Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
  • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type

Definitions

• the invention concerns the arrangement of a cartridge with piercing bullet with increased effectiveness in penetrating bullet-proof vests and other ballistic shields, particularly hard barriers such as armoured transport means, special glass etc.
• Expanding bullets are known for pistols, rifles, shotguns and the like, in which the body or jacket of the bullet mushrooms open to a greater diameter on striking a barrier, thus causing a greater effect upon that barrier. This effect is to a considerable degree influenced by the velocity of the bullet and the resistance of the barrier to the impact of the bullet.
• the front portions of the bullet, for attainment of controlled expansion, are arranged by appropriate methods so that opening of the body of the bullet on impact with the barrier occurs more forcibly and at lower velocities.
• the bodies of the bullets can be furnished beforehand with outer transverse or longitudinal peripheral incisions (PCT Application WO 00/79211, US Patent 6,148,731, CZ Patent 289,744) or with inner longitudinal incisions (US Patent 3,881,421) which facilitate controlled opening of the body of the bullet, for this purpose caps are also used with penpheral projections which are forced backwards, on impact, into the opening m the bullet (US Patent 4,685,397, PCT Application WO 00/79211) and the body of the bullet is ruptured internally by their projections
• PCT application WO 0079211 a bullet is specifically described showing controlled expansion, where an opening is drilled from the front into the body, m which there is firmly lodged a core made of a harder and more solid material, for example steel.
• the solution is intended for hunting rifles, and therefore for soft targets.
• the core is released from the bullet after opening of its body.
• the purpose is to facilitate controlled opening of the body of the bullet on striking the target so that the body does not fragment into more pieces, its enlarged front surface delivers the essential part of its energy to the target which, however, remains intact and undamaged as a target (game). In the given case this is achieved both by outer radial grooves and by inner longitudinal grooves.
• none of these solutions was the purpose to penetrate a hard material in a barrier, nor was it a question of unfavourable impact angles.
• the said purpose is achieved by the solution according to the invention submitted, by employing several of the already known features mentioned above, but in a new combination with additional features
• the solution involves a cartridge consisting of a shell with powder filling and a bullet, where the bullet comprises a body having a rear base and penpheral walls, in the axis of which is fixed a piercing core
• the basis of the invention lies in the fact that the body is adapted for controlled detachment, in the area of weakening of its peripheral wall, of at least one of its forward portions after the bullet impacts with the barrier
• the piercing core of the bullet breaks into the barrier and at the same time there is an abrupt opening of the peripheral wall of the front portion of the body of the bullet, which rips off in the area of its weakening uncovering the piercing core and, due to the inertial mass of the rear portion of the body, its further penetration into the hard barrier is significantly increased.
• a hard barrier for example a steel plate or a glass or ceramic sheet
• the body of the bullet comprises a guiding forward portion and a rear portion of greater diameter for stabilising and guiding the bullet in the barrel.
• the diameter of the rear portion corresponds to the calibre of the gun.
• the piercing core is lodged with radial allowance in the body, in the opening on the front side. Between the forward portion and the rear portion of the bullet, the body has a deforming wall with reduced thickness, so that the area where it meets the shouldered rear portion forms the ripper zone of the front portion of the body.
• the piercing core comes to a point at its front end and the hollow between this front end of the core and the adjacent part of the inner wall of the opening of the body is filled with a malleable plug whose outer surface forms at least the greater part of the impacting surface of the bullet.
• the soft mate ⁇ al of the plug Upon impact of the bullet with a hard barrier, the soft mate ⁇ al of the plug permits the instant fixation of the bullet to the barrier in the place of contact, without the angle of impact of the bullet changing
• the sharp point digs into the barrier, thus preventing its glancing off, ⁇ cocheting or rupturing.
• the mate ⁇ al of the plug As soon as the point penetrates the barrier, the mate ⁇ al of the plug is displaced along the conical surface of the point of the piercing core, the weakened deforming wall of the body of the bullet bulges outwards and then the whole forward portion of the body of the bullet breaks off and disintegrates Its broken-off fragments scatter in all directions along the surface of the hard barrier, but the person firing is not struck or endangered by this disintegration, even when firing at close range.
• the piercing core is made of a material with a high degree of strength, hardness and mass, for example steel, tungsten or sintered metal carbides.
• the deforming wall can be formed by the base of a rectangular groove, arranged radially in the body of the bullet, while the rear side wall of this groove, which is at the same time the forward surface of the shouldered rear portion, forms the first impacting surface.
• the length and depth of the rectangular groove are dictated by the type and strength of the mate ⁇ al used in the body of the bullet to ensure its manipulating solidity, so that this weakened part of the body is not deformed as the bullet is pushed into the shell and in normal manipulation of the cartridge
• the rear side wall of the rectangular groove forms the first impact surface of the body of the bullet with the bamer
• the front portion of the body of the bullet in the direction of the exit from the opening preferably narrows down in a rounded shape so that the impact surface of the bullet forms a malleable plug, while the conical front end of the core of the bullet runs into this impact surface with its point
• the rounded front portion serves to guide the cart ⁇ dge from the magazine into the cart ⁇ dge chamber of the gun
• the malleable plug made of lead or plastic for example, reduces the dynamic deformational strength of the forward portion of the body of the bullet.
• the body of the bullet can be advantageously adapted for gradual detachment of at least one of its other parts in the direction from the front wall of the bullet, in the area of a radial incision in the peripheral wall of the rear portion.
• the body can have at least one radial incision on the outer periphery of its rear portion
• the body can have at least one spiral-shaped incision on the outer periphery of its rear portion, or evenly arranged spaced-out axial incisions.
• two radial incisions of trapezoidal section can be arranged at a distance from each other in the rear portion of the body of the bullet in the direction of the axis of the narrowed section, the forward wall of each of the incisions being at right angles to the axis of the bullet, while their rear walls are part of the second and third impact surfaces respectively.
• the controlled swift disintegration occurs of the individual parts of the body, separated from each other by radial incisions, which easily separate from the remainder of the body of the bullet and in such a way that the remaining portion of the body is always lined up on its front portion (in the direction of the movement of the bullet) in the course of its disintegration
• the outer diameter of the hole of the shot-through material of the bar ⁇ er which is basically cylindrical in shape, always corresponds to the outer diameter of the fired core
• an impression is formed by the controlled disintegration of the body of the bullet
• a barrier made of soft material for example soft steel
• the impression is greater, in hard material (for example steel sheets used for armoured vehicles, walls and the like) it is
• the base of the body of the bullet closes with its surface the inner space in the shell, which is preferably filled with a compressed powder filling
• a previously compressed powder pill whose dimensions correspond to the shape of the shell, can be inserted into the shell
• the cart ⁇ dge is supplied with a large amount of energy which is released, after ignition by a fuse, during the whole period of passage of the bullet through the gun barrel, without dangerously exceeding the maximum permitted pressure in the cartridge Quite a different curve thus arises in the course of combustion of the powdered fill and a basically longer duration of the pressure needed during the whole period of acceleration of the bullet in the gun barrel
• the pressure at the mouth is thereby increased compared to normal ammunition, for example in the 9 mm LUGER cart ⁇ dge (the most frequently used gun for police and special army units) there is a twofold increase In short pistol cartridges this velocity and energy, which is almost three times greater than in normal ammunition, cannot be created without compression of powder
• this method of preparation and filling of the cart ⁇ dge ensures, with a light bullet for example 2.9 grams in weight, normal functioning of guns (pistols and automatic weapons) that is repeating, automatic loading etc
• a further basic feature of the invention is the method of preparing at least one radial incision in the body of the bullet of the cartridge according to any of the embodiments mentioned, during which the rear portion of the body is formed with a greater outer diameter with at least one radial incision of trapezoidal section with symmetrical sides, and subsequently the body is extruded, through a stepwise narrowing opening in a calibrating member, to the required lower calibre, by which the material of the body in the area of the radial incision becomes non-homogeneous and deforms so that the front side of the radial incision in the direction of the extrusion straightens until it is at right angles to the axis of the body, with a simultaneous increase in the density of the mate ⁇ al in this area, and its rear side opens up still more, with a simultaneous decrease in the density of the material in this area
• This arrangement allows for controlled and gradual deformation of the rear portion of the body of the bullet after impact with the bar ⁇ er The effect of this non-homogeneous material
• a further advantage of the cartridge with the bullet according to this invention is that the type of cartridge can be immediately identified and distinguished from ordinary ammunition by the outer shape of the bullet, and by feel alone under unfavourable visual conditions, for example at night.
• Fig 1 is a schematic representation m longitudinal section of an example of the configuration of the body of the bullet with radial outer incisions and inserted hard core
• Fig. 2 there is a photo of one of the possible embodiments of the piercing bullet, where not only the outer shape and configuration of the bullet, whose body is made of brass, are visible but also the shaped lead plug on the front surface of the bullet.
• Fig. 3 shows a similar embodiment of the bullet as in Fig. 2, the body of the bullet in this case being made of a light metal alloy, with the possibility of colour differentiation which assists in the determination and identification of the ongin.
• Fig. 4 shows the bullet after hitting the target.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation m longitudinal section of an example of the configuration of the body of the bullet with radial outer incisions and inserted hard core
• Fig. 2 there is a photo of one of the possible embodiments of the piercing bullet, where not only the outer shape and configuration of the bullet, whose body is made of
• FIG. 4A involves a soft material, for example a living organism, a soft mass such as clay etc; B involves a target made of a harder mate ⁇ al, for example wood or plywood; C is a soft metal, for example class 11321 steel and D is a hard metal, ceramic or glass
• the gradual controlled deformation of the body of the bullet can be seen, depending upon the hardness of the targeted barrier.
• the body of the bullet goes through the target matter only in the cases of A and B; in the case of C and D it glances off the barrier and only the piercing core penetrates, the remainder of the body of the bullet being broken up into fragments, which are shown in Fig. 5.
• Fig. 5 Fig.
• FIG. 6 shows a side view of glued multi-layer glass, for example of the kind used for protection of bank operations, in the given case 30 mm thick.
• Fig. 7 the glass shown in Fig. 6 has been shot through by the piercing bullet according to this invention
• Fig. 8 shows a bullet hole in hard material, in this case a steel sheet of the HARDOX type, 5 mm thick, the view being from the side where the bullet enters. The impression of the bullet is minimal here.
• Fig. 9 shows the opposite side to Fig. 8, where the bullet exits
• Fig 10 shows a bullet hole in soft mate ⁇ al, in the given case a class 11375 steel sheet of 10 mm strength, the view is from the side where the bullet enters, the impression of the body of the bullet being evident here
• Fig. 1 1 shows the opposite side to Fig. 10, where the bullet exits.
• the piercing bullet consists of a cylindrical body 2 generally made of brass, a light metal alloy, plastic and the like, which is lodged with clearance and in a pre-defined position in the shell 3 with corresponding dimensions for various types of cartridges and uses
• the body 2 is inseparably joined to the shell J_3 by a conventional method, usually crimped or painted over.
• the body 2 In the production of the body of the bullet 2 its initial outer guiding diameter is greater than after completion In its rear portion (with respect to the direction of the movement of the bullet 1 after it is shot from the gun), which is preferably inside the shell !_3, the body 2 is furnished on its outer surface with radial incisions 12 or with spiral-shaped incisions (generally one to three incisions)
• the incisions 12 are separated from each other by the guiding surfaces of the cyhnd ⁇ cal part of the body 2 of the bullet 1, which serve to guide the bullet in the bore of the barrel and cause its rotation in the barrel
• the incisions 12 can be produced by various methods, for example machining, rolling, pressing, injection moulding in the case of plastics, and so on.
• the depth of the incisions 12 is dictated by the material used for the body 2 of the bullet and the requirements for subsequent destruction of the body 2 after hitting the target So that the bullet should acquire the final size of the diameter of the body 2, it is calibrated by extrusion through a stepped calibrating member in the direction of the movement (trajectory) of the bullet after finng from the gun. During this operation a change occurs in the shape of the incisions 12.
• the material of the body 2 of the bullet 1 is deformed in the area of the guiding rings formed by the incisions.
• the outer diameter of the body 2 of the bullet 1 is reduced at a certain distance before the mouth of the shell J_3 In the direction of the forward portion of the bullet 1 the body 2 is further lightened by the deforming groove 10 formed in it
• the length and depth of the deforming groove JO are dictated by the type and strength of the material used in the body 2 of the bullet to ensure the manipulating strength of the bullet 1 In other words, to ensure that this weakened part of the body 2 is not deformed as the bullet 1 is pushed (in preparation and filling) into the shell JJ?
• the rounded front part or head 5 of the bullet 1 which corresponds to the type of bullet and serves to guide or introduce the cart ⁇ dge from the magazine into the cart ⁇ dge chamber of the gun, by the force of the gun breech. Even during this operation, deformation (misalignment, eccentricity) of the jacket of the body 2 of the bullet 1 cannot occur in the area of the deforming groove JjO.
• a core 3 made of a mate ⁇ al with a high degree of strength, hardness and mass, for example steel, hardened steel, tungsten or sintered metal carbides.
• the core 3 in its forward part comes to a pomt 8, which can be in the shape of a cone with a sharp-angled apex.
• the jacket of the cone can be flat, rounded or basically of any rotary shape suitable for the specific uses of the material and the application of the cartridge.
• the free space of the opening 7 between the point 8 and the inner wall of the head 5 is filled with a plug 4 of soft material, for example lead or plastic. Its purpose is to reduce the dynamic deformational strength of the forward part of the bullet 1_. After impact with the bar ⁇ er it behaves like a fluid in a closed space, acting in all directions. After the bullet hits the target obliquely, there is deflection of the head 5 of the bullet and gradual deformation of the body 2 in the area of the deforming groove 10.
• the soft mate ⁇ al of the plug 4 permits the instant fixation of the bullet to the barrier at the pomt of contact, without the angle of impact of the bullet 1 changing.
• the sharp point 8 of the core 3 of the bullet 1 digs into the barrier, thus preventing its glancing off, ⁇ cocheting or rupturing.
• the material of the plug 4 is displaced along the conical surface of the point 8, the weakened body 2 of the bullet in the area of the deforming groove K) bulges outwards and then the whole forward portion of the body 2 of the bullet 1 breaks off and disintegrates. Part of the core 3 is thereby uncovered.
• the bamer is made of a hard material, for example steel, glass, ceramic, in the shape of a plate or board etc., then its broken-off fragments glance off and scatter in all directions along the surface It is evident particularly when fi ⁇ ng at close range, for example 1 to 2 metres. In no event is the person firing struck or endangered by this disintegration. Only the hard core 3 of the bullet 1 is forced into (penetrates) the hard material of the bar ⁇ er, partly by its own inertia and partly by the inertia of the rear portion of the bullet which, through the base 6 of the body 2 of the bullet 1, increases the penetration of the core 3 by its lnertial mass.
• a hard material for example steel, glass, ceramic, in the shape of a plate or board etc.
• the pieicing bullet 1 Upon impact with a hard barrier the pieicing bullet 1 immediately behaves like an under-cahbered bullet, since only the core 3 and not the body 2 of the bullet 1 penetrates the bar ⁇ er, with greater fi ⁇ ng energy. However, as soon as this piercing bullet 1 hits a target matter like wood for example, it behaves like a normal conventional bullet 1 and frequently does not disintegrate at all The bullet hole in such a case corresponds to the diameter of the body 2 of the bullet .
• This velocity is achieved by the low mass of the bullet 1 in combination with the special preparation and filling of the powdered fill in the shell 1_3.
• the cart ⁇ dge is supplied with a large amount of energy which is released, after ignition by a fuse, dunng the whole period of passage of the bullet through the gun barrel, without dangerously exceeding the maximum permitted pressure in the cartridge.
• a different curve thus arises in the course of combustion of the powdered fill and a basically longer duration of the pressure needed during the whole period of acceleration of the bullet in the gun ba ⁇ el
• the pressure at the mouth is thereby increased compared to normal ammunition, for example in the 9 mm LUGER cartridge (the most frequently used gun for police and special army units) there is a twofold increase.
• the piercing bullet according to this invention is intended particularly for destroying common ballistic shields for individuals or vehicles. That includes bullet-proof vests with kevlar fibre, particularly for invisible wear and for stopping armoured transport means At the same time there is no possibility of these bullets rebounding and threatening the vicinity

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Citations (11)

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• 2002
  • 2002-05-30 CZ CZ20021869A patent/CZ20021869A3/cs unknown
• 2003
  • 2003-03-05 DE DE10309975A patent/DE10309975A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-03-05 CA CA002458020A patent/CA2458020A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-03-05 MX MXPA04004041A patent/MXPA04004041A/es unknown
  • 2003-03-05 EP EP03711812A patent/EP1508018A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-03-05 WO PCT/CZ2003/000016 patent/WO2003102491A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-03-05 EA EA200400233A patent/EA005726B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-03-05 AU AU2003218604A patent/AU2003218604A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-03-05 YU YU17104A patent/YU17104A/sh unknown
  • 2003-03-05 CN CNA038009552A patent/CN1551972A/zh active Pending
  • 2003-03-06 US US10/405,803 patent/US20060027132A1/en not_active Abandoned

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