WO2003047308A1 - Diviseur pour caisson d'enceinte acoustique de haute fidelite et sans distorsion - Google Patents

Diviseur pour caisson d'enceinte acoustique de haute fidelite et sans distorsion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003047308A1
WO2003047308A1 PCT/CN2001/001586 CN0101586W WO03047308A1 WO 2003047308 A1 WO2003047308 A1 WO 2003047308A1 CN 0101586 W CN0101586 W CN 0101586W WO 03047308 A1 WO03047308 A1 WO 03047308A1
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Prior art keywords
frequency
bass
value
speaker
sound
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PCT/CN2001/001586
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Chengguo He
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Chengguo He
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Priority to AU2001298074A priority Critical patent/AU2001298074A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2001/001586 priority patent/WO2003047308A1/fr
Publication of WO2003047308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003047308A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/12—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a frequency divider of a high-definition and non-distortion speaker system. Background technique
  • the speaker system In the audio system, the speaker system is the most important part of its performance.
  • the speaker system of the current technical theory according to many laws and theories of physics, inevitably produces a variety of defects, including severe redundancies, tailing, polluted acoustic signal sounds, bass distortion and phase distortion, and from this]
  • the sounds of various musical instruments and human voices are blurred, and the bass is muddy.
  • the capacitor or inductance of the bypass audio in the crossover circuit is connected in parallel with the speaker to prevent it from functioning. People have not found that the time difference of each segment has changed. The impression does not feel ahead or behind. It can be seen that the capacitor or inductor for bypassing audio only plays a role in filtering high or low frequencies. Therefore, the electrical phase of the loudspeaker is determined by the first element connected in series. If the element is a capacitor, it will be 90 degrees ahead, and if it is an inductor, it will be 90 degrees behind. Therefore, the current technology has various types of crossover circuits that have phase distortion. See Figure 1-6. In each figure, it is assumed that the impedance of each speaker is
  • T is a tweeter
  • M is a midrange
  • W is a bass
  • B is a basic chirp
  • XB is a subwoofer.
  • the treble section is 90 degrees ahead and the mid and low frequencies are lagging 90 degrees.
  • the high and midrange are 90 degrees ahead, showing low and high bass.
  • Other types also have electrical phase distortion. That is, there is an electrical phase difference.
  • the speaker system assembled according to the current technology theory can play back full-range sounds from ultra-high to ultra-low sound, it combines the sound frequency bands (high, middle, and low-frequency bands) at different times to play them back. This severely distorts the original sound. It's the so-called appearance.
  • the phase difference of the -12dB / OCT crossover point is 180 degrees, so reversely connecting the positive and negative poles of the tweeter or woofer just eliminates the phase difference of the sound pressure synthesis before and after this point. In reality, however, the electrical phase distortion is not eliminated.
  • the distortion caused by electrical phase distortion is very prominent, manifested as weak singing voice, lethargic music, and poor tone. and many more. It seriously distorts the original musical feeling, and the sound field glows with youthful vitality, and the musical performance is pleasant.
  • the induced electromotive force is generated by cutting the magnetic field lines in a changing magnetic field.
  • This current is also a signal current, and its frequency is between 60-300 Hz
  • the intensity of the low-frequency band is inversely proportional to the impedance of the speaker in this frequency band. Therefore, the larger the Qo value of the speaker (Qo is the damping state coefficient of the vibration of the woofer) (the smaller the impedance is usually), the greater the intensity of the induced current, which makes the bass turbid and unclear, and the larger the Qo value of the speaker.
  • the lower the induced current the less turbid the bass is.
  • the lower the minimum resonance frequency fo of the speaker (when the Qo value is the same), the greater the intensity of the induced current. Therefore, the smaller-caliber speakers with a higher fo (caliber 16-20 cm) are used to reproduce the bass. Figure reduces bass turbidity.
  • the sensitivity is much higher than that of the woofer.
  • the human ear is particularly sensitive to the midrange, which causes the midrange to be too high, and the human ear's perception of the basic bass is delayed and pure.
  • the bass of the constant-impedance ordinary two-way and multi-way loudspeaker system is seriously insufficient. Therefore, an improved system is popularly used.
  • the main type is a "dumbbell" system consisting of a common two-way crossover plus a woofer. See Figure 2, but the bass sound pressure level is still not in place, so that the sound is still pale and rough.
  • the impedance is high, A system consisting of half or slightly higher midrange speakers, bass, treble and midrange lifters. See Figure 3: A system with two woofers with the same impedance as the treble and midrange in parallel or in series. See Figure 4 and so on.
  • the defect of muddy bass is more prominent.
  • the bass, treble, and midrange are in different phases, it is difficult to tune the tone. If the power of the music is concentrated on the side of the treble, midrange, or bass, the tone is good, better than the "dumbbell," system. Otherwise, the tone is poor.
  • the above three improved types usually have another common problem, that is, the sound pressure characteristics of the 80-150 Hz band are high and raised, which is manifested by the exaggerated drum sound in this band, because the induced electromotive force plus the signal current changes from strong to weak
  • the induced electromotive force (referred to as the back electromotive force) generated by the inductive coil forms an induced current superimposed on the original signal current.
  • the sound energy is proportional to the square of the electromotive force (or sound pressure), so a small increase in the electromotive force causes a large increase in the sound energy, which in turn causes distortion, which is not pleasing to the ear.
  • it is installed in the inverted speaker with relatively high air elastic coefficient.
  • Back electromotive force is a method for calculating the induced electromotive force generated when a signal current passes from an electric induction coil to a weak magnetic field, which generates a changing magnetic field and forms a motion of cutting a magnetic field line with a coil of wire.
  • the bass signal current suffers from severe pollution and thus causes distortion.
  • the speaker M only reproduces mid-frequency bands above 900 Hz, so it is suitable to use a speaker with a light vibration system (small magnets). Its characteristics are high sensitivity, and it is easy to achieve flat sound pressure characteristics and flat impedance characteristics. The performance is good and the cost is low. But this way, the problem also came: high sensitivity, high efficiency, and the human ear is particularly sensitive to the midrange. Therefore, this structure produces a distortion of the midrange sound that is too high. (And using poor speakers can make the problem worse).
  • the inductors L1 and L2 both play the role of blocking the intermediate frequency and low frequency, while L2 is slightly larger (but often less than 4 millihenries).
  • the attenuation is higher for frequencies above 500 Hz (or higher), but there are no components such as capacitors in front of it to block the filtering. Therefore, the B circuit and the XB circuit share the basic low-frequency signal current evenly (when L2 is greater than 5 millihenries). Therefore, the sound pressure of B is seriously insufficient, but the sound of the XB circuit is out of phase with B due to the lag. Therefore, the two channels of bass cannot overlap, so the sound pressure of the bass is lower than that of the constant impedance speaker system of the current technology, which makes the basic bass insufficient. The lack of super sound is the same as that of the ordinary constant impedance crossover structure.
  • the speaker B has a capacitor in series with the front of the XB. Therefore, the signal current passing through B has one more layer of impedance, that is, capacitive reactance, which makes B only pass through the attenuation of the inductive impedance of the circuit where XB is located.
  • Signal current, and there is another reason for this result that is, an inductor L1 is connected in series before B, its inductance is more than 1.0 millihenries (used to attenuate the intermediate frequency above 2000 Hz), and it has a frequency above 300 Hz Inductive.
  • C1 In order to reduce the capacitive reactance of C1 and overcome the shortcomings of the narrow band of B playback, as well as the goal of separating the subwoofer, the value of C1 must be greater than 90 microfarads, and the inductance L2 in series with ⁇ cannot exceed 7 millihenries.
  • Subwoofer refers to the frequency band below 150 Hz (or at least 200 Hz). Therefore, the purpose of separating the basic bass cannot be achieved.
  • inductance L2 is as high as 7 millihenries
  • Figure 5 is a low, high, middle, and slightly higher low-frequency point Po (Po point between 260-360 Hz) to midrange And a slightly lower low-frequency and Po-point (including subwoofer) of the crossover structure diagram.
  • Po Po point between 260-360 Hz
  • Po-point including subwoofer
  • the frequency range of the B sound is too narrow, the sound pressure is very low.
  • L2 is less than 5 millihenries, the frequency range B is reproduced from Po point to mid range is narrower, because the po point is above 360 Hz at this time, which basically does not play the role of frequency division, B The sound pressure is lower.
  • the frequency range of B playback should be slightly larger, so it must be widened up to about 2000 Hz, and the value of Co is less than 10 microfarads.
  • the structural diagram described in the technical explanatory diagram of patent number 982346093 is essentially a non-standard four-frequency circuit structure, but when L2 is small, the clarity is improved.
  • the mid-low frequency crossover effect is no different from the existing crossover structure in FIG. 6.
  • the circuit structure of the "high-frequency crossover circuit is the same as the existing frequency divider, and the crossover point between the middle-frequency crossover circuit and the low-frequency crossover circuit can be based on the actual range of the midrange speaker selected. Value, the frequency division point of the bass frequency division circuit is in the range of 250-90 Hz "
  • the design purpose of the frequency division circuit is a frequency division circuit structure
  • the selection of the frequency division point between the circuit and the bass is determined by the actual situation and is not fixed in a certain interval
  • the high intermediate frequency The frequency division attenuation technology adopts the existing technical structure
  • the "low-pass filter circuit is composed of a capacitor cl, an inductor L1 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel to the output terminal S2 in the circuit 1", (see Fig. 5), also That is to say, for the low-pass circuit in the mid-frequency crossover to use two elements to attenuate the mid-range, the value of L1 is suitably derived from the -12dB / OCT--3dB crossover crossover formula.
  • the frequency division circuit has a four-frequency division circuit structure.
  • the mid-tone and bass crossover points are usually above 2000 Hz.
  • L2 159r / fc.
  • L2 is 62% of L1. Therefore, (4) If the B loop is designed as a common three-frequency circuit consisting of T, M, and XB loops and then inserted, because L1> L2 and capacitive reactance in front of L1, it is below the P1 No signal current is passed through the B circuit, and the Co value described in (3) is derived using a single element type formula, which results in a small attenuation force for Co above P2 and P1. However, L1 has a large attenuation force at frequencies above P1.
  • the patent No. 982346093 technology is an irregular four-frequency structure technology, and it fails to separate the subwoofer. Therefore, this technology has not solved the electrical phase difference problem of the traditional structure.
  • the inductance L2 in series with XB should not be too large. If it exceeds 4.0 millihenries, the induced electromotive force generated is too large, and the capacitor C1 is difficult to absorb and it is difficult to eliminate redundant and polluted sounds.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a low-frequency frequency dividing circuit below 200 Hz, and the intensity of the output signal of the intermediate-frequency frequency dividing circuit is easy to adjust.
  • the intensity will be increased, but it will not affect the frequency response range of the output of the intermediate frequency crossover circuit. It can eliminate redundant sound, polluted sound, trailing sound and electrical phase distortion, and the sound color is not distorted, and the bass is not distorted. Divider.
  • the high-definition and non-distortion speaker frequency divider includes an input terminal S1, a common terminal S2, and a high-frequency frequency dividing circuit and a low-frequency dividing circuit connected in parallel to the input terminal and the common terminal S2.
  • the low-frequency frequency dividing circuit is provided with an inductor L5, and an intermediate frequency dividing circuit having a capacitor C2, an inductor L2, and a resistor R connected in series between the input terminal and the common terminal S2.
  • the basic low-frequency frequency division circuit without capacitor C and inductor L4 in series.
  • a high-definition and non-distortion frequency divider of the present invention includes an input terminal S1, a common terminal S2, and a high-frequency frequency dividing circuit and a low-frequency frequency dividing circuit connected in parallel to the input terminal S1 and the common terminal S2.
  • An inductor L5 is provided in the frequency dividing circuit, and a capacitor C2, an inductor L2, and a resistor R are connected in series at the input terminal and the common terminal S2, and a basic low-frequency circuit having a capacitor C and an inductor L4 connected in series is provided. Dividing circuit.
  • the value of the resistance R is in the range of 1-2000 ohms
  • the value of the capacitance C2 is (10-26) x 8 / r microfarad
  • the value of the inductance L2 is (0 05-0. 65) xr / 8 ⁇ ⁇ .
  • a parameter value of the inductor L5 is larger than a parameter value of the inductor L4, and a parameter value of the inductor L4 is larger than a parameter value of the inductor L2.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor C is in a range of (70-300) ⁇ 8 / r microfarad.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the frequency divider circuit of the two frequency division
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frequency divider circuit of a dumbbell-type or 2.5-frequency speaker
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frequency divider circuit of a three-frequency frequency divider
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the frequency divider circuit of a three-frequency dual-bass parallel
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a passive frequency divider circuit in Patent No. 982346093;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another existing frequency divider circuit with a frequency division by four;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frequency divider circuit of the present invention. detailed description
  • the high, middle, and low frequency dividing circuits constitute ordinary high, middle, and low three.
  • Crossover network the two sound pressure characteristic curves of the middle and low frequency crossover network are at the intersection point, and the combination of the two sound pressure characteristic responses is not less than 1, but the power sum of their responses is not more than 1. For example, take 900 Hz as the reference for the middle and low frequencies.
  • the actual crossover point is slightly lower than 900 Hz, and the curve crosses above -6dB and slightly below -3dB.
  • the basic low-frequency frequency dividing circuit is connected in parallel on the basis of this three-frequency division, and then a resistor 1 is inserted in the intermediate-frequency frequency dividing circuit. That is, when the switch K in the basic low-frequency crossover circuit is not turned off, the sound path of the base woofer B does not work. (At this time, the value of the resistor R is 0).
  • L5 does not exceed 4.0m, which is usually around 3.0mH, while C2 is large (often greater than 16 microfarads), and L2 is less than 0.3mH, which is smaller than 1 / 3L4, so it cannot flow in the intermediate frequency signal current, so the B loop has no complete frequency band Pass, that is to say, this structure is not a four-frequency structure as referred to in the current theory.
  • the midrange circuit M is made up of capacitors, inductors and resistors in series, which is also different from the current structure.
  • resistors are only used in impedance compensation or attenuation circuits.
  • the resistor In the attenuation circuit, the resistor is connected in parallel with the speaker that needs to attenuate the sound pressure level, but in this way, the load of the circuit is changed, so a resistor must be connected in series with the signal current from the crossover network. Its resistance value
  • the attenuator In order to make the attenuation loop and the loop formed with the loudspeaker the same magnitude as the original load, that is, the attenuator must be a constant impedance type structure, only one resistor is connected in series, otherwise only one resistor is connected in parallel.
  • a .. Eliminates redundant and polluted sounds. That is, the pollution of the sound source caused by the induced electromotive force and the back electromotive force is solved, and the problem of distortion is caused.
  • the speaker B and the inductor L4 in front of it are connected in series with the capacitor C in the figure.
  • This capacitance value is more than 130 microfarads (the same applies when the impedance of speaker B is 8 ohms), which can contain the electric charge of signals above 60 Hz (or lower) at ultra-low frequency.
  • This capacitor (made of multiple parallels) just absorbs the inductor coils at the lower L5 and the rear L4 and the low.
  • the frequency divider function is regarded as the sole design purpose. This inevitably looks at the speaker in isolation, but the above goal cannot be achieved because the subwoofer ( Usually refers to the frequency band below 200 Hz or below 150 Hz), attenuate the frequency band above 200 Hz by more than 3DB, and at least use a large inductor of 9.0 millihenries.
  • the use of large inductors in series cannot achieve the purpose of high definition. Because the induced electromotive force generated by a large inductor is larger than a linear multiple, the instantaneous change in signal current from strong to weak, even a small change will produce a significant induced current, making the sound quality cloudy and distorted.
  • the speaker system made according to the principles and requirements of the present invention has a sound energy characteristic curve that is very flat and even in the middle and low frequencies, a reasonable ratio of middle and low frequencies, a low frequency lower limit, and the shape of the entire curve is very ideal.
  • Decreased amplitude (in multiples) of sound energy (dB) is approximately [r / r + R 5 4 ], where r is the speaker
  • the nominal impedance of M is usually 8 ohms, the same below.
  • the value of R should be between 1.0-2000 ohms. By adjusting the value of R, the sound pressure of the middle and bass can reach a reasonable level. Because the value of R will attenuate the midrange sound pressure, the value of the capacitor C2 connected in series with the speaker M is between (10-26) X 8 / R microfarad, and 15-17 microfarad is the best.
  • the inductance L2 value is (0.05-0.65) x R / 8 millihenry.
  • the parameter value of the inductor L5 is larger than the parameter value of the inductor L4, and the parameter value of the inductor L4 is larger than the parameter value of the inductor L2.
  • the value of capacitor C connected in series with speaker B should be between (70-300) x 8 / R microfarad. 132-140 microfarads is the best.
  • R is the speaker's nominal impedance in ohms.
  • the resistor R has this multiple adjustment function because the circuits M and B have the same structure. But perhaps there are more important theories hidden in it that have not yet been discovered. However, (2) the sound pressure of the subwoofer band of the speaker XB is not increased or decreased due to the presence of R (3), while the sound pressure of the tweeter T is unchanged. 2. The change in the value of R does not affect the playback frequency range of the midrange speaker M, which is inconsistent with the current technical theory. In this way, the defect of the midrange is too strong and the bass is insufficient in the structure of Figure 5 is perfectly solved.
  • the problem of unclear spatial sound image localization in the picture (at this time, L2> 2.8 millihenries and L 1.5 millihenries are required, and it is better to use subwoofer-rich speakers with a diameter of not less than 16 cm).
  • the loss of low frequency in the existing technology is too large, resulting in low sensitivity and efficiency.
  • the invention enables the low sound to be sufficiently compensated, so the efficiency and sensitivity are much higher than the existing products, and the redundant sound and the polluted sound are eliminated, so that the music feeling is crisp, the music background is quiet and the sound field is refreshing.
  • the new structure also eliminates phase distortion, as shown in Figure 5, the capacitors are all stepless capacitors.
  • the value of capacitor C is close to 140 microfarads. So speaker B
  • the power that B bears is close to half of the total power at this point, and the higher the frequency of each point above P
  • the higher the sound pressure difference between B and XB this is because the higher the frequency point, the greater the inductive reactance of L2, and the smaller the capacitive reactance of C1, so the more signal current B obtains. Therefore, in the frequency band of 200 Hz, the electrical phase of each speaker sounds the same. This is because the circuit structure in front of the speakers D, M, and B is the same, and the first component is a capacitor connected in series. But in front of XB, the inductor L5 is connected in series, and its phase lag is 90 degrees. However, the human ear's response to the subwoofer's (below 200 Hz) phase leading or lagging phase is very late, and there is no requirement. In this way, the electrical phase distortion is resolved.
  • the new structure meets the requirements of separating the basic bass from the subwoofer. Therefore, B and XB separately bear the main power of the two frequency bands, which makes the dynamic range larger. , Power is stronger, which also avoids bass distortion caused by a speaker to reproduce bass and super bass. Combined with the principle described in Part B, this makes the sound system characteristic curve shape of the speaker system very flat and even in the middle and low frequency bands, the middle and low frequency ratio is reasonable, the low frequency lower limit is extremely low, and the entire curve shape is very ideal.
  • the invention avoids the generation of polluted sound in the prior art, and overcomes the defects of electrical phase distortion and the like. Achieve high definition without distortion.
  • L5 should be between 2.8-4.0 millihenries, but it does not need to be too large.
  • L4 should be far less than the -12DB / OCT at -3DB falling crossover method (according to 830-900 Hz)
  • L4 should be between 0.7 and 1.5 millihenries. Therefore, compared with the technical structure of FIG. 5, in addition to the major differences described above, there are two other differences. L4 should be much smaller than that in FIG. 5. Among the combinations of LI, L5 and L4, L5 'is at least 1.5 ⁇ larger than L4, and whoever is larger or smaller in the combination of L1 and L2 in Fig. 5 does not make any requirements. (3) There is no need to connect a capacitor in parallel at the output terminal. L4 is much smaller than the value of the two-element type. Even if it is nearly 30% smaller, it is more than three times larger than L2.
  • the attenuation force is still greater than -3dB at the middle and low crossover points, and the same is connected in front of the midrange M. It is a capacitor and an inductor, but its inductance is too small, and it has no inductive reactance to the midrange, so the B circuit can only shunt a very small amount of midrange that is attenuated by the capacitor C2.
  • L5 is larger than L4 by 1.5 millihenries, to ensure that L4 has no inductive reactance below 200 Hz, and L5 must have obvious inductive reactance in this frequency band, which is larger than the capacitance value in front of L4 to reduce its capacitive reactance.
  • FIG. 7 is different from the structure described in claim 2.3.4.5 of the patent claim 982346093, but has the same features as the structure described in claim 1.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un diviseur d'un caisson d'enceinte de haute fidélité et sans distorsion, il résout les faiblesses de distorsion de phase électrique, de distorsion de basses, de basses non claires, d'emplacement audiovisuel non distinct, de distorsion de tonalité, de basses de base ou de super-basses nettement insuffisantes, de sons médians excessivement hauts dans l'art antérieur. Entre une borne d'entrée S1 et une borne commune S2 sont utilisés un circuit diviseur de fréquence moyenne ayant un condensateur C2, un inducteur L2 et une résistance R en série ainsi qu'un circuit diviseur de basses de base ayant un condensateur C et un inducteur L en série. L'invention permet de résoudre les problèmes précités et elle présente les avantages d'une limite extrêmement basse ou très basse de basses fréquences, des super-basses ou des basses amples, une forme tout a fait idéale de courbe caractéristique d'énergie sonore, une large gamme dynamique, une sensibilité ainsi qu'une efficacité supérieures et un coût réduit.
PCT/CN2001/001586 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Diviseur pour caisson d'enceinte acoustique de haute fidelite et sans distorsion WO2003047308A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001298074A AU2001298074A1 (en) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 A divider of a high fidelity and undistorted baffle box
PCT/CN2001/001586 WO2003047308A1 (fr) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Diviseur pour caisson d'enceinte acoustique de haute fidelite et sans distorsion

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PCT/CN2001/001586 WO2003047308A1 (fr) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Diviseur pour caisson d'enceinte acoustique de haute fidelite et sans distorsion

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4233566A (en) * 1978-10-23 1980-11-11 Technical Audio Products Corporation Distortion free power limiting and clipping prevention circuit
CN1189759A (zh) * 1997-12-25 1998-08-05 夏勇 音箱用全相分频器

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4233566A (en) * 1978-10-23 1980-11-11 Technical Audio Products Corporation Distortion free power limiting and clipping prevention circuit
CN1189759A (zh) * 1997-12-25 1998-08-05 夏勇 音箱用全相分频器

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