WO2003012435A1 - Methode de determination d'au moins une propriete energetique d'un melange combustible gazeux par mesure de proprietes physiques du melange gazeux. - Google Patents
Methode de determination d'au moins une propriete energetique d'un melange combustible gazeux par mesure de proprietes physiques du melange gazeux. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003012435A1 WO2003012435A1 PCT/FR2002/002739 FR0202739W WO03012435A1 WO 2003012435 A1 WO2003012435 A1 WO 2003012435A1 FR 0202739 W FR0202739 W FR 0202739W WO 03012435 A1 WO03012435 A1 WO 03012435A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- physical properties
- equivalent
- mixture
- composition
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives
- G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
Definitions
- Method for determining at least one energy property of a gaseous combustible mixture by measuring the physical properties of the gaseous mixture.
- the subject of the present invention is a method for determining at least one energy property of a gaseous fuel mixture by measuring the physical properties of the gas mixture, determining the composition of a gas equivalent to said gas mixture and deducing the energy properties from from said composition.
- the energy properties such as the calorific value of a gas, the Wobbe index, the combustive power or even the methane index are of great industrial interest. Indeed, a variation in gas composition (for example natural gas), due to a multitude of sources of supply (Algerian, Norwegian, Russian gas etc.), can cause serious damage in stationary gas-powered engines. These motors are generally used for the simultaneous production of heat and electricity (cogeneration). Furthermore, the efficient use of gaseous fuels in internal combustion engines depends mainly on their ignition properties and their combustion properties.
- the energy property used to monitor variations in the quality of natural gas vis-à-vis the detonating power is the methane index.
- Combustible gases which have relative importance vis-à-vis very different energy properties, also have various origins: wood carbonization gas, coal gasification gas, natural gases, etc.
- the direct determination of. calorific value can be carried out using hand calorimeters and automatic calorimeters, such as for example the calorimetric bomb, calorimeters type Junkers and the microcalorimeter Union.
- the method for calculating the calorific value takes into account the measurement of two physical properties (speed of sound and thermal conductivity).
- This method was developed using natural gases representative of the whole range of gases encountered in the gas distribution system in Great Britain. Laboratory experiments carried out with these natural gases made it possible to determine the speed of sound of these gases and then to correlate these results with the calorific value.
- a second physical property thermal conductivity
- ThC ⁇ is the thermal conductivity at temperature T h
- T L - SoS is the speed of sound at room temperature
- a second method for determining the calorific value is based on knowing the rate of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the gas as well as the value of the density of this gas.
- the proposed relation was used by Candwell (1967) and is only valid for gases whose Wobbe index is between
- Methane index measurements are generally carried out on a standard CFR RDH (Coplacetive Fuel Research / Removable Dvant Head) search engine, according to the operating conditions defined by Christoph et al. "Evaluation of anti-knock power of gaseous fuels by means of the methane number and their practical application in gas engines ”in MTZ 33, April 1972 n ° 10.
- IM j methane index of the binary or tertiary group j
- y j volume concentration of the mixture j in the total mixture
- MI j The difference between MI j must not differ by more than five points, • A group, at least, must have three components,
- the index is determined without taking these products into account. In this case, the error is less than two index points.
- methane index is calculated according to the following equation:
- IM IM (without) + IM (inert) - 100 (5) with:
- Correlation IM f (PCI, xC02, density or density)
- the first method makes it possible to determine the composition of the gases as a function of the PCI, the density and the rate of CO2 (calculation algorithm), thus making it possible to calculate the methane index with the AVL program based on experimental results on engine.
- CFR cf. “Evaluation of the Antiknocking Property of Gasseous Fuels by means of the Méthane Number and. Its Partical Application to Gas Engines. ASME Paper 72-DGP-4, April 1972. Leiker M, et al.”
- An assumption is made on the nitrogen content of the gas.
- the final composition of the gas is determined by an iterative calculation algorithm integrating a series of second order correlations in PCI (EP 0 939 317 A2).
- the second process makes it possible to determine the composition of the gases as a function of the electrical permittivity, the density and the rate of carbon dioxide in the gas. Two hypotheses are made on the nitrogen content and on the PCI of the hydrocarbons. The final composition of the gas is also determined by an iterative calculation algorithm integrating a series of second order correlations in PCI (EP 1 081 494 Al).
- the present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and proposes a new method which is simple to use and intended for determining at least one energy property of gases (natural gas, biogas, etc.), which has numerous advantages, in particular in particular the simultaneous determination of the methane index and the calorific value of the gases which are two essential characteristics for the proper functioning of cogeneration gas engines.
- the method according to the present invention for determining at least one energy property of a gas mixture consists in:
- the gas mixture to be tested can be a gaseous fuel, such as a natural gas or a biological gas, such as biogas or even a gasification gas.
- Said mixture can consist of methane and include inert materials, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
- the gas mixture can contain at least one other C 2 -C 5 alkane, such as, for example, pethane, propane, butane or pentane.
- the equivalent gas may also contain hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide.
- the equivalent gas may contain n + 1 compounds, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1 and preferably equal to 2 or 3.
- the physical properties considered for the measurement can include the speed of sound, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, density, refractive index, dielectric constant of gases, infrared absorption or any other physical property of a gas. at a temperature T.
- pairs of physical properties ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 will be used below:
- the determined energy properties can include the methane index, the calorific value, the Wobbe index and the combustive power.
- a calibration is carried out either by carrying out several series of measurements of the physical properties ⁇ i of an equivalent gas having n + 1 compounds and the composition of which is known, or by using a numerical method, such as for example that described in ASTM D 25-98-68 and the relationship between said physical properties and the content of each constituent of said equivalent gas is determined.
- Equivalent only means that gas with n. + 1 compounds has the same n physical properties as "real" gas (same speed of sound and same thermal conductivity for example) whose energy properties are to be determined.
- the ternary diagram will be based on the equivalent ternary composition of CH4-C 2 H 6 -N 2 , CH 4 -C 2 H 6 -C 3 H 8 , CH 4 -C 2 H 6 -C 4 H 10 or Cftr Hg- C 4 H 10 -N 2 .
- real gases such as natural gas can contain up to 5 to 6 separate compounds, sometimes even more.
- a ternary diagram (respectively quaternary) makes it possible to represent a gas mixture containing only three compounds (respectively four compounds) distinct.
- natural gases can be represented by a pseudo-composition or “equivalent” gas in this type of diagram.
- Figure 1 represents a ternary diagram Xi-X 2 -X 3 in which the measurements of two distinct physical properties will be represented.
- the physical properties correspond to a measurement of said physical properties.
- the representative curve of ⁇ i which corresponds for example to a measurement of the speed of sound of 300 ms "1 , represents an infinity of distinct ternary compositions (a mixture of three gases or a ternary composition is always represented by a point on the diagram).
- X 3 l - X 1 - X 2 ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 designate here the two physical properties used to determine any gas triplet from the above equations.
- X ⁇ , X and X 3 denote the contents of the three compounds of the ternary gas.
- Xio corresponds to the lower limit of the axis Xi (0.4 in Figure 1 on the left) and X 2 o corresponds to the lower limit of the axis X 2 (0.2 in Figure 1 on the left).
- Figure 2 represents an example of a Xi-X 2 -X 3 ternary diagram in which the measurements of two distinct physical properties will be represented. This. diagram is further indexed by the content of a fourth compound X (Xi ⁇ CH 4 , X 2 s C 2 H 6 , Xi ⁇ C 3 H 8 and X 4 ⁇ N 2 ).
- each ternary compound is finally given according to the physical properties and the fourth compound X 4 .
- Xi, X 2 and X 3 are expressed as a function of the coefficients, which depend on the physical properties and the temperature).
- Xi fi ⁇ Xio, ⁇ i, ⁇ 2, X4. T)
- X 1; X 2 and X 3 denote the contents of the three compounds of the ternary gas.
- X 10 corresponds to the lower limit of the axis Xi and X 20 corresponds to the lower limit of the axis X 2 .
- Adding a constraint X 4 requires the measurement of a third physical property sensitive to X. This property should be simple to measure.
- the relations giving the quadruplet X 15 X 2 , X 3 and X 4 characterize the whole of the quaternary diagram. They depend on the category of gas considered (natural gas, biogas or gasification gas). They can also be easily determined by a person skilled in the art using conventional modeling means. The use of a quaternary diagram makes it possible to refine the precision for the calculation of complicated properties such as the methane index.
- Each of the coefficients depends on the physical properties and is indexed with the rate of nitrogen in the gas.
- condition for applying this model is to be able to determine the nitrogen rate or else to determine the inert rate in the gas (nitrogen + carbon dioxide) from a third physical property.
- This must be a property sensitive to nitrogen or to inert materials, which is the case for dynamic viscosity, refractive index and infrared absorption.
- - X10 designates the lower limit of axis XI
- - X20 designates the lower limit of the X2 axis
- x x , 2 ⁇ ' ⁇ > x j ( bi ( ⁇ ,, 4 ) ⁇ b 2 (y 2 , X 4 ) 2b, ( ⁇ handedZ 4 ) ⁇ / 3 a 2 ( ⁇ 2 , X 4 ) - a ⁇ ( ⁇ l , X 4 ) • ⁇ 3
- the subject of the present invention is also a device for implementing the method according to the invention, said device comprising:
- the ternary gases used were respectively the ternary gases CHU- H ⁇ -CsHs and CH 4 -C 2 H 6 -N 2.
- the physical properties ⁇ i and ⁇ 2 were respectively: - the thermal conductivity and the index of refraction for ternary gas CH -
- the method of the invention makes it possible to determine the physical properties of a gas mixture with an average deviation of the order of 1%.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/484,820 US7091509B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Method for determining at least one energetic property of a gas fuel mixture by measuring physical properties of the gas mixture |
BRPI0211547-6A BR0211547B1 (pt) | 2001-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | mÉtodo de determinaÇço de ao menos uma propriedade energÉtica de uma mistura combustÍvel gasosa por medida de propriedades fÍsicas da mistura gasosa. |
EP02791512A EP1412742A1 (fr) | 2001-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Methode de determination d'au moins une propriete energetique d'un melange combustible gazeux par mesure de proprietes physiques du melange gazeux. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR01/10197 | 2001-07-30 | ||
FR0110197A FR2827961B1 (fr) | 2001-07-30 | 2001-07-30 | Methode de determination d'au moins une propriete energetique d'un melange combustible gazeux par mesure de proprietes physiques du melange gazeux |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2003012435A1 true WO2003012435A1 (fr) | 2003-02-13 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2002/002739 WO2003012435A1 (fr) | 2001-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Methode de determination d'au moins une propriete energetique d'un melange combustible gazeux par mesure de proprietes physiques du melange gazeux. |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7091509B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1412742A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1256586C (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0211547B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2827961B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2288471C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003012435A1 (fr) |
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US7487663B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2009-02-10 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co. | Method for selecting fuel to both optimize the operating range and minimize the exhaust emissions of HCCI engines |
DE102006030964A1 (de) * | 2006-07-03 | 2008-01-10 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentrationen von Komponenten eines Gasgemisches |
DE102008029553B3 (de) * | 2008-06-21 | 2009-11-26 | Elster Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Gasqualität eines zumindest teilweise mit Biogas oder aufbereitetem Biogas versetzten Probengasen |
DE102008038278B3 (de) * | 2008-08-18 | 2009-10-22 | Elster Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Gasqualität von Synthesegas |
JP5075986B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-01 | 2012-11-21 | アズビル株式会社 | 発熱量算出式作成システム、発熱量算出式の作成方法、発熱量算出システム、及び発熱量の算出方法 |
JP5759780B2 (ja) | 2011-05-09 | 2015-08-05 | アズビル株式会社 | 発熱量測定システム及び発熱量の測定方法 |
JP5781968B2 (ja) | 2012-03-27 | 2015-09-24 | アズビル株式会社 | 発熱量測定システム及び発熱量の測定方法 |
US9291610B2 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2016-03-22 | Gas Technology Institute | Method and apparatus for real-time measurement of fuel gas compositions and heating values |
US9354220B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-05-31 | Caterpillar Inc. | Engine system having fuel quality sensor |
NL2011821C2 (nl) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-26 | Hobré Instr B V | Werkwijze voor het analyseren van een biogas, alsmede een inrichting daarvoor. |
US9658204B2 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2017-05-23 | Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. | Stoichiometric air to fuel ratio sensor system |
US20150377161A1 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-12-31 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for engine control incorporating fuel properties |
FR3030681B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-18 | 2017-07-21 | Gdf Suez | Procede et dispositif d'ajustement de la composition d'un gaz naturel liquefie |
EP3265791B1 (fr) * | 2015-03-05 | 2019-01-16 | Sensirion AG | Détermination de paramètres de fluide |
JP6402387B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-11 | 2018-10-10 | 理研計器株式会社 | 熱量測定装置および熱量測定方法 |
WO2017013897A1 (fr) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | 理研計器株式会社 | Procédé de calcul d'indice de méthane et dispositif de mesure d'indice de méthane |
US10132251B2 (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2018-11-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Fuel sensor for a variable-blend natural gas appliance using the Wobbe Index |
DE102015117468A1 (de) | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-20 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Verfahren zum Bestimmen von Eigenschaften eines kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Gasgemisches und Vorrichtung dafür |
DE102016201350B4 (de) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-12-21 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zum Ermitteln der Zusammensetzung eines Gasgemisches |
FR3060796B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-07-05 | Engie | Procede pour calculer en temps reel l'indice de methane mn d'un gaz naturel liquefie |
DE102017106904A1 (de) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-04 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Methanzahl eines kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Brenngasgemischs |
EP3421947B1 (fr) | 2017-06-30 | 2019-08-07 | Sensirion AG | Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de capteur de débit |
NL2020712B1 (nl) * | 2018-04-04 | 2019-10-10 | Hobre Instr B V | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het meten van de hoeveelheid waterstof in een gas |
WO2020223441A1 (fr) | 2019-05-02 | 2020-11-05 | Cummins Inc. | Procédé, appareil et système de commande de fonctionnement de moteur à gaz naturel en fonction de propriétés de carburant |
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FR2543687A1 (fr) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-05 | Raffinage Cie Francaise | Procede et dispositif pour la determination, en continu, de la teneur en l'un de ses constituants, d'un melange eventuellement heterogene |
US4594510A (en) | 1985-03-01 | 1986-06-10 | Brown Chris W | Heat energy measuring system |
WO1998025128A1 (fr) | 1996-12-04 | 1998-06-11 | Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft | Procede et dispositif pour determiner la nature d'un melange gazeux |
EP0939317A2 (fr) | 1998-02-28 | 1999-09-01 | Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft | Méthode pour déterminer la composition gazeuse du gaz combustible |
EP0959354A2 (fr) | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-24 | N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie | Méthode pour la détermination sans combustion de la valeur calorifique d'un gaz carburant |
WO2000011465A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-02 | Lattice Intellectual Property Limited | Mesure de la consommation d'energie |
WO2000050874A1 (fr) | 1999-02-24 | 2000-08-31 | Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft | Procede et dispositif de mesure de la puissance calorifique et/ou de l'indice de wobbe de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel |
EP1081494A1 (fr) | 1999-08-30 | 2001-03-07 | Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé permettant de mesurer sans combustion le pouvoir calorifique d'un gaz combustible |
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US5103181A (en) | 1988-10-05 | 1992-04-07 | Den Norske Oljeselskap A. S. | Composition monitor and monitoring process using impedance measurements |
RU2051318C1 (ru) | 1993-05-28 | 1995-12-27 | Российско-украинско-американо-шведское совместное предприятие "АКЕЛА" | Способ получения криптона и ксенона из смеси газов и устройство для его осуществления |
FR2776776B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-24 | 2000-04-28 | Schlumberger Ind Sa | Dispositif et procede de mesure directe de l'energie calorifique contenue dans un gaz combustible |
-
2001
- 2001-07-30 FR FR0110197A patent/FR2827961B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-30 WO PCT/FR2002/002739 patent/WO2003012435A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-30 BR BRPI0211547-6A patent/BR0211547B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 US US10/484,820 patent/US7091509B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-30 CN CN02817172.1A patent/CN1256586C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-30 EP EP02791512A patent/EP1412742A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-30 RU RU2004102387/04A patent/RU2288471C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2543687A1 (fr) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-10-05 | Raffinage Cie Francaise | Procede et dispositif pour la determination, en continu, de la teneur en l'un de ses constituants, d'un melange eventuellement heterogene |
US4594510A (en) | 1985-03-01 | 1986-06-10 | Brown Chris W | Heat energy measuring system |
WO1998025128A1 (fr) | 1996-12-04 | 1998-06-11 | Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft | Procede et dispositif pour determiner la nature d'un melange gazeux |
EP0939317A2 (fr) | 1998-02-28 | 1999-09-01 | Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft | Méthode pour déterminer la composition gazeuse du gaz combustible |
EP0959354A2 (fr) | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-24 | N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie | Méthode pour la détermination sans combustion de la valeur calorifique d'un gaz carburant |
WO2000011465A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-02 | Lattice Intellectual Property Limited | Mesure de la consommation d'energie |
WO2000050874A1 (fr) | 1999-02-24 | 2000-08-31 | Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft | Procede et dispositif de mesure de la puissance calorifique et/ou de l'indice de wobbe de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel |
EP1081494A1 (fr) | 1999-08-30 | 2001-03-07 | Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé permettant de mesurer sans combustion le pouvoir calorifique d'un gaz combustible |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2004102387A (ru) | 2005-07-10 |
CN1256586C (zh) | 2006-05-17 |
FR2827961A1 (fr) | 2003-01-31 |
FR2827961B1 (fr) | 2004-01-23 |
CN1549927A (zh) | 2004-11-24 |
US20040195531A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
BR0211547B1 (pt) | 2013-02-05 |
BR0211547A (pt) | 2004-07-13 |
US7091509B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
EP1412742A1 (fr) | 2004-04-28 |
RU2288471C2 (ru) | 2006-11-27 |
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