WO2003021079A1 - Procede et dispositif d'extraction et de transport d'hydrates de gaz et de gaz contenus dans des hydrates de gaz - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif d'extraction et de transport d'hydrates de gaz et de gaz contenus dans des hydrates de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003021079A1
WO2003021079A1 PCT/EP2002/009385 EP0209385W WO03021079A1 WO 2003021079 A1 WO2003021079 A1 WO 2003021079A1 EP 0209385 W EP0209385 W EP 0209385W WO 03021079 A1 WO03021079 A1 WO 03021079A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
water
upstream
outflow
gas hydrates
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Application number
PCT/EP2002/009385
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wilhelm Althaus
Jürgen Grän-Heedfeld
Adam Hadulla
Stefan SCHLÜTER
Heyko Jürgen SCHULTZ
Tim Schulzke
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Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
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Publication of WO2003021079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003021079A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • E21B43/35—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well specially adapted for separating solids

Definitions

  • the subject of this invention is a method for the extraction and production of flammable, hydrocarbon-containing gas and gas hydrate from gas hydrate deposits of all kinds for the purpose of material and energetic use.
  • the main application is the deep-sea mining of methane gas from submarine gas hydrate deposits and permafrost areas.
  • the invention also relates to the associated device. The process works using the mammoth pump principle. In addition, preventive removal of unstable or metastable gas hydrate can be carried out with the invention for ecological and safety reasons.
  • Gas hydrates are solid, ice-shaped cage structures in which gas molecules are enclosed by a "cage" made of water olecules. These connections will be chemically counted among the clathrates.
  • the range of possible enclosed gas molecules is wide, C0 2 , H 2 S, simple hydrocarbons such as methane, whereby methane hydrate is the largest part of the gas hydrates (> 90%) and is the most interesting from an economic and ecological point of view.
  • one cubic meter of methane hydrate contains approximately 164 standard cubic meters of gaseous methane and approximately 0.8 standard cubic meters of liquid water.
  • Estimates of global gas hydrate deposits vary between 3 and 7600 trillion m 3 . So far rough estimates indicate that there is approximately twice as much carbon in gas hydrates worldwide as in all known fossil fuel deposits (coal, oil, natural gas) combined.
  • Gas hydrates are formed when there is high pressure, low temperatures, sufficient gas and water.
  • the following options are generally suitable for extracting gas from gas hydrates:
  • the fourth mining method is "mining" mining.
  • the gas can be extracted directly on site.
  • mining of the gas hydrates and subsequent gas extraction in a separate plant is conceivable.
  • Gas hydrates are found in and on the sediments of the ocean floor at depths of more than approx. 300- 500 m, depending on the latitude.
  • the lower limit of the gas hydrate stability zone is determined by the heat rising from the earth's core, which destabilizes the clathrates or prevents formation.
  • gas hydrated layers several meters thick have formed on the seabed.
  • the gas hydrates serve as cement in the pore spaces of the sediment, but also occur in layers or tubers.
  • the sediment layer that is permeated by them can be up to about 1000 m thick.
  • gas hydrates In addition to an enormous energy content, gas hydrates, especially the submarine deposits, have a potential hazard.
  • Warm underground currents can, for example, destabilize gas hydrate deposits on and in the seabed.
  • a sudden release of large amounts of the gas bound in clathrates can cause landslides on the sea floor and undersea mudslides.
  • Crater fields on the seabed indicate the instability of gas hydrate veins.
  • These craters also called “pock arks”
  • Slides and explosive gas releases could result in tsunamis (giant waves) in coastal areas.
  • the landslides also pose a threat to deep-sea cables and drilling platforms. Communication lines can be cut and oil rigs capsized by tsunamis.
  • methane gas releases can have a lasting negative ecological impact, since methane as a greenhouse gas has a strong influence on the global climate. Methane is between 20 and 60 times more climate active than C0 2 . An increased introduction into the atmosphere increases the greenhouse effect.
  • JP 91 58662 recommends the introduction of heated sea water (through the waste heat from a nuclear reactor placed on the sea floor) into a gas hydrate deposit, the gas obtained by melting the gas hydrate being withdrawn from the deposit via a second borehole.
  • WO / 98 44078 a method is known for the degradation of surface gas hydrates on the seabed, wherein various collector arrangements can be applied to the seabed, collect chunks of gas hydrate and released gas and bring them with an impressed flow in a tube-like arrangement to the sea surface, where the obtained Local gas is converted into liquid hydrocarbons for better transport.
  • US 4,424,858 describes a device which contains two tubes arranged one inside the other, the upper end of the inner tube being below the sea level and sucking in sea water, which is conveyed into a deposit in order to dissolve gas hydrate there. The resulting gas is transported to the surface of the sea through the outer tube.
  • the inner tube can extend deeper into the reservoir than the outer one and may be perforated to allow gas from different
  • the outer tube also contains a side arm, which is below the sea level and can be closed for the start-up process, in order to discharge cooled sea water that has risen with the gas.
  • US 4,007,787 proposes to convey light hydrocarbons into the deposit which do not form hydrate under deposit conditions, in order to thereby release the gas from the hydrates.
  • a freezing point depressant can also be injected into the reservoir to accelerate gas production.
  • US Pat. No. 3,969,834 also shows a possibility of using the airlift principle for liquids, suspensions, To promote sions and slurries of seabeds and river beds.
  • a pipe is run from the water surface to the bottom.
  • a collector is attached, which is placed on the medium to be pumped and has a side arm, which allows ambient water to be sucked in.
  • Air is blown into the first pipe via a second pipe and a mixer. This air rises in the pipe and sucks material lying on the floor with it.
  • Another object of the present invention is to propose a method with which it is possible to promote gas hydrates and gases from gas hydrate layers, especially methane gas, in an economically and technically as well as ecologically safe and controlled manner. Another object of the present invention is to provide a corresponding device for carrying out such a method.
  • the extraction of gases from gas hydrates forms a future-proof alternative to the use of conventional fossil raw materials.
  • the controlled destabilization and use of methane contained in natural gas hydrates can stabilize the global energy supply in the long term and by replacing it whose fossil fuels and CO 2 reduction reduce global climate change.
  • the invention permits the extraction and extraction of gas hydrates and gas from gas hydrates from all types of gas hydrate deposits.
  • the extraction of free gas and liquid hydrocarbons that are also present in the deposits can also be carried out by the above beaten equipment can be realized.
  • the invention represents a structurally simple, economical, safe, controllable and environmentally friendly method for obtaining gas hydrates and gas from gas hydrates.
  • the process is largely self-sustaining, and part of the methane gas obtained can be used to heat the circulating water.
  • the cavern formed when the gas hydrates stored in the sea floor are broken down is filled with water and therefore mechanically stabilized.
  • Deposit gas (leakage current) flowing out of the side of the cavern is cooled on the way through the sediment and forms gas hydrate again, whereby the deposit area is additionally cemented and solidified. Due to the new formation of the gas hydrate, no leakage current enters the atmosphere. In contrast to surface degradation, the ecosystems that cover the sea floor are preserved.
  • the introduction of chemicals, additives, inhibitors, etc. can be dispensed with, the dissolution process can take place through the use of other physical phenomena (temperature increase, pressure reduction).
  • the seawater extracted into the deposit contains dissolved NaCl as a natural hydrate inhibitor, which reduces the destabilization of the gas hydrate. supports.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic principle of a erfindungsge ⁇ MAESSEN device in which the Abströmer is arranged coaxially in the Aufströmer.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the device according to FIG. 1, in which a specific separating device and an oil separator are additionally provided in the collecting container.
  • Fig. 3 shows the embodiment in which the upstream and downstream flow is spaced apart.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further alternative of the solution according to the invention, in which the upflow is arranged coaxially in the outflow.
  • FIG. 1 the basic principle of the invention is shown.
  • a pipe arrangement represented here by a double pipe arrangement 1, 2, is introduced into the sea floor 8 up to the gas hydrate deposit 3.
  • the inner tube 2 can be as long as the outer 1 or longer. It can therefore also be embedded deeper into the sea floor. Based on the design of the airlift loop reactor, the two tubes form the up and downflow area.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 is the inner tube 2 of the outflow, the outer tube 1 of the upflow.
  • Fig. 4 The reverse flow guidance is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the outer tube is the outflow 32 and the inner tube is the upflow 33.
  • the bottom or deflection area of the airlift loop reactor is formed by the storage area 3.
  • the head of the reactor is formed by the gas collecting container 4, which can be both an oil rig and a mobile drilling vessel and is also described below as a "sea vehicle”.
  • Water (sea water) heated by a heat exchanger 24 is conveyed through the outflow region into the deposit. There, the temperature is increased by the energy introduced, and the solid gas hydrate is thus destabilized and degassed / evaporated in a controlled manner.
  • the released gas 16 rises in the upstream and is caught in the seacraft and separated from the water.
  • the gas obtained can be used for direct recycling, chemical conversion or transport, the separated water can be circulated and returned to the deposit, which means less heating energy is required than when using "fresh" sea water.
  • the process is self-sustaining after the start-up phase, since the circulating flow is induced by the resulting density difference. The amount of gas released can be safely controlled by the energy brought into the deposit.
  • FIG. 1 provides more detailed information about the head region 4.
  • a part of the water conveyed into the deposit remains there and fills up the cavern formed and thus contributes to mechanical stabilization. There is therefore a loss of water flow which can be compensated for by a fresh water flow 9 led into the head 4 via the pump 23.
  • the product gas 11 obtained can be fed via the valve 25 to a direct recycling, a chemical conversion or a transport device, a partial flow of the gas 12 can be passed via the valve 26, for example, into a burner 13 or other energy generator.
  • the hot combustion gas 14 is used directly or indirectly to heat the outflowing water.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment is shown in which the structure of the sea vehicle has been changed. 2 shows the great variability of the method and the device.
  • a solid phase 17 that rises with the dissolved gas and circulating water is taken into account with torn up solid gas hydrate and / or rock and sediment.
  • the solid particles enter the collecting tank 4 of the sea vehicle with gas and circulating water and can be separated there by various separating devices 19.
  • the possible separating devices are represented in FIG. 2 by way of example by separating plates which collect and separate the solid particles via sedimentation processes.
  • the use of other apparatuses such as hydrocyclones for the separation process described here in the illustrated process is also an object of the invention.
  • the solid particles 20 can be removed from the collection areas by means of the pump 28. It is also possible to put the solid particles back into the cavern or the borehole via the outflow or other devices.
  • Solid gas hydrate pieces rising in the upstream are destabilized by the reduction of the hydrostatic pressure and by the indirect heating of the rising suspension by the heated outflowing circulating water and dissolve.
  • Oil hydrates and their deposits often also contain longer-chain, liquid hydrocarbons (hereinafter referred to as "oils"). Under certain circumstances, these oils 18 are also conveyed into the collecting tank 4 of the reactor and float there due to their lower density.
  • Another object of the invention are separation devices of all kinds, which separate the oil phase from the circulating water and remove it from the reactor head via the pump 29. The oil can be directly used, chemically converted, or transported through the oil drain 22 be fed.
  • the separating device is exemplified in FIG. 2 by an oil trap with separating plates.
  • Another object of the invention is the isolation of the individual reactor components.
  • the insulation of the pipe structure is particularly important for the use of the conveyor device according to the invention in permafrost soil.
  • the constructive design of the upstream and downstream flow is preferably carried out by means of tubes pushed into one another, also of different cross-sectional shapes (oval, round, angular, rectangular, etc.), preferably round, preferably concentric.
  • Pipe diameters can range from 1 cm to 50 m. Dimensions are preferably used as are known from the field of oil drilling, etc.
  • the use of several upstream and downstream streams connected in parallel is possible, as is the use of satellite drilling, i.e. Boreholes at a spatial distance from the main drilling site, for additional, one-sided delivery of water heated to hydrate destabilization into the gas hydrate deposit.
  • the gas hydrates in the deposit can be destabilized by the conveying device according to the invention, in addition to the temperature increase, also by reducing the pressure (applying negative pressure) and using (chemical and physical) destabilizing additives.
  • Start-up phase are also those marked with 30 to provide supporting pumping devices.
  • the favorable structural design prevents the inflow area from becoming blocked by gas hydrate forming in the pipe from the inflowing gas and water (if the formation conditions occur locally), since the outflowing warm circulating water indirectly contributes to heating the inflow area, and the gas hydrate formation conditions are consequently avoided ,
  • the structural design of the pipe arrangement can be of various types, as long as it is carried out according to the mammoth pump principle and is also the subject of this invention.
  • the pipe arrangement of the upstream and downstream areas can e.g. as already mentioned and in FIGS. 1 and 2 are shown as a double pipe arrangement, but can also be carried out, for example, by an arrangement in which the pipes are spatially separated from one another (FIG. 3).
  • the upstream and downstream flow areas can also reach into the deposit at different, spatially separated locations (two or more separate boreholes), so that controlled destabilization occurs at the point at which the outflow plunges into the deposit.
  • the released gas flows through the deposit and is directed into the head through the upstream borehole. In this way, an interaction of the upstream and downstream flow is achieved.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'extraction et de transport de gaz contenus dans des hydrates de gaz à partir de gisements, situés en dessous de la surface de la terre ou de l'eau. Selon ce procédé, a) un fluide est introduit à l'aide d'au moins un dispositif d'écoulement (2), parvenant jusqu'au gisement (3) depuis une zone située au-dessus de la surface de la terre ou de l'eau, b) ce fluide déstabilise au moins partiellement l'hydrate de gaz, de sorte que le gaz se dégage, et c) le gaz dégagé et/ou l'hydrate de gaz est évacué par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un dispositif ascendant (1), qui s'étend du gisement jusqu'à la surface de la terre ou de l'eau.
PCT/EP2002/009385 2001-08-28 2002-08-22 Procede et dispositif d'extraction et de transport d'hydrates de gaz et de gaz contenus dans des hydrates de gaz WO2003021079A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10141896.5 2001-08-28
DE10141896A DE10141896A1 (de) 2001-08-28 2001-08-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung und Förderung von Gashydraten und Gasen aus Gashydraten

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WO2006016333A1 (fr) * 2004-08-10 2006-02-16 Schlumberger Canada Limited Procede d'exploitation d'hydrates gazeux
WO2007072172A1 (fr) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-28 Schlumberger Technology B.V. Procede et systeme de developpement de formations porteuses d'hydrocarbures et comprenant la depressurisation des hydrates de gaz
WO2007117167A1 (fr) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-18 Petru Baciu Procédure et appareil d'extraction de gaz hydrocarbures à partir d'hydrates sous-terrains
CN100386500C (zh) * 2004-12-14 2008-05-07 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种开采天然气水合物的方法及装置
CN100434654C (zh) * 2007-02-09 2008-11-19 中国科学院广州能源研究所 一种海水淡化与海洋天然气水合物开采联产方法
US7546880B2 (en) 2006-12-12 2009-06-16 The University Of Tulsa Extracting gas hydrates from marine sediments
CN101555797B (zh) * 2009-05-19 2011-08-03 四川大学 海底天然气水合物开采装置及其开采方法
EP2382371A2 (fr) * 2008-12-31 2011-11-02 Chevron U.S.A. Incorporated Procédé et système destinés à produire des hydrocarbures à partir d'un réservoir d'hydrates à l'aide d'un gaz de balayage
CN103291253A (zh) * 2013-07-06 2013-09-11 李贤明 海床天然气水合物的收集办法及系统
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EP2318653A4 (fr) * 2008-08-25 2017-09-27 Chevron U.S.A., Inc. Procédé et système de production et de traitement conjoints d'hydrocarbures à partir de réservoirs d'hydrates de gaz naturel et d'hydrocarbures traditionnels
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CN108035699A (zh) * 2017-11-27 2018-05-15 华南理工大学 一种利用海底地热能原位开采天然气水合物的系统及方法
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WO2019223265A1 (fr) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-28 西南石油大学 Procédé et système d'extraction d'un flux à l'état solide d'hydrate de gaz naturel en condition de circulation vers l'avant sous-équilibrée
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