 J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276: 13935-13940.
- Non-Patent Document 16 TassiE.etal., J. Biol.Chem. (199
- Non-Patent Document 17 Zhang W. etal., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2000) 274: 872-879.
- Non-Patent Document 18 Zhang C. eta 1., Bioch em. Biophys. R es. Commun. (2 0 0 1) 2 8 9: 7 18-724.
- Non-Patent Document 19 Cell Engineering, 2001, Vol. 20, No. 11, Special Feature: Onset Mechanism of Neurodegenerative Disease and Prospects for Treatment. Disclosure of the invention
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to an inhibitor of c-Jun phosphorylation by JNK3, characterized by at least one of the following i) potency, iv);
- one embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for inhibiting c_Jun phosphorylation in JNK3, wherein at least one of the above i) to i) is characterized by [ ⁇ ].
- one embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the above i) to iv) is characterized by: Relating to the prevention and / or therapeutic agents of diseases based on over 1 1 1 1 1 Rinsani ⁇ .
- one embodiment of the present invention is characterized by at least one of the above i) to iv).
- the present invention relates to a preventive agent and a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease.
- one embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for preventing and / or treating a disease based on C- Jun phosphorylation by JNK3, which is characterized by at least one of the above i) to iv).
- one embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for preventing and / or treating a neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by at least one of the above i) to iv).
- one embodiment of the present invention is a method for identifying a compound that inhibits the binding of PAK4 to MKK7, wherein PAK4 and MKK7 are tested under the conditions where PAK4 and MKK7 bind. And then detect the presence, absence or alteration of the signal generated by the binding between PAK4 and MKK7 to determine whether the test compound has the ability to inhibit the binding between PAK4 and MKK7 And an identification method including: Another aspect of the present invention is a method for identifying a compound which inhibits the binding of JIK and MKK7, wherein JIK and / or MKK7 are combined with a test compound under conditions where JIK and MKK7 bind. Contact, and then detect the presence, absence or change of the signal generated by the binding of JIK to MKK7 to determine whether the test compound has the ability to inhibit the binding of JIK to MKK7 And an identification method.
- one embodiment of the present invention is a method for identifying a compound that inhibits phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4, comprising contacting PAK4 and / or MKK7 with a test compound, By introducing a system that uses a signal and Z or a marker capable of detecting lignin, and detecting the presence, absence, or change of this signal and Z or a marker, the test compound is converted to the phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4.
- the present invention relates to an identification method for determining whether or not to inhibit dani.
- one embodiment of the present invention is a method for identifying a compound that inhibits phosphorylation of MKK7 by JIK, comprising contacting JIK and Z or MKK7 with a test compound to detect phosphorylation of MKK7. Whether the test compound inhibits JIK phosphorylation of MKK7 by introducing a system that uses a signal and / or Z or marker capable of detecting and detecting the presence, absence or change of this signal and / or Z or marker Or The identification method to be determined.
- Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a conjugate obtained by any of the identification methods described above. Further, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a compound that inhibits binding between PAK4 and MKK7. Furthermore, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a compound that inhibits binding of JIK to MKK7. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a compound that inhibits phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4.
- one embodiment of the present invention relates to a compound that inhibits phosphorylation of MKK7 by JIK.
- Still another embodiment of the present invention relates to a binding inhibitor of PAK4 and MKK7.
- Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a binding inhibitor of JIK and MKK7.
- one aspect of the present invention relates to an inhibitor of phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4. Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a phosphorylation inhibitor of MKK7 by JIK.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of at least one of the compound and the inhibitor.
- one embodiment of the present invention provides an agent for preventing a disease based on c-Jun phosphorylation by JNK3 and Z or Z, which comprises an effective amount of at least one of the compound and the inhibitor.
- an agent for preventing a disease based on c-Jun phosphorylation by JNK3 and Z or Z which comprises an effective amount of at least one of the compound and the inhibitor.
- one embodiment of the present invention relates to a preventive agent, a therapeutic agent or a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease, comprising an effective amount of at least one of the compound and the inhibitor.
- the neurodegenerative disease is polyglutamine disease, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, dentate nucleus pallidum pallidum atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome , Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, multiple system atrophy, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive supranuclear palsy, basal ganglia degeneration, pick disease, familial frit am ilial B ritishd ementia), Creutzfeldt—Jakob disease, Gerenos tman nn—S transs 1 er syndrome, mad cow disease ) (BSE) or neuroserpin (neuroserpi n) a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for the above-mentioned neurodegenerative disease, which is familial dementia with inclusion bodies.
- one embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the compound and the inhibitor is used.
- -It relates to a method for preventing and / or treating diseases based on unphosphorylation.
- one embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for preventing and / or treating a neurodegenerative disease, which comprises using at least one or more of the compound and the inhibitor.
- the neurodegenerative disease is polyglutamine disease, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, dentate nucleus pallidum pallidum atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome , Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, multiple system atrophy, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive supranuclear palsy, cortical basal ganglia degeneration, pick disease, Familial Pretty Dementia (f ami lial B ritishd ementia), Creutzfeldt—Jakob disease, Genores tman nn—S transs 1 er syndrome, mad cow disease ( ⁇ spongiform encephalopathy) (BSE), or a method for preventing and / or treating said neurodegenerative disease, which is familial dementia with inclusion bodies of neuroserpin.
- BSE spongiform encephalopathy
- one embodiment of the present invention provides a polynucleotide encoding PAK4, JIK, ⁇ 4, a polynucleotide encoding JI ⁇ , a vector containing a polynucleotide encoding PAK4, and a vector containing a polynucleotide encoding JIK.
- the present invention relates to a reagent kit comprising at least one selected from one and at least one selected from MKK7, a polynucleotide encoding MKK7, and a vector containing a polynucleotide encoding MKK7.
- one embodiment of the present invention is a reagent kit used for the identification method, wherein PAK4, JIK: a polynucleotide encoding PAK4, a polynucleotide encoding JIK, and a vector containing a polynucleotide encoding PAK4. And JIK And a reagent kit comprising at least one selected from vectors containing a polynucleotide encoding MKK7, and at least one selected from MKK7, a polynucleotide encoding MKK7, and a vector containing a polynucleotide encoding MKK7.
- PAK4, JIK a polynucleotide encoding PAK4, a polynucleotide encoding JIK, and a vector containing a polynucleotide encoding PAK4.
- JIK And a reagent kit comprising at least one selected from vectors containing a polynu
- FIG. 1 shows the results of predicting the interaction between MKK7 and PAK4 in in silico.
- MKK7 and PAK4 were liable for alignment, and areas with high scores were displayed.
- the upper sequence and the lower sequence are a partial sequence of MKK7 and a partial sequence of PAK4, respectively.
- FIG. 2 shows that PAK 4 phosphorylated MKK7 in vitro.
- GST-MKK7 was phosphorylated in the presence of FLAG-PAK4 (lane 4) but not in the absence of FLAG-PAK4 (lane 3).
- GST was not phosphorylated in the presence (lane 2) or absence (lane 1) of FLAG-PAK4. Numerical values shown on the left side of the figure indicate molecular weight.
- FIG. 3 shows that PAK4 and MKK7 bound intracellularly.
- the lower panel in the figure shows that in the immunoprecipitation test (IP), HA-MKK7 and FLAG were observed in the cell lysate (celllysate) (lane 2) of the cells co-expressing HA-MKK7 and FLAG-PAK4. This indicates that co-immunoprecipitate containing -P AK4 was detected, but such co-immunoprecipitate was not detected in the cell lysate of cells expressing only HA-MKK7 (lane 1).
- the upper and middle panels show the results of confirming the expression of FLAG-PAK4 and HA-MKK7 in each cell lysate. Detection of co-immunoprecipitate and confirmation of expression were performed by Western blotting (WB).
- FIG. 4 shows that the c-Jun phosphoric acid by JNK3 was enhanced by the transient expression of PAK4 depending on the expression level of PAK4.
- the lower part of the figure shows GST-c-Jun using the cell lysate (lanes 2-4) of the cells that co-expressed HA-PAK4 and FLAG-JNK3 in kinase atase (kinaseassay).
- (1-79) Shows that GST-c-Jun (1-79) was not phosphorylated in the cell lysate of cells that expressed only FLAG-JNK3 (lane 1). .
- Lane 2 lane 3, and lane 4 were transfected with HA-PAK4 expression vector (pcDNA-HA-PAK4) at 0.1 / zg, 0.5 ⁇ g, and 2.O ⁇ g, respectively. The results are shown. The upper and middle panels show the results of confirming the expression of FLAG-JNK3 and HA-PAK4, respectively. Expression was confirmed by Western blotting (WB).
- WB Western blotting
- FIG. 5 shows the results of predicting the interaction between MKK7 and JIK in in silico. Local alignment of M KK 7 and J I K was performed, and areas with high scores were displayed. The upper sequence and the lower sequence are respectively a partial sequence of MKK7 and a partial sequence of JIK.
- FIG. 6 shows that J IK phosphorylated MKK7 in vitro.
- GST-MKK7 was phosphorylated in the presence of HA-JIK (lane 2), but was not phosphorylated in the absence of HA-JIK (lane 1). On the other hand, it was not phosphorylated in the presence of GS T13 ⁇ 4HA—J IK (lane 3). Numerical values shown on the left side of the figure indicate molecular weight.
- FIG. 7 shows that JIK and MKK7 bound intracellularly.
- the lower panel in the figure shows that in the immunoprecipitation test (IP), FLAG-MKK 7 was used in the cell lysate (cell 1 ysate) (lane 2) of the cell in which FLAG-MKK 7 and HA This indicates that a co-immunoprecipitate containing HA-JIK was detected, but no such co-immunoprecipitate was detected in a cell lysate of cells expressing only FLAG-MKK7 (lane 1).
- the upper and middle panels show the results of confirming the expression of HA-JIK and FLAG-MKK7 in each cell lysate, respectively. Detection of co-immunoprecipitate and expression were confirmed by Western blotting (WB).
- FIG. 8 shows that transient expression of JIK enhanced c-Jun phosphorylation by JNK3.
- GST—c — J un (1-7 9) was rarely phosphorylated
- phosphorylation of GST-c_Jun (1-79) was observed in cell lysate 3) of cells in which HA-JIK and FLAG-JNK3 were co-expressed.
- a protein having a function of interacting with MKK7 was predicted according to the method described in International Publication WO 01/67299 (Patent Document 1), and as a result, two proteins were found. These proteins are p21-activated kinase 4 (hereinafter abbreviated as PAK4) and JIK, a serine Z threonine kinase related to STE20.
- PAK4 p21-activated kinase 4
- JIK a serine Z threonine kinase related to STE20.
- a protein having a function of interacting with MKK7 means a protein that specifically interacts with MKK7, specifically, for example, a protein that specifically binds to MKK7 as one of its functions. I do. More specifically, MKK 7 was released as one of its functions. Means a protein that can be oxidized. In this specification, amino acids may be represented by one letter or three letters.
- Non-Patent Document 10 It has been known that PAK 4 is activated by cdc42, one of low-molecular-weight GTP proteins (Non-Patent Document 10). In addition, it has been reported that activated cdc 42 induces neuronal cell death (Non-Patent Document 11), and that activated cdc 42 or PAK 4 activates the JNK signaling pathway. (Non-Patent Documents 7 and 10).
- cdc42 activates PAK4, and activated PAK4 binds to MKK7 and directly phosphorylates it. It was thought that there was a signal transduction pathway that activated JNK3 and phosphorylated c_Jun as a result, and finally expressed some physiological functions. Examples of the physiological function include induction of apoptosis, and more specifically, induction of nerve cell death. Therefore, by inhibiting the binding between PAK4 and MKK7 and / or the phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4, phosphorylation of c-Jun due to activation of JNK3 can be inhibited. It can inhibit neuronal cell death. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent and Z or treat diseases caused by activation of the JNK3 signaling pathway, such as those based on cdc42-mediated activation of the JNK3 signaling pathway.
- JIK is thought to be involved in JNK3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ sei-dani due to ER stress.
- JIK overexpression enhances JNK activity due to ER stress loading
- JIK active site deletion mutant suppressed JNK activation due to ER stress loading
- the expression of physiological functions by ER stress load requires that JIK is activated by ER stress load, and the activated JIK binds to MKK7.
- the physiological functions include, for example, induction of apoptosis.
- phosphorylation of c-Jun due to activation of JNK3 could be inhibited.
- it can inhibit nerve cell death.
- Diseases caused by activation of the JNK3 signaling pathway include, for example, apoptosis-based diseases, specifically, neurodegenerative diseases and the like.
- neurodegenerative diseases include, but are not limited to, polyglutamine diseases (eg, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, spinobulbar muscular atrophy, and nucleated nucleus pallidum) Atrophy), Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, multiple system atrophy, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive supranuclear palsy, basal ganglia degeneration Syndrome, pick disease, familial pretty dementia (f am i 1 ia 1 Britishd eme ntia), Kreuzfue / Let-Jakob disease, Gerstman-t trans sner (Ge rs tma nn_S transs 1 er) Syndrome, mad cow disease (Bacillus spongiform encephalopathy) (B
- the binding of PAK4 to MKK7 Provides a method for identifying a compound that inhibits phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4 or a compound that inhibits the binding of JK to MKK7 and the phosphorylation of MKK7 by 7 or JIK.
- the identification method can be constructed using a drug screening system known per se.
- PAK 4, JIK, and MKK7 used to identify compounds were prepared from cells, cell-free synthesized products, chemically synthesized products, or-cells or biological samples expressing these by genetic engineering techniques. And may be further purified from these.
- another protein peptide or linker peptide may be directly or N-terminally or C-terminally inserted. May be indirectly labeled by using a genetic engineering technique. Alternatively, it may be labeled with a chemical modifier. It is preferable to use a label that does not impair their basic properties.
- protein peptides to be added include enzymes such as daltathione S-transferase, ⁇ -galactosidase, horse radish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, His-tag, My c-tag, HA-tag,
- tag peptides such as FLAG-tag or Xpress-one tag, maltose binding protein, and Fc fragment of immunoglobulin.
- the chemical modifying substance used for labeling include fluorescent substances such as green fluorescent protein, fluoresceinisothiocynate or phycoerythrin, biotin, and radioisotope. And the like.
- these protein peptides or the like may be added alone or in combination of two or more.
- the test compound includes, for example, compounds derived from the madakuri library and natural products, and compounds obtained by drug design based on the primary structure and tertiary structure of PAK4, JIK and MKK7.
- a test compound For example, conditions that allow binding of PAK 4 to MKK 7 are selected, and PA K4, MKK7 and a test compound are brought into contact, and then a system using a signal and Z or a marker capable of detecting the binding between PAK4 and MKK7 is introduced. The presence of this signal and Z or a marker, By detecting the absence or change thereof, a compound that inhibits the binding of PAK 4 to MKK7 can be identified. For example, when a signal generated by the binding between PAK and MKK7 or a marker for the binding shows a change such as disappearance or reduction when the test compound is brought into contact with PAK4 and MKK7, The test compound can be determined to inhibit the binding between PAK and MKK7.
- the test compound can be brought into contact with PAK4 and / or MKK7 in advance, and then a binding reaction between PAK4 and MKK7 can be performed.
- a signal refers to a signal that can be directly detected by its physical or chemical properties
- a marker refers to a signal that can be detected indirectly using its physical or biological properties as an index. Point.
- Known signals include luciferase, green fluorescent protein, and radioisotope.
- Markers include reporter genes, such as chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, or epitope tags for detection, such as 6XHis-tag. Are available. Methods for detecting these signals or markers are well known to those skilled in the art.
- a compound that inhibits the binding between PAK4 and MKK7 can be obtained by adding a test compound to a simple in vitro (invitro) binding experiment system and evaluating it.
- conditions under which MKK7 is phosphorylated by PAK4 are selected, and under these conditions, PAK4 and MKK7 are brought into contact with a test compound, and a signal capable of detecting phosphorylation of MKK7 and Z or A compound that inhibits phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4 can be identified by introducing a system using a marker and detecting the presence or absence or alteration of this signal Z or the marker.
- a signal generated by phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK or a marker of the phosphorylation is When the test compound shows a change such as disappearance or reduction upon contact with PAK 4 or MKK 7, it can be determined that the test compound inhibits the phosphorylation of ⁇ 7 by ⁇ .
- the test compound can be brought into contact with ⁇ ⁇ 4 and / or ⁇ 7 in advance, and then the phosphatic reaction of ⁇ 7 with ⁇ 4 can be performed.
- the protein phosphorylation test and the quantification of phosphorylated protein can be performed by a method known per se.
- a cell capable of detecting the binding of PAK4 to MKK7 or the phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4 by contacting the cell with a test compound by using cells in which PA PA4 and MKK7 are co-expressed. And / or by introducing a system that uses a marker to detect the presence or absence or change of this signal and Z or the marker, the binding of PAK4 to MKK7 and the phosphorylation of MKK7 by Z or PAK4. Compounds that inhibit can be identified.
- the above identification method using cells can be used in combination with the above in vitro identification method.
- a compound that inhibits the binding of PAK4 to MKK7 and the phosphorylation of MKK7 by Z or PAK4 obtained by the method of identifying the intestinal ostium was tested again by the above-described identification method using cells.
- Useful compounds may be further selected.
- a compound that inhibits the binding of JIK to MKK7 and / or the phosphorylation of MKK7 by JIK can be similarly identified by using JIK instead of PAK4.
- a compound that inhibits the binding between PAK4 and MKK7 a compound that inhibits the binding between JIK and MKK7, a compound that inhibits the phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4, and a compound that inhibits the phosphorylation of MKK7 by JIK Obtaining a compound that inhibits acid resistance Can be.
- These compounds are also included in the scope of the present invention. These compounds are used as binding inhibitors of PAK4 and MKK7, inhibitors of phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4, binding inhibitors of JIK and MKK7, or inhibitors of phosphorylation of MKK7 by JIK It is possible.
- Examples of such a compound include a site where both proteins interact, for example, a peptide or an oligopeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at the binding site.
- peptides or oligopeptides are designed from the amino acid sequence of PAK4 or MKK7, synthesized by a peptide synthesis method known per se, and combined with PAK4 and MKK7 by the above-mentioned identification method, and the binding of MKK7 by PAK4. They can be identified by testing for their ability to inhibit phosphorylation, binding of JIK to MKK7, or phosphorylation of MKK7 by JIK.
- an antibody capable of inhibiting the binding between PAK4 and MKK7 or an antibody capable of inhibiting the binding between JIK and MKK7 can also be exemplified as one of the above compounds.
- Such an antibody can be obtained by preparing an antibody against PAK4, JIK or MKK7 and selecting an antibody capable of inhibiting the binding between PAK4 and MKK7 or the binding between JIK and MKK7 from the obtained antibodies.
- Antibodies are prepared by using, for example, PAK4, JIK and MKK7 proteins themselves, or peptides or oligopeptides containing an amino acid sequence at the site where PAK4 and MKK7 interact or JIK and MKK7 interact as antigens. It can be carried out by a known antibody preparation method.
- the selected compound, the binding inhibitor, and the phosphorylation inhibitor are further screened in consideration of the balance between biological utility and toxicity to form a bond between PAK4 and MKK7 and a bond between JIK and MKK7. It is useful as an active ingredient of a medicament based on inhibiting the phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4 or phosphorylation of MKK7 by JIK.
- PAK4 and JIK bind to MKK7, they directly phosphorylate MKK7 and activate it.
- JNK3 is activated and c_Jun is phosphorylated.
- the compound, the binding inhibitor, and the phosphorylation inhibitor are effective for a drug based on c-Jun phosphoric acid by JNK3, for example, a disease based on apoptosis, specifically, a drug against neurodegenerative disease. It can be used as a component.
- the medicament according to the present invention comprises the above-mentioned selected compound, the above-mentioned binding inhibitor and the above-mentioned phosphoric acid
- at least one of the inhibitors may be a medicament effective, it is usually preferable to produce a pharmaceutical composition using one or more pharmaceutical carriers or excipients.
- Such carriers include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.
- the required dosage range depends on the efficacy of the compound, the binding inhibitor and the phosphorylation inhibitor, the dosage form, the type of the disease, the nature of the subject (body weight, age, medical condition, and whether or not other medicines are used), It is desirable to make an appropriate selection according to the judgment of the doctor in charge.
- suitable doses preferably range, for example, from 0.1 zg to lOO ⁇ ig / kg body weight of the subject.
- variations in these dosages can be made using routine experimentation for optimization well known in the art.
- the above dose can be administered once to four times a day, or may be administered intermittently once every few days or weeks.
- the formulation may use what is well known to those skilled in the art.
- they may be used alone or in combination with other compounds or medicaments necessary for treatment.
- an active ingredient such as a c-Jun phosphorylation inhibitor or an agent for preventing and / or treating a neurodegenerative disease may be added.
- the administration form can be selected from either systemic administration or local administration.
- an appropriate dosage form is selected according to the disease, symptom, and the like.
- it can be administered subcutaneously, intradermally, intramuscularly, etc., in addition to usual intravenous administration and intravenous administration.
- Oral administration is also possible, provided that an enteric or capsule formulation is successfully formulated.
- transmucosal or transdermal administration using penetrants such as bile salts or fusidic acid or other surfactants can be used.
- topical administration it may be in the form of salves, pastas, gels and the like.
- appropriate additives for the formulation can be used according to the administration form or the physical properties of the active ingredient, and the formulation can be made according to a conventional method.
- powders, pills, tablets, capsules, aqueous solutions, ethanol solutions, liposomes A formulation method such as a pharmaceutical formulation, a fat emulsion, or an inclusion such as cyclodextrin can be used.
- J, pills, capsules and tablets are excipients such as ratatose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, disintegrants such as starch and sodium alginate, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, talc, polyvinyl, etc. It can be produced using a binder such as alcohol, hydroxypropyl cellulose and gelatin, a surfactant such as fatty acid ester, and a plasticizer such as glycerin.
- solid pharmaceutical carriers are used for manufacturing tablets and capsules.
- Suspensions can be prepared using water, sugars such as sucrose, sorbitol and fructose, glycols such as polyethylene glycol, and oils.
- Injectable solutions can be prepared using carriers consisting of saline, glucose, or a mixture of saline and glucose.
- a solution in which the substance is dissolved in a solvent such as ethanol
- a solution in which a phospholipid is dissolved in an organic solvent such as black form
- the solvent is distilled off. After adding the solution, shaking, sonication and centrifugation, the supernatant may be filtered and collected.
- Fat emulsification involves mixing and heating the substance, oil components (vegetable oils such as soybean oil, sesame oil and olive oil, MCTs, etc.), emulsifiers (phospholipids, etc.), etc. Of water and emulsification and homogenization using an emulsifier (homogenizer, for example, high-pressure injection type or ultrasonic type). It is also possible to freeze-dry this.
- an emulsifying aid may be added, and examples of the milking aid include glycerin and sugars (eg, glucose, sorbitol, fructose, etc.).
- cyclodextrin inclusion for example, a solution prepared by dissolving the substance in a solvent (such as ethanol) and a solution obtained by heating and dissolving cyclodextrin in water or the like are added. It can be performed by sterilizing and drying. At this time, as the cyclodextrin to be used, cyclodextrins having different pore diameters (ie, ⁇ type) may be appropriately selected depending on the size of the substance.
- the present invention relates to a reagent kit, comprising PAK4, JIII :, and a polynucleotide encoding PAK4.
- the reagent kit according to the present invention can be used for the above identification method.
- JIK, ⁇ 4 and ⁇ ⁇ 7 may be cells in which these are expressed by genetic engineering techniques, cell-free synthetic products, chemically synthesized products, or those prepared from the cells or biological samples, and further purified from these. It may be something.
- the function of these proteins, for example, kinase activity is not inhibited, the binding of JI or ⁇ 4 to ⁇ 7, another protein peptide, such as another protein peptide, may be directly or at the linker terminal on the N-terminal side or C-terminal side.
- the label may be indirectly added by using a genetic engineering technique or the like via the above method. Alternatively, they may be labeled with a chemical modifying substance.
- protein peptides to be added include enzymes such as gnoretathione S-transferase, ⁇ -galactosidase, horse radish peroxidase or al lipophosphatase, His_tag, Myc-tag, and HA-tag.
- tag peptides such as FLAG-tag or Xpress-tag, maltose binding protein, and Fc fragment of immunoglobulin.
- chemical modifying substance used for labeling include fluorescent substances such as green fluorescent protein, phnoleoresinisothiocyanate or phycoerythrin, biotin, and radioisotopes.
- a polynucleotide encoding any of PAK4, JIK or MKK7 can be prepared from a human cDNA library by a genetic engineering technique known per se.
- a vector containing a polynucleotide encoding any of PAK4, JIK or MKK7 can be obtained by introducing the above polynucleotide into an appropriate expression vector DNA, for example, a vector derived from bacterial plasmid by a genetic engineering technique known per se. Is obtained.
- Example 1 In silico search for a protein having a function of interacting with MKK 7)
- a protein having a function of interacting with MKK7 was predicted according to the prediction method described in WO01 / 67299.
- the amino acid sequence of MKK7 was decomposed into oligopeptides of a certain length, and the amino acid sequence of each oligopeptide or a protein having an amino acid sequence homologous to its amino acid sequence was searched in a database, and obtained.
- a local alignment was performed between the protein and MKK7, and those with a higher local alignment score were predicted to interact with MKK7.
- oligopeptides consisting of 7-amino acid residues or 6-amino acid residues derived from MKK7, DVWSLG I (SEQ ID NO: 1) and oligopeptide DI WSLG I (SEQ ID NO: 2) homologous to PPARPR (SEQ ID NO: 2) No. 3) and PPARAR (SEQ ID NO: 4) were found to be present in the amino acid sequence of PAK4.
- Fig. 1 shows the results of local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4. From these results, PAK4 was predicted to be a protein having a function of interacting with MKK7.
- Example 2 Analysis of phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4
- the PAK4 expression plasmid was constructed as follows. First, human PAK4 cDNA was obtained from human brain-derived po1y (A) + RNA (C1ontech) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and then an animal cell expression vector, pcDN A3. 1 (+) (In V itrogen) Incorporated. Then, on the 5 'side? Insert a G-tag sequence or HA-tag sequence into N-terminal FLAG-tag-added PAK4 expression plasmid (pc DNA-FLAG-PAK4) for animal cells and N-terminal HA-tag for animal cells An additional PAK4 expression plasmid (pcDNA-HA-PAK4) was constructed.
- each buffer having the following composition was used.
- Cell lysis buffer 20 mM Tris — HC 1 pH 7.4 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (E DTA), ImM ethylene glycol bistetraacetic acid (EGTA), 1% Triton X-100 , 2.5 mM sodium pyrophosphate (Na-pyrophosphate), ImM-glycol phosphate, 1 mM Na 3 V ⁇ 4 , Protease inhibitor cocktail (proteasei nh ibitorcocktail) Cell Signaling Technology .
- Kinase buffer (K inase bu ffer): 25 mM T ris-HC l, p H 7. 5, 5mM] 3- glycerin port Hosufue Ichito, 2 mM Jichiosurei Torr, 0 .. 1 mM N a 3 V0 4, 10 mM Mg Cl 2 Cell Signaling Techno 1 ogy.
- SDS sample buffer SD s amp lebuffer: 4% SD S, 125 mM Tris-HC1, pH 6.8, 20% glycerol, 0.01% Bromphenololeb (B PB), 10% j8-mercapto Ethanol (mercaptoethanol).
- the cells were suspended in cell lysis buffer and left on ice for 10 minutes, and then centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C to collect the supernatant.
- normal mouse IgG Agarose-conjugated norma 1mouse IgG, Sigma
- the supernatant was collected by centrifugation, and the collected supernatant was added with 20 ⁇ 1 anti-FLAG M2 affinity gel (anti-FLAG M2 affinity gel, Sigma).
- the substrate used was an inactive GST-MKK7 (unactive GST-MKK7, Upstate) or GST as a negative control.
- the PAK4 expression plasmid used was the one constructed in Example 2.
- the MKK7 expression plasmid was constructed as follows. First, human MKK7 cDNA was obtained from human skeletal muscle-derived po1y (A) + RNA (C1ontech) by RT-PCR, and then an expression vector for animal cells, pcDNA3.1 (+) (I n V itrogen). At that time, the HA-tag coding sequence was inserted into the 5 side to construct an N-terminal HA-tag-added MKK7 expression plasmid for animal cells, pcDNA_HA-MKK7.
- composition of each buffer used in the test is the same as that described in Example 2.
- the mixture was centrifuged at 14, OOO rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C, and the supernatant was collected to obtain a cell lysate.
- affinitygel affinitygel (Sigma)
- the mixture was mixed by inversion at 4 ° C, and the beads were collected by centrifugation.
- the PAK4 expression plasmid used was the one constructed in Example 2.
- the JNK3 expression plasmid was constructed as follows. First, the human JNK3 cDNA, obtained by RT- PCR from human hippocampal cDNA library, then the current vector onset for animal cells, p C DNA3. 1 (+ ) incorporating into (I n V itrogen Inc.). that time, The FLAG-tag coding sequence was inserted on the 5 'side to construct an N-terminal FLAG-tag-added JNK3 expression plasmid for animal cells, p cDNA-FLAG-JNK3.
- c-Jun (1-79) N-terminal 79 amino acid region of c-Jun, which contains a phosphorylation site by JNK
- GST Glutathione S-transferase
- composition of each solution used in the test is the same as that described in Example 2.
- the cells were washed with ice-cooled PBS (-), collected, suspended in 500 ⁇ l of cell lysis buffer, and left on ice for 10 minutes. Then, the mixture was centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C., and the supernatant was collected to obtain a cell lysate. Next, add 20 ⁇ l of Agarose-conjugated normouse IgG (Sigma) to 500 ⁇ l of cell lysate, invert at 30 ° C for 30 minutes, and centrifuge. Then, the supernatant was recovered.
- PBS ice-cooled PBS
- a protein having a function of interacting with MKK7 was predicted in the same manner as in Example 1.
- oligopeptides consisting of 6 amino acid residues derived from MKK7, WSLG IS (Toriki, SEQ ID NO: 5) and LEAKLK (SEQ ID NO: 6), and homologous oligopeptides, WS LG IT (SEQ ID NO: 7) and LENKLK (SEQ ID NO: 8) was found to be present in the amino acid sequence of JIK.
- Figure 5 shows the results of local alignment between MKK 7 and JIK. From these results, it was predicted that JIK was a protein having a function of interacting with MKK7.
- Example 6 (Analysis of MKK7 phosphoric acid by JIK) In order to experimentally confirm the phosphorylation of MKK7 by JIK, a phosphorylation test at the in-vitro mouth using the immune complex phosphorylation method was performed.
- the JIK expression plasmid was constructed as follows. First, human JIK cDNA was obtained from human kidney-derived po 1 y (A) + RNA (C 1 ontech) by RT-PCR, and then an expression vector for animal cells, pc DNA3.1 (+) (I n V itrogen). At that time, the HA-tag coding sequence was inserted on the 5 'side to construct an N-terminal HA-tag-added JIK expression plasmid and pcDNA-HA-JIK for animal cells.
- the amino acid translation sequence of the cleaved JIK cDNA is the accession number XP—045006 (registered gene name) disclosed in the protein database of NCB I (N at 1 ona 1 Center Biotec hnology inforation). : JIK).
- composition of each buffer used in the test is the same as that described in Example 2.
- HEK293T cells of the cell number 4 X 10 5 to 37 ° (:., After one ⁇ cultured in dishes 5% C_ ⁇ 2 conditions phi 60 mm, and the pc DNA-HA-JIK 5 mu g, 1 5 Transfection was performed using uGE NE 6 Transfection Reagent (Roche) of 1.
- pcDNA3.1 (+) was used as a negative control, and transfection was performed in the same manner. The cells were collected by washing with cold PBS (-), suspended in 500 ⁇ l of cell lysis buffer, and allowed to stand on ice for 10 minutes, then at 4 ° C at 14,000 r!
- the supernatant was collected by centrifugation for 5 min and used as a cell lysate
- 500 ⁇ l of the cell lysate was added with 20 ⁇ l of Ag arose-conjugated mouse lg IgG (Sigma).
- 20 ⁇ l of the anti-HA affinity matrix was added to the collected supernatant.
- ix, Roche mix by inverting at 4 ° C for 2 hours, collect the beads by centrifugation, and mix the beads with 500 ⁇ l of cell lysis buffer. Wash twice with 500 ⁇ l of kinase buffer.
- the beads contain 1 ⁇ g of substrate and 10 ⁇ A of ATP and 5 C i of [ ⁇ - 32 P] ATP (3, OO OC i / mol, PerkinElmer) and 25 ⁇ l of A kinase buffer was added, and a phosphoric acid dipping reaction was performed at 3 ° C for 30 minutes. After the reaction, 25 1 2XSDS sample buffer was added, and the mixture was boiled for 5 minutes. The supernatant was separated by SDS-PAGE, and phosphoric acid was analyzed by autoradiography using BAS2000 (Fujifilm). Protein was detected.
- As a substrate an inactive form of GST-MKK7 (inactive GST-MKK7, Upstate) or GST as a negative control was used.
- the JIK expression plasmid used was the one constructed in Example 6.
- the MKK7 expression plasmid was constructed as follows. First, human MKK7 cDNA was obtained from human skeletal muscle-derived po1y (A) + RNA (C1ontech) using RT-PCR, and then an expression vector for animal cells, pcDNA3.1 (+ ) (I n V itrogen). At that time, the FLAG-tag coding sequence was inserted on the 5 'side to construct an N-terminal FLAG-tag-added MKK7 expression plasmid for animal cells, p cDNA-FLAG-MKK7. The composition of each buffer used for the test was the same as that described in Example 2.
- the mixture was centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C, and the supernatant was collected to obtain a cell lysate.
- 20 ⁇ l of anti-HA affinity matrix (Roche) was added, and the mixture was inverted at 4 ° C, and the beads were collected by centrifugation.
- the JNK3 expression plasmid used was the one constructed in Example 4.
- the JIK expression plasmid used was the one constructed in Example 6.
- composition of each buffer used in the test is the same as that described in Example 2.
- the mixture was centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C, and the supernatant was collected to obtain a cell lysate.
- JI ⁇ binds to ⁇ 7 and phosphorylates it directly, whereby JNK3 is activated and c_Jun is phosphorylated. That is, it was found that the JNK3 signaling pathway was activated.
- PAK4 activates the JNK signaling pathway, but the mechanism is unknown. PAK4 is activated by cdc42, but activation of cdc42 causes neuronal death through activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Therefore, it is considered that phosphorylation of MKK7 by PAK4 is involved in neuronal cell death due to activation of the JNK3 signaling pathway.
- JIK JIK-induced MKK7-induced neuronal cell death due to activation of the JNK3 signaling pathway caused by ER stress. Is thought to be involved.
- the present invention relates to a disease caused by activation of the JNK3 signaling pathway, for example, a disease based on nerve cell death, specifically, for the prevention and treatment of a neurodegenerative disease. It is very useful for studying the JNK signaling mechanism. Sequence listing free text
- SEQ ID NO: 1 A partial sequence of MKK7 having high homology with the partial sequence of PAK4 (SEQ ID NO: 3).
- SEQ ID NO: 2 Partial sequence of MKK7 having high homology to partial sequence of PAK4 (SEQ ID NO: 4).
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Partial sequence of PAK4 having high homology with the partial sequence of MKK7 (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- SEQ ID NO: 4 Partial sequence of PAK4 having high homology to the partial sequence of MKK7 (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- SEQ ID NO: 5 Partial sequence of MKK7 having high homology to the partial sequence of JIK (SEQ ID NO: 7).
- SEQ ID NO: 6 Partial sequence of MKK7 having high homology to the partial sequence of J IK (SEQ ID NO: 8).
- SEQ ID NO: 7 Partial sequence of JIK having high homology to the partial sequence of MKK7 (SEQ ID NO: 5).
- SEQ ID NO: 8 Partial sequence of JIK having high homology to the partial sequence of MKK7 (SEQ ID NO: 6).
- SEQ ID NO: 9 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 10 Partial sequence of PAK4 showing a high score in local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 11 partial sequence identical in the sequence of MKK7, PAK4 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 12 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 13 Partial sequence of PAK4 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 14 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 15 Partial sequence of PAK4 which showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 16 Partial sequence matching in the sequences of MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 17 Partial sequence of MKK7 which showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 18 Partial sequence of PAK4 showing a high score in local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 19 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 20 High score in local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4 Partial sequence of PAK 4 shown.
- SEQ ID NO: 21 Partial sequence of ⁇ 7 which showed a high score in the local alignment of ⁇ 7 and ⁇ 4.
- SEQ ID NO: 22 Partial sequence of # 4 which showed a high score in the local alignment of # 7 and # 4.
- SEQ ID NO: 23 Partial sequence of ⁇ 7 that showed ⁇ ⁇ score in local alignment of ⁇ 7 and ⁇ 4.
- SEQ ID NO: 24 Partial sequence of PA ⁇ 4 which showed a high score in the local alignment of ⁇ 7 and ⁇ 4.
- SEQ ID NO: 25 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in local alignment with MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 26 Partial sequence of PAK4 which showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 27 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 28 Partial sequence of PAK4 which showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and PAK4.
- SEQ ID NO: 29 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 30 Partial sequence of JIK which showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 31 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 32 Partial sequence of JIK which showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 33 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 34 JIK partial sequence showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 35 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 36 Partial sequence of JIK showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 37 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 38 Partial sequence of JIK which showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 39 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 40 Partial sequence of JIK showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 41 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 42 partial sequence of JIK that showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK
- SEQ ID NO: 43 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 44 Partial sequence of JIK that showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 45 Partial sequence of MKK7 showing a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
- SEQ ID NO: 46 Partial sequence of JIK which showed a high score in the local alignment between MKK7 and JIK.
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AU2003246091A AU2003246091A1 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2003-06-27 | Mkk7 activation inhibitor |
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WO2010048446A2 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-29 | Genentech, Inc. | Modulation of axon degeneration |
EP3011970A2 (en) | 2009-10-22 | 2016-04-27 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Modulation of axon degeneration |
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US20110294782A1 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-12-01 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Small molecule pak inhibitors |
IL259810A (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2018-07-31 | Yeda Res & Dev | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 inhibitors |
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Non-Patent Citations (7)
Title |
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ATSUSHI IKEDA ET AL.: "Mixed lineage kinase LZK forms a functional signaling complex with JIP-1, a scaffold protein of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway", J. BIOCHEM., vol. 130, 2001, pages 773 - 781, XP002973133 * |
IPPEITA DAN ET AL.: "The Ste20 group kinases as regulators of MAP kinase cascades", TRENDS IN CELL VIROLOGY, vol. 11, no. 5, 2001, pages 220 - 230, XP002961948 * |
JUNJI YAMAUCHI ET AL.: "Differential regulation of mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase 4(MKK4) and 7(MKK7) by signalin from G protein beta gamma subunit in human embryonal kidney 293 cells", THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGIAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 274, no. 4, 1999, pages 1957 - 1966, XP002973134 * |
TOURNIER CATHY ET AL.: "The MKK7 gene encodes a group of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase kinases", MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 19, no. 2, 1999, pages 1569 - 1581, XP000700226 * |
XIAOLING XIE ET AL.: "Crystal structure of JNK3: a kinase implicated in neuronal apoptosis", STRUCTURE, vol. 6, 1998, pages 983 - 991, XP002118848 * |
YI-RONG CHEN ET AL.: "Mammalian c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and STE20-related kinases", GENE THER. MOL. BIOL., vol. 4, 1999, pages 83 - 98, XP002973168 * |
ZHENGBIN YAO ET AL.: "Activation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases(SAPKs/JNKs) by a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK7)", THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 272, no. 51, 1997, pages 32378 - 32383, XP002973135 * |
Cited By (2)
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WO2010048446A2 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-29 | Genentech, Inc. | Modulation of axon degeneration |
EP3011970A2 (en) | 2009-10-22 | 2016-04-27 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Modulation of axon degeneration |
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