WO2002097264A1 - Ameliorations portant sur des dispositifs et des turbines a fluides - Google Patents

Ameliorations portant sur des dispositifs et des turbines a fluides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002097264A1
WO2002097264A1 PCT/NZ2002/000103 NZ0200103W WO02097264A1 WO 2002097264 A1 WO2002097264 A1 WO 2002097264A1 NZ 0200103 W NZ0200103 W NZ 0200103W WO 02097264 A1 WO02097264 A1 WO 02097264A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
turbine
rotor
wind
stator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ2002/000103
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Peter Miles
Original Assignee
David Peter Miles
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by David Peter Miles filed Critical David Peter Miles
Publication of WO2002097264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002097264A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/064—Fixing wind engaging parts to rest of rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/16—Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/18—Air and water being simultaneously used as working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for converting fluid (such as wind or water) energy into electrical energy. More particularly the present invention is directed to a generator, turbine and a generator-turbine system for generating electricity from fluids.
  • Turbines may be classified into four types depending upon the fluids used to drive them - water, steam, gas and wind.
  • a water turbine uses potential energy from the difference in elevation of flowing water; steam turbines are driven by steam produced typically by a fossil fuel fired- or a nuclear powered- generator; in gas turbines, the working fluid is air mixed with the gaseous products of combustion, whilst wind turbines employ the energy available in wind to drive the turbine and produce electric power.
  • Wind turbines in particular may be divided into horizontal axis machines and vertical axis machines.
  • Horizontal axis machines may consist of a rotor, having a number of blades, and a tail vane that keeps the rotor facing into the wind by swivelling the entire rotary assembly.
  • Modern horizontal axis wind turbines may employ from one to four metal blades which operate at much high rotor-tip speeds than windmills. Each blade may be twisted like an aeroplane propeller.
  • Such machines may be self-starting however, self starting turbines typically have a reduced efficiency and include more complex designs which allow for self adjustment of the pitch of the vanes by, for example, articulation, pivotal rotation of the veins or employment of a diffusor.
  • Savonius rotor consists of semi-circular blades welded together with an off-set from the axis to form an open "S”.
  • Darrieus machines commonly consist of two blades of twisted metal strips tied to a shaft at the top and bottom and bowed out in the middle.
  • Wind turbines often have the problem in operation of "high speed over-run” which is brought about by operation of the turbine in high wind situations, resulting in over-rewing. This problem can even result in disintegration of the turbine.
  • Generators which are associated with wind turbines of the abovementioned designs are commonly not constructed for ease of assembly, operation or maintenance by the layman. This is a contributing factor preventing the more widespread use of such technology in areas of the world that may require it most - for example less affluent or less populated areas. Generator designs are specifically built for a particular application, and may not be interchangeable between applications. Furthermore their operation and ultimate maintenance and repair must be carried out by a person experienced in that technology.
  • a generator including or comprising:
  • stator of the generator includes a coil support member associated with each of the plurality of coils.
  • each coil is engaged over and under the associated coil support.
  • the coil is mounted flush with the stator.
  • each coil has a pair of electrical connections (integral or otherwise) into a common electrical circuit (ie common to its phase).
  • connection may still be maintained to allow the generator to continue running.
  • the design of the generator is such that a generator of particular dimension or for a particular application may be prepared by scaling up or scaling down the design substantially by alteration of the diameter of the rotor and the stator, and addition or removal of one or more magnets and one or more coils to keep the system balanced.
  • the scaling up or scaling down of the design may alternatively or additionally include the addition or removal of a second substantially cylindrical stator, to or from the central shaft.
  • the number of coils of the generator is divisible by three and the number of magnets is divisible by four.
  • the generator includes minimal cladding to allow cooling of the generator by radiation and convection and/or access to the coils.
  • the generator is a three phase generator.
  • Preferably generator employs diodes to convert the current from AC to DC.
  • the generator output is used to charge batteries.
  • each coil is encapsulated.
  • each coil is encapsulated by dipping in liquid perspex or use of epoxy to seal the interstices.
  • the central shaft of the generator is directly or indirectly connected to a fluid driven turbine.
  • the turbine is wind driven.
  • the turbine is a vertical axis turbine.
  • the turbine is self regulating as to excessive rotational speed.
  • the turbine and generator together are suspended from a support means in a hanging arrangement.
  • the support means is a cable.
  • the hanging arrangement allows for an up to substantially 60 degree swing of the turbine whilst suspended.
  • the turbine is a self starting turbine.
  • the distance between the roots of the blades at the core is 12-15% of the rotor diameter to enable self starting.
  • the distance between the roots of the blades is 12-18% of the rotor diameter.
  • the blade length to rotor diameter end discs are proportional to the rotor blade diameter to enable the self regulation of rotational speed.
  • the dimensions include that:
  • the central space between rotor blades is at least substantially 12-15% of wind rotor diameter; • the blade length is no more than substantially 75% of the wind rotor diameter, and
  • the turbine is water driven.
  • the rotational speed of the turbine can be controlled.
  • the nature of contact of the turbine with the water may be controlled.
  • the position of the turbine in a water flow may be controlled by supporting the turbine on or with a moveable float.
  • control of the position of the turbine in a water flow allows control of the frequency of power produced. More preferably control of the position of the turbine allows selection of the power frequency produced to be suitable for direct use.
  • a turbine assembly including or comprising a generator and a turbine, wherein the generator includes or comprises:
  • stator of the generator includes a coil support member associated with each of the plurality of coils.
  • each coil is engaged over and under the associated coil support.
  • each coil has a pair of electrical connections (integral or otherwise) into a common electrical circuit (ie common to its phase).
  • connection may still be maintained to allow the generator to continue running.
  • the design of the generator is such that a generator of particular dimension or for a particular application may be prepared by scaling up or scaling down the design substantially by alteration of the diameter of the rotor and the stator, and addition or removal of one or more magnets and one or more coils to keep the system balanced.
  • the scaling up or scaling down of the design may alternatively or additionally include the addition or removal of a second substantially cylindrical stator, to or from the central shaft.
  • the number of coils of the generator is divisible by three and the number of magnets is divisible by four.
  • the generator includes minimal cladding to allow cooling of the generator by radiation and convection and/or access to the coils.
  • the generator is a three phase generator.
  • generator employs diodes to convert the current from AC to DC.
  • the generator output is used to charge batteries.
  • the arrangement includes a solar panel.
  • the turbine is wind driven.
  • the turbine is a vertical axis turbine.
  • the turbine is self regulating as to excessive rotational speed.
  • the turbine and generator together are suspended from a support means in a hanging arrangement.
  • the support means is a cable.
  • the hanging arrangement allows for an up to substantially 60 degree swing of the turbine whilst suspended.
  • the turbine is a self starting turbine.
  • the distance between the roots of the blades at the core is 12-15% of the rotor diameter to enable self starting.
  • the distance between the roots of the blades is 12-18% of the rotor diameter.
  • the blade length to rotor diameter end discs are proportional to the rotor blade diameter to enable the self regulation of rotational speeds More preferably the dimensions include that:
  • the central space between rotor blades is at least substantially 12-15% of wind rotor diameter
  • the blade length is no more than substantially 75% of the wind rotor diameter
  • the turbine is water driven.
  • the rotational speed of the turbine can be controlled.
  • the nature of contact of the turbine with the water may be controlled.
  • the position of the turbine in a water flow may be controlled by supporting the turbine on or with a moveable float.
  • control of the position of the turbine in a water flow allows control of the frequency of power produced. More preferably control of the position of the turbine allows selection of the power frequency produced to be suitable for direct use.
  • a wind powered device including or comprising:
  • a body portion able to rotate about shaft being the rotational axis disposed longitudinally in respect of the body
  • a mounting assembly or means for connection to a mounting assembly capable of suspending the device from a suitable support such that the rotational axis is substantially vertical;
  • the body portion including one or more blade sets
  • the one or more blade sets including a plurality of substantially upright rotor blades which are disposed to radiate substantially outwardly from and/or through the rotational axis and are contained between one or more end discs. wherein the blade length to rotor diameter end discs are proportional to the rotor blade dimeter to enable the self regulation of rotational speed. More preferably the dimensions include that:
  • the central space between rotor blades is at least substantially 12-15% of wind rotor diameter
  • the blade length is no more than substantially 75% of the wind rotor diameter
  • the suspended device may incline from the vertical in the direction of the wind, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the body in comparison to a purely vertical alignment and thereby remaining operational at the inclinations away from the vertical.
  • the device includes a plurality of blade sets each directly or indirectly pivotally connected to another.
  • each body portion Preferably at rest the rotational axis of each body portion is substantially in alignment, but under differing wind velocities may incline such that the rotational axes have differing inclinations.
  • the outwardly radiating path of a blade is substantially spiral when the body portion is viewed in top plan.
  • the configuration of a vane is substantially serpentine when the body portion is viewed in top plan.
  • each blade set are paired diametrically opposite each other about the rotational axis.
  • the wind powered device includes an electricity generating device deriving power from the shaft and able tor transfer that power without detrimentally affecting the hanging characteristics.
  • the electricity generating device is positioned at or near an end of the body portion.
  • the electricity generating device is positioned at or near the distal end of the body portion from the mounting assembly.
  • the electricity generating device is positioned at or near the proximal end of the body portion from the mounting assembly
  • the electricity generating device is a generator comprising or including:
  • a rotor having a peripheral sequence of magnets, the rotor being so disposed as to rotate about the rotational axis relative to the first stator, and • a plurality of coils disposed about the stator, wherein any one coil is independent of any other coil, each being removable from and replaceable on the stator.
  • stator of the generator includes a coil support member associated with each of the plurality of coils.
  • each coil is engaged over and under the associated coil support.
  • the coil is mounted flush with the stator.
  • each coil has a pair of electrical connections (integral or otherwise) into a common electrical circuit (ie common to its phase).
  • connection may still be maintained to allow the generator to continue running.
  • the design of the generator is such that a generator of particular dimension or for a particular application may be prepared by scaling up or scaling down the design substantially by alteration of the diameter of the rotor and the stator, and addition or removal of one or more magnets and one or more coils to keep the system balanced.
  • the scaling up or scaling down of the design may alternatively or additionally include the addition or removal of a second substantially cylindrical stator, to or from the central shaft.
  • the number of coils of the generator is divisible by three and the number of magnets is divisible by four.
  • the generator includes minimal cladding to allow cooling of the generator by radiation and convection and/or access to the coils.
  • the generator is a three phase generator.
  • Preferably generator employs diodes to convert the current from AC to DC.
  • the generator output is used to charge batteries.
  • each coil is encapsulated.
  • each coil is encapsulated by dipping in liquid perspex or use of epoxy to seal the interstices.
  • the central shaft of the generator is directly or indirectly connected to a fluid driven turbine.
  • the wind powered device further includes a contra rotational generator.
  • the present invention consists in an electricity generating apparatus comprising or including:
  • a generator carried by the windmill apparatus including one component being a rotor or a stator being rotatable relative to the other (ie, of the stator or of the rotor), and electrical outlets from said windmill apparatus, the construction and arrangement being such that said stator and rotor are of a kind as previously defined.
  • the present invention consists in an electricity generating apparatus comprising or including: -a water wheel assembly including water wheel and float, wherein the float includes positioning means allowing positioning of the water wheel within the water flow, thereby controlling the rotational speed of the water wheel, -a generator carried by the windmill apparatus, including one component being a rotor or a stator being rotatable relative to the other (ie, of the stator or of the rotor), and electrical outlets from said windmill apparatus, the construction and arrangement being such that said stator and rotor are of a kind as previously defined.
  • a turbine assembly substantially as herein described with reference to any one or more of the drawings.
  • a wind powered device substantially as herein described with reference to any one or more of the drawings.
  • This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more of said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a side cut away view of a generator in accordance with aspect of the invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a plan cut away view of the generator of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a side view of a single rotor section (blade set) in accordance with a wind turbine of the invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a plan view of the blade set of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a hanging turbine assembly in accordance with one aspect of the invention.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a side view of an alternative hanging turbine assembly.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a plan view from above of the assembly of Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a side view of a hanging turbine assembly of the invention incorporating a contra-rotational generator.
  • Figure 9 illustrates a contra-rotational generator.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a side cut away view of a water wheel assembly in accordance with another form of the invention.
  • Figure 11 illustrates an end-on cut away view of the assembly of Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 illustrates a plan view of the assembly of Figure 10.
  • the invention deals with power generating technology particularly designed for use in less populated and/or less affluent areas of the world, or at least with simpler and cheaper construction technology.
  • the generator is designed for use with a turbine driven particularly by wind or by water.
  • the wind turbine design includes suspension of one or more generator units and one or more turbine units from a cable or other suspension means.
  • the turbine is designed to be self -regulating as to speed (particularly excessive speed), to be able to accept wind from all directions due to its self- manoeuvrability , to have a high starting torque and relatively low operating speed.
  • the particular design is also capable of starting at low wind speeds - for example 3-Akm/ r.
  • the generator X includes a cylindrical rotor 1 provided within a stator 6. Both the rotor 1 and stator 6 are concentric about the central shaft la which is driven by a turbine (not shown).
  • the rotor 1 is composed of, or supports a number of magnets 4, oriented end to end, whilst the stator 6 supports or holds a number of coils 7.
  • each coil 7 is mounted upon an individual coil support in the form of coil clips 8 upon a ferrous strip coil 5.
  • the use of the clips 8 is an important feature of the preferred generator of the invention in that they allow the separate removal and replacement of anyone of the coils 7 for maintenance purposes.
  • the stator is shown mounted upon a base board 9.
  • magnet 4 used is an important feature of the design of the generator X. It is envisaged that "standard" magnets may be employed, the number of which depending upon the requirement and resultant diameter of the rotor 1.
  • the diameter of the rotor 1 and thus the scale of the generator X is dependent upon the particular application or requirement, and can be taken to such diameter as is needed to get speed relativity. This will be important as the turbine may be driven by air, or by water, with differing speeds.
  • the number of coils 7, will always be 3 / of the number of poles of the magnets 4. For example 16 poles - 12 coils; 24 poles - 18 coils. This ratio will remain constant irrespective of the application and size of the generator X.
  • the casing of the generator is kept at a minimum, using cheap materials (simple strip metal or example) in order to reduce cost, minimise the number of parts and to allow access to the coils 7 and other componentry of the generator for replacement and/or maintenance.
  • the preferred generator will be 3 phase, irrespective of size but it will be appreciated that other phase numbers will be accommodated within the scope of the invention.
  • the output of the generator is AC however, in a preferred form, diodes will be employed to convert the output to DC current and thereby allowing the assembly to be used in charging batteries, for example, as may be useful in more remote areas.
  • the cooling of the generator may be by use of a fan on the generator shaft. In regions where sand storms are possible this will need to be an enclosed unit.
  • the generator may be liquid cooled.
  • the turbine of the invention may be a wind turbine or a water turbine or other fluid driven turbine however we are predominantly concerned here with wind and water turbines.
  • the kinetic energy in the wind is converted to mechanical energy via a wind rotor.
  • the power taken from the wind is directly proportional to the swept area of the wind rotor. It is a function of the wind rotor's efficiency as to wind speed.
  • Wind rotor swept area is the comparative factor when dealing with different types and sizes of rotors.
  • One preferred wind turbine of the invention is a vertical axis, turbine designed for use in less populated or affluent areas.
  • the construction is simple and the design preferably self starting.
  • the distance between the roots of the blades at the core are between 12-15% of the rotor diameter, or if the drive shaft is through the core, between 12-18% of the rotor diameter. It is preferable to have three blades per rotor for self-start purposes.
  • the body may be constructed in different ways, with there being optionally end pieces (typically disc-like) for supporting the ends of each blade.
  • end pieces typically disc-like
  • Other end or intermediate blade supports, braces and stiffeners may be employed.
  • One preferred embodiment of the invention comprises at least one body portion in turn comprising one or more blades or vanes.
  • Preferably the rotor will have 3 blade sets set at 120° spacing.
  • the blade length will be at a ratio of 3 to 4 with the diameter of the blades.
  • the end discs of each section should be at least
  • each section may be rigidly fixed to an adjacent section.
  • each body portion may be arranged so as to be able to rotate (or at least its blade portion able to rotate) independently of an adjacent body portion. This allows the possibility of counter rotating portions which can in some cases, afford advantages such as reduced vibration.
  • a counter rotational generator is included to reduce vibration and increase the relative speeds of the rotor and stator, and supply a larger input to the generator.
  • the shape and configuration of the blades may vary. While substantially linear (in top plan view) blades may be used, the preferred arrangement is for curved blades which appear partially spiral when the body is viewed along its rotational axis. The radius of the curvature of each blade may vary. Serpentine configurations are also possible.
  • the positioning of the blades can also vary and in one embodiment there is a substantially open central portion which allows air flow through. Typically this can allow the air from the windward side to travel through and act against the blades on the leeward side. More specifically such an arrangement allows air within the volume substantially bounded by the two faces of adjacent blades to travel through and into the volume bounded by at least one second set of faces of adjacent blades.
  • the arrangement is such that the air travelling through is able to act against one face of the second set of faces in a manner assisting rotation of the device in the preferred direction of rotation.
  • the air passing from the central spaces fills the space "voided" by the blade moving against the natural wind flow.
  • a relatively large capture area is presented to the wind. While a large proportion of this wind force will act against the larger radiused portion of the blade (towards the outside) in order to turn the device, a proportion will be directed or naturally find its way into the central portion. This will also be assisted by the adjacent facing surface whose curve may assist in the direction of air into the central region of the body, especially if curved such that laminar flow will occur at least along part of its length.
  • Laminar flow may also be beneficial in assisting rotation of the device.
  • laminar flow will increase wind velocity in the vicinity of the back of the adjacent blade. This will usually result in a corresponding drop in pressure, helping to draw the back of the blade.
  • the back of the blade may be the same configuration as the front, it also may be modified to adopt other configurations to enhance laminar flow and/or any negative pressure due to a Bernoulli effect.
  • Air which finds its way to the centre will typically then attempt to exit, and preferably to the lower pressure leeward side of the device. Typically the air entering this central section will have direction, and if the blades are distributed appropriately, the air will attempt to enter the volume defined by the two faces of diametrically opposed blades.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 we have illustrated a single rotor section (blade set) of a turbine in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. This illustrates the blades 12, (preferably two per blade set) the end discs 15 and disc stays 14.
  • the turbine is a vertical axis, self starting turbine used in conjunction with a generator as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the assembly may include such features as solar panels to provide an alternative energy source for use in remote areas.
  • the most preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention is the suspension of the assembly in a "hanging arrangement" as illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the generator and vertical axis turbine are together suspended from a high tensioned cable across, for example, a valley or other area which will expose the assembly to the wind.
  • the tension in the cable can be such that the force required to twist the cable is beyond the force generated by the rotor resistance to the wind.
  • the design ideally has bearings at both swivel points.
  • the hanging design prevents overspeed in high winds. In high wind speeds there is an excess of power and rotor and support structure must be able to withstand the forces in the wind. To compensate for these factors the suspension of a Savonius type windmill from its top and allowing clear swing of the whole structure the wind pressure relative to the swept area is much reduced. It changes the "angle of attack" of the wind to the blades of the turbine without needing to alter the design of the blades, as previously discussed. The fact that the turbine is suspended allows the body to swing with the wind to the degree that in high winds the rotational axis deviates from the vertical orientation.
  • the basis of this design is the fact that if the wind rotor has a blade length in a certain proportion to the rotor discs, the disc itself is proportioned to the rotor diameter, then the angle that the rotor attains at high wind speed will reduce the swept area. If an angle of 15 degrees is reached the projected area presented to the wind is reduced by 18%. At 30 degrees a 56% reduced area, the angle of attack is also changed to reduce the efficiency in relation to the power in the wind, which varies as the cube of its speed. This effectively also reduces the wide capture area thereby limiting the rotational speed of the device. In effect the device is self limiting in respect of speed, without expensive governing or braking systems, though these could be included optionally.
  • a wind powered device will include a mount enabling the body to be suspended, or include means for attaching the device to a mount to that it is suspended or otherwise supported in a manner allowing it to incline or deflect with the wind.
  • the supporting assembly for the device may be relatively simple, and could comprise a cable or support member linking two vertical structures (which may be existing structures). Specialised support assemblies which need to be able to support the device in high winds are not generally required to the same degree as horizontal axis embodiments and may often be simpler in design and construction, if existing structures are not utilised.
  • the best hanging arrangement to involve some 300m between anchors, which will take at least three generator units.
  • the distance between the suspension cable and the top of the suspension frame must allow for at least a 60 degree swing.
  • the hanging design effects self-control of the rotational sped, and has a shock absorbing effect from gusts of wind.
  • Modifications may be made to the invention to limit maximum swing or deflection of the device with the wind.
  • This may merely be a securing device, such as a chain or cable, attached to a suitable point on the bottom of the of the body.
  • Other arrangements are possible such as connecting a biasing means such as tension spring, bungy cord etc) between the base of the body portion to the ground or another fixed point.
  • This device may be then under tension once hte body starts to swing outwardly, with the amount of tension providing by the biasing means limiting how far the device will swing in the wind.
  • the simplest means to limit the angle of inclination is to put a weight at the bottoms of the turbine. This is preferably one of more generators as discussed above.
  • An advantage of the invention is that it may be used over rugged or unstable terrain where it is not possible to build a suitable supporting mast of structure for conventional horizontal axis embodiments, or for prior art vertical axis embodiments. This is a significant potential advantage in some terrains and ground conditions, making it also very easy to install a constructed embodiment in remote areas by helicopter if need be.
  • Figure 5 shows the generator 28 mounted to the top of the turbine 30.
  • the turbine 30 comprises two end discs 26, 27 containing a number of turbine blades 25.
  • the turbine 30 and generator 28 are together suspended from a cable 20 via a mounting assembly 24.
  • the mounting assembly 24 comprised two pivots 21, 22 about the rotational axis 23, arranged perpendicular to each other. This arrangement allows the free swinging of the entire assembly at virtually any angle in a 360 degree circle.
  • Figure 5 may illustrate one or more blade sets, depending upon choice.
  • FIGs 6 and 7 illustrate an alternative form of the hanging turbine assembly embodiment.
  • the generator X is mounted at the base of the assembly.
  • the assembly comprises three rotor units (blade sets) 41 (as illustrated in Figure 3) mounted on a central shaft by a universal joint 47, and bearings 48, within a frame 46.
  • Each rotor unit 41 has a plurality of blades 42 (ideally two), with end discs 45 and held in place by disc stays 44.
  • the whole assembly is suspended from a suspension cable (not shown) by a suspension bracket 49.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a further alternative form of the hanging turbine assembly embodiment, this time incorporating a contra-rotational generator Y.
  • Figure 9 illustrates the contra-rotational generator Y located with the embodiment of Figure 8. This illustrates the central shaft of the magnetic rotor 81, and a cut away of the rotor/stator section (generally 80). The shaft 81 fits into a bearing 88 in the stator base to maintain rigidity and ensure the air gap is kept constant. With this section rotor 89 can be viewed. The slip rings 83 and slip ring insulation 14 are illustrated along with the slip ring brushed 85. The contra-rotational generator Y is located within the frame 86.
  • An electronic system of rectifiers, inverters etc will be required to suit the variable speed to give a constant frequency to the electrical power.
  • a second preferred assembly of turbine and generator according to the invention incorporates a water wheel system as the fluid turbine.
  • the paddle wheel 101 is supported upon the paddle wheel shaft 102 and includes paddle wheel bearings and mounts 103.
  • the paddle wheel 101 is supported and positioned by the floatation hulls 104 which are secured together by floatation hull ties 105.
  • the floatation hulls 104 are fitted with anchor connectors 106.
  • the generator of the invention as previously described is shown (by the generator cover 107) as being positioned at the side of the paddle wheel 101 in these Figures. It will be appreciated that the generator may be located at a number of convenient locations without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • This water turbine is for use in rivers, streams or the sea.
  • the water turbine may be positioned or supported by a floating structure.
  • it is effectively an undershot waterwheel positioned on a catamaran.
  • the wheel is mounted between the two hulls of the catamaran-type float.
  • This type of float is preferred but it will be appreciated other forms of float may be used without departing form the scope of the invention.
  • the outer sides of the catamaran are preferred straight whilst the insides taper in from the bow towards where the wheel starts. This will result in a slight increase in flow rate at the wheel.
  • the support structure is anchored to the shore, and allows the water wheel to be pulled away for attention or repairs, and also in times of heavy rains and flooding.
  • the waterwheel can be positioned in a swift flowing part of a stream, for example, at the top of a waterfall.
  • This means the speed of rotation can be set to suit the frequency of power required for direct use.
  • An indirect drive may be used to increase speed of rotation where necessary. Such an arrangement gets rid of the need for shore-based heavy construction.
  • the catamaran form will have a mooring line from the front of each bow to assist in positioning it in the swifter flowing parts of a stream/river/tide. It is envisaged that the unit can be positioned close to the top of a waterfall where the water flow rate is swift and constant within a range. Control of the speed of rotation may be achieved in such an arrangement.
  • the water wheel can be used to drive a water pump for irrigation or to pump to high grounds for storage and possible use in a mini-hydro power generation plant.
  • the plant may also be brought to a maintenance position when needed or to a loading ramp for withdrawal altogether.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un générateur, une turbine et un système de générateur à turbine destiné à la production d'électricité. Le générateur (28) comprend un stator cylindrique (6) disposé autour d'une axe de rotation, un rotor (1) comportant une séquence d'aimants (4) en périphérie, et plusieurs bobines (7) disposées autour du stator (6), chaque bobine étant indépendante d'une autre bobine, chacune de ces bobines étant amovible et pouvant être replacée sur le stator (6). La turbine (30) est, de préférence, une turbine à axe vertical comportant un ensemble d'aubes (25), ou plusieurs, suspendu à partir d'un support (24). La configuration de la turbine (30) est constituée de façon à permettre une autorégulation par rapport à une vitesse de rotation excessive. L'invention concerne aussi, dans une réalisation, l'utilisation d'une roue à eau associée au générateur.
PCT/NZ2002/000103 2001-05-29 2002-05-29 Ameliorations portant sur des dispositifs et des turbines a fluides WO2002097264A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ512054 2001-05-29
NZ51205401 2001-05-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002097264A1 true WO2002097264A1 (fr) 2002-12-05

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1650432A1 (fr) * 2003-07-08 2006-04-26 Cosmo Plant Co. Ltd. Systeme de generation d'energie eolienne, structure d'agencement d'aimants permanents et systeme de conversion de force en electricite
WO2008131726A2 (fr) * 2007-04-26 2008-11-06 Christian Esterhammer Éolienne et procédé d'utilisation de celle-ci
WO2009015907A2 (fr) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Turbo King Ltd Améliorations relatives à la génération d'énergie
FR2926623A1 (fr) * 2008-01-22 2009-07-24 Expansion Dev Sarl Systeme d'eclairage
WO2009092928A1 (fr) * 2008-01-22 2009-07-30 Expansion Et Developpement Systeme d'eclairage comprenant un aerogenerateur
GB2461711A (en) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-13 Cypress Wind Turbines Oy Vertical axis wind turbine with direct-drive coupling between shaft and generator
GB2469483A (en) * 2009-04-15 2010-10-20 John David Clifford Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
EP2318693A1 (fr) * 2008-07-16 2011-05-11 New Energy Corporation Inc. Systeme d'amarrage de turbine neutralisant le couple
EP2987997A4 (fr) * 2013-04-18 2016-05-11 Nam-Kyu Choi Petit dispositif de génération d'énergie hydraulique à coussin d'air
WO2016114680A1 (fr) * 2015-01-16 2016-07-21 Zoran Bogdanovic Générateur électrique à stator rotatif et application dudit générateur
CN108547733A (zh) * 2018-04-19 2018-09-18 安徽六和同心风能设备有限公司 一种自调节式垂直轴风力发电机
CN112498749A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-03-16 北京空间机电研究所 一种柔性可展开主动防卫装置

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FR2455685A1 (fr) * 1979-05-04 1980-11-28 Demoury Marc Dispositif d'accrochage pour groupe generateur notamment pour groupe eolien
DE3304328A1 (de) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-09 Heinz Gerd 8581 Weidenberg Czech Wind-generator zur brauchwasser-erwaermung
RU2064082C1 (ru) * 1993-02-16 1996-07-20 Московский Инженерно-Физический Институт Ветросиловая установка
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RU2103782C1 (ru) * 1996-06-14 1998-01-27 Аполлон Анатольевич Ломанов Генератор универсальный
RU2115825C1 (ru) * 1995-07-21 1998-07-20 Георгий Владимирович Гинкулов Ветряная электростанция парусная-3 (вэпг-3)
DE19908557A1 (de) * 1998-03-03 1999-09-09 Westerfeld Elektrischer Generator, Windkraftwerk und Schwungmassenspeicher
JPH11299197A (ja) * 1998-04-14 1999-10-29 Suiden Co Ltd 風力発電機
DE19847813A1 (de) * 1998-10-16 2000-04-20 Genius Ingenieurgesellschaft M Elektrische Maschine mit scheibenförmigen Rotoren
WO2001003275A1 (fr) * 1999-07-06 2001-01-11 Scheffer Edward N Moteur electrique a rotor annulaire traversant des bobines

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FR2455685A1 (fr) * 1979-05-04 1980-11-28 Demoury Marc Dispositif d'accrochage pour groupe generateur notamment pour groupe eolien
DE3304328A1 (de) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-09 Heinz Gerd 8581 Weidenberg Czech Wind-generator zur brauchwasser-erwaermung
RU2064082C1 (ru) * 1993-02-16 1996-07-20 Московский Инженерно-Физический Институт Ветросиловая установка
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DE19532880C1 (de) * 1995-09-06 1996-11-07 Rolf Hoericht Windkraftanlage zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie
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JPH11299197A (ja) * 1998-04-14 1999-10-29 Suiden Co Ltd 風力発電機
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1650432A1 (fr) * 2003-07-08 2006-04-26 Cosmo Plant Co. Ltd. Systeme de generation d'energie eolienne, structure d'agencement d'aimants permanents et systeme de conversion de force en electricite
EP1650432A4 (fr) * 2003-07-08 2012-01-25 Kinpara Shiro Systeme de generation d'energie eolienne, structure d'agencement d'aimants permanents et systeme de conversion de force en electricite
WO2008131726A2 (fr) * 2007-04-26 2008-11-06 Christian Esterhammer Éolienne et procédé d'utilisation de celle-ci
WO2008131726A3 (fr) * 2007-04-26 2009-06-25 Christian Esterhammer Éolienne et procédé d'utilisation de celle-ci
WO2009015907A2 (fr) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 Turbo King Ltd Améliorations relatives à la génération d'énergie
WO2009015907A3 (fr) * 2007-08-02 2009-10-29 Turbo King Ltd Améliorations relatives à la génération d'énergie
FR2926623A1 (fr) * 2008-01-22 2009-07-24 Expansion Dev Sarl Systeme d'eclairage
WO2009092928A1 (fr) * 2008-01-22 2009-07-30 Expansion Et Developpement Systeme d'eclairage comprenant un aerogenerateur
GB2461711A (en) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-13 Cypress Wind Turbines Oy Vertical axis wind turbine with direct-drive coupling between shaft and generator
EP2318693A4 (fr) * 2008-07-16 2013-04-10 New Energy Corp Inc Systeme d'amarrage de turbine neutralisant le couple
EP2318693A1 (fr) * 2008-07-16 2011-05-11 New Energy Corporation Inc. Systeme d'amarrage de turbine neutralisant le couple
GB2469483A (en) * 2009-04-15 2010-10-20 John David Clifford Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
EP2987997A4 (fr) * 2013-04-18 2016-05-11 Nam-Kyu Choi Petit dispositif de génération d'énergie hydraulique à coussin d'air
WO2016114680A1 (fr) * 2015-01-16 2016-07-21 Zoran Bogdanovic Générateur électrique à stator rotatif et application dudit générateur
CN108547733A (zh) * 2018-04-19 2018-09-18 安徽六和同心风能设备有限公司 一种自调节式垂直轴风力发电机
CN112498749A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-03-16 北京空间机电研究所 一种柔性可展开主动防卫装置

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