WO2002095391A1 - Methodes et formulations permettant d'accroitre l'affinite des ligands du recepteur a1 de l'adenosine pour le recepteur a1 de l'adenosine - Google Patents

Methodes et formulations permettant d'accroitre l'affinite des ligands du recepteur a1 de l'adenosine pour le recepteur a1 de l'adenosine Download PDF

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WO2002095391A1
WO2002095391A1 PCT/US2002/016218 US0216218W WO02095391A1 WO 2002095391 A1 WO2002095391 A1 WO 2002095391A1 US 0216218 W US0216218 W US 0216218W WO 02095391 A1 WO02095391 A1 WO 02095391A1
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adenosine receptor
ligand
glycolipid
aiar
analog
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PCT/US2002/016218
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English (en)
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Constance Neely Wilson
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Endacea Inc.
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Priority to CA002441801A priority Critical patent/CA2441801A1/fr
Priority to US10/475,925 priority patent/US20040121406A1/en
Priority to JP2002591814A priority patent/JP2005518331A/ja
Priority to EP02739334A priority patent/EP1390740A4/fr
Publication of WO2002095391A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002095391A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/566—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using specific carrier or receptor proteins as ligand binding reagents where possible specific carrier or receptor proteins are classified with their target compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
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    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/02—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
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    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/10—Antioedematous agents; Diuretics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of delivering or administering Ai adenosine receptor ligands for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, and methods of enhancing the efficacy of the same.
  • Ai adenosine receptors are involved in a vast number of peripheral and central regulatory mechanisms such as, for example, vasodilation, cardiac depression, inhibition of lipolysis, inhibition of insulin release, potentiation of glucagon release in the pancreas, inhibition of neurotransmitter release from nerve endings, tumorigenesis and development of fibrosis and/or sclerosis.
  • i adenosine receptor ligands such as Ai adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists are accordingly useful in numerous diagnostic techniques and therapeutic methods.
  • the use of Ai adenosine receptor analogs in diagnostic techniques is set forth in, for example, U.S. Patent Application No.
  • Ai adenosine receptor ligands have certain limitations. For example, many of these ligands lack optimal solubility under in vivo conditions, and may have low potency or lack of selectivity for adenosine receptors.
  • diagnostic techniques utilizing the AiAR e.g., competitive binding assays for determining the binding of putative Ai adenosine receptor ligands, monoclonal antibodies, etc. to the receptor
  • a recurring problem is the stability of materials that serve as the source for the receptor (e.g., membrane preparations).
  • membranes are often maintained (e.g., plated) in an environment containing lactose and other stabilizers. Even in the presence of these stabilizers, however, the shelf-life/stability of AiAR preparations is limited. It is desirable to have means for increasing the stability of such preparations in diagnostic methods that utilize the AiAR.
  • a ⁇ R ligands for the A-
  • AR particularly when such ligands are administered for therapeutic purposes.
  • One desirable result of increasing the affinity of binding of A-iAR ligands to the AiAR would be an increase in the bioavailability of drugs that are AiAR ligands to the subject being treated .
  • Another advantage may be the increase of solubility of the A-iAR ligand under in vivo and in situ conditions. Increasing bioavailability and solubility of these ligands would generally decrease the amount of ligand that would have to be administered to the subject.
  • adenosine receptor ligands have been developed through the "functionalized congener" approach.
  • analogs of adenosine receptor ligands bearing functionalized chains have been synthesized and attached covalently to various organic moieties such as amines and peptides. Attachment of polar groups to xanthine congeners has been found to increase, for example, water solubility.
  • Jacobson et al. have proposed various derivatives of adenosine and theophylline for use as receptor antagonists. See J. Med. Chem. 35, 408-422 (1992). Jacobson et al.
  • Jacobson et al. have also disclosed that adenosine analogs with covalently attached lipids have enhanced potency at AiARs.
  • glycolipids in order to enhance AiAR ligand binding is not discussed.
  • one aspect of the invention is a method of increasing the affinity of an Ai adenosine receptor (AiAR) ligand for an Ai adenosine receptor comprising contacting an Ai adenosine receptor ligand with a glycolipid or an analog thereof, and binding the Ai adenosine receptor ligand with an Ai adenosine receptor.
  • AiAR Ai adenosine receptor
  • a second aspect of the invention is a method of increasing the affinity of an Ai adenosine receptor (AiAR) ligand for an Ai adenosine receptor comprising contacting an Ai adenosine receptor with a glycolipid or an analog thereof, and binding the contacted Ai adenosine receptor with an Ai adenosine receptor ligand.
  • AiAR Ai adenosine receptor
  • a third aspect of the present invention is a method of increasing the affinity of an Ai AR ligand for an A-iAR, comprising contacting the AiAR ligand with a glycolipid or analog thereof concurrently with binding the A-iAR ligand and the AiAR.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention is a method of delivering an Ai AR ligand to a cell or cell membrane for the purpose of carrying out a diagnostic test, the improvement consisting of increasing the affinity of an AiAR ligand for the AiAR by contacting an A-iAR ligand with a glycolipid or an analog thereof and then binding the A-iAR ligand with an AiAR.
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention is a method of delivering an A ⁇ AR ligand to a cell or cell membrane for the purpose of carrying out a diagnostic test, the improvement consisting of increasing the affinity of an Ai adenosine receptor ligand for the Ai adenosine receptor by contacting an Ai adenosine receptor with a glycolipid or an analog thereof, and binding the contacted Ai adenosine receptor with an Ai adenosine receptor ligand.
  • a sixth aspect of the present invention is a method of administering an AiAR ligand to a subject in need of such treatment, the improvement consisting of increasing the affinity of an AiAR ligand for the A-iAR by administering to the subject the A-iAR ligand with a glycolipid or an analog thereof.
  • a seventh aspect of the present invention is a method of administering an AiAR ligand to a subject in need of such treatment, the improvement consisting of increasing the affinity of an AiAR ligand for the AiAR by administering to the subject a glycolipid or an analog thereof and then administering an A ⁇ R ligand.
  • An eighth aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical formulation comprising an A-i adenosine receptor ligand, a glycolipid or glycolipid analog in an amount sufficient to enhance binding of the Ai adenosine receptor ligand for the Ai adenosine receptor, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a ninth aspect of the present invention is a method of increasing the affinity of an Ai adenosine receptor (AiAR) ligand for a binding site polypeptide of an Ai adenosine receptor, comprising contacting an Ai adenosine receptor ligand with a glycolipid or an analog thereof, and binding the contacted Ai adenosine receptor ligand with a binding site polypeptide of an Ai adenosine receptor.
  • AiAR Ai adenosine receptor
  • a tenth aspect of the present invention is a method of increasing the affinity of an Ai adenosine receptor (A ⁇ R) ligand for a binding site polypeptide of an Ai adenosine receptor, comprising contacting a binding site polypeptide of an Ai adenosine receptor with a glycolipid or an analog thereof, and binding the contacted binding site polypeptide of an Ai adenosine receptor with an Ai adenosine receptor ligand.
  • a ⁇ R Ai adenosine receptor
  • Ai adenosine receptor ligands include but are not limited to Ai adenosine receptor agonists, Ai adenosine receptor antagonists, antibodies specific for the Ai adenosine receptor, and molecules or compounds that are specific for the Ai adenosine receptor, including but not limited to endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), purines, nucleosides, and genetic promoters that are specific for the Ai adenosine receptor.
  • endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
  • purines nucleosides
  • genetic promoters that are specific for the Ai adenosine receptor.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating competition for the highly selective Ai adenosine receptor agonist radioligand, [ 3 H] 2-chloro-N 6 -cyclopentyladenosine, [ 3 H] CCPA, binding to human PAEC membranes by Escherichia coli LPS, CCPA, and the selective A 2 adenosine receptor agonist, 2-phenylaminoadenosine (CV 1808).
  • Each data point represents the mean ⁇ SEM of three experiments performed on different days and assayed in duplicate.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating competition for the highly selective A 2a adenosine receptor agonist radioligand, [ 3 H] CGS 21680, binding to human PAEC membranes by Escherichia coli LPS, the highly selective Ai adenosine receptor agonist, 2-chloro-N ⁇ -cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), and the selective A 2 adenosine receptor agonist, 2-phenylaminoadenosine (CV 1808).
  • Each data point represents the mean + SEM of three experiments performed on different days and assayed in duplicate.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating competition for the selective Ai adenosine receptor antagonist radioligand, [ 125 l] BWA844U, binding to human PAEC membranes by LPSs of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Each data point represents data obtained for one experiment or the average of three different experiments. Each experiment was assayed in duplicate.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the effect of lactocerebroside on binding of the selective A ⁇ adenosine receptor antagonist radioligand, [ 25 l] BWA844U, to human PAEC membranes. Each data point represents data obtained for one experiment or the average of three different experiments. Each experiment was assayed in duplicate.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the effect of NBD-galactocerebroside on binding of the selective Ai adenosine receptor antagonist radioligand, [ 25 l] BWA844U, to human PAEC membranes. Each data point represents data obtained for one experiment or the average of three different experiments. Each experiment was assayed in duplicate.
  • Suitable subjects include, but are not limited to, mammalian subjects. More preferred subjects are mammalian subjects such as humans, monkeys, pigs, cattle, dogs, horses, cats, sheep, and goats. The most preferred subjects are human subjects.
  • the present invention relates to the discovery that glycolipids increase the affinity of A ⁇ R ligands for the Ai AR.
  • AiAR ligands are delivered or administered with (i.e., in the presence of or bound to) a glycolipid in order to increase the affinity of the ligand for the receptor.
  • the glycolipid is contacted with the receptor, either prior, during or after contact with the ligand.
  • the ligand and the glycolipid i.e., the "active compounds” may be delivered to a cell or subject concurrently, or may be formulated together (e.g., in a liposome) or drug delivery form, or may be chemically bound, linked or conjugated together.
  • a glycolipid is administered with the A ⁇ R ligand according to one or more of several methods.
  • the glycolipid is chemically linked to (e.g., conjugated, bound to) the AiAR ligand, for example, via a phenylethylamine or amine group.
  • the glycolipid is delivered in a liposome that also comprises an A-iAR ligand.
  • the glycolipid is not chemically attached to the ligand but is merely administered concurrently.
  • the glycolipid and the A-iAR ligand may be combined or formulated in the same parenteral injection, or in the same oral drug delivery composition, or in the same aerosol delivery composition.
  • the glycolipid may be formulated with the AiAR ligand, in, for example, a time release drug delivery form.
  • AiAR ligands include A-iAR antagonists and agonists, as well as other compounds and molecules that have been found to bind to and activate the AiAR. These compounds and molecules include but are not limited to endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), genetic promoters, purines, and nucleosides that bind the A-iAR. See, e.g., Neely, et al., Am. J. Physiol.(Lung Cell Mol. Physiol.) 272, L353 (1997)(endotoxin/LPS); I. Matot et al., Anesth. Analg.
  • Ligands according to the present invention also include antibodies to the AiAR, which may be polyclonal antibodies, or may be monoclonal antibodies thereof, or may be active fragments or polypeptides thereof.
  • the ligands are specific for the AiAR. In other preferred embodiments, the ligands are highly selective for the AiAR.
  • A-iAR ligands are known and are useful in the practice of the present invention.
  • Certain Ai adenosine receptor antagonists are set forth in U.S. Patent Application No. 08/753,048, filed November 19, 1996 (now U.S. Patent No. 5,786,360 to Neely, issued July 28,1998), incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • One known class of adenosine receptor antagonists is the xanthine family, which includes caffeine and theophylline. See e.g., M ⁇ ller et al., J. Med. Chem. 33, 2822-2828 (1990).
  • A-iAR agonists useful as ligands in the present invention also include but are not limited to adenosine; cyclohexyladenosine; various N 6 -substituted Ai adenosine agonists including but not limited to N 6 cyclopentyladenosine, N 6 R- phenylisopropyladenosine, 2-chloro N 6 cyclopentyl adenosine (CCPA), N 6 (p- sulfophenyl) alkyl and N 6 sulfoalkyl derivatives of adenosine (such as N 6 -(p- sulfophenyl) adenosine; 1-deaza analogues of adenosine including but not limited to N 6 cyclopentyl 1-2-chloro-1-deaza adenosine (1-deaza-2-CI-CPA); N 6 cycloaklyladenosines; N 6 bicycloal
  • Allosteric adenosine receptor ligands that may be used in the practice of the present invention are those set forth in U.S. Patent No. 6,194,449 to Baraldi et al. (incorporated herein by reference), and include but are not limited to (2-amino 4,5- dimethyl-3-thienyl)-(phenyl)methanone; (2-amino-4,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-[(3,5- dichloro-4-amino)-phenyl)]methanone; (2-amino-3-thienyl)-(4- chlorophenyl)methanone; 2-amino-3-benzoyl-6-benzyloxycarbonyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine; 2-amino-3-benzoyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3- cjpyridine; 2-amino-3-(4-chloro-benz
  • Additional A-iAR agonists useful in the present invention are set forth in 6,048,865 to Baraldi et al. (incorporated by reference) and include but are not limited to N 6 -(4-biphenyl carbonylamino)-adenosine-5 ' -N-ethyluronamide, N 6 -(2,4- dichlorobenzyl-carbonylamino)-adenosine ⁇ 5 ' -N-ethyluronamide; N 6 -(4- methoxyphenyl-carbonylamino)-adenosine-5 ' -N-ethyluronamide; N 6 -(4-chlorophenyl- carbonylamino)-adenosine-5 ' -N-ethyluronamide; N 6 -(phenyl-carbonylamino)- adenosine-5 ' -N-ethyluronamide; N 6 -(4-sul
  • Additional ligands useful in the practice of the present invention include those set forth in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,599,671 to Jacobson et al., 5,998,387 to Belardinelli, 5,066,655, to Olsson; 4,968,672, to Jacobson et al.; 5,298,508 to Jacobson et al., 5,248,770, to Jacobson et al.; 4,696,932 to Jacobson et al.; 5,981 ,524, to Peck et al.; 4,559,402 to Irikura et al.; 4,670, 432 to Ward et al.; 5,773,530 to Akahane et al.; 5,565,566, to Olsson; 5,668,139 to Belardinelli et al.; 5,446,046 to Bellardinelli et al.; 5,310,916 to Jacobson et al.; and 6,040,296 to Nyce et al. (
  • Still other ligands useful in the practice of the present invention include those set forth in, for example, published PCT Applications WO 97/24363A1 to Belardinelli et al.; WO 95/11904A1 to Belardinelli et al.; WO 88/08303A1 to Olsson; WO 97/37667A1 to von Lubitz et al.; WO 00/71558 to Blackburn et al.; and WO9967239A1 to Akahane et al.; European Application Nos. EP503563 to Peet et al; EP 764647 to Connell et al.; and EP501379 to Suzuki et al.; Australian Patent Application Nos.
  • Glycolipids of the present invention include, without limitation, monosialoganglioside, lactocerebroside, and galactocerebroside (in particular, NBD- galactocerebroside).
  • Glycolipids of the present invention also include glycolipid analogs such as those set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,283 to Lockhoff et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. Such glycolipid analogs include N-glycoylamides, N-glycosylureas and N-glycosylcarbamates, each of which is substituted in the sugar residue by an amino acid. N-glycolipid analogs of the present invention also include glycosphingolipids and glycoglycerolipids. Some glycolipids have been synthesized from long chain-alkylamines and fatty acids that are linked directly with the sugars through the anomeric carbon atoms, and are also included in the present invention.
  • Glycolipid mimics, analogs and derivatives set forth in U.S. Patent No. 6,103,883 to Lingwood et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,861 ,520 to Ogawa et al., and U.S. Patent No. 5,589,465 to Ishida et al. are also encompassed by the present invention.
  • the active compounds of the present invention may alternatively and optionally be provided in the form of a free base, or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the active compound.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of an A-iAR ligand or glycolipid compound, which are derived from a variety of organic and inorganic counter ions well known in the art. Such salts include, by way of example only, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, and the like.
  • salts of organic or inorganic acids such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, tartrate, mesylate, acetate, maleate, oxalate and the like may be used as the pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acid addition salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate; organic acid addition salts such as acetate, propionate, succinate, lactate, glycolate, malate, tartrate, citrate, maleate, fumarate, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, and ascorbate; salts with acidic amino acid such as aspartate and glutamate; alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salt and calcium salt; ammonium salt; organic basic salts such as trimethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, pyridine salt, picoline salt, dicyclohexylamine salt and N,N ' -dibenzylethylenediamine salt; and salts with basic amino acid such as lysine salt and arginine salt.
  • inorganic acid addition salts such as hydrochlor
  • the delivery of glycolipids and A ⁇ R ligands to a cell or a subject may occur when carrying out diagnostic methods that utilize such AiAR ligands.
  • Diagnostic assays utilizing ligands and AiAR receptors are known in the art.
  • radioligand binding assays such as the binding of [ 3 H]-DPCPX (1 ,3-dipropyl-8- cyclopentylxanthine) to rat brain membranes can be performed essentially according to the method previously described by Bruns et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 77, 5547-5551 (1980).
  • Other assays for binding AiAR ligands to AiARs present in membranes are known.
  • Certain assays are carried out in part by binding a monoclonal antibody to an AiAR, e.g., when the receptor or the ligand is bound to a solid support.
  • the present invention may be used to increase the binding of the
  • the present invention is not limited to AiAR receptor ligands binding to an Ai adenosine receptor expressed in a cell or membrane.
  • the present invention expressly includes the binding of a AiAR receptor ligand to, for example, a partially or completely purified Ai receptor protein, or to a polypeptide that is synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of a ligand binding site for the A-iAR protein.
  • the delivery of an A-iAR ligand is enhanced when the ligand is used in a diagnostic method set forth in U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 08/748,559, filed November 8, 1996 (now U.S. Patent No. 6,159,701 to Neely, issued December 12, 2000, hereinafter the 701 patent), and in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/569,394 to Neely, filed May 12, 2000, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
  • the inventions set forth in this application relate in part to methods of imaging tumor cells in vivo in a subject, and comprise obtaining a sample of treatment cells from a subject, the treatment cells generally being selected from the group consisting of macrophages, monocytes and splenocytes.
  • the treatment cells are primed by contacting the cells with a priming agent.
  • the cells are then labeled with a radiolabeled AiAR ligand.
  • the labeled treatment cells are administered to the subject in an amount effective to provide a radioimage of tumor cells present in said subject.
  • the affinity of the labeled Ai adenosine receptor ligand for the receptor in the treatment cells is increased or enhanced by the presence of a glycolipid.
  • the glycolipid may be contacted with the ligand prior to the labeling step, or contacted with the ligand concurrently with the labeling step, or contacted with the ligand after the labeling step, or delivered to the treatment cell concurrently with the AiAR ligand, or delivered to the treatment cell prior, during, or after the labeling step, or delivered to the treatment cell prior, during or after contacting the treatment cell with the AiAR ligand.
  • the glycolipid may be chemically bound (e.g., linked or conjugated) to the AiAR ligand.
  • the present invention is carried out during the practice of the diagnostic methods set forth in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/569,394 to Neely, filed May 12, 2000, which is also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • a sample of diagnostic cells e.g., monocytes, macrophages, promonocytes, peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), hematopoietic stem cells
  • PBSC peripheral blood stem cells
  • hematopoietic stem cells hematopoietic stem cells
  • the measure of cytotoxicity may be a measure of the number of Ai adenosine receptors (AiAR) in the membranes of the diagnostic cells, or a measure of the affinity of the diagnostic cells for Ai adenosine receptor specific ligands (i.e., a measure of the affinity of the AiARs present in the membranes of the diagnostic cells for AiAR specific ligands), or a measure of the ability of the diagnostic cells (i.e., the A ⁇ Rs present in the membranes of the cells) to bind MCP-1 protein, or a measure of the ability of the diagnostic cells (i.e., the AiARs present in the membranes of the cells) to bind annexins.
  • the affinity of the ligands for the receptors may be increased by the contacting of the cells/membranes with a glycolipid, or the contacting of the ligand with a glycolipid prior, during or after delivery of the ligand to the cells.
  • the glycolipid may be chemically bound (e.g., linked or conjugated) to the AiAR ligand prior to, during or after contacting with the cell.
  • the present invention is carried out during the practice of the diagnostic methods set forth in U.S. Patent Application No. 08/652,928, filed May 24,1996 (now U.S. Patent No. 5,773,306 to Neely, issued June 30, 1998), which is also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • Embodiments of the invention described in that application relate to methods and kits for the detection of endotoxin in a sample.
  • Exemplary assays of these embodiments are competitive inhibition assays of endotoxin for the AiAR expressed in cell membranes.
  • a glycolipid or an analog thereof may be added to membranes expressing the AiAR (or purified AiAR protein or polypeptide synthesized based on the amino acid sequence of the ligand binding sites for the A-iAR) plated on the solid phase, in order to increase the stability and shelf-life of the endotoxin or A-
  • treating the membranes expressing the AiAR may increase the sensitivity and specificity of the endotoxin or AiAR binding assay.
  • the binding of endotoxin for the AiAR competes with the binding of an AiAR ligand for the AiAR.
  • the measure of binding of the ligand is negatively correlated with the amount of endotoxin present in the sample (e.g., the greater the binding of the ligand to the AiAR, the less the amount of endotoxin present).
  • the affinity of the Ai AR ligand for the receptor is increased or enhanced by the presence of a glycolipid.
  • the glycolipid may accordingly be added to the endotoxin assay to increase the sensitivity or specificity of the assay for endotoxin.
  • the glycolipid may be chemically bound (e.g., linked or conjugated) to the AiAR ligand.
  • the present invention may also be carried out in conjunction with therapeutic methods that utilize AiAR ligands.
  • Numerous therapies that utilize AiAR ligands are known.
  • A-iAR ligands have been identified and implicated for use in the treatment of physiological complications resulting from cardiovascular, renal and neurological disorders.
  • Adenosine receptor agonists have been identified for use as vasodilators (FASEB. J. 3(4), Abstract Nos. 4770 and 4773 (1989) and J. Med. Chem. 34, 2570) (1988); antihypertensive agents (D. G. Taylor et al., FASEB J. 2,1799 (1988)); and anti-psychotic agents (T. G. Heffner et al.,
  • AiAR agonists have been identified for use in improving renal function (R. D. Murray and P. C. Churchill, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 232,189-193 (1985)). Allosteric AiAR or binding enhancers have shown utility in the treatment of ischemia, seizures or hypoxia of the brain. See R. F. Bruns, et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 38, 939-949 (1990) and C. A. Janusz, et al., Brain Research 567,181-187)(1991).
  • AiAR ligands have additionally been found to be useful as diuretics, as bronchodilators, i.e., as antiasthmatics; in the treatment of adenosine-sensitive cardiac arrhythmias; for antinociception (i.e., as analgesics); as anticonvulsants; for cardioprotection, both short term (e.g., prior to percutaneous angioplasty (PTCA), angioplasty, and cardiac surgeries) and long term (prevention of myocardial infarction, especially in high risk patients, reduction of infarct damage, especially in high risk patients); for neuroprotection, such as stroke prevention, stroke treatment, and the treatment of epilepsy; for pain management generally, including different forms of neuropathic pain (e.g., diabetic neuropathy), post herpetic neuralgia; in anti- lipid uses such as reduction of free fatty acids, triglycerides, glucose; for adjunct therapy in diabetes, including insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellit
  • the 701 patent also relates to methods of treating tumors, and particularly to methods of treating tumors using Ai adenosine-receptor activated cells, such as monocytes, macrophages and/or splenocytes.
  • Ai adenosine-receptor activated cells such as monocytes, macrophages and/or splenocytes.
  • Activation of these cells may be carried out by activating treatment cells by contacting them with an Ai adenosine receptor agonist to induce cytotoxicity in the cells, and then administering the cytotoxic treatment cells to the subject.
  • the affinity of the binding of the agonist to the AiAR may be increased by the co- administration of a glycolipid with the AiAR ligand.
  • the affinity of the ligands for the receptors may be increased by contacting the cells/membranes with a glycolipid, or contacting the ligand with a glycolipid prior, during or after delivery of the ligand to the cells.
  • the glycolipid may be chemically bound (e.g., linked or conjugated) to the AiAR ligand prior to, during or after contacting with the cells.
  • the present invention is carried out during the practice of the methods set forth the '445 patent.
  • the methods of this application relate to methods of treating fibrosis and sclerosis using Ai adenosine receptor antagonists.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to methods of treating fibrosis or sclerosis in a subject in need of such treatment by administering a composition containing an Ai adenosine receptor antagonist, a P 2X purinoceptor antagonist, or a combination of at least one Ai adenosine receptor antagonist and at least one P 2 ⁇ purinoceptor antagonist.
  • the affinity of the binding of an AiAR ligand (i.e., an AiAR antagonist) to the AiAR is increased by the co- administration of a glycolipid with the AiAR ligand.
  • the affinity of the ligands for the receptors may be increased by contacting the tissue(s) of the subject with a glycolipid prior, during or after delivery of the ligand to the tissue(s) of the subject.
  • the affinity of the ligands for the receptors may also be increased by contacting the ligand with a glycolipid prior, during or after delivery of the ligand to the tissue(s) of the subject.
  • the glycolipid may be chemically bound (e.g., linked or conjugated) to the AiAR ligand prior to, during or after contacting the ligand with the targeted tissue of the subject.
  • the present invention also provides pharmaceutical formulations, both for veterinary and for human medical use, which comprise an AiAR adenosine receptor ligand and a glycolipid formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and optionally any other therapeutic ingredients.
  • any specific active compound will vary somewhat from compound to compound, application to application, and will depend, among other things, upon the condition of the subject or cell and the route of delivery.
  • duration of the treatment can be determined by the medical practitioner.
  • a daily dose can be administered either by a single dose in the form of an individual dosage unit or several smaller dosage units, or by multiple administration of subdivided dosages at certain intervals.
  • the formulation is delivered as a continuous infusion (e.g., intravenously).
  • the carrier(s) must be pharmaceutically acceptable in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not unduly deleterious to the recipient thereof.
  • the formulations may be suitable for inhalational (e.g., as an aerosol), oral, rectal, topical, nasal, ophthalmic, parenteral (including but not limited to subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intraarterial), intraarticular, intrapleural, intraperitoneal, vaginal, bladder instillation, and intracerebral (alternatively, into the cerebral spinal space) administration.
  • Formulations suitable for oral, inhalational, and parenteral administration are preferred.
  • the formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods include the step of bringing the active compound into association with a carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing the active compound into association with a liquid carrier, a finely divided solid carrier, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into desired formulations.
  • Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets, tablets or lozenges, each containing a predetermined amount of the integrase inhibiting agent as a powder or granules; or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or non-aqueous liquid such as a syrup, an elixir, an emulsion or a draught.
  • Formulations suitable for parenteral administration conveniently comprise a sterile aqueous preparation of the active compound, which is preferably isotonic with the blood of the recipient and pyrogen-free.
  • the present invention provides pharmaceutical formulations suitable for intravenous or intramuscular injection.
  • water is a preferred carrier with respect to water-soluble compounds or salts.
  • An organic vehicle such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof, may also be suitable.
  • the solution in either instance may then be sterilized in any suitable manner, for example, by filtration. Subsequent to sterilization, the solution may be filled into appropriate receptacles, such as depyrogenated glass vials. The filling is preferably done by an aseptic method. Sterilized closures may then be placed on the vials and, if desired, the vial contents may be lyophilized.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation may contain other additives, such as pH adjusting additives.
  • pH adjusting agents include but are not limited to acids, bases or buffers, such a sodium lactate, sodium acetate, or sodium gluconate.
  • the compositions may contain microbial preservatives.
  • Useful microbial preservatives include methylparaben, propylparaben, and benzyl alcohol. The microbial preservative is typically employed when the formulation is placed in a vial designed for multidose use.
  • the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention may be lyophilized using techniques well known in the art.
  • an injectable, stable, sterile composition comprising a formulation of the present invention, or a salt thereof, in a unit dosage form in a sealed container.
  • the formulation is provided in the form of a lyophilizate which is capable of being reconstituted with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to form a liquid composition suitable for injection thereof into the subject.
  • a sufficient amount of emulsifying agent which is physiologically acceptable may be employed in sufficient quantity to emulsify the compound or salt in an aqueous carrier.
  • One useful emulsifying agent is phosphatidylcholine.
  • the present invention provides liposomal formulations comprising the ligands of the present invention together with a glycolipid or analog thereof.
  • the technology for forming liposomal suspensions is well known in the art.
  • the formulation may be incorporated into lipid vesicles using conventional liposome technology.
  • the lipid layer employed may be of any conventional composition and may contain cholesterol or may be cholesterol-free.
  • the salt may be substantially entrained within the hydrophobic lipid bilayer which forms the structure of the liposome.
  • the liposomes that are produced may be reduced in size, as through the use of standard sonication and homogenization techniques.
  • the liposomal formulations containing the pharmaceutical formulation may be lyophilized to produce a lyophilizate which may be reconstituted with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as water, to regenerate a liposomal suspension.
  • compositions are also provided which are suitable for administration as an aerosol, by inhalation. These formulations comprise a solution or suspension of the active compounds or a plurality of solid particles of the active compounds.
  • the desired formulation may be placed in a small chamber and nebulized. Nebulization may be accomplished by compressed air or by ultrasonic energy to form a plurality of liquid droplets or solid particles comprising the compounds of salts.
  • the solid particles can be obtained by processing the formulation, in any appropriate manner known in the art, such as by micron ization. Commercial nebulizers are available to achieve this purpose.
  • the present invention provides advantages over presently known methods of delivering or administrating AiAR ligands in that the administration or delivery of a glycolipid increases the affinity of the ligand for the AiAR.
  • the administration or delivery of the glycolipid increases the efficiency of the delivery of the drug to the cell, tissue or subject. This effect provides for increased uptake of the ligands across, for example, the blood-brain barrier, and the tissue barriers of, for example, liver, gut, skin, vagina, mucosa of the respiratory tract (including but not limited to mucosa of the nose, mouth, trachea, and bronchi) and brain.
  • the administration or delivery of the glycolipid with the ligand, or delivery or administration of the glycolipid to the target cell, receptor protein, membrane, tissue or subject increases the bioavailability of the ligand.
  • the administration or delivery of the glycolipid with the ligand, or delivery or administration of the glycolipid to the target cell, receptor protein, membrane, tissue or subject increases the solubility of the ligand.
  • the combination or conjugation of the glycolipid with the ligand allows for an alteration in the solubility of the ligand (for example, an alteration from a water-soluble ligand to a non-water soluble ligand). Increasing bioavailability and solubility would generally decrease the amount of ligand that would have to be administered to the subject or cell.
  • Human Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells (Human PAECs): Culture and Membrane Preparation
  • Human PAECs were obtained from BioWhittaker Inc. (Walkersville, MD) and grown in a multilayer tissue culture vessel for membrane preparation and in 24-weII culture plates for functional studies in an atmosphere of 95% O 2 and 5 % CO 2 .
  • the cells were grown and maintained in medium recommended by the manufacturer.
  • the cells were washed 3 times with PBS and then suspended in lysis buffer (10 mM Tris HCI pH 7.4, 5 mM EDTA, 10 ⁇ g/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor, 10 ⁇ g/ml benzamidine, 2 ⁇ g/ml pepstatin).
  • the cells were homogenized by sonication. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1000 x g at 4°C for 10 minutes.
  • the supernatant was centrifuged at 30000 x g for 30 minutes.
  • the pellet was reconstituted in reconstitution buffer (50 mM Tris HCI pH 7.4, 5 mM EDTA, 10 mM MgCI 2 , 10 ⁇ g/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor, 10 ⁇ g/ml benzamidine, 2 ⁇ g/ml pepstatin).
  • the protein content was determined by Bradford reagent using bovine serum albumin as standard. The aliquots were stored at -80°C until used.
  • Radioligand competition binding experiments were performed with membranes from human PAECs in a total volume of 0.2 ml in 50 mM Tris HCI buffer, adenosine deaminase 0.2 U/ml, pH 7.4 at room temperature with the selective Ai adenosine receptor antagonist radioligand [ 125 l] BWA844U (0.4 nM), the highly selective Ai adenosine receptor agonist radioligand [ 3 H] 2-chloro, N 6 - cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) (0.4 nM), or the highly selective A 2a adenosine receptor agonist radioligand [ 3 H] CGS 21680 (2 nM).
  • Non-specific binding was determined in presence of N 6 - R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) (100 ⁇ M) for [ 125 l] BWA844U and [ 3 H] CCPA or 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (NECA) (100 ⁇ M) for [ 3 H] CGS 21680.
  • R-PIA N 6 - R-phenylisopropyladenosine
  • NECA 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine
  • adenosine receptor agonists and lipopolysaccharides were tested in these radioligand competition binding experiments: highly selective Ai adenosine receptor agonist, CCPA (0.037 pg/ml - 3.7 ⁇ g/ml), selective A 2 adenosine receptor agonist 2-phenylaminoadenosine (CV 1808) (0.036 pg/ml - 3.6 ⁇ g/ml), Escherichia coli LPS (0.1 pg/ml - 10 ⁇ g/ml), Salmonella typhimurium LPS (0.1 pg/ml - 10 ⁇ g/ml), Klebsiella pneumoniae LPS (0.1 pg/ml - 10 ⁇ g/ml), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS (0.1 pg/ml - 10 ⁇ g/ml).
  • enterotoxin (1 pg/ml - 10 ⁇ g/ml), diphosphoryl lipid A (1 pg/ml - 100 ⁇ g/ml), monosialoganglioside (1 pg/ml - 100 ⁇ g/ml), lactocerebroside (1 pg/ml - 100 ⁇ g/ml), and NBD-galactocerebroside (1 pg/ml - 100 ⁇ g/ml) were tested.
  • the agonist potency profile is CCPA > LPS > CV 1808.
  • the calculated IC 50 s of CCPA, LPS, and CV 1808 are 9.4 ng/ml, 111 ng/ml, and 155 ng/ml, respectively.
  • aeruginosa LPS (0.1 pg/ml - 10 ⁇ g/ml) displace binding of [ 125 l] BWA844U in a competitive, dose dependent manner ( Figure 3).
  • the calculated IC 50 s of E. coli LPS, S. typhimurium LPS, K. pneumoniae LPS, and P. aeruginosa LPS are 195 ng/ml, 290 ng/ml, 602 ng/ml, and 693 ng/ml, respectively.
  • Monosialoganglioside (10 and 100 ⁇ g/ml) displaces [ 125 l] BWA844U binding in human PAECs approximately 25 % and 50%, respectively (data not shown).
  • DMSO (10%) had no effect on total or nonspecific binding of [ 125 l] BWA844U.
  • Lactocerebroside (1.0 pg/ml to 1.0 ⁇ g/ml) has no effect on [ 125 l] BWA844U binding in human PAECs. Lactocerebroside (10 ⁇ g/ml) and lactocerebroside (100 ⁇ g/ml) increase [ 125 l] BWA844U binding in human PAECs approximately 20% and 50%, respectively.
  • NBD-Galactocerebroside (1.0 pg/ml to 10.0 ⁇ g/ml) has no effect on [ 125 l] BWA844U binding in human PAECs.
  • NBD-Galactocerebroside (100 ⁇ g/ml) increases [ 125 l] BWA844U binding in human PAECs approximately 75%.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des glycolipides permettant d'augmenter l'affinité des ligands du récepteur A1 de l'adénosine pour le récepteur A1 de l'adénosine. Ces glycolipides sont par conséquent utiles dans le cadre de méthodes de diagnostic et de traitement requérant la distribution ou l'administration de ligands du récepteur A1 de l'adénosine.
PCT/US2002/016218 2001-05-24 2002-05-23 Methodes et formulations permettant d'accroitre l'affinite des ligands du recepteur a1 de l'adenosine pour le recepteur a1 de l'adenosine WO2002095391A1 (fr)

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CA002441801A CA2441801A1 (fr) 2001-05-24 2002-05-23 Methodes et formulations permettant d'accroitre l'affinite des ligands du recepteur a1 de l'adenosine pour le recepteur a1 de l'adenosine
US10/475,925 US20040121406A1 (en) 2002-05-23 2002-05-23 Methods and formulations for increasing the affinity of a1 adenosine receptor ligands for the a1 adenosine receptor
JP2002591814A JP2005518331A (ja) 2001-05-24 2002-05-23 Ａ１アデノシン受容体に対するａ１アデノシン受容体リガンドの親和性を増大させる方法と製剤
EP02739334A EP1390740A4 (fr) 2001-05-24 2002-05-23 Methodes et formulations permettant d'accroitre l'affinite des ligands du recepteur a 1? de l'adenosine pour le recepteur a 1? de l'adenosine

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Cited By (1)

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EP1651259A2 (fr) * 2003-07-31 2006-05-03 Endacea, Inc. Procede et compositions pour produire des reponses antigeniques

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US5504090A (en) * 1994-03-30 1996-04-02 Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Compositions and methods for the prevention and treatment of ischemia-reperfusion organ injury
US5773306A (en) * 1996-05-24 1998-06-30 Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Methods and kits for the detection of endotoxin

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DE19947154A1 (de) * 1999-10-01 2001-10-04 Bayer Ag Substituierte 2-Thio-3,5-dicyano-4-aryl-6-aminopyridine und ihre Verwendung

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US5504090A (en) * 1994-03-30 1996-04-02 Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Compositions and methods for the prevention and treatment of ischemia-reperfusion organ injury
US5773306A (en) * 1996-05-24 1998-06-30 Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Methods and kits for the detection of endotoxin

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DOMANSKA-JANIK K.: "Unsaturated fatty acids induce inhibition of the A1-adenosine receptor in rat brain membranes", NEUROREPORT, vol. 4, no. 4, April 1993 (1993-04-01), pages 451 - 453, XP002956441 *
JACOBSON K.A.: "Adenosine analogs with covalently attached lipids have enhanced potency at A1-adenosine receptors", FEBS LETTERS, vol. 225, no. 1-2, December 1987 (1987-12-01), pages 97 - 102, XP002956442 *
See also references of EP1390740A4 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1651259A2 (fr) * 2003-07-31 2006-05-03 Endacea, Inc. Procede et compositions pour produire des reponses antigeniques
EP1651259A4 (fr) * 2003-07-31 2008-05-28 Endacea Inc Procede et compositions pour produire des reponses antigeniques
US8247231B2 (en) 2003-07-31 2012-08-21 Wilson Constance N Methods and compositions for producing antigenic responses

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