WO2003040812A1 - Composes de cristaux liquides, melanges de cristaux liquides les contenant et dispositifs a cristaux liquides - Google Patents

Composes de cristaux liquides, melanges de cristaux liquides les contenant et dispositifs a cristaux liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003040812A1
WO2003040812A1 PCT/GB2002/005033 GB0205033W WO03040812A1 WO 2003040812 A1 WO2003040812 A1 WO 2003040812A1 GB 0205033 W GB0205033 W GB 0205033W WO 03040812 A1 WO03040812 A1 WO 03040812A1
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formula
group
compound according
compound
liquid crystal
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PCT/GB2002/005033
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English (en)
Inventor
John William Goodby
Michael Hird
Kenneth Johnson Toyne
Guirec Yann Cosquer
Neil Gough
Stephen James Cowling
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Qinetiq Limited
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/40—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. silicon, metals
    • C09K19/406—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. silicon, metals containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
    • C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
    • C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel compounds, which have the properties of liquid crystals, together with processes for their preparation and liquid crystal devices incorporating them.
  • liquid crystals is well known. It refers to compounds which, as a result of their structure, will align themselves in a similar orientation, preferably at working temperatures, for example of from -40 to 200°C. These materials are useful in various devices, in particular the liquid crystal display devices or LCDs. Liquid crystals can exist in various phases. In essence there are three different classes of liquid crystalline material, each possessing a characteristic molecular arrangement. These classes are nematic, chiral nematic (cholesteric) and smectic.
  • the molecules of nematic compounds will align themselves in a particular orientation in a bulk material.
  • Smectic materials in addition to being orientated in a similar way, will align themselves closely in layers.
  • smectic phases exist, for example smectic A and smectic C.
  • the molecules are aligned perpendicularly to a base or support, whilst in the latter, molecules may be inclined to the support.
  • Some liquid crystal materials possess a number of liquid crystal phases on varying the temperature. Others have just one phase.
  • a liquid crystal material may show the following phases on being cooled from the isotropic phase:- isotropic - nematic - smectic A - smectic C - solid. If a material is described as being smectic A then it means that the material possesses a smectic A phase over a useful working temperature range.
  • Such materials are useful, in particular in display devices where their ability to align themselves and to change their alignment under the influence of voltage, is used to impact on the path of polarised light, thus giving rise to liquid crystal displays. These are widely used in devices such as watches, calculators, display boards or hoardings, computer screens, in particular laptop computer screens etc.
  • the properties of the compounds which impact on the speed with which the compounds respond to voltage charges include molecule size, viscosity ( ⁇ n), dipole moments ( ⁇ ), conductivity etc.
  • R ' where Ri is a straight or branched alkylene or alkyleneoxy chain optionally interposed with one or more oxygen or sulphur atoms; n is O or l;
  • R. 5 and Re are independently selected from C 1- alkyl
  • R 7 is a straight or branched C 1-10 alkyl chain.
  • the term "interposed" used in relation to oxygen and sulphur atoms means that the atoms may be present anywhere along the chain, including at the ends, provided that an oxygen atom is not adjacent a sulphur atom or another oxygen atom, and that a sulphur atom is not adjacent an oxygen or sulphur atom.
  • the group -R ⁇ O may comprise a group of sub-formula (v) v 1a. (CR 2 R 3 ) '(0) note- m
  • n is as defined above, where R la is an alkylene or alkyleneoxy chain optionally interposed with one or more oxygen or sulphur atoms; m is O or 1; R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci- 4 alkyl, Cr 4 alkoxy; provided that when n is 1 , m is 1.
  • R la has an oxygen or sulphur atom at the end adjacent the group (O) n , it will not be directly bound to an oxygen atom, where n is 1, since a group (CR 2 R 3 ) will be in an intervening position.
  • Ri in formula (I) is an alkylenoxy group, any additional oxygen or sulphur atoms present in R will not be adjacent the oxygen linking Rt to M.
  • hydrocarbyl refers to organic groups comprising carbon and hydrogen atoms such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl.
  • alkyl refers to straight or branched chain alkyl group, suitably containing up to 20, more suitably up to 10 and preferably up to 6 carbon atoms.
  • alkenyl or “alkynyl” refers to optionally.
  • alkylene refers to such groups which are divalent and "cycloalkyl” refers to such groups which have at least 3 carbon atoms, and which are cyclic in structure.
  • aryl refers to aromatic rings such as phenyl and naphthyl.
  • aralkyl refers to alkyl groups substituted by aryl groups such as benzyl.
  • heterocyclic groups refer to rings which may be mono or bi- cyclic and aromatic, non-aromatic or, in the case of bicyclic rings, partially aromatic and partially non-aromatic. These rings suitably contain from 3 to 20 atoms, up to seven of which are heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur.
  • Suitable optional substituents for hydrocarbyl groups R a , R b and R c are halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, carboxy or alkyl esters thereof, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, amido, mono or di-alkylamido, amino, mono or di-alkylamino, alkyl sulphonyl, or thioalkyl.
  • particular functional groups for X or Y are cyano, halo such as fluoro or a group OR a where R a is as defined above, and in particular is alkyl.
  • Suitable optional substituents for X and Y where these are an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups are functional groups as defined above.
  • one of X or Y is a group of sub-formula (i) and the other is alkyl.
  • one of X or Y is a group of sub- formula (i) and the other is an optionally substituted alkyl chain or an optionally substituted alkoxy chain.
  • X may be represented as a group of subformula (iii) Rs-(O)q- (iii)
  • Y may be represented as a group of subformula (iv)
  • R 10 is an alkylene chain, which is optionally interposed with oxygen or sulphur atoms, provided that these are not arranged at the ends of the ⁇ chain, and where only one of R 8 or R 9 is a group of sub-formula (ia), the other is an alkyl or alkoxy group having at least 6 carbon atoms and optionally interposed with one or more oxygen or sulphur groups.
  • alkenyl or alkynyl groups for X or Y are C 2- alkenyl or alkynyl groups such as ethenyl.
  • both X and Y are groups of sub-formula (i).
  • R 5j R$ and R 7 are C 1- alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, and most preferably methyl or ethyl. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one of R 5 , Re and R 7 are other than methyl.
  • n is 0.
  • R ⁇ is a group of sub formula (ii) -O(CH 2 ) p -
  • Ri is a -ioalkylene chain, and preferably a C 2 - 6 alkylene chain of formula -(CH 2 ) P -.
  • the number of atoms present in R ⁇ (i.e. p or p+1 in the case of alkoxy groups) +m+n total an odd number. Where there are even numbers of atoms between the silicon atom in sub- formula (i) and the ring structure to which it is attached, lower melting and clearing points are found.
  • Suitable mesogenic groups M in formula (I) are known in the art.
  • such groups may be represented by the general formula (II)
  • R 17; R ⁇ 8 and R 19 are independently selected from cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclic rings, any of which may be optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from halo C ⁇ - 5 alkyl, cyano, C ⁇ salkoxy or NCS;
  • R 17 , R 18 and R 19 examples include any of the following:
  • R 17 , R 18 and R 19 examples include for example groups of formula
  • R 1 , R 18 and R 19 are selected from phenyl and cyclohexyl rings, which maybe optionally substituted as described above.
  • R 17 , R 18 and R 19 are phenyl groups, optionally substituted with halogen such as fluorine. 10.
  • at least one of R 17 , R 18 and R ⁇ 9 is substituted by fluorine, and in particular by two fluorine atoms.
  • the group M is a group of sub-formula
  • R u , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 ; R 15 and R 16 are independently selected from hydrogen or halogen, such as fluorine.
  • R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are halogen such as fluorine.
  • the compounds of the invention are mesogenic compounds of formula (III)
  • q, r and x are independently selected from 0 or 1;
  • R ⁇ , R ⁇ 2 , R 13 , R 1 , R 15 and R 16 are independently selected from hydrogen or halogen, at least one of R 8 or R 9 is a group of sub-formula (ia)
  • R 10 is an alkylene chain optionally interposed with one or more oxygen or sulphur atoms; n is 0 or 1 ; R 5 and 5 are independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl,
  • R is a straight or branched C 1-10 alkyl chain, and where only one of Rs or R 9 is a group of sub-formula (ia), the other is an alkyl or alkoxy group having at least 6 carbon atoms and optionally interposed with one or more oxygen or sulphur groups.
  • the compound of formula (I) is a group of formula (III)
  • Compounds of formula (I) are suitably prepared by using conventional methods. In general they may be prepared by coupling together appropriately substituted ring systems to construct a mesogenic group. For example, they may be prepared by coupling a compound of formula (IV)
  • Y' is a group Y defined in relation to formula (I) or a precursor thereof
  • R 18 , R ⁇ , W 2 and g are as defined in relation to sub-formula (II) and L is a leaving group such as halo, and in particular bromide.
  • precursor groups Y' are converted to groups Y.
  • the reaction is suitably effected in the presence of a coupling agent such as Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 in an organic solvent such a dimethoxyethane (DME) and in the presence of a base such as an alkali metal carbonate such as Na 2 CO 3 .
  • a precursor group Y' is a group of sub-formula (VI)
  • Compounds of formula (I) have liquid crystal properties and in particular are Smectic C compounds. This is particularly true for compounds of formula (III) where two of R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are fluorine, such as compounds of formula (IV).
  • liquid crystal devices including liquid crystal display cells such as ferroelectric liquid crystal displays, and in particular smectic liquid crystal displays such as surface stabilised ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) displays.
  • SSFLC surface stabilised ferroelectric liquid crystal
  • Such devices form a further aspect of the invention.
  • liquid crystal compounds of the invention may be used alone or in admixture with other liquid crystal compounds which may or may not comprise compounds of formula (I).
  • Compounds of the invention may be chemically stable compounds. They also have low birefringence properties, making them usable in relatively thick cells. Such cells are easier to make. Inclusion of the compounds of formula (I) and particularly the preferred compounds of formula (I) in liquid crystal mixtures may therefore have the effect of stabilizing the mixture, and/or lowering the birefringence thereof.
  • the invention provides a method for stabilizing a liquid crystal mixture, said method comprising including in said mixture a compound of formula (I).
  • the invention provides a method for lowering the birefringence of a liquid crystal mixture, said method comprising including in said mixture a compound of formula (I).
  • Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an "odd-even" effect in chain length
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the miscibility of a compound of the invention with a reference compound
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of a cell used for electro-optical studies;
  • Figure 4 illustrates a reaction scheme used to prepare compounds of the invention; and
  • Figure 5 illustrates an alternative scheme for preparing said compounds.
  • Compound 5 has a lower melting points (21.2°C) and clearing points (21.5 °C) than for compound A with an unbranched terminal chain.
  • Compound 11 shows only a smectic C phase and it has a lower melting point and clearing point than compound 5 which is consistent with compound 11 having the bulkiest end group.
  • the bulky end group reduces the melting and the clearing point and acts to hinder the packing and the molecular association of the molecules.
  • Table 4 shows that the melting points are down as expected in a mixture.
  • the transition temperatures of smectic C and A phases are nearly always increased and the transition temperatures of the nematic to isotropic are unchanged.
  • compound 9 was mixed with compound MH 198 in all proportions, and the transition temperatures are given in Table 5.
  • the binary miscibility diagram is shown in Figure 2 and this does not show any discontinuity across the phase diagram.
  • the compound containing a bulky end group in their terminal chains appears to be miscible with similar compounds containing straight terminal chains, and this suggests that the compounds with the bulky end groups do not microsegrate on mixing with the straight chain analogues. This result is different from that reported by Newton et al., Ferroelectrics, 1993, 148, 379; and Liquid Crystals, 1993, 15, No 5, 739 for siloxane end groups which give microsegrated regions.
  • compound 9 does not possess either a smectic A or a nematic phase, the miscibility diagrams show that this compound is quite supportive of the smectic A and of the nematic phases in mixtures.
  • the smectic A and the nematic phase transitions do not drop to lower values but are maintained across the diagram until they are dominated by the smectic character of the additives.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a typical cell which consists of three parts - ITO electrodes (1), glass substrates (2) and spacers (3).
  • the method used to fill the cell was to allow the material to flow into the cell at a temperature approximately 10 °C above the clearing point in a vacuum oven.
  • the 5 ⁇ m cells (for Ps and tilt angle measurements) were placed in a Linkam cell holder (THMS/LCC) which provided a connection to electrodes for the application of an electric field.
  • the 1.2 ⁇ m cells (for the switching time studies) were filled and coated with a conductive silver paste on top and bottom to provide a connection to electrodes for the application of an electric field.
  • the cell was placed directly in the heating stage (THM600) on a Zeiss microscope; the heating stage was controlled by the Linkam TP61 temperature controller.
  • the liquid crystal sample was cooled from the isotropic liquid into the SmC phase via the N and SmA phases.
  • Several conditions were tried to obtain optimum alignment in the cells and the best procedure was as follows, a frequency of 200 Hz was applied and a voltage of ⁇ 10 V (2 V ⁇ m "1 for the 5 ⁇ m cells and ⁇ 8.5 V ⁇ m "1 for the 1.2 cells) with a cooling rate of 0.2 ⁇ min "1 .
  • the DFT1 mixture is composed of the following compounds (% by weight):
  • CSmix Chiral Standard mixture
  • BE8OF2N dopant was prepared, to which 25% by weight of a bulky end group compound was added.
  • the chiral dopant BE8OF2N had the formula
  • the aim of the electro-optic study was to compare the effect of a bulky end group on the switching time of the standard CSmix mixture.
  • Each mixture tested contains 25% of a bulky end group material, but only a few materials were tested due to the great difficulty in aligning the sample in the cells.
  • the materials chosen for this study are as follows,
  • ⁇ Compound 5 which contains a bulky trimethylsilyl end group but with an additional methylene ⁇ Compound A is a reference compound with a straight alkoxy chain.
  • Mixture I contained 25% of compound 4 (See Table 1): Mixture II contained 25% of compound 5 (See Table 1). Mixture III contained 25% of compound A.
  • the cell was placed in the Linkam cell holder, and the cell holder was connected to the electronic wave generator and inserted into the THM600 Linkam heating stage on a Zeiss microscope.
  • An AC driving voltage using a triangular waveform was applied so that when the electrical field started to rise in the cell, at a certain point the dipoles would align with the field and the aligned sample would switch.
  • An oscilloscope measured the resulting current, I, from the cell and showed a peak (current pulse) which represents the spontaneous polarisation.
  • the Ps values for all the mixtures were determined by the triangular wave method as 2.0+0.2 nC cm "2 when fully saturated and did not vary for different materials. The presence or nature of the bulky end group did not seem to affect the Ps of the ferroelectric mixture.
  • the tilt angles of the aligned samples were measured by applying a driving voltage using a square waveform across the cell at the same voltage as for the Ps measurements but at a much lower frequency, (typically 10 mHz) to determine the point of extinction. Once the switching had occurred, the sample was rotated through the minimum angle in order to obtain optical extinction again. This measurement gave the cone angle 2 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the tilt angle.
  • the tilt angles for all the mixtures at various temperatures were similar 22.5-23.5°.
  • Each mixture was placed in a 2 ⁇ m cell and the voltage applied was 10 V peak- to-peak at a frequency of 100 Hz.
  • a photodiode (RS303-674; 1 cm 2 active area, high speed >50 ns) in an apparatus designed at DERA, Malvem, detected the difference in the transmission of light through the cell as the molecules changed their orientation in response to the applied electric field.
  • a green eye response filter (Coherent-Eating, 26- 7617-000, 1" diameter, transmittance 400-700 nm, maximum transmittance 539.5 nm) was used to remove any UV and IR radiations that may have affected the results.
  • the photodiode was linked to the oscilloscope and a signal which represented the delayed switching of the molecules within the cell was produced. It was possible to measure the response time in both directions and this is reported as the rise time (0-90% transmission) and the fall time (100-10% transmission). The switching times were reported in ⁇ s.
  • Mixture III switches slower than Mixture II down to 30 °C into the smectic C phase but is faster below that temperature.
  • the rise and fall times run parallel to each other for Mixture II, but for Mixture III the fall time is faster when more than 25 °C into the smectic C phase.
  • Mixture I containing a compound with one methylene less was slower than Mixture II; it rise time and fall time run parallel to each other.
  • an AC field of high frequency can be applied as it will couple to the dielectric tensor without coupling to the Ps vector to maintain the transmission in the maximum or minimum desired states.
  • the equipment used consisted of a Nikon Optiphot polarising microscope, Mettler FP82 heating stage in conjunction with a FP80HT temperature controller, a feedback function generator F6601 A, and an in-house built photodiode assembly and an amplifier (x 10) wave form generator (Wavetek Generator 395) and a Gould oscilloscope model 4072 A.
  • the measurements were taken in a 1:100 duty cycle multiplexing waveform applied from the arbitrary function generator, and the ⁇ /V curves were obtained with a superimposed square wave AC of 50 kHz frequency.
  • the measurements were started at a RMS of 5 V and continued at 2.5 V increm ⁇ nts. When the onset of defects was noticed, the measurements were stopped and the cell was realigned.
  • the cells used and alignment techniques used were identical to those used for the switching studies. The results are shown in Tables 9 and 10.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un composé mésogène de formule (I), dans laquelle M représente un groupe central mésogène, et X et Y sont sélectionnés parmi un groupe fonctionnel, un groupe alkyle éventuellement substitué, un groupe alcényle éventuellement substitué ou un groupe alcynyle éventuellement substitué, à condition qu'au moins un groupe X ou Y soit un groupe de sous-formule (i), où R1 représente une chaîne alkylène ou alkylènoxy linéaire ou ramifiée, dans laquelle est éventuellement intercalé au moins un atome d'oxygène ou de soufre; n vaut 0 ou 1; R5 et R6 représentent indépendamment l'un de l'autre alkyle C1-4 ; R7 représente une chaîne alkyle C1-10 linéaire ou ramifiée.
PCT/GB2002/005033 2001-11-08 2002-11-07 Composes de cristaux liquides, melanges de cristaux liquides les contenant et dispositifs a cristaux liquides WO2003040812A1 (fr)

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GBGB0126849.9A GB0126849D0 (en) 2001-11-08 2001-11-08 Novel compounds
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Cited By (9)

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WO2006075882A1 (fr) 2005-01-13 2006-07-20 Lg Chem, Ltd. Composition de cristaux liquides comprenant de nouveaux composes contenant du silicium, et dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides dans lesquels cette composition est utilisee
WO2006075883A1 (fr) 2005-01-13 2006-07-20 Lg Chem, Ltd. Composition de cristaux liquides comprenant de nouveaux composes contenant du silicium et dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides utilisant celle-ci
WO2010070606A1 (fr) 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Cambridge Enterprise Limited Matériaux cristaux liquides smectiques sur une large plage de températures
US8025937B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2011-09-27 Dow Corning Corporation Bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal devices
US8368831B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2013-02-05 Dow Corning Corporation Oligosiloxane modified liquid crystal formulations and devices using same
US8821992B2 (en) 2007-10-26 2014-09-02 Dow Corning Corporation Oligosiloxane modified liquid crystal formulations and devices using same
JP2014234357A (ja) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-15 Dic株式会社 化合物、液晶組成物、及び表示素子
WO2015130274A1 (fr) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-03 Empire Technology Development Llc Matériaux thermostatiques accordables et procédés pour leur préparation et leur utilisation
JP2015210465A (ja) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-24 セイコーエプソン株式会社 液晶装置の製造方法

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EP1836275A1 (fr) * 2005-01-13 2007-09-26 LG Chemical, Ltd. Composition de cristaux liquides comprenant de nouveaux composes contenant du silicium, et dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides dans lesquels cette composition est utilisee
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JP2008524322A (ja) * 2005-01-13 2008-07-10 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド 新規なシリコン含有化合物を含む液晶組成物及びこれを用いた液晶ディスプレイ装置
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EP1836275A4 (fr) * 2005-01-13 2010-01-20 Lg Chemical Ltd Composition de cristaux liquides comprenant de nouveaux composes contenant du silicium, et dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides dans lesquels cette composition est utilisee
WO2006075882A1 (fr) 2005-01-13 2006-07-20 Lg Chem, Ltd. Composition de cristaux liquides comprenant de nouveaux composes contenant du silicium, et dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides dans lesquels cette composition est utilisee
US7759511B2 (en) 2005-01-13 2010-07-20 Lg Chem, Ltd. Liquid crystal composition comprising novel silicon containing compounds and liquid crystal display device using the same
US8669391B2 (en) 2005-01-13 2014-03-11 Lg Chem, Ltd. Liquid crystal composition comprising novel silicon containing compounds and liquid crystal display device using the same
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US8025937B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2011-09-27 Dow Corning Corporation Bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal devices
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US8980383B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2015-03-17 Cambridge Enterprise Limited Wide temperature-range smectic liquid crystal materials
WO2010070606A1 (fr) 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Cambridge Enterprise Limited Matériaux cristaux liquides smectiques sur une large plage de températures
JP2014234357A (ja) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-15 Dic株式会社 化合物、液晶組成物、及び表示素子
WO2015130274A1 (fr) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-03 Empire Technology Development Llc Matériaux thermostatiques accordables et procédés pour leur préparation et leur utilisation
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