WO2003073793A2 - Element chauffant electrique de forme plate comprenant une couche de recouvrement pouvant etre chauffee - Google Patents

Element chauffant electrique de forme plate comprenant une couche de recouvrement pouvant etre chauffee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003073793A2
WO2003073793A2 PCT/DE2003/000476 DE0300476W WO03073793A2 WO 2003073793 A2 WO2003073793 A2 WO 2003073793A2 DE 0300476 W DE0300476 W DE 0300476W WO 03073793 A2 WO03073793 A2 WO 03073793A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heizköφer
cover layer
support plate
front plate
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/000476
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003073793A3 (fr
Inventor
Johann Alexander Rupp
Original Assignee
Johann Alexander Rupp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE20202810U external-priority patent/DE20202810U1/de
Priority claimed from DE20206550U external-priority patent/DE20206550U1/de
Application filed by Johann Alexander Rupp filed Critical Johann Alexander Rupp
Publication of WO2003073793A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003073793A2/fr
Publication of WO2003073793A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003073793A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/20—Heat consumers
    • F24D2220/2009—Radiators
    • F24D2220/2036—Electric radiators

Definitions

  • the innovation relates to an electric radiator with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • electrical panel radiators which consist of a front plate and a carrier plate attached behind it, heating conductors being attached to the carrier plate for heating the front plate by means of adhesive.
  • the heating cables can shift due to different thermal expansion on the carrier plate or even detach.
  • the innovation is based on the object of offering an electric elbow radiator in which there is no different thermal expansion between the heating elements and the support plate and displacement or detachment of the heating device is not possible.
  • the new electric panel radiator according to the invention has a carrier plate made of non-current-conducting material (e.g. glass, ceramic) with a low coefficient of thermal expansion. There is a heatable on the carrier plate
  • Cover layer attached.
  • the cover layer and carrier plate are inseparably connected to one another, so that there is no different thermal expansion behavior.
  • the carrier plate and front plate can be connected to one another in a simple manner by means of mechanical holding elements, in particular by means of screws, without impairing the heatable cover layer.
  • the heatable cover layer is expediently located on the front plate turned side of the carrier plate, i.e. not in the area of contact of the front and carrier plates.
  • the heatable cover layer can also be located in the area of the aforementioned contact surface of the front and carrier layers.
  • thermal expansion coefficients correspond to or fall short of the corresponding characteristic values of glass and ceramics (e.g. linear expansion coefficient?? 12).
  • Standard glass heating elements can be used as a carrier plate with a covering layer on top, in which safety glass is provided with a thin special coating.
  • the special coating can be supplied with current via an edge contact and thus heated.
  • the cover layer can consist of conductive material or semiconductor material.
  • the heatable cover layer is expediently covered with a transparent insulating layer.
  • a cover layer consisting of semiconductor material can have doped conductive areas, as a result of which conductor tracks are formed in the cover layer, which emit heat when current is applied. Regions of lower and higher heat output (wattage) can be realized on the cover layer via the geometric arrangement of the doped regions.
  • the cover layer expediently comprises graphite as an electrical conductor, in particular in the form of distributed graphite particles (in particular natural graphite).
  • the graphite or graphite particles are expediently free from oxidation.
  • the aforementioned conductive material or semiconductor material is expediently housed in a film. The latter is drawn onto the carrier plate.
  • the thickness of the film is expediently in the range from 0.05 mm to 4.0 mm, in particular 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, in particular 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.
  • the cover layer can cover the entire surface of the support plate in order to also achieve an adequate heat supply in its edge areas.
  • Local recesses or thinning of the cover layer can reduce the heat output, in particular in the central area of the support plate, in order to avoid thermal stresses in the carrier or front plate.
  • the cover layer in particular in the case of small-area radiators, can have a substantially constant heat output over its entire surface.
  • Such flat heaters are inexpensive to manufacture. Due to the small size, there is no thermal stress in the front panel.
  • a controller for temporally setting the heating of the cover layer can advantageously be used. This means that cover layers that can be activated individually can be controlled and monitored separately and at different times.
  • a cover layer is provided as separately controllable and optionally switchable additional heating element.
  • additional heating element When the additional heating element is activated, the non-uniform heat distribution (“heat kidney”) that usually occurs in surface radiators according to the prior art can be avoided, so that the edge areas are not heated less than the central area.
  • the cover layer can be applied to the carrier layer using the PVD process (physical vapor deposition) or the CVD process (chemical vapor deposition).
  • the support plate forms the basic fabric and underlay of the top layer.
  • the cover layer can e.g. only be applied over a template in some areas of the support plate to avoid uneven heat distribution ("heat kidney").
  • a further expedient embodiment of the heating element according to the invention is characterized in that both the support plate and the front plate consist essentially of glass and a cavity filled with gas, in particular air, is provided between the support plate and the front plate.
  • the heatable top layer is located in the area of the support plate. This creates a transparent radiator which, particularly in winter gardens, allows heating without impairing the view due to the transparency.
  • the support plate as such can be formed in two parts, including a cavity.
  • the objects of the Schwarzeau ⁇ ers according to claim 27 or 28 have the advantage that insulation measures on the back of the Schwarzkö ⁇ ers i.e. e.g. between the heatable cover layer and the wall.
  • insulation measures on the back of the Schwarzkö ⁇ ers i.e. e.g. between the heatable cover layer and the wall.
  • the holes claimed in claim 30 are provided, on the one hand, to enable the support plate to be fastened to the front plate and / or to the wall without the finished support plate having to be drilled afterwards.
  • the holes ensure that the temperature in the edge or corner area of the support plate is raised and thus a more balanced temperature profile over the entire width or height of the support plate compared to a support plate without holes. The use of the aforementioned holes therefore requires follow a double function.
  • the heatable cover layer can be applied directly to the front plate, omitting the support plate.
  • the front plate is expediently pre-processed (e.g. ground) and / or with a coating, i.e. Provide intermediate layer to increase the adhesiveness of the heatable top layer.
  • the surface area of the front plate which is in contact with the support plate is increased in order to increase the heating speed of the front plate. This can expediently be achieved by roughening this layer.
  • a power control is provided in such a way that when a specified temperature, in particular the operating temperature, is reached, the power supply to the cover layer drops to a power which is reduced in comparison with the heating power and the panel heater is kept at the operating temperature at the power which is supplied in a reduced manner becomes.
  • a power control is advantageous in an electrical panel heater with a front plate made of natural stone, ceramic, marble, granite or glass.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of an expedient embodiment of the panel heater according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view A of FIG. 1 on the cover layer
  • FIG. 3 shows a further plan view A according to FIG. 1 of the cover layer
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view of a further expedient embodiment of the surface heating element according to the invention, in which the heatable cover layer is provided in the outer region of the carrier plate
  • 5 shows a side view of a further expedient embodiment of the surface heating element according to the invention, in which several heatable cover layers are provided
  • Fig. 6 is a side view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Flachtropicovi ⁇ ers with a two-part, d. H. two carrier plates comprising glass plates with internal cavity,
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of an expedient embodiment of the surface heating element according to the invention, in which both the support plate and the
  • Front panel consist of glass and a cavity filled with gas, in particular with air, is provided between the two panels,
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of the configuration of the surface heating element according to FIG. 4 with simultaneous temperature indication
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of an expedient embodiment of a support plate for
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of a further expedient embodiment of the heating body according to the invention, in which the heatable cover layer is applied directly to the front plate, with the support plate being omitted,
  • Fig. 11 is a partial view of a film with finely divided graphite particles before their connection to the support plate and
  • Fig. 12 is a circuit diagram for realizing an appropriate power control.
  • an embodiment of the surface heating element according to the invention consists in the side view of a front plate 1 (e.g. made of marble) and a backing plate 2 attached to the rear behind the front plate 1 with a heatable cover layer 3 for heating the front plate 1. All components, i. H. the flat heating elements can be attached to a wall via brackets 7.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plan view A of FIG. 1 on the panel heater with removed Front plate 1 and a heat distribution 4.
  • a cover layer 3 with a uniform heat output over the entire surface of the support plate 2
  • heat areas a - d of different temperatures can be determined.
  • FIG. 2 shows a temperature curve falling towards the edge regions of the support plate 2, which is usually designated by the term “heat kidney”.
  • the cover layer 3 in the heating areas b, c and d can be successively thickened (not shown) or can be made more intensive by correspondingly increased doping, which prevents a temperature drop in these areas and ensures uniform heating of the front plate 1 over its entire surface established.
  • cover layers 3, 3 ' can be provided in the heat regions b, c and d.
  • a cutout of the cover layer 3 can be made in the heat region a (not shown in each case).
  • FIG. 3 shows a support plate 2 with a central main heating element 5 and a surrounding additional heating element 6 in the form of two cover layers which can be heated differently from one another. At low heat outputs, it may be sufficient to activate the main heating element 5 alone, without thermal stresses occurring in the front panel 1.
  • the additional heating element 6 can additionally be activated in order to achieve a uniform heating of the front plate 1, which does not decrease in the edge areas, together with the main heating element 5.
  • the main heating element 5, which is rectangular in FIG. 3 can also follow, for example, the heat distribution 4 according to FIG. 2, so that the additional heating element 6 exhibits a temperature drop in the heating areas c and d Front plate 1 counteracts (not shown).
  • the cover layer (s) 3 can be applied to the support plate 2 or front plate 1 (cf. subsequent FIG. 10) by pressure etching, baking or other steam technology processes. They are preferably covered with an insulating layer.
  • FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the front plate 1 and support plate 2 such that the heatable cover layer is arranged on the side of the support plate 2 opposite the front plate 1. Due to the use of the heatable cover layer 3, the front plate 1 and the support plate 2 can in principle be connected to one another in a simple manner via mechanical holding devices, in particular via screws 8, without the heatable cover layer 3 being adversely affected. In the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the areas on which the screws 8 are located are either recessed, i. H . not provided with a cover layer or protected by means of a washer (not shown).
  • the heatable cover layer 3 is formed in two parts, i. H. comprises a top layer as the main heating element and an additional top layer located on the top of the top layer as an additional heating element for further impairment of the performance profile.
  • the support plate 2 in two parts, d. H. is formed from two plate elements 11, 12 including a cavity 10 filled with gas, in particular air.
  • This provided with the cavity 10 Schau ⁇ latte carries at the junction of Träge ⁇ latte 2 to the front panel 1, the top layer 3. Through the cavity 10, heat radiation from the top layer 3 over the Susun is avoided to a selected area, for. B. not to heat the back of the panel heater.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the heating element according to the invention, in which both the support plate 1 and the front plate 2 are made of glass and between the support plate 2 and the front plate 1 a gas-filled, in particular air-filled cavity 9 is provided.
  • the cavity 9 is sealed off from the outside.
  • the heated cover layer 3 is located either on the side of the support plate 2 opposite the front plate 1, as shown in FIG. 7, or alternatively also in the region of the front plate, specifically on the side of the front plate 1 assigned to the support plate 2.
  • the heatable cover layer 3 is transparent.
  • the heating element described above can preferably be used in winter gardens as a surface heating element which does not impair the view to the outside.
  • FIG. 8 shows the representation of the heating body according to FIG. 4 with additional indication of the temperatures occurring during operation on the surfaces of the front plate 1 or heatable cover layer 3.
  • a carrier plate with a thickness of approximately 3 mm and a front plate 1 with a thickness of approximately 30 mm are used.
  • the temperature (approx. 52 ° C.) measured on the side of the heated cover layer 3 is significantly lower than the temperature (approx. 102 ° C.) measured on the opposite side of the carrier plate 2 and the temperature measured on the front of the front plate 1 ( approx. 90 ° C).
  • insulation measures towards the wall can be dispensed with on the free side of the heatable cover layer 3. It is only necessary to apply an electrical insulating layer (not shown) to the heatable cover layer 3.
  • FIG. 9 shows a carrier plate 2 with holes 13 arranged in the edge and corner area.
  • two opposite conductor paths 16 are provided, on which corresponding electrical connections 14, 15 are arranged.
  • an electrical potential is applied to the connections 14, 15, this leads to additional heating of the support plate 2 in the area of the hatched corner areas which lie between the respective conductor paths 16 and the holes 13 concerned. It follows from this that by using the holes 13 in the corner areas a comparatively higher temperature can be achieved in the corner areas compared to a support plate 2 without holes 13. From this it follows in turn that a more balanced temperature profile can be achieved over the entire surface of the support plate 2.
  • the heatable cover layer 3 is applied directly to the front plate 1 with the interposition of a coating 17.
  • the coating 17 serves to achieve sufficient adhesion of the cover layer 3 on the front panel 1.
  • the front plate 1 can additionally be pretreated on the corresponding side, ie in particular ground and / or polished.
  • that side which is in contact with the support plate 2 can be provided with an enlarged surface (for example by roughening) in order to increase the heating rate.
  • the cover layer comprises graphite as the conductive material, in particular in the form of finely divided graphite particles 19, as is explained in more detail in FIG. 11.
  • the graphite particles 19 are in a film 18, for. B. heat-resistant plastic film housed.
  • the film 18 with the graphite particles 19 is applied as a cover layer 3 on the support plate 2.
  • the cover layer can in this case be formed in a very simple manner in the manner already described above, in varying thicknesses or in a multilayer configuration.
  • the film expediently has a thickness in the range from 0.05 mm to 4.0 mm, in particular 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, in particular 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.
  • Fig. 12 shows the design of a control part for realizing the power control in such a way that when a specified temperature, in particular the operating temperature, is reached, the power supply to the cover layer is reduced to one power but not switched off and the panel heater is kept at operating temperature when the power is reduced.
  • the circuit has a temperature sensor Tr connected to a potentiometer P via a resistor R3.
  • the present invention is a very special enrichment of the related prior art due to the advantages of the Schuppe ⁇ ers invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément chauffant électrique de forme plate, comprenant une plaque frontale, p. ex. en pierre naturelle, céramique, marbre, granit ou verre, pourvue d'une face arrière plane, une plaque support pouvant être montée sur la face arrière de la plaque frontale, ainsi qu'un moyen de fixation permettant de fixer conjointement la plaque frontale et la plaque support à une paroi, ou un élément de piètement permettant de poser l'élément chauffant électrique en position verticale. L'invention se caractérise en ce que la plaque support (2) est constituée d'un matériau électriquement non conducteur présentant des coefficients de dilatation thermique réduits (tel que le verre ou la céramique) et en ce qu'elle présente une couche de recouvrement (3) pouvant être chauffée.
PCT/DE2003/000476 2002-02-22 2003-02-15 Element chauffant electrique de forme plate comprenant une couche de recouvrement pouvant etre chauffee WO2003073793A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20202810U DE20202810U1 (de) 2002-02-22 2002-02-22 Elektrischer Flächenheizkörper mit beheizbarer Deckschicht
DE20202810.0 2002-02-22
DE20206550U DE20206550U1 (de) 2002-04-24 2002-04-24 Elektrischer Flächenheizkörper mit beheizbarer Deckschicht II
DE20206550.2 2002-04-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003073793A2 true WO2003073793A2 (fr) 2003-09-04
WO2003073793A3 WO2003073793A3 (fr) 2003-11-13

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1599072A3 (fr) * 2004-05-17 2006-11-29 Steller, Bernd Elément chauffant ayant la forme de panneaux ou de laminés fins en plusieurs couches
EP1845752A2 (fr) * 2006-04-11 2007-10-17 ALPER srl Panneau radiant pour le réchauffement de l'environnement physique
CN102625496A (zh) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 雷彼得 片状陶瓷发热体及配方
CN103002607A (zh) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-27 吉富新能源科技(上海)有限公司 一种光伏玻璃均匀加热装置
CN106016425A (zh) * 2016-05-15 2016-10-12 夏维月 电暖器
FR3145797A1 (fr) * 2023-02-14 2024-08-16 GMERIT Holdings Ltd Corps de chauffe à inertie pour radiateur électrique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2484180A1 (en) * 1980-06-10 1981-12-11 Nauert Raymond Electric panel heater using conductive paint layer - uses 2 facing asbestos cement panels, with conductive layer in inner side and reflective layer on inside to provide heat using joule effect
DE8524589U1 (de) * 1985-08-28 1985-12-05 Aschwege, Gerd Von Heizplatte
FR2730118A3 (fr) * 1995-01-26 1996-08-02 Tulikivi Oy Element chauffant a resistance electrique
DE20115042U1 (de) * 2000-12-18 2001-12-06 Tsao, Cheng-Shang, Taipeh/T'ai-pei Temperaturkonstanthaltevorrichtung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2484180A1 (en) * 1980-06-10 1981-12-11 Nauert Raymond Electric panel heater using conductive paint layer - uses 2 facing asbestos cement panels, with conductive layer in inner side and reflective layer on inside to provide heat using joule effect
DE8524589U1 (de) * 1985-08-28 1985-12-05 Aschwege, Gerd Von Heizplatte
FR2730118A3 (fr) * 1995-01-26 1996-08-02 Tulikivi Oy Element chauffant a resistance electrique
DE20115042U1 (de) * 2000-12-18 2001-12-06 Tsao, Cheng-Shang, Taipeh/T'ai-pei Temperaturkonstanthaltevorrichtung

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1599072A3 (fr) * 2004-05-17 2006-11-29 Steller, Bernd Elément chauffant ayant la forme de panneaux ou de laminés fins en plusieurs couches
EP1845752A2 (fr) * 2006-04-11 2007-10-17 ALPER srl Panneau radiant pour le réchauffement de l'environnement physique
EP1845752A3 (fr) * 2006-04-11 2008-12-24 ALPER srl Panneau radiant pour le réchauffement de l'environnement physique
CN102625496A (zh) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 雷彼得 片状陶瓷发热体及配方
CN103002607A (zh) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-27 吉富新能源科技(上海)有限公司 一种光伏玻璃均匀加热装置
CN106016425A (zh) * 2016-05-15 2016-10-12 夏维月 电暖器
CN106016425B (zh) * 2016-05-15 2021-06-25 夏维月 电暖器
FR3145797A1 (fr) * 2023-02-14 2024-08-16 GMERIT Holdings Ltd Corps de chauffe à inertie pour radiateur électrique

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