WO2002098797A1 - Conditionneur de metal non halogene et lubrifiant extreme pression - Google Patents

Conditionneur de metal non halogene et lubrifiant extreme pression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002098797A1
WO2002098797A1 PCT/US2002/017341 US0217341W WO02098797A1 WO 2002098797 A1 WO2002098797 A1 WO 2002098797A1 US 0217341 W US0217341 W US 0217341W WO 02098797 A1 WO02098797 A1 WO 02098797A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extreme pressure
percent
bismuth
halogenated metal
metal conditioner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/017341
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English (en)
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WO2002098797A8 (fr
Inventor
Charles L. Stewart
Original Assignee
Omnitec, Inc.
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Publication date
Application filed by Omnitec, Inc. filed Critical Omnitec, Inc.
Priority to EP02739594A priority Critical patent/EP1438365A1/fr
Priority to CA002448239A priority patent/CA2448239A1/fr
Priority to JP2003501792A priority patent/JP2004536905A/ja
Priority to US10/479,476 priority patent/US20040144952A1/en
Priority to MXPA03011077A priority patent/MXPA03011077A/es
Publication of WO2002098797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002098797A1/fr
Publication of WO2002098797A8 publication Critical patent/WO2002098797A8/fr

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    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/10—Groups 5 or 15
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/50—Medical uses

Definitions

  • the herein disclosed invention finds applicability in the field of extreme pressure lubrication.
  • areas needing this type of lubrication are machinery in general and particularly refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, heat pumps and compressors wherein the lubricant is added to circulate in the compressor system reservoir and bearing surfaces, etc.
  • a lubricating and/or conditioning system for lubricating metal surfaces, especially in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It is desirable that the lubricating system be free of chlorine, sulfur, and fluorine which have the potential of combining with hydrogen to produce hydrochloric, sulfuric, and hydrofluoric acid, respectively.
  • chemical compound break-down can release the element to form other compounds which are corrosive, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc.
  • Wilkins, et al (4,963,280) teaches compositions for improving the efficiency of heat pumps, refrigeration units, air condition and heating units.
  • the patentees do this by employing a polar organic compound which is defined as being an organic compound containing sufficient polar groups to provide regions on the molecule which have regions of high electron densities and other regions which have low electron densities.
  • the preferred polar compounds are liquid halogenated ⁇ -olefms and liquid halogenated paraffins.
  • Karol, et al (5,576,273) teaches a synergistic mixture of a dithiocarbamate and organic bismuth compounds to have good extreme pressure properties and to be useful in lubricating compositions.
  • Karol et al (5,631,214) teaches the preparation of bismuth dithiocarbamates for use as extreme pressure additives.
  • Sgarbi, et al (6,27 ' 6,147) teaches a polar solution for air conditioning and refrigeration containing a dithiocarbarnate and a calcium salt.
  • Sgarbi, et al (6,286,323) teaches compositions for improving air conditioning and refrigeration systems containing a polar compound, dithiocarbamates, ⁇ -olefin (see claim 1) and other ancillary components are set forth.
  • Roberts (6,110,877) teaches an extreme pressure lubricant composition containing amongst other ingredients bismuth compounds and a polyalphaolefm (e.g., 1-decene homopolymer).
  • a polyalphaolefm e.g., 1-decene homopolymer
  • Rowan et al (4,889,647) sets forth molybdenum compounds useful in lubricants.
  • a principal object of this invention is to produce an active, polarized refrigerant oil additive and extreme pressure lubricant which will significantly improve heat transfer in the condenser and evaporator coils of a refrigeration system.
  • a further object of this invention is to produce a lubricant which efficiently functions as an extreme pressure lubricant in the compressor unit of refrigerators, chillers, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioners.
  • An important object of the invention is to provide an active, polarized refrigerant oil additive and extreme pressure lubricant that does not contain halogen or sulfur as the polarizing agent.
  • An additional object is to produce an extreme pressure lubricant which is environmentally friendly.
  • a main object of this invention is to produce an extreme pressure lubricant which will efficiently lubricate the metal surfaces of a compressor system.
  • Olefin blend can be obtained as polyalphaolefin under the trade names Ethyl Flo 166, Durasyn 166 or Synfluid PAO6 (Chevron-Phillips Co.).
  • operative bismuth carboxylates are bismuth neo-decanoate (CAS: 34364- 26-75), bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate and bismuth naphthenate or mixtures of these bismuth compounds and are available from OMGTM Cleveland, Ohio or R. T. VanderbiltTM of Norwalk, CT.
  • Polyalphaolefin is a hydrogenated synthetic hydrocarbon base fluid supplied by the EthylTM Corporation and has a CAS registry number of CAS: 68037-01-4. AmocoTM supplies 1-decene, Homopolymer Hydrogenated and has a CAS No. 88037- 01-4.
  • Example of penterythritol esters of C 5 -C 10 fatty acid are CAS: 68424-31-7.
  • Molybdenum compound can be obtained from R. T. VanderbiltTM under the designation Molyvan 855.
  • Dialkyldithiocarbamate Ester with Bismuth Carboxylate can be obtained from R. T. VanderbiltTM under the designation OD-9413.
  • Epoxidized triglyceride can be obtained from FerroTM as Plas-Check 755TM.
  • the refrigerant gases are conventional in the art, and specific examples are fluoropropane and fluorobutane. Additionally, this invention is compatible with refrigerants from the Freon series and their updated replacements, as well as the Methane series, the Ethane series, and the Propane series, Ammonia, Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Dioxide gasses.
  • the herein disclosed invention is directed to the incorporation of effective amounts of a bismuth compound into the refrigerant oil reservoir or the refrigerant gas of a cooling system such as chillers, coolers, refrigeration plants, air conditioners, refrigerators and heat pumps.
  • a cooling system such as chillers, coolers, refrigeration plants, air conditioners, refrigerators and heat pumps.
  • the bismuth compound would be added along with a lubricant to the refrigerant gas or oil.
  • the bismuth compound will be present at about 5 to 10 percent of the lubricating or refrigerant oil, however, the optimum effective amounts could be determined by those skilled in the art.
  • a polarized lubricating oil and bismuth compound to refrigerant gas will boost metal-to-metal lubricity producing a decrease in energy consumption and an increase of over-all efficiency of the cooling equipment in which the polarized bismuth compound which is non-toxic is employed.
  • the bismuth containing lubricating composition is intended to prolong the life of compressors used in cooling equipment.
  • dye tracers and/or bactericides may be added to the bismuth containing lubricant composition.
  • non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant additive useful in refrigerant gas comprises effective amounts of: a lubricant bismuth carboxylate polarized extreme pressure additive, an antimony dialkyldithiocarbamate anti-wear additive, a viscosity improver, and a molybdenum compound anti-friction additive, optionally, a dialkyldithiocarbamate ester with bismuth carboxylate, and/or an acid scavenger/stabilizer together in the compressor gas of a cooling unit.
  • the lubricant may comprise: a polyalphaolefin base oil, a methyl ester base oil, a fatty acid ester base oil.
  • the herein disclosed lubricant composition is directed to a non-halogenated (no chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine) metal conditioner/extreme pressure lubricant additive system, for use in the conditioning or lubricating of metal surfaces.
  • This formulation is unique in that it is free from chemical elements of the Halogen Group, particularly chlorine and fluorine, which are known to combine with hydrogen and form highly undesired (corrosive) hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid respectively.
  • Applications of the invention include but are not limited to use as a Polarized Refrigerant Additive Oil (PROA) in consumer, industrial, commercial, military, and federal sector refrigeration and air conditioning systems, chillers and heat pumps and compressors.
  • PROA Polarized Refrigerant Additive Oil
  • Use of this additive system as a PROA provides (1) significantly improved heat transfer in the evaporator and condensing coils, and (2) increased lubricity of refrigerant oils, significantly enhancing compressor operation and efficiency.
  • the additive system is blended into the refrigerant oil reservoir or refrigerant flow as appropriate to the equipment design.
  • the composition of this invention is carried with the primary lubricant and moves throughout the system.
  • the polar nature of the formula refers to the covalent molecular bonding which takes place between the negatively charged additive molecules and the positive charge of the metal surfaces. As each molecule attaches itself to metal surfaces within the system, it conditions these surfaces, displacing dirt, carbon deposits (coking), and lubricating oil build-up, eventually forming a thin, one molecule thick layer of the additive system. This provides the optimal conditions for efficient thermal conductivity within the heat exchanger systems of refrigeration/air conditioning equipment. Additionally, as a polar (molecular bonding) extreme pressure lubricant, it provides greatly enhanced lubrication to moving parts of refrigeration equipment.
  • the lubrication system may include in combination, a polyalphaolefin base oil, a methyl ester base oil, a fatty acid ester base oil (individually or as a mixture), a bismuth carboxylate polarized extreme pressure additive, a viscosity improver, a molybdenum antifriction additive, and optionally, an additional bismuth compound additive, and/or an acid scavenger/stabilizer.
  • the lubricant additive system is present in a minor quantity and the primary lubricating oil or refrigerant is present in a major quantity, based on weight.
  • the bismuth carboxylate is selected from the group of bismuth neodecanoate, bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate, bismuth naphthenate and mixtures thereof.
  • the polyalphaolefin base oil is from about 20 to 40 percent of said additive system and preferably from about 28 to 38 percent of the additive system.
  • the methylester base oil is from about 15 to 35 percent of the additive system and preferably from about 24 to 33 percent of said system.
  • the fatty acid ester base oil is from about 1 to 10 percent of said additive system and preferably from about 2 to 5 percent of the additive system.
  • the bismuth carboxylate is present in the range from about 20 to 40 percent, and preferably from about 23 to 32 percent.
  • an olefin blend is employed in the system as a viscosity improver, preferably in the amount from about 3 to 5 percent of the additive system as a copolymer of ethylene and propylene.
  • a molybdenum compound may be introduced from about 0.1 to 8 percent of the system.
  • an additional bismuth compound may be introduced from about 0.1 to 8 percent of the system.
  • about 1 to 3 percent of an epoxidized triglyceride may be employed in the system as an acid scavenger and/or stabilizer.
  • the lubricant composition does not contain chlorine or sulfur compounds which would adversely affect the components of the air conditioner, refrigerator or heat pump.
  • composition for addition to the refrigerant of the compressor of, for example, air conditioners, refrigerators and heat pumps in approximately the following proportions:
  • epoxidized triglycerides 1-2 percent can be added.
  • Another component contemplated for use is an antimicrobial biocide as, for example, ionic silver.
  • a special embodiment of this invention includes the addition of a tracer dye, e.g., fluorescent tracer dye, to the lubricant which is to be supplied to the refrigerant of the cooling unit.
  • a tracer dye e.g., fluorescent tracer dye
  • An elegant embodiment of this invention involves a lubricating composition for lubricating gear boxes as well as a lubricating composition for compressors.
  • this elegant composition comprises effective amounts of bismuth compound, molybdenum compound and lubricating oil as for example: Component Percent Lubricating oil 40 - 70 Bismuth compound 20 - 40 Molybdenum compound 1 - 20
  • a zinc compound can be added to this composition in the range of .1 - 2 %.
  • An antimony compound may be added in the range of 1 - 10%.
  • the composition may also be added to a refrigerant gas and can also be accompanied by a , tracer to detect leaks.
  • Antimicrobial agents may be added as a preservative. In this latter respect, silver containing antimicrobial agents are preferred.
  • a viscosity improver with an SAE iso-number of 32 - 68 would be an operative additive for the composition.
  • conditioner-lubricating composition involves: Component Percent
  • Rowan et al (4,889,647) is exemplary of molybdenum compounds useful in the herein disclosed invention and is incorporated by reference to show the same.
  • lubricant In general, any type of lubricant or lubricating oil would be appropriate.
  • lubricant and lubricating oil may be used interchangeably.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions destinées à des lubrifiants extrême pression convenant à des organes de mécanique générale ainsi que dans le réfrigérant des conditionneurs d'air, réfrigérateurs et pompes à chaleur. Ces compositions sont conçues pour la lubrification des pièces mobiles de mécaniques. Au sens le plus large, l'invention comprend un conditionneur de métal contenant une huile de lubrification et un composé bismuthé. Un autre mode de réalisation concerne une huile de lubrification, un composé bismuthé et un composé molybdénique. Ces composés lubrifiants peuvent être ajoutés à un gaz réfrigérant.
PCT/US2002/017341 2001-06-04 2002-05-31 Conditionneur de metal non halogene et lubrifiant extreme pression WO2002098797A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02739594A EP1438365A1 (fr) 2001-06-04 2002-05-31 Conditionneur de metal non halogene et lubrifiant extreme pression
CA002448239A CA2448239A1 (fr) 2001-06-04 2002-05-31 Conditionneur de metal non halogene et lubrifiant extreme pression
JP2003501792A JP2004536905A (ja) 2001-06-04 2002-05-31 非ハロゲン化金属コンディショナー及び極圧潤滑剤
US10/479,476 US20040144952A1 (en) 2001-06-04 2002-05-31 Non-halogenated metal conditioner and extreme pressure lubricant
MXPA03011077A MXPA03011077A (es) 2001-06-04 2002-05-31 Acondicionador de metal no halogenado y lubricante de presion extrema.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29552701P 2001-06-04 2001-06-04
US60/295,527 2001-06-04

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WO2002098797A1 true WO2002098797A1 (fr) 2002-12-12
WO2002098797A8 WO2002098797A8 (fr) 2003-01-09

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EP (1) EP1438365A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004536905A (fr)
CN (1) CN1513051A (fr)
CA (1) CA2448239A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03011077A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002098797A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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EP2267309B1 (fr) 2008-03-18 2018-08-22 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Appareil de réfrigération

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7553673B2 (en) * 2006-11-13 2009-06-30 Rohmax Additives Gmbh Quality control of a functional fluid
FR2936812B1 (fr) * 2008-10-03 2010-10-15 Total France Compositions lubrifiantes pour transmissions.
US20160272918A1 (en) * 2015-03-18 2016-09-22 Dynatec, Llc Synthetic anti-friction & extreme pressure metal conditioner composition and method of preparation
KR102237975B1 (ko) * 2017-03-31 2021-04-07 교도유시 가부시끼가이샤 윤활유 조성물
CN111040858A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-04-21 浙江安赛新材料科技有限公司 一种用于盾构机主轴承的润滑密封油脂及其制备方法
DE102020134539A1 (de) * 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Aktiebolaget Skf Hubkolben-Schmiermittelpumpe

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US4648985A (en) * 1984-11-15 1987-03-10 The Whitmore Manufacturing Company Extreme pressure additives for lubricants
US4889647A (en) * 1985-11-14 1989-12-26 R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Organic molybdenum complexes
US5576273A (en) * 1995-11-20 1996-11-19 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Lubricating compositions containing bismuth compounds
US5631214A (en) * 1995-07-31 1997-05-20 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Preparation of bismuth dithiocarbamates
US5922239A (en) * 1994-08-11 1999-07-13 Kao Corporation Polyol ether derivatives and production methods therefor
US6110877A (en) * 1997-02-27 2000-08-29 Roberts; John W. Non-halogenated extreme pressure, antiwear lubricant additive

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US4963280A (en) * 1988-01-29 1990-10-16 Charles Henry Tully-Wilkins, Jr. Method and composition for improving the energy efficiency of heat pump systems
US6276147B1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2001-08-21 Antonio Pio Sgarbi Air conditioning and refrigeration system using a concentrated polar solution
US6286323B1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2001-09-11 Antonio Pio Sgarbi Air conditioning and refrigeration system using a sulfonate containing calcium salt of dialkyl aromatic sulfonic acid and nonylated phenylamine derivatives in a polar compound

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4648985A (en) * 1984-11-15 1987-03-10 The Whitmore Manufacturing Company Extreme pressure additives for lubricants
US4889647A (en) * 1985-11-14 1989-12-26 R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Organic molybdenum complexes
US5922239A (en) * 1994-08-11 1999-07-13 Kao Corporation Polyol ether derivatives and production methods therefor
US5631214A (en) * 1995-07-31 1997-05-20 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Preparation of bismuth dithiocarbamates
US5576273A (en) * 1995-11-20 1996-11-19 R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Lubricating compositions containing bismuth compounds
US6110877A (en) * 1997-02-27 2000-08-29 Roberts; John W. Non-halogenated extreme pressure, antiwear lubricant additive

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2267309B1 (fr) 2008-03-18 2018-08-22 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Appareil de réfrigération

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EP1438365A1 (fr) 2004-07-21
US20040144952A1 (en) 2004-07-29
JP2004536905A (ja) 2004-12-09
CA2448239A1 (fr) 2002-12-12
MXPA03011077A (es) 2004-12-06
WO2002098797A8 (fr) 2003-01-09
CN1513051A (zh) 2004-07-14

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