WO2003003238A1 - Procede de surveillance eloignee de reseau - Google Patents

Procede de surveillance eloignee de reseau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003003238A1
WO2003003238A1 PCT/CN2002/000305 CN0200305W WO03003238A1 WO 2003003238 A1 WO2003003238 A1 WO 2003003238A1 CN 0200305 W CN0200305 W CN 0200305W WO 03003238 A1 WO03003238 A1 WO 03003238A1
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Prior art keywords
network
mib
management
network management
management center
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2002/000305
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Haizhou Xiang
Zhenfeng Lv
Hongfei Chen
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to US10/482,359 priority Critical patent/US7437453B2/en
Publication of WO2003003238A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003003238A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/02Standardisation; Integration
    • H04L41/0213Standardised network management protocols, e.g. simple network management protocol [SNMP]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/069Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using logs of notifications; Post-processing of notifications
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/02Capturing of monitoring data
    • H04L43/022Capturing of monitoring data by sampling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/16Threshold monitoring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for managing computer network equipment, and more particularly, to a method for managing a network device that supports a Simple Network Management Protocol (SMP: Simple Network Management Protocol).
  • SMP Simple Network Management Protocol
  • Network management provides an effective method for monitoring, controlling, and managing network resources, enabling computer networks to operate safely, reliably, and efficiently to achieve optimal network performance.
  • SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
  • TCP / IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
  • SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
  • SNMP uses polling to collect data information, which not only wastes valuable bandwidth resources and increases the network load, but also generates huge network management communication messages due to polling in large networks, resulting in network traffic congestion or even congestion. Suitable for managing large networks;
  • the distributed management method of management process to management process is not supported, because the burden of collecting data is placed on the network management center, so that the network management station becomes a bottleneck;
  • MIB management information base
  • MIB-II Standard Management Information Base MIB-II (RFC1213) and proprietary management information base of each manufacturer are mainly used to provide data about equipment Data, such as device port status, information traffic, and number of error packets, for network administrators to obtain local information about a single service from these management information bases.
  • the Internet Engineering Group IETF
  • RMON remote network monitoring
  • RMON Remote Network Monitoring
  • RMON provides an efficient and useful method for monitoring the operation of the subnet. This method can reduce the communication traffic between the manager and the device, and manage the large-scale Internet network in a simple and powerful manner.
  • RMON actively monitors remote devices to track and collect various traffic information connected to the device port network segment, such as the total number of packets on a network segment within a certain period of time, or the correct packets sent to a host. Total, etc.
  • RMON can also perform preventive management on data equipment.
  • Devices using RMON technology actively diagnose network performance and record network performance conditions. When a fault occurs somewhere on the Internet, such as congestion, the fault information can be notified to the manager in time. The manager will do the corresponding processing in order to eliminate the fault timely and accurately.
  • the alarm group (alarm) of RMON cooperates with the event group (event) to realize the preventive management function.
  • a network management station can configure MON for a device The alarm function, so as to monitor the management object of a certain port of the device that the network management station cares about, such as inputting the number of bytes (the name in the MIB is iflnOctets), Warn the management station when a certain threshold is exceeded.
  • the management station avoids polling of various statistical information on the device, saves network bandwidth, and reduces the burden on the network management station.
  • the RM0N alarm group (alarm) can meet the needs of some device monitoring, the RMON alarm group still has shortcomings: it can only monitor an independent managed object, such as the port input word mentioned earlier.
  • the number of nodes (iflnOctets), while monitoring the combined information of multiple management objects is powerless. For example, if the management station wants to monitor the input error percentage of a certain port of a device, it is stipulated that when the value exceeds 10% within ten minutes, it is considered that some kind of network failure has occurred, and an alarm needs to be sent to notify the management personnel for processing.
  • the input error percentage calculation expression for the interface is:
  • the input error percentage of the interface iflnErrors / (iflnUcastPkts + ifinNUcastPkts).
  • the above calculation formula contains three basic management object information: interface input error packets (iflnErrors), interface input unicast packets (iflnUcastPkts), and interface input non-unicast packets (iflnNUcastPkts).
  • the RM0N alarm group function is difficult to monitor the operation combination expressions with multiple MIB management objects, and can only be managed using the general S MP processing method:
  • the network management application issues SNMP every ten minutes Request messages to obtain relevant information and data, including iflnErrors, iflnUcastPkts, and iflnNUcastPkts; and then calculate the result of the interface input error percentage locally according to the above formula, and compare the result with a predetermined value of 10%, and send it out if it exceeds the predetermined value Alert.
  • the above process not only wastes a lot of network bandwidth, but also consumes the CPU time of the equipment responsible for network management.
  • a network management device often needs to manage hundreds of routers.
  • Equipment if the information on the interface utilization of each router device is handled by the network management center, it will greatly waste network bandwidth, and affect the analysis and processing capabilities of the network management center, making the network management center overwhelmed.
  • RM0N has another disadvantage: When the network management center sets a monitoring and alarm function for a certain device management object, the administrator can only actively cancel the alarm function. In practical applications, the network management center often only wants to use a certain monitoring and swearing function within a period of time, such as one day. However, when there are many management devices, the management staff may forget or cannot delete the The alarm function causes the device to waste valuable resources for unnecessary monitoring. Summary of the Invention
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple and effective method for remote monitoring of the network that improves the RMON alarm group function in the prior art.
  • the method supports the SNMP protocol, does not waste network bandwidth and consumes CPU resources of the network management center. The impact of the managed equipment is small.
  • the technical solution for realizing the purpose of the present invention is: A remote network monitoring method for a computer network.
  • the network management center executes a single network management protocol (SNMP), and describes the MIB management object independent of the managed device by describing the management information base (MIB) and its attributes. And comparing the statistical value of the independent MIB management object variable with a preset value to implement a remote network monitoring alarm, which is further characterized by the following steps:
  • the alarm extension table is a MIB management object composed of at least 2 independent MIB management object variables and an operation combination expression.
  • the network management center sends a set message instruction containing the operation combination expression to the managed device;
  • C The managed device collects the value of each independent MIB managed object variable in the operation combination expression, performs operations according to the operation combination expression, compares the operation value with a threshold value preset by the network management center, and when the operation value exceeds When the threshold is preset, the processing is performed according to the steps preset by the network management center.
  • the remote network monitoring method of the present invention addresses a defect in the existing technical solution, and proposes a new extended function of the RMON alarm group, which not only supports any counting and integer-type monitoring objects recorded by the network management center for the device, such as traffic information , Memory information, etc. are configured with monitoring functions, and allow the network management center to monitor the combination of variables of multiple monitoring objects in the form of multiple expressions as needed. In addition, it can also control the time to complete the monitoring, that is, after monitoring for a period of time, End the monitoring task, or continue monitoring until the management staff actively cancels the monitoring function.
  • the method of the present invention can be applied to network equipment such as routers, bridges, switches, etc.
  • the content to be monitored is set by the network management software running in the network management center, avoiding the polling operation of the network management center, and transferring some analysis functions to the router , Network bridges, switches and other network equipment, thereby saving network bandwidth and reducing the CPU system burden on the network management center.
  • FIG. 1 is a network environment in which the present invention is actually applied
  • FIG. 2 is a working flowchart of the method according to the present invention. Mode of Carrying Out the Invention
  • the technical solution of the present invention is mainly applied to a computer communication network composed of a network management center running a network management application and a large number of communication devices such as routers, bridges, and switches.
  • a network management center 11 that implements a single network management protocol (SNMP) and a plurality of managed objects in the network managed by the network management center 11 through setting agents are set.
  • SNMP network management protocol
  • These managed objects are A subnet node device or at least one network signal transmission port device that can execute the SNMP protocol in the network system.
  • These subnet node devices and network signal transmission port devices include Router 12, Bridge 13 and Switch 14, and the user equipment PC is connected to the router 12 or the bridge 13 through Ethernet, and the user equipment PC The machine is also connected to the switch 14 through the backbone network 16, and the network management center 11, router 12, bridge 13, and switch 14 are connected through the network 15, so that the network management center 11 can remotely monitor a large number of managed devices 12, 13, and 14.
  • the RMON alarm extension table is similar to the existing RMON alarm table management object, but a special management object is added.
  • the RMON alarm extension table contains a MIB management object.
  • the present invention refers to it as PriorarmVariable. It is similar to the alarmVariable object of the RMON alarm group, but the syntax type is different from the alarmVariable object.
  • the syntax type of the PrialarmVariable management object is OCTET STRING, that is, when the user When you need to monitor the expressions of multiple MIB managed object variables, you can directly enter the expressions.
  • the expression is a string, and the format conforms to certain convention rules, including: Supports four arithmetic operations; If OID is used to represent the MIB management object, each OID variable is in dot plus number format.
  • Input error percentage Number of interface input error packets / (Number of interface input unicast packets + Number of interface input non-unicast packets), the input format is expressed as: " ⁇ 1. 3. 6. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 1. 14. 1 / (. 1. 3. 6. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 1. 11. 1+. 1. 3. 6. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 1. . 12. 1) ,.
  • the content of the management object is first parsed. If each management object in the expression exists in the managed device agent (Agent) and the expression conforms to the four operation rules, the managed device will start Monitoring program. When the sampling interval time is reached, the sampling value of the management object (MIB) is collected and calculated according to the set requirements, and compared with the preset threshold, an alarm can be issued when the threshold is exceeded according to a certain strategy, and the manager is notified in time to take precautions deal with.
  • the MIB table object of the RMON alarm extension table of the present invention also includes a management object called priorityarmStatCycle.
  • the network management center can determine when to terminate the remote monitoring task by setting the management object, which can achieve permanent monitoring as well as This monitoring function can be cancelled automatically after a certain time.
  • the important management content in the network management is performance management.
  • the utilization of an interface is a very important evaluation index.
  • the calculation expression of the utilization is:
  • x and y are two different query moments. From the expression point of view, the calculation of interface utilization is still relatively complicated. Using the method of the present invention to define the above interface utilization expression with a MIB object, the network management center can be performed. Remote monitoring of managed device interface utilization.
  • the resources of the device can be used to share the burden of the network management center.
  • step 201 The network management center runs the RMON alarm extended network management application.
  • An instruction to set the RMON alarm extension function is issued, and the management personnel issues an instruction to the related managed device through the management program, that is, sends an SNMP setRequest message to set the table object PrialamVariable of the RMON alarm extension table of the managed device; then execute Steps 202 and 203.
  • the managed device obtains the foregoing instruction, the data information in the instruction message is obtained by parsing the setRequest message into a character string. Then, steps 204 and 205 are performed, and the managed device responds to the character string data.
  • step 206 the managed device starts a monitoring process on the MIB management object of the RMON alarm extension table according to the application program, starts monitoring the value of the expression management object, and passes step 210 Notify the network management center that the setting is successful; after the sampling interval is reached, execute In step 207, the monitoring program calculates the current value of the expression management object (PrialamVariable) and compares it with a gate value preset by the network management center; and then executes step 208 to determine the comparison result, if the current value does not exceed the threshold Value, the sampling process ends, return to step 207, wait for the next sampling time, and if the current value exceeds the threshold, go to the next step 209; step 209, the managed device processes according to the action required by
  • Such a monitoring process will continue until the network management center actively issues a command to stop the process, or the network management center pre-sets the managed object priorityarmStatCycle of the managed device. After the valid time is exceeded, the managed device automatically stops the monitoring process .
  • Each device can start multiple such monitoring processes according to the needs of network management personnel, assisting the network management center to complete the required monitoring functions.
  • each managed device is set by the network management center separately.
  • the monitoring indicators required by the configuration include certain independent management objects (MIBs).
  • MIBs independent management objects
  • MIBs independent management objects
  • Each device records these indicators according to the configuration.
  • a certain threshold is exceeded, it actively reports to the network management center, and then the network management center can perform corresponding processing according to the report. For example, when the utilization rate of an interface frequently exceeds 90%, it indicates that the amount of network data on which the interface resides is too large, and network capacity needs to be expanded or reallocated.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Description

一种计算机网络远程网络监控方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种计算机网络设备的管理方法,尤其是涉及支持简单 网络管理协议 ( S MP: Simple Network Management Protocol )的网络设 备的管理方法。 发明背景
随着计算机网络规模的不断扩大、 网络复杂性的不断提高以及网络 设备的多样性, 网络管理在网络建设、 网络运行与网络维护中越来越显 得重要。 网络管理为监视、控制和管理网络资源提供了一种有效的方法, 使计算机网络能够安全、 可靠、 高效地运行, 以达到最优的网络性能。
简单网络管理协议 SNMP 于传输控制协议 /网际协议 ( TCP / IP ) /并在 Internet互联网中应用最广泛的网管协议。 网络管理员可以使 用 SNMP监视和分析网络运行情况, 通过管理站管理网络、 维护网络, 但是目前所使用的 SNMP协议,也即 SNMP的第一代标准 SNMPvl有一 些明显的不足, 如:
SNMP使用轮询方式采集数据信息 , 不仅浪费了宝贵的带宽资源, 增大了网络负荷, 而且在大型网络中会因轮询产生巨大的网络管理通讯 报文, 导致网络交通拥挤甚至阻塞, 故不适合管理大型网络;
不支持管理进程一管理进程的分布式管理方法, 因为将收集数据的 负担加在网管中心上, 故而使网络管理站成为瓶颈;
管理信息库 (MIB )是被管理设备, 如路由器 ( Router )、 交换机 ( switch ), 网络服务器等设备的信息的集合。 标准管理信息库 MIB— II(RFC1213)和各厂家的专有管理信息库, 主要用于提供有关设备的数 据, 如设备端口状态、 信息流量、 错误包数等, 供网络管理员从这些管 理信息库中获得单个设务的局部信息。
要想莰得一个子网网段的信息是一件非常困难的事情, 而在规模越 来越大的互联网环境中, 人们更需要监控的是一个网段的性能, 因此仅 仅使用标准或专用 MIB获取设备的管理信息已经不能满足管理大型互 联网的需要。'
为了提高传送管理信息的有效性、 减少管理站的负担、 满足网络管 理员监控网段性能的需求, 互联网络工程组( IETF )提出了远程网络 监视 ( RMON )方案, 以解决 SNMP在日益扩大的分布式互联中所面临 的局限性问题。
远程网络监视 (RMON)为通过端口来远程监视网段提供了解决方 案。 RMON是对 SNMP标准的扩展,它定义了标准功能以及在基于 SNMP 管理站和远程监控者之间的接口。 RMON主要实现对一个网段乃至整个 网络的数据流量的监视功能, 目前已发展成为一种成功的网络管理标 准。
RMON为监控子网的运行提供了一种高效、 有用的方法, 这种方法 能够减少管理者同设备间的通讯流量, 筒单而有力地管理大型互联网 络。 RMON通过积极主动地监测远程设备, 对连接在设备端口网段上的 各种流量信息进行跟踪统计, 如某段时间内某网段上的报文总数, 或发 往某台主机的正确报文总数等。 RMON还可以对数据设备进行防范性管 理, 由采用 RMON技术的设备主动地对网络性能进行诊断并记录网络 性能状况, 在互联网某处发生故障如拥塞时, 可以将故障信息及时通知 管理者, 然后由管理者做相应的处理, 以便及时准确地排除故障。
通常, RMON的告警组(alarm )与事件組(event )—起配合可 以实现该防范性管理功能。 例如, 网管站可以通过为设备配置 MON 告警功能, 从而对网管站所关心的设备的某个端口的管理对象, 如输入 字节数(在 MIB中的名称为 iflnOctets )进行监控, 如果在一分钟内该 设备的该管理对象的统计值超出某个阔值范围时就向管理站发出警告。 管理站通过将监控功能转移到设备上执行, 避免了对设备上各种统计信 息的轮询, 节省了网絡带宽, 減轻了网管站的负担。
在实际应用中, RM0N告警组( alarm )虽然能够满足一些设备监控 的需要, 但是 RMON告警组仍然存在着不足: 只能对某一个独立的被 管理对象进行监控, 如前面提到的端口输入字节数(iflnOctets ), 而对 多个管理对象的组合信息的监控则无能为力。 例如, 如果管理站要对一 台设备某个端口的输入错误百分率进行监控, 规定当该值在十分钟内超 过 10 %时就认为网络出现了某种故障,需要发出告警通知管理人员进行 处理。 接口的输入错误百分率计算表达式为:
接 口 的 输入错误 百 分率 = iflnErrors / (iflnUcastPkts +ifinNUcastPkts) 。
上述计算公式中包含有三个基本管理对象信息:接口输入错误包数 ( iflnErrors )、接口输入单播包数 ( iflnUcastPkts )、接口输入非单播包数 ( iflnNUcastPkts )。
在这种情况下, RM0N的告警组功能就难以对具有多个 MIB管理 对象的运算组合表达式进行监控,只能使用一般的 S MP处理方法进行 管理: 网管应用程序每隔十分钟发出一次 SNMP请求报文, 以分别获取 相关信息数据, 包括 iflnErrors、 iflnUcastPkts和 iflnNUcastPkts; 然后 在本地按照上述公式计算出接口输入错误百分率的结果, 并将结果与预 定值 10 %进行比较, 如果超出预定值则发出告警。
上述过程不但浪费了大量的网络带宽, 而且消耗了负责网管的设备 的 CPU时间。在计算机网络中一台网管设备往往要管理上百台的路由器 设备, 如果每台路由器设备的接口利用率方面的信息都由网管中心来负 责处理的话,会大大浪费网络带宽,并且影响网管中心的分析处理能力, 使网管中心不堪重负。
另外, RM0N还有一个不足: 当网管中心设置了对某个设备管理对象 的监控告警功能后, 只能由管理人员主动去取消该告警功能。 而在实际 应用中, 网管中心常常只希望在一段时间内, 比如一天内, 使用某种监 控告誓功能, 而管理人员在管理设备较多的情况下, 艮有可能会忘掉或 者不能及时删除该告警功能, 造成设备因作无谓的监控而白白浪费了宝 贵的资源。 发明内容
本发明的发明目的是提供一种对现有技术中 RMON告警组功能进 行改进、 且简明有效的网络远程监管方法, 该方法支持 SNMP协议, 不 会浪费网络带宽和消耗网管中心 CPU 资源, 而且对被管设备的影响不 大。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是: 一种计算机网络的远程网络监控方 法, 网管中心执行筒单网络管理协议(SNMP ), 通过描述管理信息库 ( MIB )被管设备独立的 MIB管理对象及其属性, 和将独立的 MIB管 理对象变量的统计值与预设值比较, 实现远程网络监控告警, 其特征在 于还包括如下步骤:
A.在所述管理信息库(MIB )中再定义一组远程网絡监视(RMON ) 告警扩 所述告警扩展表是一个由至少 2个独立 MIB管理对象变量 按运算组合表达式构成的 MIB管理对象变量;
B. 网管中心向被管设备发出含有所述运算组合表达式的设置报文 指令; C 被管设备采集所述运算组合表达式中的各独立 MIB管理对象变 量的值, 按所述运算组合表达式进行运算, 将运算值与网管中心预设的 阀值进行比较, 在运算值超过预设的阀值时, 根据网管中心预设的步驟 进行处理。
本发明的远程网络监控方法针对现有技术方案中的缺陷, 提出了一 种新的 RMON告警组的扩展功能, 该功能不仅支持网管中心为设备记 录的任何计数和整数类监控对象, 如流量信息、 内存信息等配置了监控 功能, 而且允许网管中心能根据需要以多项表达式形式对多个监控对象 的变量组合进行监控, 另外还可以控制完成监控的时间, 即在监控进行 一段时间后自行结束该监控任务, 或者一直监控直到管理人员主动取消 该监控功能时结束。
本发明的方法可应用在路由器、 网桥、 交换机等网络设备中, 通过 在网管中心运行的网管软件对需要监控的内容进行设置, 避免了网管中 心的轮询操作, 将部分分析功能转移到路由器、 网桥、 交换机等网络设 备上进行, 从而节约了网络带宽, 减轻了网管中心的 CPU系统负担。 附图简要说明
图 1是本发明实际应用的网络环境;
图 2是本发明所述方法的工作流程图。 实施本发明的方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。
在图 1中, 本发明的技术方案主要应用于由运行网管应用程序的网 管中心和大量路由器、 网桥、 交换机等通讯设备组成的计算机通讯网络 中。 在该计算机通讯网絡系统中, 设置有执行筒单网管协议(SNMP ) 的网管中心 11 , 和多个由网管中心 11通过设置代理(agent )进行管理 的网内被管理对象,这些被管理对象是在该网络系统中可执行 SNMP协 议的子网节点设备或至少一个网络信号传输端口设备。
这些子网节点设备和网络信号传输端口设备包括路由器 ( Router ) 12、 网桥(Bridge ) 13和交换机(Switch ) 14, 用户设备 PC机通过以 太网与路由器 12或网桥 13连接,用户设备 PC机还通过主干网络 16与 交换机 14连接, 网管中心 11、 路由器 12、 网桥 13、 交换机 14通过网 络 15连接, 实现网管中心 11对大量被管理设备 12、 13、 14的远程监 控。
在本发明方法的实施过程中, 首先定义一组管理信息库(MIB ) 的 对象表: RMON告警扩展表, 类似于已有的 RMON告警表管理对象, 但增加了特殊的管理对象。
该 RMON 告警扩展表包含一个 MIB 管理对象, 本发明称其为 PrialarmVariable, 它类似于 RMON告警组的 alarmVariable对象,但语法 类型不同于 alarmVariable对象, PrialarmVariable管理对象的语法类型为 OCTET STRING, 即当使用者需要对多个 MIB管理对象变量的表达式 进行监控时, 可以直接输入表达式。
该表达式为一字符串, 格式符合一定的约定规则, 包括: 支持四则 运算; 若用 OID代表 MIB管理对象, 则各 OID变量为点加数字格式, 如表示输入错误百分率的计算表达式, 即输入错误百分率 =接口输入错 误包数 / (接口输入单播包数 +接口输入非单播包数) 时, 其输入格式表 达为 : " · 1 . 3 . 6 . 1 . 2 . 1 . 2 . 2 . 1 . 14 . 1/ ( . 1. 3. 6. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 1. 11. 1+. 1. 3. 6. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 1. 12. 1 ),,。
在被管设备接收到网管中心对 PrialarmVariable 管理对象进行配置 的 SET报文后, 首先对该管理对象(MIB )的内容进行解析, 如果表达 式中的各管理对象在被管设备代理( Agent )中存在且表达式符合四则运 算规则, 被管设备将启动监控程序。 当采样间隔时间到达时, 按照设置 要求采集并计算管理对象(MIB )的采样值, 并与预先设置的阀值比较, 可根据一定的策略在超越阀值时发出告警, 及时通知管理者做防范处 理。
另外, 在本发明的 RMON告警扩展表 MIB表对象中还包含一个称 为 prialarmStatCycle的管理对象, 网管中心可以通过设置该管理对象, 来决定何时终止远程监控任务, 既可以做到永久监视, 也可以使该监视 功能在一定时间后自动取消。
网管中的重要管理内容是性能管理, 其中, 一个接口的利用率是非 常重要的评价指标, 利用率的计算表达式为:
( (查询时刻 y时的接口输入字节数 iflnOctets y -查询时刻 x时的接 口输入字节数 iflnOctets x ) + (查询时刻 y 时的接口输出字节数 ifOutOctets y -查询时刻 x时的接口输出字节数 ifOutOctets x ) ) x 8/( ( y-x ) χ接口速率 ifSpeed, 可表达为:
利用率 = ( (iflnOctets y— iflnOctets x) + (ifOutOctets y- ifOutOctets x)) x 8 / ( (y-x) x ifSpeed)
x, y是两个不同的查询时刻, 从表达式看, 接口利用率的计算还是 比较复杂的,采用本发明的用一个 MIB对象来定义上述接口利用率表达 式的方法, 就可进行网管中心对被管设备接口利用率的远程监控。
在路由器等通讯设备中采用本发明的方法,利用 RM0N告警扩展功 能 , 就能很好地用设备自身的资源来分担网管中心的负担。
在图 2中, 本发明的实际应用方式是按照如下工作流程进行的。 首先执行步骤 201 , 网管中心运行 RMON告警扩展网管应用程序, 发出设置 RMON告警扩展功能的指令, 管理人员根据需要通过管理程 序对相关的被管设备发出指令, 即发出 SNMP setRequest报文, 对被管 设备的 RMON告警扩展表的表对象 PrialamVariable进行设置;然后执行 步驟 202、 203, 在被管设备得到上述指令后, 通过解析 setRequest报文 获得该指令报文中的数据信息一一个字符串; 接着执行步骤 204、 205, 由被管设备对该字符串数据进行基本的语法检查, 判断该数据是否符合 规定的语法类型, 即是否是一个四则运算的表达式格式, 再检查每个表 达式中的各独立 MIB管理对象的数据在被管设备中是否可采集;当上述 两项的检查均通过后, 执行步骤 206, 被管设备根据应用程序对 RMON 告警扩展表的 MIB管理对象启动一个监控进程,开始对表达式管理对象 的值进行监控, 并通过步骤 210通知网管中心该设置成功; 在采样间隔 时间到达后, 执行步骤 207 , 由监控程序计算表达式管理对象 ( PrialamVariable )的当前值,并与网管中心预设的一个门 P艮值进行比较; 然后执行步骤 208, 判断比较结果, 若当前值未超出门限值, 则该次采 样处理结束, 返回执行步骤 207, 等待下一个采样时间, 若当前值超出 门限值, 则执行下一个步骤 209; 步骤 209, 被管设备根据网管中心预 先要求的动作进行处理,如向网管中心发送 Trap报文,将被管对象情况 实时通知网管中心, 或记录成日志以备网管中心查询, 然后返回步骤 207, 等待下一个采样周期。
这样一个监控过程将一直继续, 直到网管中心主动发出命令停止该 过程, 或者由网管中心通过对被管设备的被管对象 prialarmStatCycle进 行预先设置, 在超出有效时间后, 被管设备自动停止该监控过程。
每个设备中可以根据网管人员的需要启动多个这样的监控过程, 辅 助网管中心完成所需要的监控功能。
利用本发明的 RMON告警扩展功能,由网管中心分别对每台被管设 备如路由器进行配置, 配置所需要的监控指标, 包括某些独立的管理对 象(MIB ) .和利用多项表达式运算出的多个独立管理对象(MIB ) 的组 合量,如主要接口的利用率情况等, 由各设备根据配置来记录这些指标, 当超出某项预设的阀值后, 主动向网管中心报告, 然后网管中心就可根 据报告情况进行相应的处理。 例如当某接口的利用率经常性地超过 90 %时, 说明该接口所在的网络数据量过大, 需要扩容或者重新分配网络 资源了。
通过采用本发明的方法可大大优化网络管理。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种计算机网络的远程网络监控方法, 网管中心执行简单网絡 管理协议( SNMP ), 通过描述管理信息库( MIB )被管设备独立的 MIB 管理对象及其属性,和将独立的 MIB管理对象变量的统计值与预设值比 较, 实现远程网络监控告警, 其特征在于还包括如下步骤:
A.在所述管理信息库( MIB )中再定义一组远程网络监视 ( RMON ) 告警扩展表,所述告警扩展表是一个由至少 2个独立 MIB管理对象变量 按运算组合表达式构成的 MIB管理对象变量;
B. 网管中心向被管设备发出含有所述运算组合表达式的设置报文 指令;
C. 被管设备采集所述运算组合表达式中的各独立 MIB管理对象变 量的值, 按所述运算组合表达式进行运算, 将运算值与网管中心预设的 阀值进行比较, 在运算值超过预设的阀值时, 根据网管中心预设的步骤 进行处理。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的计算机网络的远程网络监控方法, 其特 征在于: 在所述的告警扩展表中还定义有一组用于确定远程网络监视
( RMON )监控任务时间长短的管理对象变量, 在监控进程超出该时间 后, 被管设备自动停止监控过程。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的计算机网络的远程网络监控 法, 其特 征在于: 所述的步骤 B, 是由网管中心通过运行远程网络监视(RMON ) 告警扩展应用程序, 对被管设备发出简单网络管理协议 (SNMP ) SetRequest报文,对所述的由至少 2个独立 MIB管理对象变量按运算组 合表达式构成的 MIB管理对象及属性进行设置。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的计算机网络的远程网络监控方法, 其特 征在于: 所述的步骤 C是按设置的采样时间间隔周期执行的。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的计算机网络的远程网络监控方法, 其特 征在于在执行所述的步骤 C前,进一步执行一解析和检验运算组合表达 式的过程, 包括: 从所述的设置报文指令中解析出运算组合表达式的字 符串数据信息; 判断该字符串数据信息是否满足四则运算表达式格式的 基本语法类型;判断构成所述组合表达式的各独立的 MIB管理对象是否 可从所述的被管设备中采集; 在满足上述两项时, 针对所述告警扩展表 按所述运算组合表达式构成的 MIB管理对象, 启动一监控进程。
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的计算机网络的远程网絡监控方法, 其特 征在于: 当字符串数据信息不满足四则运算表达式格式的基本语法类型 时, 被管设备向网管中心 4艮告设置失败和结束程序; 当所述組合表达式 的各独立的 MIB管理对象不能从所述的被管设备中采集时,被管设备向 网管中心报告设置失败和结束程序。
7. 根据权利要求 5 所述的计算机网络的远程网络监控方法, 其特 征在于:所述按运算组合表达式构成的 MIB管理对象变量的语法类型为 OCTECT STRING, 构成运算组合表达式的各独立 MIB管理对象变量采 用点加数字格式。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的计算机网络的远程网络监控方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的被管设备是在所述网络系统中可执行简单网络管理协议
( SNMP ) 的子网节点设备和网络信号传输端口设备。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的计算机网络的远程网络监控方法, 其特征 在于: 所述步骤 C的设备根据网管中心预设的步骤进行处理, 包括向 网管中心发送告警报文(Trap ); 或进行日志记录。.
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