Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
  • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
  • G03G7/002—Organic components thereof
  • G03G7/0026—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
  • G03G7/0046—Organic components thereof being macromolecular obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
  • B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
  • B41M5/5254—Macromolecular coatings characterised by the use of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
  • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
  • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
  • G03G7/002—Organic components thereof
  • G03G7/0026—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
  • G03G7/004—Organic components thereof being macromolecular obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
  • Y10T428/24901—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material including coloring matter
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24934—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including paper layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
  • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
  • Y10T428/266—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension of base or substrate
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]
  • Y10T428/273—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.] of coating
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]
  • Y10T428/273—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.] of coating
  • Y10T428/277—Cellulosic substrate
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/3188—Next to cellulosic
  • Y10T428/31895—Paper or wood
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/3188—Next to cellulosic
  • Y10T428/31895—Paper or wood
  • Y10T428/31899—Addition polymer of hydrocarbon[s] only
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
  • Y10T428/31993—Of paper

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a digital printing method, in which the surface of paper or board is charged electrically, toner particles are brought to the surface in an electric field in accordance with the printing, and the particles are fused to the surface with the help of heat for forming the printing.
• the invention relates to a polymer-coated paper or board applicable to the method, and to the use of selected polymers in the coating.
• Digital printing is known as a technique, and it is widely used, among others, in col- our printing, copying machines and printers.
• the application EP 629930 discloses a digital printing technique, with which a multi-colour printing is achievable on one side or both sides of a moving paper web.
• the different shares of the printing are produced in successive printing stations along the path of the web, the printing stations being arranged to operate in a synchronised way.
• Each station comprises a ro- tating drum, with an accumulator installed on its periphery, producing a uniform electric charge to the surface of the drum.
• the accumulator On the periphery of the drum, the accumulator is followed by a printhead, such as a laser scanner, which forms a latent image to the surface of the drum by selectively changing the charge of the drum surface, the latent image being then developed in a developing station, in which oppo- site signed toner particles are brought to the surface of the drum in accordance with the image.
• a printhead such as a laser scanner
• the latent image being then developed in a developing station, in which oppo- site signed toner particles are brought to the surface of the drum in accordance with the image.
• a corona transfer assembly has been installed on the opposite side of the web, the elec- trie current directed through which forming an electric field, which draws the electrically charged toner particles from the surface of the drum to the surface of the paper web.
• an alternating-current corona apparatus which eliminates the charges of the web and allows it to separate from the surface of the drum.
• the surface of the drum is then pre-charged by the corona apparatus and cleaned from the toner particles possibly remaining on it, after which the surface is ready for a new printing cycle, which may as well be identical with the previous cycle as be different from it.
• Black-and-white printing can be produced on the one side of the paper in one single printing station using black toner in a way disclosed above.
• multi-colour printing the different toners are brought to the paper in several successive printing stations, which operate with different colours, adding them to the printing to be generated to the moving web on at a time.
• the printing of both sides of the paper can still be achieved by placing printing stations of the type disclosed above to both sides of the moving paper web.
• the printing consisting of one or more toners is produced onto the paper as disclosed above
• the printing is fixed in a fixing station located on the path of the web.
• the fixing is performed using infrared radiators, which heat the surface of the web so that polymeric toner particles melt fast to the paper.
• the finished printed web is cut to sheets, which are piled or stitched, according to the need of any given time.
• the printing is performed onto a polymer coated paper or board, in which the coating contains electrically chargeable acrylate copolymer of ethylene, by charging the surface of paper or board electrically, by bringing toner particles to the surface in an electric field in accordance with the printing, and by directing infrared radiation to the points of printing on the surface, the infrared radiation fusing the toner fast to the polymer coating with the help of heat.
• Electrically chargeable acrylate copolymers of ethylene applicable in the invention are especially ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA), and ethyl butyl acryl (EBA) and ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA) copolymers, which have similar characteristics as EMA.
• EMA ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer
• EBA ethyl butyl acryl
• EAA ethylene ethyl acrylate
• the advantages of electrically chargeable acrylate copolymers of ethylene as the coating polymer of paper or board to be printed are their extrudability and adhesiveness both to paper and board and to other extrudable polymers generally used in the coating of packaging boards.
• a digitally printable polymer layer can thus be part of the multi-layer coating to be extruded onto paper or board.
• the polymers used, such as EMA, EEA and EBA, are also heat-sealing, so also in this respect, they are suitable as the surface layer of a board to be used for sealable packages. Further, it has been observed that the EMA surface does not be- come matted when fixing the toner particles by IR radiation.
• protective lacquer can be spread onto the printing surfaces, with the exception of areas to be heat sealed, the protective lacquer adhering smoothly to the ethylene copolymers.
• EMA is manufactured by copolymerisation of ethylene and methyl acrylate mono- mers, the share of the latter in commercial EMA products being between 9 - 20 mole per cent. As the share of methyl acrylate increases, the impression improves, but at the same time, the polymer becomes softer and more viscous. As the EMA layer is brought to the surface of paper or board, the share of methyl acrylate monomer in EMA is preferably between 15 - 20 mole per cent, and most preferably approx. 15 mole per cent, in which case paper or board can be rolled without adhesion problems caused by the coating.
• the fibre base has one or more coating layers so that, for the essential part, the upper- most layer consists of an acrylate copolymer of ethylene, especially ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA).
• EMA ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer
• the polymer layer on paper or board is either pure commercially available EMA, or only small amounts of other components (below 10% and, more preferably, below 5%) have been mixed with it, which do not substantially influence the charging of the polymer in corona treatment nor the quality of the digital print.
• a simple and advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the polymer coating on the fibre base of paper or board only comprises one EMA layer.
• a coating layer can also be located only on one side of paper or board.
• digitally printed box packages for demanding purposes such as packages for cosmetics or other luxury products, can be manufactured of such a simple coated packaging board.
• One-side polymer coating renders such dry packages a sufficient protection against wetting from the outside.
• the paper or board of the invention coated with EMA on both sides, is again suit- able, for example, for multi-colour printed advertising leaflets, brochures or cards.
• EMA due to its adhesiveness, EMA can also be part of a multi-layer coating brought onto paper or board, in which, in addition to digital printability, also water vapour and oxygen barrier especially required from food packages, or as good heat-sealability as possible, has been searched for.
• the other layers of the coating can consist of barrier polymers, such as ethyl vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) or polyamide (PA), or low-density polyethylene (LDPE) used especially as heat-sealing polymer, or polypropylene (PP).
• barrier polymers such as ethyl vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) or polyamide (PA), or low-density polyethylene (LDPE) used especially as heat-sealing polymer, or polypropylene (PP).
• EVOH and PA layers are most preferably located against the board below the EMA layer, as again the LDPE layer is located on the opposite side in relation to the printable side of the board.
• the toner particles typically contain polymers with a low melting point so that they melt easily by the action of IR radiation.
• the toner particles can thus be melted and fused with the coating without the melting of the coating polymer.
• IR radiation can soften or melt the polymer coating so that, as the result, the toner par- tides adhere to the coating without melting the toner particles themselves. The most effective fusion is achieved if both the coating and the toner particles melt by the action of IR radiation.
• the setting of the toner onto the printing surface is based on the polarity of the toner particles.
• the polymer being the base for the toner is not a critical matter for the invention; in other words, the coating and the toner can contain the same polymer or they can contain polymers of different types.
• the objects of the invention further comprise the use of an acrylate copolymer of ethylene, such as EMA, in the polymer coating receiving the toner of the digitally printable coated paper or board.
• EMA is most preferably used as a substantially pure material layer consisting of it, which can by itself form the polymer coating of the paper or board on one side or both sides, or it can form one, the outermost layer of the multi-colour coating on the paper or board.
• Figure 1 presents a board according to the invention, with an EMA coating layer on the one side;
• Figure 2 presents a paper according to the invention, with an EMA coating layer on the one side;
• Figure 3 presents a board according to the invention, with an EMA coating layer on both sides;
• Figure 4 presents a board according to the invention, with an EMA coating layer provided on the one side and a LDPE heat sealing layer on the opposite side; and
• Figures 5-7 present boards according to the invention, coated with polymer on both sides and containing EVOH or PA barrier layers and LDPE heat sealing layers in addition to the EMA layer.
• FIG 1 there is shown a simple polymer coated digitally printable packaging board 1 according to the invention, the one side of the fibre base 2 of which contains the coating layer 3 consisting substantially of pure EMA.
• the fibre base 2 can be formed of a three-layer structure comprising an inner layer of chemi- thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) and outermost layers of sulphate pulp, the weight of the three-layer structure being 130-600 g/m 2 , preferably 170-300 g/m 2 .
• CTMP chemi- thermomechanical pulp
• the polymer of the EMA layer 3 is formed by copolymerising ethylene and methyl acrylate monomers so that the share of methyl acrylate monomer of the monomer mixture is 9-20 mole per cent, most preferably about 15-20 mole per cent.
• the weight of the EMA layer can be 7-20 g/m 2 .
• Figure 2 shows the polymer coated digitally printable paper 4 of the invention, in which the weight of the paper layer 5 forming the fibre base is 20-130 g/m 2 , preferably 40-120 g/m 2 .
• the EMA layer 3 used as the coating can be similar to the one shown in Figure 1.
• FIG 3 there is shown an embodiment of the polymer coated packaging board 1 according to the invention, in which digitally printable EMA layers 3 are located on both sides of the fibre base 2.
• the materials and weights of the layers 2, 3 can be similar to the embodiment in Figure 1.
• Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the EMA layer 3 is located on the one side of the fibre base 2 and the LDPE heat sealing layer 6 on the opposite side.
• the fibre base 2 can consist of a three-layer board, as in the embodiment in Figure 1.
• the EMA layer 3 consists preferably of copolymer, in which the share of methyl acrylate monomer is 15-20 mole per cent.
• the weight of the EMA layer 3 can be between 7-20 g/m 2 , and the weight of the LDPE layer 6 between 10-40 g/m 2 .
• the board can be applied to digitally printable box packages to be sealed by seaming so that the edges of the packing blanks are brought to overlap in the seam points in order to heat seal the opposite EMA and LDPE layers to each other.
• Figure 5 presents the packaging board 1 coated with polymer on both sides, in which the fibre base 2 is provided with the EMA layer 3 on the one side, for exam- pie, as in Figure 1.
• the oxygen and water vapour barrier 7 of ethyl vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) the weight of which is, for example, 5-10 g/m 2 , and further an outer LDPE heat sealing layer 6.
• the layer weight of the latter can be between 10-40 g/m 2 .
• EVOH ethyl vinyl alcohol copolymer
• Such a coated board is suitable for box or can packages that are closed by seaming and digitally printed on the outer surface, in which the EVOH layer 7 remains on the inside of the fibre base of the package.
• the EMA layer 3 makes it possible to digitally print the outer side of the package at the same time as the EVOH barrier layer 7 in the interior of the package protects the packed product from the oxygen and moisture in the air.
• the embodiment of Figure 6 differs from the one shown in Figure 5 in that, instead of EVOH, the polymer of the barrier layer is polyamide (PA).
• PA polyamide
• the difference again is that the EMA and EVOH layers 3, 7 are placed against each other on the same side of the fibre base.
• the examined polymers were EMA, in which the share of methyl acrylate monomer was 20 mole per cent, PET and LDPE. It was found out that the most uniform and tight adhesion of the powder to the surface of the film was achieved with the EMA film. With the PET and LDPE films, the adhesion of the powder was considerably less uniform. Power particles photographed on different polymer films are seen in the enclosed figures 8 (EMA film), 9 (PET film) and 10 (LDPE film).
• EMA 20% i.e. EMA, in which the share of methyl acrylate monomer was 20 mole per cent.
• EMA 20% was placed second after PET.
• the adhesion of toner was 98%, i.e. very good. Due to its heat sealability, EMA 20% is especially suitable for packing applications.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
• Printing Methods (AREA)
• Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

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Citations (4)

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• 2001
  • 2001-12-07 FI FI20012413A patent/FI113807B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2002
  • 2002-12-05 WO PCT/FI2002/000994 patent/WO2003054634A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2002-12-05 AU AU2002346782A patent/AU2002346782A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-12-05 EP EP02783132A patent/EP1451644B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-12-05 DE DE60227831T patent/DE60227831D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-12-05 AT AT02783132T patent/ATE402429T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-12-05 US US10/497,954 patent/US7655294B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-12-05 JP JP2003555284A patent/JP4097603B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-12-05 ES ES02783132T patent/ES2311069T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2007
  • 2007-03-15 US US11/724,538 patent/US7651759B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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