Classifications

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  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
  • A61K9/0024—Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
  • A61K31/365—Lactones
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  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
  • A61K31/7048—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
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  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/22—Hormones
  • A61K38/27—Growth hormone [GH], i.e. somatotropin
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  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
  • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/2853—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
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  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a sustained release pharmaceutical composition, and in particular a sustained release composition in a tabletted, preferably mini-tablet form. More specifically, the present invention relates to a sustained release pharmaceutical composition which provides a significant increase in pharmaceutical payload.
• a number of drug delivery systems are known in the prior art. However, where a disease indication requires the achievement of a high threshold blood plasma level and/or requires the delivery of multiple pharmaceuticals and/or requires sustained release to be continued over an extended period at high levels, the drug delivery systems known in the prior art generally exhibit insufficient drug carrying capacity.
• such drug delivery implants may be placed subcutaneously in the ear of an animal. This may be physically impossible where the size of the implant becomes too large.
• an object of the present invention to overcome or at least alleviate one or more of the difficulties and deficiencies related to the prior art.
• a sustained release apparatus including at least one sustained release mini tablet implant; the or each mini tablet implant including a pharmaceutically active composition including at least one pharmaceutically active component; and a carrier therefor; and optionally a sustained release support material, the pharmaceutically active composition being carried in or on the sustained release support material, when present; the or each implant together being of significantly reduced size and/or payload relative to an equivalent immediate release treatment.
• sustained release apparatus requires significantly less pharmaceutical active than the equivalent immediate release treatment.
• the or each implant has a payload of approximately 30 to 70%, preferably approximately 30 to 50% by weight, of the payload of an equivalent immediate release treatment.
• the recommended daily dosage regimen for injection of growth hormone may be approximately 5 mg/day or 35 mg over the course of 1 week.
• the sustained release apparatus according to the present invention may provide equivalent results with a mini tablet implant including approximately 12 mg of rPST. This may provide a sustained release profile for approximately 1 week.
• each mini tablet may be of insufficient size and/or payload individually to provide a predetermined required threshold blood level of pharmaceutical active for treatment of a selected indication.
• the threshold blood level of a pharmaceutical active required to treat a particular indication may be achieved utilising a plurality of mini tablet implants which individually may not be of substantial value in treating the indication.
• the sustained release apparatus may provide approximately zero order release of pharmaceutical active.
• Each sustained release mini-tablet implant according to the present invention may be biodegradable.
• Each sustained release mini-tablet implant according to the present invention may be of the uncoated or coated tablet (caplet), an uncovered or covered rod or matrix type.
• a tablet or rod-like shape is preferred.
• a compressed tablet or extruded rod bearing a silicone coating thereover may be used.
• a compressed tablet is particularly preferred.
• each sustained release mini-tablet implant may be approximately 0.1 to 0.5 times, preferably approximately 0.20 to 0.25 times, the length and/or diameter of a single immediate release tablet, depending on the pharmaceutical active selected, and capable of providing the desired threshold blood level.
• a sustained release kit including at least one sustained release mini tablet implant packaged for delivery in a single treatment; the or each mini tablet implant including a pharmaceutically active composition including at least one pharmaceutically active component; and a carrier therefor; optionally a sustained release support material; the pharmaceutically active composition being carried in, or on, the sustained release support material, when present; the or each implant together being of significantly reduced size and/or payload relative to an equivalent immediate release treatment.
• each mini tablet implant has a payload of approximately 30 to 70% by weight of the total payload of an equivalent immediate release treatment for an equivalent period.
• each mini tablet implant is of sufficient size and/or payload individually to provide a predetermined required threshold blood level of pharmaceutical active for treatment of a selected indication.
• the sustained release kit according to this aspect of the present invention further includes a delivery apparatus.
• an injector instrument for subcutaneous or intramuscular delivery of standard size pellets may be used as the delivery apparatus.
• the multiple mini-tablet implants may be provided in a single cartridge for use in a standard injector instrument which in turn disperse as individual mini- tablets within the body of the animal to be treated.
• the multiple mini-tablet implants may be packaged in a biodegradable sheath.
• the biodegradable sheath may be formed of a water-soluble material.
• the water-soluble material utilised in the biodegradable sheath may be selected from one or more of the water-soluble substances described below.
• Such a multi mini-tablet system permits the treatment of diseases or other indications over an extended period with pharmaceutically active components which have heretofore not been applicable to such indications as it has not been possible to achieve the required threshold blood plasma levels to be efficacious and to maintain those blood levels over an extended period of time.
• the pharmaceutically active component may be an anthelmintic, preferably a macrocyclic lactone, e.g. ivermectin, moxidectin, eprinomectin, doramectin and mixtures thereof. Ivermectin is preferred.
• Ivermectin is a mixture of not less than 90% Ivermectin H 2 B ⁇ a and not more than 5% Ivermectin H 2 B ⁇ b having the respective molecular weights 875.10 and 861.07.
• Ivermectin is a potent macrocyclic lactone disaccharide antiparasitic agent used to prevent and treat parasite infestations in animals. The compound has activity against both internal and external parasites as well as being effective against arthropods, insects, nematodes, filarioidea, platyhelminths and protozoa.
• the pharmaceutically active composition includes at least one pharmaceutically active component.
• the pharmaceutically active component may be exemplified by, but not limited to, one or more selected from the group consisting of:
• Anti-acid agents Anti-arthritic agents
• Hormone replacement therapies Hormones and analogs
• the pharmaceutically active component may include a water-insoluble pharmaceutical, a water-soluble pharmaceutical or mixtures thereof.
• the water-soluble pharmaceutical actives useful in the sustained release composition according to the present invention include such drugs as peptides, polypeptides, proteins, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids.
• the present invention is particularly appropriate for pharmaceuticals that are very active even in extremely small quantities and whose sustained long-term administration is sought. When used in substantially increased quantities, such pharmaceuticals may be applied to disease indications heretofore untreatable over an extended period.
• the pharmaceuticals may be exemplified by, but not limited to, one or more selected from the group consisting of cytokines (eg. interferons and interleukins), hematopoietic factors (eg. colony-stimulating factors and erythropoietin), hormones (eg. growth hormone, e.g.
• porcine somatotropin rPST growth hormone releasing factor, calcitonin, leuteinizing hormone, leuteinizing hormone releasing hormone, and insulin
• growth factors eg. somatomedin, nerve growth factor, neurotrophic factors, fibroblast growth factor, and hepatocyte proliferation factor
• cell adhesion factors e.g. immunosuppressants; enzymes (eg. asparaginase, superoxide dismutase, tissue plasminogen activating factor, urokinase, and prourokinase), blood coagulating factors (eg. blood coagulating factor VIII), proteins involved in bone metabolism (eg. BMP (bone morphogenetic protein)), and antibodies.
• BMP bone morphogenetic protein
• a growth hormone e.g. recombinant porcine somatotropin is particularly preferred.
• a cytokine e.g. interferon, is also particularly preferred.
• the interferons may include alpha, beta, gamma, or any other interferons or any combination thereof.
• the interleukin may be IL-1 , IL-2, IL-3, or any others, and the colony-stimulating factor may be multi-CSF (multipotential CSF), GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage CSF), G-CSF (granulocyte CSF), M-CSF (macrophage CSF), or any others.
• Vaccines are also particularly preferred.
• the vaccines useful in the sustained release delivery apparatus according to the present invention may be exemplified by, but not limited to, one or more selected from the group consisting of
• Diphtheria-Tetanus (DT for children) Diphtheria-Tetanus (tD for adults)
• compositions according to the present invention may be further exemplified by low-molecular-weight drugs such as water-soluble anticancer agents, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, alkylating agents, and immunosuppressants.
• low-molecular-weight drugs such as water-soluble anticancer agents, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, alkylating agents, and immunosuppressants.
• these drugs include adriamycin, bleomycins, mitomycins, fluorouracil, peplomycin sulfate, daunorubicin hydrochloride, hydroxyurea, neocarzinostatin, sizofiran, estramustine phosphate sodium, carboplatin, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and phosphomycin.
• the pharmaceutically active composition of the present invention may contain two or more drugs depending on the disease or other indication and method of application.
• a combination of ivermectin and praziquantel or a combination of zeranol and trembolone may be used.
• Water-insoluble pharmaceutically active components which may be utilised in the sustained release delivery apparatus according to the present invention include lipophilic pharmaceuticals.
• a lipophilic pharmaceutical may be any lipophilic substance so long as it is, as a form of a preparation, in a solid state at the body temperature of an animal or a human being to which the preparation is to be administered.
• the term "Lipophilic” as herein used means that the solubility of a substance in water is low, which specifically includes the following natures, as described in Pharmacopoeia of Japan 13th Edition (1996): practically insoluble (the amount of more than or equal to 10000 ml of solvent is required to dissolve 1 g or 1 ml of a solute), very hard to dissolve (the amount of more than or equal to 1000 ml and less than 10000 ml of solvent is required to dissolve 1 g or 1 ml of a solute), or hard to dissolve (the amount of more than or equal to 100 ml and less than 1000 ml of solvent is required to dissolve 1 g or 1 ml of a solute).
• the lipophilic pharmaceutical include, but are not limited to, anti-parasiticides (e.g. avermectin, ivermectin, spiramycin), antimicrobials (eg. ceftiofur; amoxicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and lincomycin), anti-inflammatory agents (eg. dexamethasone and phenylbutasone), hormones (eg. levothyroxine), adrenocorticosteroids (eg. dexamethasone palmitate, triamcinolone acetonide, and halopredone acetate), non-steroidal anti- inflammatory agents (eg.
• anti-parasiticides e.g. avermectin, ivermectin, spiramycin
• antimicrobials eg. ceftiofur; amoxicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and lin
• indometacin and aspirin therapeutic agents for arterial occlusion
• therapeutic agents for arterial occlusion eg. prostaglandin E1
• anticancer drugs eg. actinomycin and daunomycin
• therapeutic agents for diabetes eg. acetohexamide
• therapeutic agents for osteopathy eg. estradiol
• the drug may be a substance with a biological activity, and such a substance as promotes or induces a biological activity, which includes an adjuvant for a vaccine, for example saponin.
• incorporation of a vaccine into an implant results in a sustained release preparation of a vaccine with an adjuvant.
• the pharmaceutically active composition according to the present invention further includes a carrier for the pharmaceutically active component.
• the pharmaceutical carrier may be selected to permit release of the pharmaceutically active component over an extended period of time from the composition.
• the carrier may include a water-soluble substance.
• a water-soluble substance is a substance which plays a role of controlling infiltration of water into the inside of the drug dispersion. There is no restriction in terms of the water-soluble substance so long as it is in a solid state (as a form of a preparation) at the body temperature of an animal or human being to which it is to be administered, and is a physiologically acceptable, water-soluble substance.
• the water-soluble substance specifically may be selected from one or more of the group consisting of synthetic polymers (eg. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene polypropylene glycol), sugars (eg. sucrose, mannitol, glucose, sodium chondroitin sulfate), polysaccharides (e.g. dextran), amino acids (eg. glycine and alanine), mineral salts (eg. sodium chloride), organic salts (eg. sodium citrate) and proteins (eg. gelatin and collagen and mixtures thereof).
• synthetic polymers eg. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene polypropylene glycol
• sugars eg. sucrose, mannitol, glucose, sodium chondroitin sulfate
• polysaccharides e.g. dextran
• amino acids eg. glycine and alanine
• mineral salts eg. sodium chloride
• organic salts eg. sodium citrate
• proteins eg. gelatin and collagen and
• amphipathic substance when the water-soluble substance is an amphipathic substance, which dissolves in both an organic solvent and water, it has an effect of controlling the release of, for example, a lipophilic pharmaceutical by altering the solubility thereof.
• An amphipathic substance includes, but not limited to, polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereof, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol or a derivative thereof, fatty acid ester and sodium alkylsulfate of sugars, and more specifically, polyethylene glycol, polyoxy stearate 40, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, sucrose esters of fatty acids, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium oleate, and sodium desoxycholic acid (sodium deoxycholate (DCA)).
• DCA sodium deoxycholate
• Polyoxyethylene polyoxypropyleneglycol, sucrose, or a mixture of sucrose and sodium desoxycholic acid (or sodium deoxycholate) (DCA) are preferred.
• the water-soluble substance may include a substance which is water-soluble and has any activity in vivo such as low molecular weight drugs, peptides, polypeptides, proteins, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, or an antigenic substance used as vaccines, i.e. water-soluble drugs.
• the pharmaceutical carrier may constitute from approximately 1% to 30% by weight, preferably approximately 10% to 20% by weight of the total weight of the pharmaceutically active composition.
• Each sustained release mini tablet implant may include additional carriers or excipients, lubricants, fillers, plasticisers, binding agent, pigments and stabilising agents.
• Suitable fillers may be selected from the group consisting of talc, titanium dioxide, starch, kaolin, cellulose (microcrystalline or powdered) and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable binding agents include polyvinyl pyrrolidine, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and mixtures thereof.
• the sustained release support material when present, may take the form of a support matrix, tablet or rod, preferably a coated tablet structure.
• the sustained release support material may be formed from a biodegradable or biocompatible material, preferably a biocompatible hydrophobic material.
• the biocompatible material may be selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyamino acids, silicones, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and polyvinyl alcohols.
• the sustained release support material is a silicone material.
• a silicone rod is preferred.
• the silicone material may be a porous silicon or Biosilicon material, for example as described in International patent application PCT/GB99/01185, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. A mesoporous, microporous or polycrystalline silicon or mixtures thereof may be used.
• the sustained release support material may include a solid absorption medium; and optionally a viscous polymer component.
• the solid absorption medium may be a silicon material, e.g. a silicon material including one or more of a fumed silica and a porous silica.
• the pharmaceutical active may be introduced onto the solid absorption medium in the form of a solution, after which solvent may be removed.
• the viscous polymer component when present may include a siloxane polymer.
• Biodegradable polymers that may be employed in the present invention may be exemplified by, but not limited to, polyesters such as poly(lactic acid- glycolic acid) copolymers (PLGA), etc. and by hydrophobic polyamino acids such as polyaranin, polyleucine etc., polyanhydride, poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS), Biopol, and the like.
• the hydrophobic polyamino acids mean polymers prepared from hydrophobic amino acids.
• Nonbiodegradable polymers that may be employed in the present invention may be exemplified by, but not limited to, silicones, polytetrafluoroethylenes, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates such as polymethylmethacrylat.es, etc., ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and others.
• sustained release implant may be manufactured according to copending Australian provisional patent application PR7614 entitled “Preparation of sustained release pharmaceutical composition", to Applicants, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
• Sustained release implants according to the present invention may preferably have a double-layer structure, in order to achieve long-term zero-order release.
• the inner layer of the pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention may contain two or more layers containing different water- soluble pharmaceuticals. These layers may take the form of concentric circles with a single center of gravity or may appear as a plural number of inner layers whose respective centers of gravity lie at different points in the cross section.
• the pharmaceutical formulation contains more than one inner layer there may be one or more pharmaceuticals present in the inner layers.
• the pharmaceuticals may be present such that each layer contains a different pharmaceutical or there is more than one pharmaceutical in one or all of the inner layers.
• the size of the pharmaceutical formulation of the present invention may, e.g. in the case of intramuscular administration, be relatively small, e.g. 0.1 to 0.5 times normal size.
• the configuration may be circular cylindrical, and the cross-sectional diameter in the case is preferably approximately 0.1 to 4 mm, the axial length being preferably approximately 0.1 to 20 mm, preferably approximately 0.25 to 5 mm, more preferably approximately 1 to 5 mm.
• the thickness of the outer layer should be selected as a function of the material properties and the desired release rate.
• the outer layer thickness is not critical as long as the specified functions of the outer layer are fulfilled.
• the outer layer thickness is preferably 0.05 mm to 3 mm, more preferably 0.05 mm to
• Applicants have further surprisingly found that it is possible to formulate certain macrocyclic lactones, including ivermectin, in a unit dosage, e.g. tablet or implant form.
• an anthelmintic pharmaceutical composition including an anthelmintic component; and a non-silicone carrier therefor, in a unit dosage form.
• the anthelmintic pharmaceutical composition may be utilised alone, or preferably in combination with the sustained release apparatus described above.
• the anthelmintic pharmaceutical composition may be included as a further component in the sustained release kit as described above.
• the anthelmintic component is preferably an insect growth regulator or a macrocyclic lactone, more preferably ivermectin.
• a pharmaceutical composition may be formulated in a compressed or extruded tablet/implant form without the necessity to include a silicone component.
• the pharmaceutical carrier may be the same as, or similar to, the pharmaceutical carriers utilised in the preparation of the mini tablet implants described above.
• a water-soluble substance, or a combination of two or more water-soluble substances is preferred.
• Sucrose, alkali metal, chloride (e.g. sodium chloride) or sodium deoxycholic acid or a mixture thereof are preferred carriers.
• a mixture of sucrose and sodium deoxycholic acid (DCA) is preferred.
• the anthelmintic pharmaceutical composition may take the form of a compressed tablet or extruded rod, optionally a covered rod or tablet.
• a silicone coating may be applied to the tablet or rod.
• a mixture of covered and non-covered rod or tablets may be utilised to provide both immediate release and sustained release properties and/or to provide an initial and booster treatment, e.g. for vaccination, in a single treatment.
• Applicants have further surprisingly found it is possible to formulate certain growth enhancing materials in a unit dosage, e.g. a tablet or implant form, which exhibit a sustained release profile.
• a sustained release growth enhancing composition including a growth enhancing component; and a non-silicone carrier therefor, in a unit dosage form.
• a sustained release growth enhancing composition may be formulated in a compressed or extruded tablet/implant form without the necessity to include a silicone component.
• the sustained release growth enhancing composition may be utilised alone, or preferably in combination with the sustained release apparatus described above.
• the sustained release growth enhancing composition may be included as a further component in the sustained release kit as described above.
• the growth enhancing component may be selected from one or more of the group consisting of hormones (eg. growth hormone, e.g. recombinant porcine somatotropin rPST, growth hormone releasing factor, calcitonin, leuteinizing hormone, leuteinizing hormone releasing hormone, and insulin), growth factors (eg. somatomedin, nerve growth factor, neurotrophic factors, fibroblast growth factor, and hepatocyte proliferation factor.
• hormones e.g. growth hormone, e.g. recombinant porcine somatotropin rPST, growth hormone releasing factor, calcitonin, leuteinizing hormone, leuteinizing hormone releasing hormone, and insulin
• growth factors eg. somatomedin, nerve growth factor, neurotrophic factors, fibroblast growth factor, and hepatocyte proliferation factor.
• a growth hormone e.g. a natural or synthetic human, porcine, bovine, ovine or like growth hormone may be used.
• the pharmaceutical carrier may be the same as, or similar to, the pharmaceutical carriers utilised in the preparation of the mini tablet implants described above.
• a water-soluble substance, or a combination of two or more water-soluble substances is preferred.
• Sucrose, sodium chloride or sodium deoxycholic acid or a mixture thereof are preferred carriers.
• Sodium chloride or a mixture of sucrose and sodium deoxycholic acid (DCA) is particularly preferred.
• the sustained release growth enhancing composition may take the form of a compressed tablet or extruded rod, optionally a covered rod or tablet.
• a silicone coating may be applied to the tablet or rod, but is not essential.
• the compressed tablet formulation may include suitable fillers or excipients as discussed above.
• a lubricant such as magnesium stearate, is particularly preferred.
• the growth enhancing composition may accordingly include approximately 1 % to 20% by weight alkali metal chloride; approximately 0.5% to 5% by weight lubricant; and approximately 75% to 97.5% by weight growth hormone.
• the growth enhancing composition may include approximately 5% to 15% by weight sodium chloride; approximately 0.5% to 5% by weight magnesium stearate; and approximately 80% to 94.5% by weight recombinant porcine somatotropin.
• the sustained release kit may further include a plurality of sustained release mini-implants or pellets packaged for delivery in a single treatment; each sustained release mini-implant or pellet including a sustained release support material; and a pharmaceutically active composition carried in, or on, the sustained release support material; the pharmaceutically active composition including at least one pharmaceutically active component; and a carrier therefor; each implant optionally of insufficient size individually to provide a predetermined desired threshold blood level of pharmaceutical active for treatment of a selected, e.g. disease, indication.
• sustained release mini-implants or pellets may be as described in copending Australian provisional patent application PR6025 entitled “Sustained release pharmaceutical composition", to Applicants, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
• sustained release mini implants or pellets may be incorporated in the sustained release kit as a separate component and/or may be incorporated into the sustained release mini tablets as a single component.
• a method for the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of an indication, preferably a disease indication, in an animal (including a human) requiring such treatment which method includes administering to the animal a sustained release delivery apparatus including at least one sustained release mini tablet implant; the or each implant including a pharmaceutically active composition including at least one pharmaceutically active component; and a carrier therefor; and optionally a sustained release support material; the pharmaceutically active composition being carried in or on the sustained release support material, when present; the or each implant together being of significantly reduced size and/or payload relative to an equivalent immediate release treatment.
• the or each mini tablet implant has a payload of approximately 30% to 70% by weight of the total payload of an equivalent immediate release treatment for an equivalent period.
• each implant when a plurality of sustained release mini tablets implants are used, each implant is of insufficient size and/or payload individually to provide a predetermined required threshold blood level of pharmaceutical active for treatment of a selected indication.
• the pharmaceutical payload may be increased by the sustained release delivery apparatus according to the present invention when compared to the prior art.
• the animals may be treated utilising the sustained release delivery apparatus including an anti-parasitic drug such a ivermectin.
• an anti-parasitic drug such as a ivermectin.
• animals may be treated utilising the sustained release delivery apparatus including a growth enhancing component such as growth hormone including human, porcine, ovine and bovine growth hormones.
• a growth enhancing component such as growth hormone including human, porcine, ovine and bovine growth hormones.
• the method of administration may include subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, intraoccular or in the ear, intranasal insertion or indwelling, intravaginal or intradwelling, intrarectal insertion or indwelling, for example as a suppository or utilising oral administration.
• the method of administration may be via use of the sustained release kit as described above.
• the animals to be treated may be selected from the group consisting of sheep, cattle, goats, horses, camels, pigs, dogs, cats, ferrets, rabbits, marsupials, buffalos, yacks, primates, humans, birds including chickens, geese and turkeys, rodents including rats and mice, fish, reptiles and the like.
• the method according to the present invention is particularly applicable to larger animals, e.g. cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs and humans where high dosage levels are required to achieve the prerequisite threshold pharmaceutical active blood levels for successful treatment of selected disease indications.
• the tablets were placed in polyethylene sample vials, sealed, labelled (with the sample number, study number, type of sample, date collected, and storage conditions) and placed in storage (4 °C).
• Example 1 was repeated to produce a series of tablets of suitable size and payload for use with cattle.
• Example 2 Sodium chloride (NaCl) is finely ground utilising a mortar and pestle prior to tableting.
• Example 2 The pig experiments illustrated in Example 2 were repeated over 7, 14 and days with varying numbers of implants.
• the feed conversion ratio utilising a single 13 mg implant is approximately equivalent to the daily injection regimen.

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• 2001
  • 2001-06-29 AU AUPR6024A patent/AUPR602401A0/en not_active Abandoned
• 2002
  • 2002-07-01 NZ NZ529858A patent/NZ529858A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-07-01 JP JP2003515226A patent/JP4913321B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-07-01 CN CNA028131185A patent/CN1536988A/zh active Pending
  • 2002-07-01 AU AU2002344686A patent/AU2002344686B2/en not_active Expired
  • 2002-07-01 US US10/482,335 patent/US8197839B2/en active Active
  • 2002-07-01 CA CA2452075A patent/CA2452075C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-07-01 BR BR0210630-2A patent/BR0210630A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-07-01 WO PCT/AU2002/000866 patent/WO2003009833A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2002-07-01 EP EP02742516A patent/EP1411905A4/en not_active Withdrawn

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