WO2003015499A1

WO2003015499A1 - Forestry machine

Info

Publication number: WO2003015499A1
Application number: PCT/SE2002/001448
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jan Carlsson; Christer Lennartsson
Original assignee: Fiberpac Kb
Priority date: 2001-08-21
Filing date: 2002-08-12
Publication date: 2003-02-27
Also published as: EP1427272A1; CA2457125A1; US20040240977A1; CA2457125C; BR0212006A; ATE415081T1; US7100647B2; SE0102772D0; DE60230049D1; EP1427272B1

Abstract

A forestry machine with devices for felling, trimming and cutting trees includes a control system with operating means which are actuable by an operator. The operating means control the felling, trimming and cutting devices, as well as the movements of the forestry machine. The operating means are disposed discrete and separate from the forestry machine so that the working environment of the operator is free of thr turnings, jolts and vibrations which the forestry machine is subjected to during operation. Preferably, the operator and the operating means are placed in a load-carrying vehicle on which the forestry machine loads the felled trees. A system for forest felling comprises a felling unit and an operating module. The operating module is disposed discrete and separate from the felling unit. Preferably, the operating module is disposed in a load-carrying vehicle which receives felled trees from the felling unit.

Description

FORESTRY MACHINE

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a forestry machine with devices for felling, trimming and cutting trees, comprising a control system which has operating means actuable by an operator for controlling the felling, trimming and cutting devices, as well as the movements of the forestry machine proper, the operating means being disposed discrete and separate from the forestry machine.

The present invention further relates to a system for felling, comprising a felling unit and an operating module, the operating module being disposed discrete and separate from the felling unit.

BACKGROUND ART

For some years, modern forestry has been developing towards an increasingly higher degree of mechanisation. For working duties where chain saws were previously used, "two stage grip" forestry machines began to be employed in the 1970s, which entailed that the manual handling of trees and timber declined. Such forestry machines are characterised by having a gripping device which grasps the tree to be felled already in connection with the felling operation. Thereafter, the tree is grasped once more and moved to a trimming unit, preferably on the same forestry machine. This treatment thus takes place in two stages, and in daily parlance this type of machine is therefore known as a "two stage gripper".

During the 1990s, the forestry machines were even further refined and made more efficient, and forestry machines which grasp the tree to be felled, carry out the felling operation, and also trim and cut the tree in one and the same operation were introduced. This type of forestry machine is called in daily parlance a "single stage gripper", since the tree is grasped only once. This younger generation of forestry machines is not only more rapid and more efficient but also lighter. The earlier "two stage grippers" had a weight of between 20 and 30 tonnes, while the new machines weigh only 15 to 20 tonnes. Both types of machines run on inflatable rubber wheels which have a large springing ability. Since the tree which is cut and handled has a considerable mass, this results in.pronounced swaying and jolts in the forestry machine when the tree bends or is moved at all by the machine. In addition to these movements, there are also movements which are the result of the uneven terrain, and also vibrations from engines, hydraulic systems, fans, pumps and the like. Taken as a whole, these movements result in an extremely unpleasant and unsuitable working environment for the operator controlling the machine.

The operators are afflicted by numerous problems as a result of the constant turnings and movements of the forestry machine, for example nausea, headaches, fatigue and loss of concentration. Since the operators must constantly parry these often random movements, problems also occur in muscular tension. In the long term, the poor working environment has resulted in wear and tear on the operators, in the skeleton, joints and muscles, and the risk of sickness absenteeism and early retirement is high.

The movements ofthe forestry machines are even so pronounced that the operators fend off to parry such movements and at worst to such a degree that the operating devices are subjected to extreme stresses and run the risk of being snapped off. While safety belts are mounted in most forestry machines, they are experienced by the operators as impractical and inconvenient and, as a result, are seldom worn.

In certain cases, downright dangerous situations may occur such as in the cutting of wind- felled trees. Such trees are occasionally trapped under other trees and can powerfully spring back on being cut and cause serious personal injury as well as damage to equipment.

In addition to the human suffering, there are also economic aspects to this problem. When the operators are afflicted by the above-mentioned problems, their productivity is reduced, among other things because of difficulties in concentrating and fatigue. The need for breaks increases far beyond that which is normal for the average in working life. The risk of faulty judgement and negligence also increases, which may involve additional costs for scrapped machinery. Even more serious is that such faulty judgement and negligence may lead to injury to human beings and also to costly repairs to equipment. Reduced productivity may even take such expression that operators are disinclined to move themselves and their forestry machines more than is necessary, with the result that, among other things, felled trees lie scattered about in the terrain and efficient transport is impeded. Moreover, the transport vehicles -increase the wear stresses on the land.

The above-outlined problems have increased because of a growingly unfavourable relationship between the mass of the felled tree trunks and the mass of the machine. At the same time as the machines have become lighter and quicker, development has also moved towards higher awareness in matters relating to the working environment and, in addition, there are now stricter demands on comfort than before.

One conceivable attempt to solve this problem could be to provide the forestry machine with collapsible stabiliser feet, but, on the one hand, the protraction and retraction of such feet takes far too long a time and, on the other hand, the terrain is seldom flat enough and firm enough for such feet to be usable.

A further problem inherent in existing forestry machines is visibility. Granted, the cab o the operator is in an elevated position and an overview of the units ofthe machine is quite good, but one result of the elevated placing of the cab is that it is difficult to see the surrounding terrain, and objects which are located in the vicinity immediately close to the forestry machine. Another problem concerning visibility is that the terrain and surrounding trees constitute restrictions in the choice of the position of the forestry machine. This may entail that the operator is forced to work looking into the sunlight, which partly affects safety and partly increases fatigue and the discomfort as described above.

The noise level in forestry machines is generally quite high and fatiguing in the long term. Moreover, this affects concentration, with resultant problems, and also increases the risk of damage to hearing. Granted, some form of hearing protection can be employed, but they are seldom used in practice, since they are experienced by the operator as an obstacle to his work.

In order to reduce turning movements, jolts and vibrations, various types of suspension devices for the operator's driving seat have been worked on. A few examples of devices employed are hydraulic dampers, friction dampers and compensation with the aid of electronic transducers. Unfortunately, the results have not come up to expectation, partly because the damping does not function adequately, and partly because, even if the seat is kept relatively still, the surrounding cab will move, which entails that problems in travel sickness, fatigue and difficulties in concentrating will be more or less the same as before.

Another attempted solution is to apply the same type of damping and suspension to the cab as a whole, but, on the one hand the damping is insufficient, and, on the other hand, the rest of the machine will continue to move, for which reason the above-outlined problems of travel sickness and fatigue remain unsolved.

Hence, the above problems together combine to form an extremely unsuitable working environment and attempts have been made to come to grips with at least a part of these problems. However, at worst the solutions may counteract each other. An elevated cab which, to some degree improves visibility, has the disadvantage that it entails even more pronounced pivotal movements for the operator when the forestry machine is driven in certain types of terrain.

As was mentioned above, safety belts to restrain the operator and reduce muscular tension are seldom used since they are experienced as being impractical and inconvenient.

PROBLEM STRUCTURE

The object of the present invention is to realise a considerably improved working environment for the operator as regards principally undesired movements and noise.

SOLUTION

The object forming the basis of the present invention will be attained if the forestry machine intimated by way of introduction is given the characterising feature that the operator and the operating means are placed on a load-carrying vehicle on which the forestry machine loads the felled trees.

Regarding the system, the object of the present invention will be attained if this is characterised in that the operating module is disposed in a load-carrying vehicle which receives felled trees from the felling unit. Further advantages will be attained if the present invention is given any of the further characterising features as set forth in appended Claims 2 to 4 and 6 to 8, respectively.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The invention relates to a forestry machine for the felling and further processing of trees. In addition to the felling unit, preferably in the form of a saw device, there are additional means for processing the felled tree trunk. Normally, this is a matter of trimming devices and devices for cutting the felled tree trunk into manageable lengths. The various devices on the forestry machine are generally powered hydraulically and controlled by means of electronic control signals from computers or electric circuits. Unlike the prior art forestry machines, the forestry machine according to the present invention does not have any cab for the operator.

The devices that are placed on the forestry machine receive their control signals from an operating means. The operating means is, unlike the prior art forestry machines, separate and discrete from, and preferably placed a distance from the forestry machine. Thus, the operator need not be himself on or in the vicinity of the forestry machine. As a result, the working environment for the operator can be considerably improved.

As was intimated above, the forestry machine according to the present invention includes certain devices and units which are previously known in the art. Typically, this type of forestry machine is articulated so that a rear half and a front half are movable in relation to one another and can assume an angle in relation to one another. The wheels of the machine are inflatable rubber wheels and the suspension of the wheels is such that a levelling out of the forestry machine can be achieved. Normally, the forestry machine is four-wheel drive, even though driving on fewer or more wheels may also occur. Possibly, the wheels of the machine may also be provided with chains or the like for increased terrain access.

As was mentioned above, in the forestry machine according to the present invention, there is no cab for the operator on the vehicle. The forestry machine can then be lower, which entails several advantages. For example, it is easier for the forestry machine to pass under low depending tree branches, the risk of collision with power lines is reduced and a person placed a distance from the forestry machine finds it easier to look over the machine. The fact that the forestry machine according to the present invention does not have a cab for the operator also entails that space on the vehicle is made available, and it is possible to utilise this space for other per se known assemblies and units, such as bundlers or devices for ground scarification. The presence of bundlers is particularly advantageous since a so-called "total felling" or clearance may more simply be put into effect. Branchwood, branches and similar waste which is to be bundled, possibly for recycling, spends but a short time on the ground and will thereby be less susceptible to pollution. Finally, the absence of a cab also entails that the point of gravity of the forestry machine is displaced downwards and its stability is thereby improved.

The operating means which is placed discrete and separate from the forestry machine comprises a preferred panel with levers primarily of the joystick type. The panel may also be provided with contactors and other regulators for the engagement and disengagement of various functions. With the aid ofthe regulators on the panel, control signals are generated for controlling the movements of the forestry machine and movements in its different devices. The control signals can be transmitted to the forestry machine in various ways. One possibility is that the signals are transmitted via a cable. This variation is principally usable in short range operation between the operator and the forestry machine another alternative is a wireless transmission ofthe control signals. This variation is particularly advantageous when the distance between the operator and the forestry machine is great and when the terrain and vegetation between the place where the operator is located and the place where the forestry machine is working are unsuitable for a cable. The wireless transmission may be put into effect using various types of techniques, but preferably using such techniques as are employed for the wireless transmission of data between computers and peripheral equipment.

All functions in the forestry machine with its various devices are controllable from the remote control panel. In the preferred embodiment, the control of all functions of the forestry machine is gathered in a single computer, which entails that the operating means may be made as simple as possible.

As was mentioned previously, the operator, together with the operating means in the form of a control panel, is a distance away from the forestry machine. If the weather is pleasant, the operator can at discretion be out in the open terrain. However, in many cases it is better if the operator is housed in an accompanying vehicle which can move in forest terrain and be stationary during work. The environment in the vehicle may be optimised, for example by heating appliances or air conditioning and the seat in which the operator sits can be of maximum ergonomic design. The major difference in relation to prior art technology, where the operator was placed in a driver's cab on the forestry machine, is that turning, rocking, jolts and vibrations from the forestry machine are wholly eliminated from the operator's working environment. The reaction forces which are generated by the trees which are felled do not at all affect the vehicle in which the operator is located. The operator can control the forestry machine so that felled and cut timber is placed in optimum positions at the felling site, which simplifies transport, and also minimises wear stresses on the vegetation from the transport vehicles. Naturally, it is necessary that the accompanying vehicle move at regular intervals, but not at all to the extent to which the forestry machine proper moves while work is in progress.

It is particularly advantageous if the accompanying vehicle at the same time acts as a transport vehicle, a so-called forwarder. In such instance, the tree-felling forestry machine is controllable so that it loads felled and cut timber directly on the forwarder. It is especially advantageous if the load area ofthe forwarder, i.e. its load-carrying platform, is pivotal so that its direction can be adapted to correspond to the forestry machine and the direction of the newly-felled timber. As a result, loading onto the forwarder is considerably simplified. By such means, a separate (and often time-consuming) working phase for loading the forwarder is thereby avoided. Previously, this working phase could take up to 25% of the total working time when the felled trunks must be collected and loaded separately. Since only one lifting operation takes place, fuel will also be saved. Moreover, timber quality will be improved if the cut timber is gathered up directly without waiting time for collection. Only a minor quantity of chemicals need be added to fresh pulp wood on pulp production, compared with such pulp wood as has lain on the ground for up to a month before being transported away. This in turn gives an improved environment and lower costs.

Another advantage, in particular in timber which is to be sawn into boards is that the presence of foreign matter such as stones, gravel, and humus on the end surfaces of the timber is reduced, which in turn improves timber quality and reduces the risk of damage to saw blades and other equipment in the sawmill. If desired, it is possible to provide each forestry machine according to the present invention with two or more forwarders which take turns to receive felled timber and transport the timber to the closest public road in shuttle traffic.

In this instance, a host computer is suitably provided in the forestry machine, while a so- called "administration unit" is disposed in each forwarder. When one forwarder is fully loaded and the next forwarder is to take its place, computer files are transferred from the administration unit on the new forwarder to the host computer in the forestry machine so that all values in the host computer are zeroised and no unexpected movements are carried out. Possibly, the replacement and zeroisation can take place by means of a regulator in the forwarder, for example in its driver's seat.

Production data can advantageously be stored in the host computer or respectively in the administration units. Each forwarder will then have its own production report in which the quantity of felled timber which the relevant forwarder has transported can be read-off, the dimensions of he timber, prices etc. At the same time as the timber is felled by the forestry machine, data is transferred to the administration unit of the forwarder and the production report is continuously updated. The advantage will hereby be afforded that it is possible to obtain an extremely accurate overview of the quantity of timber which has been transported by the forwarder and which is now available at a public road.

The host computer is also rehearsed so that it is automatically zeroised when it loses power. When the power returns, the forestry machine will therefore remain immobile until the necessary computer files have once again been fed into the host computer from the nearest forwarder.

The noise level to which the operator was previously exposed in the forestry machine is drastically reduced in the accompanying vehicle. Among other things, the effects from such noise as is generated on the processing of the felled trees, noise from fans, noise from hydraulic systems and pumps, as well as engine noise which occurs in the constant ongoing movements ofthe forestry machine are all reduced. Per se it is possible that these noises may be audible from the place of the operator in the accompanying vehicle, but since the volume of noise fades by the square root of the distance from its source, the noise level is considerably lower. A further advantage inherent in the forestry machine according to the present invention is that the operator can seek out the optimum position for monitoring the forestry machine. This implies not least that positions where the operator is obliged to work into the sunlight, can, to a very degree, be avoided.

Finally, the forestry machine and the forestry felling system according to the present invention enjoy the advantage that the operator will have a more alternating occupation, which in itself reduces the risk of repetitive strain injuries. The operator works, on the one hand, with harvesting, in other words, manages the forestry machine, and, on the other hand, with the transport of the felled timber. The two working duties are carried out at intervals and give the operator more change than was previously possible. The alternation in work will become a natural part of work and will, therefore, not be neglected.

To sum up, major advantages will be attained in the operator's working environment and the problems described by way of introduction relating to travel' sickness, fatigue and difficulties in concentration can be as good as totally obviated. The operator is capable of working more efficiently and with a higher level of concentration, which gives a higher productivity output level and improved safety awareness. Moreover, the human advantages are considerable, as the risk of stress, wear and other occupational injuries is reduced considerably. Finally, as was mentioned above, it is possible to improve the logistics in transporting off the felled trees, which is profitable and entails reduced stress and wear on the land and vegetation.

The present invention may be modified without departing from the scope of the appended Claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A forestry machine with devices for felling, trimming and cutting trees, comprising a control system which has operating means actuable by an operator for controlling the felling, trimming and cutting devices, as well as the movements ofthe forestry machine, the operating means being disposed discrete and separate from the forestry machine, characterised in that the operator and the operating means are placed in a load-carrying vehicle onto which the forestry machine loads the felled trees.

2. The forestry machine as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that a host computer is disposed on the forestry machine for receiving data from a computer unit on the load-carrying vehicle.

3. The forestry machine as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the host computer is rehearsed for receiving data from two or more different computer units on different load- carrying vehicles in sequence after one another.

4. The forestry machine as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a device for bundling felled material is disposed thereon.

5. A system for forestry felling comprising a felling unit and an operating module, the operating module being disposed discrete and separate from the felling unit, characterised in that the operating module is disposed in a load-carrying vehicle which receives felled trees from the felling unit.

6. The system as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that a plurality of operating modules is disposed in each load-carrying vehicle which in sequence after one another receive felled trees from the felling unit.

7. The system as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the load-carrying vehicles are disposed for shuttle traffic between the felling unit and a storage or delivery site disposed a distance therefrom.

8. The system as claimed in any of Claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the felling unit includes a device for bundling felled material.