WO2003071276A1 - Chaines colloidales irreversibles porteuses de sites de reconnaissance - Google Patents
Chaines colloidales irreversibles porteuses de sites de reconnaissance Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003071276A1 WO2003071276A1 PCT/FR2003/000557 FR0300557W WO03071276A1 WO 2003071276 A1 WO2003071276 A1 WO 2003071276A1 FR 0300557 W FR0300557 W FR 0300557W WO 03071276 A1 WO03071276 A1 WO 03071276A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
- G01N33/54326—Magnetic particles
- G01N33/5434—Magnetic particles using magnetic particle immunoreagent carriers which constitute new materials per se
Definitions
- the main object of the invention is magnetic colloidal particles organized in the form of permanent colloidal chains. It also relates to the use of these chains to detect and / or analyze specific species present in a fluid.
- the biological ligands considered are deposited or synthesized in situ in predetermined “spots” on a surface.
- Each spot has a typical surface of 100 microns by 100 microns or less, which makes it possible to have a large number of recognition sites on a limited surface, and therefore to perform a large number of molecular analyzes with a quantity of 'sample reduced and in a limited time.
- Such systems, as well as means for preparing them, are described for example in US pat. 5,744,305 (Affymetrix), Schena et al., Science, 270, 467-470, 1995.
- these chips have a sensitivity which remains insufficient for certain applications.
- the second method considered consists in fixing the analytes to be tested, using a network of microspheres arranged on a surface. According to this technique, it is possible advantageously to prepare microspheres carrying different functionalities accessible on their surface. However, the active surface of a sphere remains, of course, of the same order of magnitude as that which it occupies on the surface of the test device. Consequently, this method does not therefore allow any significant gain in terms of sensitivity.
- Magnetic microbeads have also been proposed for the analysis of oligonucleotides in a microfluidic channel. These microbeads are introduced into a channel, and retained in one place thereof by a localized magnetic field: This locally constitutes an area essentially composed of a compact stack of magnetic beads. The liquid containing the species to be analyzed is then circulated through this stack. The hybridization of these is detected by fluorescence. Thanks to the circulation of species, the kinetics are much faster than with traditional DNA “chips”. Furthermore, the system is recyclable, since by eliminating the magnetic field the balls regain their mobility. However, the concentrations of analytes used to demonstrate the principle of the method are significantly higher than those actually used in the chips, which suggests that the sensitivity is low. This can be explained in particular by the compact assembly of balls. The balls closest to the detector screen for the transmission of light to others, and it is therefore only the balls closest to the surface that effectively participate in detection.
- microspheres are also used to identify or analyze species, and in particular biological species, in different arrangements of networks arranged on a surface or in a microfluidic channel.
- magnetic sorting techniques, which can be implemented in an analytical or preparative manner.
- a liquid containing the species to be analyzed (cells, DNA, proteins) is brought into contact with magnetic particles.
- the current version of these magnetic systems consists in introducing into the initial solution magnetic beads carrying specific functions of the cells to be isolated. After fixing, the beads, and the species attached to them, are pelletized using a magnet while the supernatant is removed.
- This method is currently proposed, essentially for the binary sorting of concentrated objects. It requires then an online analysis to generate information.
- this magnetic method however has two important limitations: imperfect selectivity and a purely binary character which both require to repeat the procedures when pure species or species meeting several criteria are sought.
- the lack of selectivity finds its origin first of all in the drainage of the supernatant during the "sedimentation" of the particles, the moving beads displacing with them a part of the fluid and therefore of the surrounding biological objects. It is then necessary to take into account the problems of non-specific adhesion, the force of magnetic pressure contributing to anchor strongly to the balls any object trapped in the base.
- the present invention aims to propose a new tool for diagnosis and / or preparation, identification, analysis or dosage of species in a liquid sample, making it possible to give satisfaction both in terms of sensitivity , kinetics and reproducibility.
- the first object of the present invention is an assembly of colloidal particles in the form of one or more chains, characterized in that said chains are organized in an irreversible manner and carry at least one recognition site for a species, said site being different from the ligands involved in the linear organization of said particles.
- the term “chain of colloidal particles, or equally“ colloidal wire ”or“ colloidal chain ” means an essentially linear assembly of colloidal particles.
- Different geometric organizations of such assemblies can be used in the context of the invention.
- the colloidal chains according to the invention have an aspect ratio (ratio of length to the largest dimension of a section) significantly greater than 1, typically greater than 3, and preferably greater than 5. For many applications, significantly higher aspect ratios, of 10 or more, or even greater than 100, may however prove advantageous.
- the colloidal chains according to the invention can be relatively rigid (essentially adopting the shape of a stick), semi-rigid (capable of having a radius of curvature comparable to their length), or flexible (capable of exhibiting a radius of curvature less than their length).
- flexible chains the length in the description above is understood along the curvilinear abscissa of said chain. According to a preferred variant, they are semi-flexible or flexible.
- the section of the colloidal chains according to the invention is essentially circular. However, it can also be of any other shape, insofar as the largest dimension of this section remains smaller than the longest length of the colloidal chain by a factor of at least 3.
- colloidal particle means a compact three-dimensional object consisting of a multitude of atoms or molecules, and capable of being kept in suspension in a fluid.
- the dimensions of a colloidal particle are typically between a few tens of nanometers and a few microns, more rarely a few tens of microns.
- latex spheres, microgels or magnetic beads of micron or submicron size, nanocrystals or microcrystals constitute colloidal particles according to the invention.
- such particles are kept in suspension by the Brownian movement.
- particles giving rise to sedimentation can also be considered colloidal in the sense of the invention, provided that it is possible to resuspend them at the time of their use, for example by agitation or sonication.
- the colloidal particles used to form the chains of colloidal particles according to the invention are preferably of essentially spherical shape.
- colloidal particles can be organic, mineral or organomineral. According to a preferred variant, they are wholly or partly of an organic nature, and preferably of an organomineral nature, that is to say having both organic constituents and mineral constituents. Many types of organomineral particles are commercially available or known to those skilled in the art. They advantageously make it possible to combine properties originating from the organic part and properties originating from the mineral part, and therefore to construct colloidal chains according to the invention endowed with very diverse properties.
- the mineral part (or of the whole of the particle if it is essentially mineral), it can also be very varied, and in particular comprise metallic grains such as micro or nanoparticles of gold or silver or titanium, semiconductor metal oxides, metal oxides, carbon particles, “quantum dots” with specific fluorescence or light absorption properties, and / or dielectric or conductive materials .
- metallic grains such as micro or nanoparticles of gold or silver or titanium, semiconductor metal oxides, metal oxides, carbon particles, “quantum dots” with specific fluorescence or light absorption properties, and / or dielectric or conductive materials .
- Magnetic materials such as superparamagnetic, ferrimagnetic, ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic materials, or even conductive or semiconductor materials are very particularly suitable for the invention.
- the particles essentially consisting of silicon oxide or silica or comprising a silica shell are particularly advantageous.
- This mineral part can either be trapped in the heart of the colloidal particles constituting the colloidal chain, or present on their surface.
- a metal layer on the surface of the particles.
- this layer can be obtained by a process argentic type deposit, as is known to many in the art (see for example DNA-templated assembly and electrode attachment ofa conducting silver wire, E. Braun, Y. Eichen, U. Sivan, GY Ben-Yosph, Nature, 391, 775-778 (1998)).
- organic part it can also be very diverse, and in particular comprise, by way of example, vegetable oils, of petroleum or synthetic origin, various polymers such as derivatives of acrylamide, polystyrene, polycarbonate, crosslinked or not, and more generally all the materials used to form latexes.
- colloidal particles comprising an inorganic core, enveloped by an organic layer of polymer type such as, for example, polymers of polystyrene, polycarbonate, or derived from monomers of acrylic type such as N-isopropylacrylamide, Glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), or ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). It can also be polymethylmethacrylate.
- polymer type such as, for example, polymers of polystyrene, polycarbonate, or derived from monomers of acrylic type such as N-isopropylacrylamide, Glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), or ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). It can also be polymethylmethacrylate.
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate
- EDMA ethylene dimethacrylate
- An organic envelope is particularly advantageous insofar as it offers, via the
- reactive functions can be used as surface reactive functions. They may be, by way of example and without limitation, carboxylic, amine, alcohol, thiol functions, polymerizable functions such as double or triple bonds, in particular the allyl or acrylic functions, or alternatively polyols, hydrazines, epoxides. They can also be ligands of biological type, such as biotin, streptavidin, avidin, digoxygenin, antidigoxygenin, and more generally antibodies or antigens commonly used as grafting sites in biology or else strong binding sites for transition metals, such as "histidine cages" for nickel.
- the assemblies of colloidal particles claimed are organized linearly so as to form an irreversible chain or a set of irreversible chains of colloidal particles
- the term “irreversible” is intended to characterize the inability of the linear chains of the colloidal particles to loosen spontaneously and / or at short notice in the absence of an external field.
- chains of particles whose linear organization requires the permanent maintenance of an external, magnetic or electric field are excluded from the field of the invention.
- the cohesion between the particles can be in a preferred version, maintained by covalent links between said particles, if necessary resulting from a bridging using molecules or macromolecules.
- This covalent bond can bring into play specific interactions either directly between said particles or between particles and molecules or macromolecules, via reactive functions present on the surface of these particles.
- the reactive functions can be amine, carboxylic acid, alcohol, aldehyde, thiol, epoxide, hydrazine and / or halogen atoms.
- the constitution and the maintenance of a linear organization between the colloidal particles can also bring into play electrostatic, hydrophobic or Van der Waals interactions. It is also possible, to associate the colloidal particles with one another, to bring into play specific interactions between said particles, different from those exerted with respect to the species to be analyzed or separate, either directly or through other molecules or macromolecules.
- the claimed particle assembly carries at least one recognition site for a species, and preferably several recognition sites of at least one given type.
- recognition site is meant a molecule, an ion, a surface element, or even a specific portion of a molecule or an ion, capable of giving rise to an attractive interaction or to a chemical reaction with a particular species. or a particular category of species.
- recognition sites can be carried by the same chain or on separate chains in the case where a set of chains is implemented.
- the number of types of sites can in particular be greater than 5 or 10, or even in certain applications such as for example DNA or protein "chips", from several hundreds to several tens of thousands.
- the recognition sites characterizing the colloidal chains according to the invention can be chosen, in a privileged manner, from nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides), or their synthetic analogues (such as PNA, LNA, thiolated or methylated oligonucleotides), peptides , polypeptides, proteins, protein complexes, proteoglycans, polysaccharides. They can also be chosen from gene fragments, antibodies, antigens, enzymes or parts of enzymes, or parts of biologically active proteins, epitopes, haptens.
- the type of recognition site considered for the detection and / or assay of a species is different from the specific ligands involved for their part in the permanent organization of colloidal particles in the form of chain (s ).
- a chain of colloidal particles whose linear assembly would be ensured by the covalent coupling of a pair of ligands to the image for example of the biotin / avidin couple, and which would not otherwise be carrying at least one recognition site other than the specific ligands of the pair considered, namely in the example above biotin or avidin.
- the recognition sites present on the claimed particle chains can also be chosen from chemical functions capable of specifically recognizing other chemical species, for example by binding to them (such as, for example, crown ethers capable of binding transition metals or vice versa), or by reacting with them (like, again by way of example, trypsins or alphachymotrypsins, capable of digesting proteins). They can also be constituted by specific ligands of metals, molecular fingerprints, catalytic sites, hydrophobic groups or more generally the functionalities used in chromatography to give columns a specific affinity for certain species.
- the recognition sites present on the claimed particle chains can be chosen from compounds comprising aromatic or heterocyclic chemical functions, or sites capable of giving rise to hydrogen bonds.
- the term “species” means molecules or macromolecules, particles, atoms, ions, objects of natural or artificial organic origin, such as nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, antigens, peptides, polypeptides, haptens, polysaccharides, proteoglycans, organelles, viruses, cells, sets of cells, microorganisms, colloids. It can also be nano- or micro-particles of natural or artificial origin, organic or organomineral molecules, drugs, drugs, pollutants.
- a chain or a set of colloidal chains according to the invention carries at least two distinct types of recognition sites.
- a completely unique advantage of the colloidal chains according to the invention is that, by their linear nature, they can carry, along their skeleton, different types of recognition sites. According to a preferred and very specific variant of the invention, these different types of sites are arranged in a predetermined order (or sequence) along the colloidal chain (s) considered. Given the variety of recognition sites accessible, the ability to distinguish colloidal chains carrying the same recognition sites in a different order allows a much richer combination than traditional colloidal particles, which cannot involve sequences.
- the colloidal chains according to the invention have a better surface / volume ratio, for equal particle volume.
- the colloidal chains by attaching the colloidal chains to a flat surface and / or within a channel, there is a larger active surface compared to recognition sites deposited on a surface, and this active surface can in particular extend over several tens of microns within said channel. This aspect of the invention is discussed in more detail in the description below.
- the colloidal chains according to the invention also carry one or more identical or different markers, in particular useful for their detection.
- markers of this type are known to those skilled in the art.
- a particularly advantageous family is that of markers capable of interacting with electromagnetic radiation and, in particular, with visible, ultraviolet or infrared light, or else of emitting light under the action of a certain stimulus.
- colloidal chains according to the invention carrying molecules capable of electrochemical reactions (such as, for example, hydroquinone and its derivatives), electroluminescent effects or chemiluminescence (electroactive compounds or chemoactive).
- electrochemical reactions such as, for example, hydroquinone and its derivatives
- electroluminescent effects or chemiluminescence (electroactive compounds or chemoactive).
- a certain number of luminescent markers based on horseradish peroxidase are well known to those skilled in the art and can be used in the context of the invention.
- the colloidal chains according to the invention in contrast to traditional colloidal particles, lend themselves to a fixation of one or more markers, identical or different.
- the colloidal chains according to the invention may further carry on their surface molecules capable of avoiding non-specific adsorption phenomena.
- Such molecules are well known to those skilled in the art. They may in particular be hydrophilic polymers such as polyxyethylene, polypropylene glycol, polysaccharides and in particular dextran or else polyacrylamide, or hydrophilic polymers of acrylamide, such as "Duramide", poly-N -acryloylamino-propanol, poly-N-acryloylaminoethanol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, polydimethylacrylamide or copolymers of dimethylacrylamide and allyl-glycidyl ether.
- Such polymers can be grafted onto the surface of the colloidal chains according to the invention either during the preparation of the initial particles, or after the formation of said chains, using reactive functions integrated into the surface of said particles, or by direct adsorption.
- the sets of colloidal chains characterized in that they are distributed in several colloidal chains, each chain carrying a given type of recognition sites or reactive function and if necessary at least a given type of marker.
- the colloidal chains in said assembly have a polydispersity in length of less than 1.5, and preferably less than 1.2. Polydispersities are understood as mass averages.
- the length of the colloidal chains it is possible to use the length of the colloidal chains, as a criterion for differentiating between two subfamilies, and therefore to use, within a set of colloidal chains, several subfamilies of colloidal chains of different lengths, and essentially without overlapping of the size distribution between the different sub-families.
- a correlation is established between the size of a colloidal chain and the type or types of recognition sites which it carries.
- a second object of the invention is a process useful for preparing an assembly of colloidal particles as claimed, characterized in that it comprises at least:
- this contact consists in migrating said agent in the vicinity of said objects.
- the first step can be carried out by applying, temporarily or permanently, to the colloidal particles an electric or magnetic field.
- the superparamagnetic particles are particularly advantageous.
- the field used to align the colloidal particles is essentially uniform and perpendicular to said faces.
- the field is parallel to the axis of the channel in which the alignment is carried out or perpendicular both to this axis and to the smallest dimension of its section, if it is a parallelepiped channel.
- a first protocol consists in stabilizing colloidal superparamagnetic particles with a bridging agent of the polymer type, and in particular a polyelectrolyte, for example of the polyacrylic acid type.
- a bridging agent of the polymer type and in particular a polyelectrolyte, for example of the polyacrylic acid type.
- the particles exhibit short-range steric repulsion due to the polymer chains.
- certain chains can cross this steric barrier, and come to effect a bridging between the particles, which make their association essentially irreversible or at least with a very long lifespan.
- An advantage of 0 polyelectrolytes, in addition to their ability to interact strongly with particles of opposite charge, is that they can be brought into contact with the colloidal chains via an electric field.
- a second protocol involves assembling the particles in columns using an external field within a cell having a semi-permeable wall and the diffusion, through this wall, of a chemical agent capable of crosslinking the particles between them. It is also possible to use particles which bind together irreversibly under the simple action of an external field, and without the need to involve adjuvant molecules. Examples of this embodiment are given in Examples 8 and 9. This cohesion is interpreted as the consequence of hydrophobic interactions between the particles, which can come into play after crossing a barrier of repulsive potential under the action of the external field.
- the alignment of the particles can be made irreversible by using electrostatic interactions: we can, for example, organize in a magnetic field negatively charged magnetic particles (for example, carboxylated) into filaments, then put them in the presence of polycations (for example, using an electric field moving them in the opposite direction): polycations, such as, for example, poly-lysine or poly-histidine, bind to the particles and bridge them irreversibly, effecting a "Charge inversion" which transforms the anionic reversible chain into a cationic irreversible chain. Examples of such modes of implementation are given in Example 12. The process can be repeated with a polyanion, such as polyacrylic or polyglutamic acid, which performs a second charge reversal.
- a polyanion such as polyacrylic or polyglutamic acid
- this second charge inversion can be obtained with a nucleic acid, which will play the role of recognition site at the same time, and will therefore transform the simple irreversible colloidal chain into the colloidal chain according to the invention, that is to say carrying sites of recognition.
- a nucleic acid which will play the role of recognition site at the same time, and will therefore transform the simple irreversible colloidal chain into the colloidal chain according to the invention, that is to say carrying sites of recognition.
- the claimed method comprises at least:
- a photochemical reaction can also be used indirectly.
- a mixture of magnetic colloidal particles carrying carboxylic functions, polyamine chains in neutral form (for example, poly-lysine at a pH greater than 10.2), and orthonitrobenzyl or more generally may be constituted.
- compounds comprising nitro or nitroso groups see for example H. Morrisson, The chemistry of the Nitro and Nitroso groups, Feuer H. Ed., Interscience, New York, 1969, part I, chapter 4, or R. Bressauer, JP , Paris, in Advances in Photochemistry, WA Noys, GS Hammond, JN Pitts binds, Interscience, New York, 1963, p. 275, or, RW Yip et al., J. Phys.
- the claimed process can be implemented in a microfluidic cell comprising, in addition to a channel 1, in which the assembly of the colloidal particles or their functionalization takes place, one or more additional supply channels.
- the organization of the colloidal particles in a chain can be carried out on particles previously carrying recognition sites and / or identical or different markers, as in Example 8 or, on the contrary, on non-functionalized particles, as in the examples 6 and 7.
- the different particles carrying identical or different recognition sites and / or identical or different markers are organized to constitute said linear objects in a predetermined order.
- the particles organized in linear chains are provided with recognition sites and possibly with markers after constitution of said objects.
- colloidal particles used for the separation of the colloidal chains naturally have the specificities discussed above.
- the third object of the invention is a surface element carrying a linear assembly of colloidal particles according to the invention.
- the extension of these colloidal chains above the surface makes it possible to significantly increase, on the one hand, the specific surface for recognition and, on the other hand, the volume of supernatant solution brought into contact with the targets.
- the active area of said colloidal chains is greater than the area of the surface element carrying said chains and, preferably, by a factor of at least 4.
- the specific surface is 12 square micrometers per square micrometer of projected surface.
- the colloidal chains are fixed to the surface by one of their ends.
- This fixation can be obtained by creating a covalent bond between the chains and the surface, by bridging with molecules or macromolecules and / or by electrostatic, hydrophobic or Van der Waals interactions.
- We can also envisage specific interactions, different from those between recognition sites and species.
- a “colloidal brush” is formed.
- An example of such a surface is given in Example 5.
- This brush can be actively extended within the supernatant solution, for example by applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the "chip” if the chains have magnetic materials.
- the surface comprises at least two distinct domains comprising colloidal chains carrying different recognition sites.
- Various methods can be used to form load-bearing surfaces of a linear assembly according to the invention.
- these methods must include the following steps: - grafting on colloid chains or on at least some of the particles constituting said chains, of recognition sites, and
- the step of fixing the colloidal chains to the surface is done in the presence of an external field capable of aligning said chains.
- an electric field could be used for this purpose.
- they carry a magnetic dipole moment or a magnetic polarizability we can use a magnetic field.
- said field has a multiplicity of local gradients, which direct the chains to predetermined locations on the surface.
- these methods can also include a step of incorporating markers into said chains.
- the grafting on the surface can be prior, simultaneous or posterior to the establishment of the recognition sites, posterior, simultaneous or prior to the establishment of the markers.
- the placement of markers, if this option is chosen, may be later, simultaneous or earlier than that of the recognition sites.
- the assembly of the colloidal particles into chains can be prior to or simultaneous with the grafting of these onto the surface.
- the second option is preferred, as it decreases the number of steps required to obtain the final surface.
- the invention also relates to a hybridization network comprising a surface element carrying colloidal chains according to the invention.
- This network can be low density, medium density or high density.
- These networks Hybridization deposited on a surface are generally designated by the name of "DNA chips”, “oligonucleotide chips” or “protein chips”.
- the chains are grouped on the surface element considered in a multiplicity of distinct domains.
- said domains occupy predetermined or identifiable positions on said surface.
- at least two distinct domains comprise colloidal threads carrying different recognition sites.
- the “chips” made from colloidal chains according to the invention have many advantages over traditional chips: on the one hand, their specific surface is increased, which increases the sensitivity, in particular in the event of competition with ligands not specific.
- the sample volume, and therefore the number of species contained in the sample placed in the immediate vicinity of the recognition sites, is also considerably increased, which increases the kinetics and the sensitivity.
- magnetic colloidal chains or more generally of colloidal chains sensitive to an external field it is possible to agitate these colloidal chains with respect to the surrounding medium, for example by subjecting them to an oscillating, magnetic or electric external field , which accelerates the kinetics of hybridization.
- colloidal chains according to the invention of the type of those sensitive to an external field, also makes it possible to obtain more reproducible networks: in fact, the colloidal chains can be calibrated in length, and their physical properties of self -organization impose a regular and predefined distribution on the whole surface of the domain.
- the grafting of the recognition sites onto the filaments being carried out in “batch”, it can be better controlled than in the case of deposition or Traditional "spotting”, and can be subject to quality control before depositing on the surface.
- microfluidic cell is meant a device comprising a channel or a set of channels, one of the dimensions of which is between 100 nm and 1 mm, and which allows the transport of fluids.
- said chains are organized within the channel into a multiplicity of distinct domains.
- said chains are fixed to one of the faces of the channel.
- the colloidal chains according to the invention can also be used in a chromatography, electrochromatography or affinity electrophoresis device in particular in order to act there as a separation matrix.
- the analyzes contained in a sample are introduced into said device. These analyzes are transported there within a channel, by an appropriate field (pressure field for chromatography, electric field for electrophoresis or electrochromatography).
- the different analytes interact differently with the recognition sites present on the colloidal chains, and are therefore retained or more or less delayed. It is then possible to detect, by means well known to those skilled in the art (such as fluorescence, UV absorption, refractometry, electrochemistry, etc.), the different analytes after or during their passage between the colloid chains.
- the differences in passage time provide information on the different affinities of the analytes with the colloid chains and, if necessary, on their nature. This method is particularly well suited to microfluidic systems, because of the most common dimensions of the colloidal chains according to the invention, in the micronic range.
- the colloid chains according to the invention can be used as "microreactors".
- the recognition sites are catalytic sites, which make it possible to activate reactions with a very large surface / volume ratio.
- the colloidal chains can for example be easily recovered by centrifugation or by magnetic sorting, and thus offer a good compromise between the dissolved catalysts, which offer a very good dispersion but are difficult to recover, and the solid catalysts , which are easy to recycle by washing but little dispersed.
- An exemplary embodiment of a microreactor based on colloidal chains according to the invention is given in Example 13.
- the claimed colloidal chains used as microreactors are attached to a surface, which makes it possible to exchange the reagents and to collect the reaction products as easily as with a solid catalyst, but with mobility and much greater dispersion of reconnaissance sites.
- the colloid chains according to the invention are also advantageous for applications of combinatorial chemistry.
- colloidal chains carrying enzymes as catalysts are particularly advantageous for combinatorial chemistry or diagnosis.
- the subject of the invention is also a micro-container or molecular recognition device, comprising colloidal chains according to the invention or a surface carrying such colloidal chains.
- the colloidal chains according to the invention prove to be particularly advantageous for a large number of applications, such as the analysis, isolation and / or preparation of species.
- the present invention also relates to a method of diagnosis and / or analysis, separation, purification, assay or ex vivo identification of at least one species, using at least one particle assembly as claimed.
- the species considered are those identified previously. These diagnostic and / or analysis methods can in particular be implemented according to the protocol comprising at least the steps consisting in: a) implementing an assembly of colloidal particles within a channel or a container; b) bringing said assembly into contact with at least one species to be detected, separated and / or measured; and c) implementing means for detecting the possible hybridization of the species considered with said assembly.
- the process further comprises a washing step during which certain products contained in the sample and which have not hybridized with the chains are eliminated or during which the products which have reacted with said chains are recovered.
- hybridization means any interaction in which a species specifically binds with a recognition site.
- the chains of colloidal particles can be arranged in the form of distinct zones composed of several chains within a channel or a surface.
- the zone containing said colloidal chains is generally crossed by a fluid containing at least one species to be analyzed.
- the invention is particularly advantageous for this type of operation: in fact, during washing, the colloidal chains can lie down and thus offer very little resistance to flow, allowing easy and rapid washing. As soon as the flow stops, they can straighten (this straightening can optionally be activated by a magnetic field, if the colloidal chains are magnetic) and occupy a large volume again. It is thus possible to combine the ease of washing open tubes, with the density of sites obtained with gels, but without the high resistance to flow which these present.
- step c it is preferable to use fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence, light absorption, surface plasmon resonance, radioactivity. It is also possible to use a detection method involving a current measurement, for example in one or more circuits included in the molecular recognition device, in the vicinity of the colloidal chains. This latter variant is particularly suited to the case of colloidal chains conducting the current, or to those involving recognition sites capable of leading to products detectable by an electrochemical reaction or a cyclic amperometry method. One can also use one or more elements sensitive to the magnetic field or a change in magnetic field. This latter variant is particularly suitable for colloidal chains endowed with magnetic properties.
- the detection can be carried out in situ, within the channel or the container in which the hybridization takes place or more generally the interaction between certain species contained in a fluid and the recognition sites carried by the colloidal chains according to the invention.
- this detection can be carried out in another device, after the hybridization or interaction phase.
- the hybridization networks in accordance with the invention can be used in a manner comparable to conventional “DNA chips” or “protein chips”, by first carrying out the hybridization in a hybridization chamber, then by performing detection in a chip reader.
- these can be organized in relatively compact zones (typically circular) or "spots", or on the contrary in bands, within a channel or on a surface.
- the colloidal chains according to the invention can be used for diagnosis; research and / or preparation of molecules or macromolecules, particles, atoms, ions, objects of natural or artificial organic origin, such as biologically active species such as nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, peptides, polypeptides, polysaccharides, proteoglycans, organelles, cancer cells, rare cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, cells for prenatal diagnosis, GMOs, pathogenic cells, viruses, antibodies, microorganisms; the search for chemical active ingredients such as toxic products, drugs, pollutants; recognition of plant animal varieties or microorganisms; detection of mutations; the search for allergies; genotyping; the search for genes involved in diseases; research and / or preparation of reaction products from combinatorial chemistry protocols.
- biologically active species such as nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, peptides, polypeptides, polysaccharides, proteoglycans, organelles, cancer cells, rare cells, epithelial
- Figure 1 a Example of colloidal chains of the flexible “pearl necklace” type bridged with polyacrylic acid, irreversibly from magnetic particles of average diameter 1, 3 micrometers plus or minus 0.3 micrometers, prepared according to the protocol described in example 1.
- Figure 1b Example of rigid colloidal chains of the “column” type and semi-flexible colloidal chains of the “pearl necklace” type, bridged by polyacrylic acid, irreversibly from magnetic particles of diameter 1.3 micrometers plus or minus 0.3 micrometers, prepared according to the protocol described in Example 1.
- Figure 1 c Example of semi-flexible colloidal chains of the monodisperse “pearl necklace” type 70 micrometers long, irreversibly organized, according to the protocol described in Example 2.
- Figure 2a Example of colloidal chains bridged with poly-lysine, prepared according to Example 3.
- Figure 2b Example of colloidal chains bridged by poly-lysine and attached to a surface by their ends, prepared according to Example 4.
- Figure 3 Example of colloidal chains carrying DNA molecules: a / chains carrying a DNA molecule per chain on average, prepared according to Example 6; b: colloidal chain carrying a uniform cover of “Phi X 174” DNA, prepared according to Example 7.
- FIG. 4 Colloidal chains carrying antibodies: a / colloidal chains carrying antibodies "anti-mouse", prepared according to Example 8; b / colloidal chains prepared from beads of 1 micrometer in diameter, carrying streptavidin, prepared according to Example 9a;
- Figure 5 Protease enzymatic activity of an assembly of colloidal particles according to the invention, prepared according to Example 13 and carrying trypsin recognition sites.
- FIG. 6 Capture of erythrocyte cells carrying a biotin site within a microchannel comprising a surface carrying assemblies of colloidal particles according to the invention carrying streptavidin recognition sites prepared according to Example 14.
- Example 1
- a / Magnetic beads are prepared consisting of an inverse ferrofluid emulsion based on Octane (Rhône Poulenc), stabilized in water with sodium dodecyl sulfate, according to the protocol described in "Emulsions: theory and practice ", Becher, P., Rheinhold, New York, 1965).
- a particle size of 1.3 microns plus or minus 0.3 microns is selected by fractional crystallization, according to the protocol described in Bibette, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 147, 474. (1991).
- commercially available magnetic particles can be used directly, such as those distributed by the companies Bangs Laboratoires, Estapor, Merck, Eurolab, Prolabo, Uptima or Polysciences.
- the emulsion is washed several times (at least 5 times) with a solution of Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate or NP10 (Sigma Aldrich) at 0.1%. Washing is conveniently carried out by collecting the magnetic drops at the bottom of the container with a magnet, replacing the supernatant with the washing solution, and shaking vigorously (it is possible to use sonication in the event of slight aggregation of the particles) after having removed the magnet. The operation is repeated as many times as necessary. At the end of the washing, an amount of NP10 solution is added in order to reach a particle concentration of the order of 0.1% by volume fraction.
- NP10 Sigma Aldrich
- step d instead of using a test tube, the solution is introduced into a channel of uniform thickness 100 micrometers, prepared by molding polydimethylsiloxane according to Xia, Y. Xia, GM Whitesides, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37, 550 (1998), then a magnetic field of 50 mT is applied, perpendicular to the thickness of the channel. After removal of the magnetic field, semi-flexible chains of uniform length equal to the thickness of the channel (70 micrometers) are obtained (see FIG. 1c) (observation conditions identical to those of Example 1).
- Example 3 Example 3:
- a / Magnetic particles are prepared according to a / of Example 1.
- Poly-L-lysine (0.1% w / v Sigma Aldrich solution) is introduced, by electrophoresis, into the channel.
- poly-L-lysine is introduced so that its concentration in the channel is 0.05% wt.
- two electrodes are placed in two reservoirs located at the ends of the channel.
- the poly-lysine is introduced in the form of a solution into one of the reservoirs, and the electrode situated in this reservoir is brought to a positive potential with respect to that of the electrode situated in the other reservoir, so as to maintain within from the channel an electric field of a few V / cm.
- Irreversible colloidal chains such as those observed in Figure 2a are obtained.
- a / Magnetic particles are prepared or obtained as in step a of Example 1.
- b / The emulsion is washed several times (at least 5 times) with a solution of Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate or NP10 (Sigma Aldrich) at 0.1%. Washing is conveniently carried out by collecting the magnetic drops at the bottom of the container with a magnet, replacing the supernatant with the washing solution, and shaking vigorously (it is possible to use sonication in the event of slight aggregation of the particles) after having removed the magnet. The operation is repeated as many times as necessary. At the end of the washing, an amount of NP10 solution is added in order to reach a particle concentration of the order of 5% by volume fraction.
- the continuous phase is replaced by a mixture consisting of NP10 0.1% wt, poly-L-lysine 0.89% wt.
- the magnetic beads are collected at the bottom of the tube using a magnet and the supernatant is removed, which is replaced by the desired mixture.
- the emulsion is introduced into a channel.
- a magnetic field of 50 mT is applied, perpendicular to the thickness of the channel. After removing the magnetic field, a brush of calibrated chains is obtained attached to the bottom wall of the channel.
- a / Magnetic particles are prepared or obtained as in step a of Example 1.
- a channel of uniform thickness is prepared, by molding of polydimethylsiloxane according to Xia, Y. Xia, GM Whitesides, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37, 550 (1998).
- This channel is filled with a solution of polydimethylacrylamide at 0.15% by mass, and allowed to incubate for 40 min.
- c / The channel is rinsed with a solution of Triton X405 at 2.1 g / L, then it is filled with the suspension of magnetic particles, prepared in a.
- the channel is placed in the center of a coil, and after balancing the pressures at the ends of the channel in order to avoid parasitic flows, a sufficient magnetic field is applied to create the columns (of the order of one to a few tens of mT), perpendicular to the thickness of the channel. The field is maintained for one hour.
- the colloid chains appear dark, and the DNAs are labeled with a fluorescent marker (YOYO-1, Molecular Probes; a YOYO molecule for ten base pairs) appear in clear (measurement carried out by epifluorescence on a Zeiss Axiovert 100 microscope equipped with a mercury lamp for excitation and a 100X objective).
- a fluorescent marker YOYO-1, Molecular Probes; a YOYO molecule for ten base pairs
- Example 6 The procedure is as in Example 6, but using a different nature and concentration of DNA for step c.
- a mixture of short “PhiX 174” type DNAs ( ⁇ X 174 RF DNA / Hae III Fragments; Gibco BRL) is used.
- the DNA concentration is 0.5 ⁇ g / mL, that of the poly-L-lysine is 0.002% wt.
- the colloidal chains are then washed, pelletizing them in a tube using a magnet, and replacing the supernatant with a solution identical to that used in b of Example 6.
- the conditions of observation are the same as for Example 6, and lead to colloidal chains uniformly covered with DNA (Fig. 3b)
- a / A microfluidic device comprising a channel of uniform thickness, by molding of polydimethylsiloxane according to Xia, Y. Xia, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37, 550 (1998).
- Uptibeads anti-mouse beads (0.3 ⁇ m; Uptima), at the concentration of the original solution as sold by the manufacturer, are sonicated to undo the aggregates present in the initial sample, and introduced into the channel of the microfluidic device prepared in a.
- This device is itself placed in the center of a coil so as to create within the channel a substantially uniform magnetic field oriented along its thickness.
- the device surrounded by its coil is placed on an AXIOVERT 100 Zeiss microscopy, and viewed using a 100X, 1.3 immersion objective. and a Cohu CCD camera.
- a magnetic field of 50 mTesIa is applied. When the magnetic field is eliminated, the particles remain grouped in the form of columns fixed to the lower surface of the channel by one of their ends, and which can rotate and orient themselves randomly around their fixing point (figure a).
- HEMA-co-EDMA particles are prepared by emulsion polymerization, then activated with hydrazine, according to the protocol described in Horak et al., Biotechnol. Progr., 15 (1999).
- the oxidase activity is measured using a test based on the oxidation of D-galactose, as described in Avidad et al., J. Biol. Chem., 237, 2736 (1962)).
- the unreacted hydrazine groups are then blocked by incubating the particles in a 0.2 M acetaldehyde solution in 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 5.5 for 24 h. Finally, the particles are balanced in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution, pH6, 2 mM CuSO4.
- a solution of colloidal magnetic particles is prepared, for example HEMA-co-EDMA particles prepared according to Horak et al., Botechnol. Progr., 15 (1999), or Ademtech particles.
- the unreacted hydrazine groups are then blocked by incubating the particles in a 0.2 M acetaldehyde solution in 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 5.5 for 24 h. Finally, the colloid chains are balanced in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution, pH6, 2 mM CuSO4.
- the oxidase activity is demonstrated by spectrophotometric measurement using a test based on the oxidation of D-galactose, as described in Avidad et al., J. Biol. Chem., 237, 2736 (1962).
- Magnetic particle chains are prepared according to Example 1.
- the chains are rinsed and then resuspended in a phosphate buffer pH 7.3, added with Nonyl Phenol in an amount of 1 mg of magnetic particles in 400 microliters of buffer (solution A).
- the chains are sedimented delicately, keeping the magnet at least 2 cm from the tube.
- the trypsin is then immobilized according to a protocol derived from that described in the work by Greg T. Hermanson "Bioconjugate Techniques" 1996, Académie Press, London.
- a solution B of 30 mg of ethylene carbodiimide (EDC) in 500 microliters of phosphate buffer pH 7.3 is also prepared.
- a solution C of 5 mg of S-NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) in 400 microliters of phosphate buffer pH 7.3 is also prepared.
- a solution D is prepared: 7.5 mg of TPCK trypsin is dissolved in 50 microliters of phosphate buffer pH7, add 5 microliters of a benzamidine solution at 16 micrograms per milliliter
- Solution D is immediately added to solution A, without a magnetic field and with gentle agitation with a Gilson pipette, the tip of the cone of which has been cut to reduce shearing.
- Solution B is then added, followed by solution C, still with gentle agitation. It is left to incubate for 3 hours, then the solution is washed by 2 or 3 exchanges of buffer with a phosphate buffer pH 7.3 Nonyl phenol identical to that of solution A. For sedimentation, the procedure is carried out as described for the preparation of the solution A.
- the trypsin activity is measured using a colorimetric test according to the protocol described in H. F. Gaertner and A.J. Puigserver, Enzyme Micro. Technol. 14, 150 (1992) and P.S. Gravet et al. Int. Biochem. 23, 1085 (1991).
- BAPNA benzoyl-arginine p-nitroaniline HCI
- a brush of colloidal chains carrying streptavidin functions is prepared as described in Example 9.
- b / human red blood cells are marked with biotin according to the following protocol:
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP03720626A EP1476754A1 (fr) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-02-19 | Chaines colloidales irreversibles porteuses de sites de reconnaissance |
CA002476036A CA2476036A1 (fr) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-02-19 | Chaines colloidales irreversibles porteuses de sites de reconnaissance |
AU2003224206A AU2003224206A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-02-19 | Irreversible colloidal chains with recognition sites |
JP2003570128A JP2005517957A (ja) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-02-19 | 認識部位を有する不可逆コロイド鎖 |
US10/504,776 US20050158723A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-02-19 | Irreversible colloidal chanis with recognition sites |
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FR02/02231 | 2002-02-21 | ||
FR0202231A FR2836066B1 (fr) | 2002-02-21 | 2002-02-21 | Chaines colloidales irreversibles porteuses de sites de reconnaissance, leur procede de preparation et application a des fins de detection d'especes |
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WO2003071276A1 true WO2003071276A1 (fr) | 2003-08-28 |
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PCT/FR2003/000557 WO2003071276A1 (fr) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-02-19 | Chaines colloidales irreversibles porteuses de sites de reconnaissance |
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US (1) | US20050158723A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1476754A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2005517957A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003224206A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2476036A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2836066B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003071276A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006038456A1 (fr) | 2004-09-14 | 2006-04-13 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Construction de biomatériau, procédé de fabrication de ladite construction, support de biomatériau, procédé de purification de substance objet, conteneur pour chromatographie d’affinité, puce de séparation, procédé d’analyse de substance objet |
CN109884208A (zh) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-14 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 超高效液相色谱-pda联用检测4-壬基酚乙氧基化物的方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
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JP5148818B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-11 | 2013-02-20 | 三菱化学メディエンス株式会社 | 新規固相担体及びその利用 |
JP4866112B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-27 | 2012-02-01 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 生体物質構造体及び生体物質構造体の製造方法、並びに、生体物質担持体、対象物質の精製方法、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー用容器、分離用チップ、対象物質の解析方法、対象物質の解析用分離装置、及び、センサーチップ |
JP2007101520A (ja) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-04-19 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 生体物質複合体、並びに、生体物質複合体担持体、対象物質の精製方法、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー用容器、分離用チップ、対象物質の解析方法、対象物質の解析用分離装置及びセンサーチップ |
JP2007139587A (ja) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-06-07 | Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research | 物質固定化剤、物質固定化方法および物質固定化基板 |
DE102006047103A1 (de) | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-03 | Siemens Ag | Pulver für Kaltgasspritzverfahren |
CN103204966B (zh) * | 2013-04-11 | 2015-06-10 | 江苏大学 | 乳液聚合制备磁性/中空双壳层印迹吸附剂的方法 |
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DE3882310T2 (de) * | 1987-09-18 | 1994-01-27 | Eastman Kodak Co | Polymerteilchen, auf die Gelatine aufgepfropft ist. |
US5575940A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1996-11-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Inverse limited coalescence process |
US5356782A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-10-18 | Boehringer Mannheim Corporation | Analytical test apparatus with on board negative and positive control |
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US20020048760A1 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2002-04-25 | Hyseq, Inc. | Use of mismatch cleavage to detect complementary probes |
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2003
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- 2003-02-19 JP JP2003570128A patent/JP2005517957A/ja active Pending
- 2003-02-19 US US10/504,776 patent/US20050158723A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-19 WO PCT/FR2003/000557 patent/WO2003071276A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-02-19 EP EP03720626A patent/EP1476754A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-02-19 CA CA002476036A patent/CA2476036A1/fr not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (8)
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WO2006038456A1 (fr) | 2004-09-14 | 2006-04-13 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Construction de biomatériau, procédé de fabrication de ladite construction, support de biomatériau, procédé de purification de substance objet, conteneur pour chromatographie d’affinité, puce de séparation, procédé d’analyse de substance objet |
EP1813946A1 (fr) * | 2004-09-14 | 2007-08-01 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Construction de biomatériau, procédé de fabrication de ladite construction, support de biomatériau, procédé de purification de substance objet, conteneur pour chromatographie d'affinité, puce de séparation, procédé d'analyse de substance objet |
EP1813946A4 (fr) * | 2004-09-14 | 2009-01-28 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Construction de biomatériau, procédé de fabrication de ladite construction, support de biomatériau, procédé de purification de substance objet, conteneur pour chromatographie d'affinité, puce de séparation, procédé d'analyse de substance objet |
EP2339342A3 (fr) * | 2004-09-14 | 2011-11-30 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Biomatériau, procédé de fabrication et applications de celui-ci |
US8183057B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2012-05-22 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Biomaterial construct, its producing method, biomaterial support, target material purifying method, affinity chromatography container, separation chip, analyzing method and analyzing separator for target material, biomaterial complex, and its support, sensor chip, solid support with biomaterial fixed thereon |
CN101019027B (zh) * | 2004-09-14 | 2012-09-26 | 三菱化学美迪恩斯株式会社 | 生物材料结构体、其制造方法及应用 |
US9297800B2 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2016-03-29 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Biomaterial construct, its producing method, biomaterial support, target material purifying method, affinity chromatography container, separation chip, analyzing method and analyzing separator for target material, biomaterial complex, and its support, sensor chip, solid support with biomaterial fixed thereon |
CN109884208A (zh) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-14 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 超高效液相色谱-pda联用检测4-壬基酚乙氧基化物的方法 |
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JP2005517957A (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
CA2476036A1 (fr) | 2003-08-28 |
AU2003224206A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
EP1476754A1 (fr) | 2004-11-17 |
FR2836066A1 (fr) | 2003-08-22 |
FR2836066B1 (fr) | 2004-11-26 |
US20050158723A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
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