WO2002090481A1 - Compositions et articles pour le depot efficace de parfum - Google Patents

Compositions et articles pour le depot efficace de parfum Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002090481A1
WO2002090481A1 PCT/US2002/013812 US0213812W WO02090481A1 WO 2002090481 A1 WO2002090481 A1 WO 2002090481A1 US 0213812 W US0213812 W US 0213812W WO 02090481 A1 WO02090481 A1 WO 02090481A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
perfume
acetate
methyl
composition
linallyl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/013812
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Gary Welch
Jiten Odhavji Dihora
Errol Hoffman Wahl
Daniel James Dufton
Malcolm Gibson
Grant Gordon Johnston
Andrew Brian Greenaway Patton
Mark William Ridyard
Edward Sayers
Timothy James Schroeder
Toan Trinh
Steven Louis Diersing
David William York
Zaiyou Liu
Kristin Marie Finley
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Publication of WO2002090481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002090481A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C11D17/047—Arrangements specially adapted for dry cleaning or laundry dryer related applications
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
    • A61L9/012—Deodorant compositions characterised by being in a special form, e.g. gels, emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
    • A61L9/014—Deodorant compositions containing sorbent material, e.g. activated carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0052—Gas evolving or heat producing compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/50—Perfumes
    • C11D3/502—Protected perfumes
    • C11D3/505—Protected perfumes encapsulated or adsorbed on a carrier, e.g. zeolite or clay
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/005—Compositions containing perfumes; Compositions containing deodorants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions, articles and methods for supplying fabric care additives to fabrics during a laundering operation.
  • the invention further relates to compositions and articles that will rapidly dispense a unitized amount of one or more selected fabric care agents to a wash and/or rinse bath solution during the laundering process under a variety of conditions such that the fabric care additive is effectively deposited on the fabrics.
  • the invention relates to compositions and articles that will provide a controlled release of perfume compositions from dry fabrics that have been treated with solutions containing the compositions, thereby providing an enduring fragrance.
  • the field ofthe present invention further relates to processing aspects of combining the perfume materials with a carrier for subsequent deposition on fabrics during a laundering process and the selection of prefened caniers.
  • Laundry and other fabric care compositions that contain perfume mixed with or sprayed onto the compositions are well known from commercial practice. Because perfumes are made of a combination of volatile compounds, perfume can be continuously emitted from simple solutions and dry mixes to which the perfume has been added. Various techniques have been developed to hinder or delay the release of perfume from such compositions so that they will remain aesthetically pleasing for a longer length of time. To date, however, few of the methods deliver significant fabric odor benefits after prolonged storage ofthe fabric.
  • Perfumes have also been adsorbed onto a clay or zeolite material that is then admixed into particulate detergent compositions.
  • Japanese Patent HEI 4[1992]-218583, Nishishiro, published Aug. 10, 1992 discloses controlled-release materials including perfumes plus zeolites.
  • compositions that comprise perfume and inorganic carriers are also known generally in the art.
  • WO 99/21953, published May 6, 1999, Henkel discloses a method for producing aromatic beads with bulk densities greater than 700 g/1, wherein a solid, water-free premix comprised of carrier(s), auxiliary agent(s), and perfume is subjected to granulation or compacted agglomeration and WO 99/45091, published Sept. 10. 1999, Henkel, discloses highly dosed fragrant compounds with apparent densities of more than 700 g/1 that are produced by granulation or pressure agglomeration and mixed with other powder-form and/or granular detergent constituents.
  • a scented molded product that is made by mixing sodium bicarbonate, water and fragrance oils to form a first mixture, adding to this first mixture a citric acid mixture comprising sodium borate mixed with citric acid to form a third mixture and molding and drying the third mixture to form a hardened product.
  • WO 93/08255 published April 29, 1993, Kruse, et al., discloses the use of sorbite as a carrier in combination with carbonate and acid are used as a gas evolving system in fragrance beads.
  • U.S.S.N. 09/838,863 filed April 20, 2001 by Caswell, et al. discloses effervescent articles that comprise one or more fabric actives including perfume.
  • the industry is still searching for improvements in the length of storage time ofthe laundry compositions without loss of perfume characteristics such as intensity, the amount of fragrance delivered to fabrics, and perhaps most importantly in the duration of the perfume scent on the treated fabric surfaces.
  • the release of perfume from a zeolite carrier material is a moisture activated release.
  • a complicating factor in the use of such materials is the pre-mature release of perfume components early during the laundering process.
  • the present invention provides for improved retention ofthe perfume in the zeolite such that more perfume is retained on fabric through the laundering process to be released from the dry fabric in the presence of atmospheric moisture or humidity.
  • the present invention solves the long-standing need for a simple, effective, storage-stable delivery system that provides benefits, especially a long lasting dry fabric odor benefit, after the laundering process. Further, the perfume-containing compositions of the present invention have reduced product odor during storage. The present invention also provides the additional benefit of continued odor release from laundered fabrics when exposed humidity while being stored, dried or ironed, providing an enduring fragrance.
  • a perfume delivery composition comprises a hydrating material, perfume particles and optional components such as binders, free perfumes, colorants and supplemental disintegrants.
  • the hydrating material is between about 0% and about 90%, preferably between about 30% and about 60% and more preferably between about 50% and about 60% by weight ofthe delivery composition.
  • the perfume particles comprise a carrier particle and a perfume composition and constitute between about 1% and about 40% by weight of the delivery composition.
  • the delivery composition of the present invention is further characterized in that at least about 30%, preferably at least about 40% and more preferably at least about 50% by volume of the components are in the form of fine powders or particulates having a mean particle size of less than about 100 microns, and preferably less than about 40 microns.
  • the fine particle size is an important characteristic to balance efficient deposition of the desired fabric care technology versus ensuring no visible residues on fabric.
  • a method of entrapping perfume in an inorganic porous particle comprises the steps of contacting the carrier particles with a perfume composition, mixing the carrier and perfume, allowing heat to be generated as the perfume enters the carrier pores and then cooling the mixture.
  • a hydrating material and optional binder material can be added to the entrapped perfume particles to prepare the compositions ofthe present invention.
  • the present invention further provides for a temperature and humidity stable unit dose perfume delivery article that comprises a perfume composition, a material selected from a perfume carrier, preferably zeolite, a hydrating material and mixtures thereof, and a humidity resistant package, wherein at least about 30%, preferably at least about 40% and more preferably at least about 50% by volume of the components are in the form of fine powders or particulates having a mean particle size of less than about 100 microns, and preferably less than about 40 microns.
  • the articles of the present invention have sufficient hardness to survive handling and transportation, will rapidly dissolve in water less than about 10°C during a short cycle washing and/or rinsing process without leaving residue, and will deposit perfume components onto the fabric and provide for a slow release of those components when exposed to atmospheric moisture.
  • the long-term stability of such articles is insured by packaging the articles with materials that provide a moisture barrier, expressed as a moisture vapor transmission rate (MNTR), of at less than about 1.2 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , preferably less than about 0.1 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , and more preferably less than about 0.02 g H 2 O/day/m 2 .
  • MNTR moisture vapor transmission rate
  • a process for making tablets that have at least about 30%, preferably at least about 40% and more preferably at least about 50% by volume of the components are in the form of fine powders or particulates having a mean particle size of less than about 100 microns, and preferably less than about 40 microns, is provided.
  • the tablets are preferably made through the compression of a powder mixture of the composition into various sizes and shapes including generally, cylindrical, elliptical, square, polygon, spherical and others.
  • a binder material is preferably added to promote tablet formation and tablet stability.
  • the tablets may be formed on most low pressure tableting machines available in the industry without hardness or solubility issues.
  • the present invention provides an effervescent article for dispensing in a laundry wash and/or rinse bath solution, the article having a perfume or mixture of perfumes that is between about 1% and about 50% by weight, and an effervescent system comprising an acid source, a carbon dioxide source and an optional binder.
  • the effervescent system will comprise an effervescent granule to improve the release of the perfume(s) from the effervescent article.
  • the present invention further relates to zeolites for use in providing effective deposition on fabrics, improved perfume retention through a laundering operation, and controlled release of the perfume from the dry treated fabric over a prolonged period.
  • the zeolite particles can be any zeolite having a mean surface area of at least about 475 m 2 /g, preferably greater than about 525 m 2 /g, and more preferably at least about 580 m 2 /g.
  • the zeolite is preferably a type X zeolite having the described surface area characteristics, and is more preferably Zeolite 13X.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of the compositions and articles of the present invention to deliver to a given laundry solution, a unitized dose of a selected perfume composition to customize that laundry solution and the perfume deposited on the fabrics laundered in that solution.
  • the invention provides methods for dispensing packaged compositions/articles of the present invention for use by individuals in customizing a laundry solution to deliver a perfume composition selected by the individual.
  • the method also includes the step of providing a dispensing device for housing the supply of packaged compositions/articles that is capable of allowing an individual to select one or more compositions/articles and removing the packaged composition/article from the dispensing device.
  • the present invention also provides a merchandising display for use in a retail environment that comprises a supply of the compositions and/or articles of the present invention.
  • the display ofthe present invention further comprises information to assist the consumer in selecting a composition and/or article for use in combination with a detergent, a fabric softener or other fabric care article to achieve one or more fabric care benefits desired by the consumer.
  • the display may include a computer or other interactive means to assist the consumer in selecting a composition and/or article.
  • the present invention concerns compositions and articles that will deliver perfume to fabrics in a laundry solution, regardless of whether the solution is a wash and/or rinse bath solution, the temperature of the solution or the presence of other materials in the solution. Further, methods for preparing such compositions and articles as well as various methods of use are also described herein below.
  • the present invention relates to a stable perfume delivery composition for use in delivering a perfume composition to fabrics, preferably by dispensing the composition in the laundry wash and/or rinse bath solutions.
  • the compositions of the present invention comprise a hydrating material, perfume particles and one or more optional components, wherein at least about 30%, preferably at least about 40% and more preferably at least about 50% by volume, ofthe components have a mean particle size of less than about 100 micrometers and even more preferably less than about 40 micrometers.
  • hydrating material refers to a material or combination of materials that undergo a physical and/or chemical change in the presence of water or moisture.
  • a common characteristic of hydrating materials is the ability to easily wet or hydrate in the presence of water.
  • Non-limiting examples of such materials are water-soluble salts, polymers, starches, and surfactants.
  • Other preferred hydrating materials are materials that react with one another in the presence of water. Effervescing materials are good examples of this latter group of hydrating materials that are especially preferred since they ensure fast dissolution and act to disperse fine powder materials in the wash liquor.
  • the compositions of the present invention will contain highly water soluble materials. Disintegrants described hereinafter that are activated in the presence of water may also be used to advantage as hydrating materials in the articles ofthe present invention.
  • Effervescent Components The use of effervescent systems not only provides a preferred method for formulating the articles of the present invention, but also provides very rapid disintegration and dissolution ofthe article after it is dispensed in the laundry solution.
  • a simplified effervescent system will comprise an acid and carbon dioxide source material that will react in the presence of water to produce carbon dioxide.
  • the generation of carbon dioxide within the composition, and more particularly within articles made from the composition causes the article to rapidly disintegrate and release the active or mixture of actives to the laundry solution. As is described in additional detail below, this disintegration and active release may be improved by increasing the rate of reaction between the acid and carbon dioxide source material.
  • Effervescent systems are particularly useful in promoting rapid dissolution of tablets and capsules under cold water conditions, e.g. less than about 30°C, preferably less than about 20°C and more preferably less than about 10°C.
  • a laundry article containing an effervescent system is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. While the effervescent systems for use in the present invention are described hereinafter in terms of an acid and carbon dioxide source material that generate carbon dioxide in the presence of water, the effervescent systems useful herein may comprise any material or combination of materials that will generate a gas when dispensed in an aqueous laundry solution.
  • the articles of the present invention preferably have an effervescent system or components that comprise an acid source and a carbon dioxide source. It is important to consider two criteria for the effervescent system, namely (1) the stability of the composition/article during handling, transport, and storage, and (2) the rate of solubility when contacted with water. There are two important physical properties that control the two criteria mentioned, specifically, (1) the surface area available for hydration, and (2) the contact area between the effervescing composition materials. The surface area available for hydration can be controlled by varying particle size.
  • particle stability increases as particle sizes increase, particle dissolution rates decrease as particle sizes increase.
  • Particle stability may also be increased by restricting the penetration of water from the contact interface ofthe acid and carbon dioxide source.
  • faster dissolution rates are obtained by maximizing the penetration of water at the contact interface ofthe acid and carbon dioxide source.
  • Achieving the right effervescent system is a function of the particle size of the system and contact between the individual components.
  • the particle size of the system defines the total surface area available for hydration.
  • the particle sizes of the individual components define the contact area at the interface of the acid and carbon dioxide source and the ratio of these particle sizes can be used as a measure of that contact area. More specifically, it has been found that a high ratio of acid particle size to carbon dioxide particle size results in increased article stability. More preferably, the ratio of acid: carbon dioxide source is sufficiently high that the carbon dioxide source "coats" the acid source so as to form a hydration layer upon moisture penetration. This hydration layer acts to restrict further penetration of water vapor e.g.
  • a particle size ratio of acid to carbon dioxide source materials of more than about 5:1, preferably more than about 20:1, and more preferably greater than about 60: 1 is desired for high particle stability.
  • a faster dissolution rate for an effervescent system can be achieved by preventing complete "coating" of the acid source by the carbon dioxide source, i.e. a lower contact area between the acid source and the carbon dioxide source.
  • a lower contact area can be achieved by forming an intimate mixture of acid and carbon dioxide source materials that have a particle size ratio of acid to carbon dioxide source of about 6:1, more preferably about 3:1, most preferably about 1:1.
  • a particle size ratio of acid to carbon dioxide source material of about 7:1, and preferably of about 5:1 provides a balance between stability and solubility ofthe effervescing system. It is also preferred that the acid source and the carbon dioxide source are intimately mixed with one another, preferably in an effervescent granule. These effervescent granules may then be used to prepare solid articles ofthe present invention in the form of tablets, spheres, bars and most any moldable shape. The composition and manufacture of an effervescent granule is described below.
  • Suitable acid sources for use in the compositions of the present invention include those materials that are capable of providing solid organic, mineral or inorganic acids, preferably in the form of acids, salts, derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof. Preferred derivatives include esters of such acids.
  • the organic acids are preferred, and will include mono-, bi- or tri-protonic acids.
  • Such preferred acids include mono- or polycarboxylic acids preferably citric acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, 3 cetoglutaric acid, citramalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid. Such acids can be used in their acidic or anhydrous forms or mixtures thereof. Other preferred acids include sulphonic acids such as toluenesulphonic acid. Su ⁇ risingly, it has now been found that by using citric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid and/ or malic acid, improved physical and/or chemical stability over prolonged storage periods may be achieved.
  • the acid source and preferably the acid itself, is a particulate compound whereof at least about 75%, preferably at least about 85%, more preferably at least about 90%, even more preferably at least about 95% and further still preferably at least about 99% by volume, has a particle size from about 0.1 to about 1180 microns, and preferably from about 300 to about 700 microns.
  • the particle size of the acid source and the carbon dioxide source material described hereinafter can be determined by any method known in the art, but in particular may be determined by laser light scattering or detraction technique, such as is used in the Malvern 2600 or Sympatec Helos laser light scattering equipment (or defractometer).
  • the particulate acid source is preferably obtained by grinding or milling coarse acid source material, shortly before it is combined with the carbonate source described hereinafter. Specifically, it is advantageous to store the acid source material in a coarse form and grind the material immediately prior to its use to avoid problems that accompany the storage of finely ground acid materials, b) Carbon Dioxide Source Material
  • An effervescent system used in the compositions of the present invention would further comprises a carbon dioxide source.
  • carbon dioxide source includes any material that can provide carbon dioxide when reacting with an acid upon contact with water.
  • the carbon dioxide source material includes carbonates, bicarbonates, percarbonate salts and mixtures thereof, however, bicarbonates and/or carbonates are preferred.
  • Suitable carbonates to be used herein include carbonate and hydrogen carbonate of potassium, lithium, sodium, and the like, amongst which sodium and potassium carbonate are preferred.
  • Suitable bicarbonates to be used herein include any alkali metal salt of bicarbonate like lithium, sodium, potassium and the like, amongst which sodium and potassium bicarbonate are preferred. Bicarbonate may be preferred in combination with or as an alternative to carbonate, because it is more weight effective. However, the choice of carbonate or bicarbonate or mixtures thereof in the dry effervescent granules described hereinafter may be made depending on the pH desired in the aqueous medium wherein the dry effervescent granules are dissolved.
  • aqueous wash solution where a relative high pH is desired (e.g., above about pH 9.5) it may be preferred to use carbonate alone or to use a combination of carbonate and bicarbonate wherein the level of carbonate is higher than the level of bicarbonate, typically in a weight ratio of carbonate to bicarbonate from about 0.1 to about 10, more preferably from about 1 to about 5 and most preferably from about 1 to about 2.
  • the carbon dioxide source has a volume median particle size from about 0.1 to about 200 microns, wherein at least about 60%, preferably at least about 70% more preferably at least about 80%, and even more preferably at least about 90% by volume has a particle size of between about 5 to about 100 microns. It is however, preferred that the carbon dioxide source have a mean particle size that is smaller than the mean particle size of the acid source. Likewise, a carbon dioxide source having a desired particle size may be obtained by grinding a larger particle size material, optionally followed by selecting the material with the required particle size by any suitable separation method. It is preferred that the carbon dioxide source material have a mean particle size that is less than about 100 microns, more preferablyless than about 38 microns and even more preferably less than about 10 microns.
  • the particle size ofthe carbon dioxide source material used plays a critical role in rate of dissolution.
  • the use of a fine particulate carbon dioxide source to "coat" a larger particulate acid source results in an improved dissolution profile, especially when the acid source and carbon dioxide source are combined with other ingredients to form a compressed tablet.
  • This improved dissolution profile is preferred where the article is required to dissolve in water that is less than about 30°C, preferably less than about 20°C, more preferably less than about 10°C, and even more preferably between about 7° and about 10°C.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Effect of Size Ratio on Dissolution Rates Two batches of tablets are prepared using granular citric acid having a mean particle diameter of about 500 microns. In one batch, about 55g of citric acid is coated with about 45 g of a first carbon dioxide source material having a mean particle diameter of less than about 38 microns, while in the second batch, about 55g citric acid is coated with about 45g carbon dioxide source material having a mean particle diameter of about 300 microns. Each powder is compressed into a cylindrical tablet using a force of about 15 kN. The tablets containing the first carbon dioxide source materials exhibit a strength value of about 85 Newtons and the tablets containing the second carbon dioxide source exhibit a strength value of about 80 Newtons. When dispensed into about 200g water at a temperature of about 20°C, the tablets containing the smaller carbon dioxide source material dissolve in about 25 seconds while the larger carbon dioxide source material dissolve in about 46 seconds. c) Effervescent granule
  • the acid and carbon dioxide source are preferably present in an intimate mixture with one another, which means the acid source and carbon dioxide source are homogeneously mixed.
  • a portion of the acid and a portion of the carbon dioxide source are not separate discrete particles.
  • the intimate mixing should result in the acid and the carbon dioxide source being formed into a preferably dry effervescence granule.
  • dry it is to be understood that the granule is substantially free of water, i.e., that no water has been added or present other than the moisture of the raw materials themselves, as free moisture or in a hydrated form.
  • the level of water is below about 5% by weight ofthe total intimate mixture or granule, preferably below about 3% and more preferably below about 1.5%.
  • the acid is preferably present in the intimate mixture or the effervescent granules at a level of from about 0.1 % to about 99% by weight of the total granule, preferably from about 30% to about 95%, more preferably from about 45% to about 85% and even more preferably from about 50% to about 80%.
  • the carbon dioxide source is preferably present in the intimate mixture or the effervescent granules at a level of from about 0.1% to about 99% by weight of the total, preferably from about 3% to about 75%, more preferably from about 5% to about 60%, and even more preferably from about 15% to about 50%.
  • an optional desiccant be present in the intimate mixture of the effervescence granule, such as oven dried inorganic and organic salts, anhydrous salts, over dried silicates and alumino-silicates, anhydrous silicates and/ or sulphate salts.
  • the weight ratio of acid to carbon dioxide source in the intimate mixture or the effervescent granule is preferably from about 0.05 to about 3, more preferably from about 0.1 to about 1.5, and even more preferably from about 0.2 to about 1.
  • An especially preferred weight ratio of acid to carbon dioxide source material in the intimate mixture or the effervescent granule for rapid dissolution in water at less than about 10°C is about 1.2.
  • the effervescent granules are obtainable by a process comprising a granulation step, and preferably comprising the step of dry-powder compaction or pressure agglomeration. While all binding mechanisms can occur in pressure agglomeration, adhesion forces between the solid particles, i.e., between the acid, carbon dioxide source and optionally the binder if present, play an especially important role.
  • pressure agglomeration is an essentially dry process that forms new entities (i.e., dry effervescent granules) from solid particles (i.e., the acid, bicarbonate, carbonate source and optionally the binder) by applying external forces to densify a more or less defined bulk mass or volume, creating binding mechanisms between the solid particles that provide strength to the new entity, i.e. the high external force applied brings the solid particles closer together.
  • reduced pressure may be sufficient to form a stable granule inco ⁇ orating the small particle size acid source, with preferably small particle size carbon dioxide source as defined above.
  • the effervescent granules may have any particle size, the preferred particle size depending on the application and the components ofthe granule. For instance, it has been found that effervescent granules having (a) a weight average particle size of from about 500 microns to about 1500 microns wherein at least about 70% by weight of said granule has a particle size from about 350 to about 2000 microns, preferably (b) having a weight average particle size from about 650 microns to about 1180 microns wherein at least about 70% by weight of said granule has a particle size from about 500 to about 1500 microns, or more preferably (c) having a weight average particle size from about 710 microns to about 1000 microns wherein at least about 70% by weight of said granule has a particle size from about 600 to about 1180 microns, can provide improved dispensing/dissolution.
  • effervescent particles of a weight average particle size from about 200 microns to about 500 microns wherein at least about 70% of said granule has a particle size from about 100 to about 710 microns, and preferably (e) having a weight average particle size from about 250 microns to about 450 microns wherein at least about 70% of said granule has a particle size of from about 150 to about 650 microns, can provide better dispensing and/or dissolution of the composition than larger effervescent particles.
  • the weight average particle size of the effervescent granule herein can be determined by any method known in the art, in particular by sieving a sample of the particulate acid through a series of sieves, typically five, with meshes of various diameter or aperture size, obtaining a number of fractions (thus having a particle size of above, below or between the mesh sizes of the used sieve sizes), whereof the weight is determined (weight fractions).
  • the average particle size per fraction and then the weight average particle size of the material can be calculated, taking in account the weight percentage per fraction (e.g. plotting the weight fractions against the aperture size of the sieves).
  • the effervescence system optionally comprise a coating agent, which can be selected from any coating agent known in the art.
  • coating agents are materials that can be applied to the granule in the form of a melt, which is solid under ambient conditions. Such coating agents will include polymeric materials and nonionic surfactants. Also preferred may be coating agents that can be applied to the granules in the form of an aqueous solution or a solution in an organic solvent, including organic and inorganic acids or salts.
  • a process for manufacturing the effervescent component for use in the articles of the present invention preferably comprises the steps of: (a) first obtaining the acid source of the particle size defined herein, preferably by grinding larger particle size acid source material as commercially available; (b) mixing the thus obtained acid source with the carbon dioxide source, preferably by grinding larger particle size carbon dioxide source material as commercially available, and optionally mixing a binder and/or other ingredients, to form a mixture; and (c) submitting the mixture to a granulation step, preferably comprising the step of extrusion, spheronisation, more preferably compaction or agglomeration.
  • granulation step it is meant that the resulting mixture is made into granules of the required size as defined herein before.
  • a preferred process to be used herein is roller compaction. In this process the acid and carbon dioxide sources and optionally the binder and other ingredients, after having been mixed together, are forced between two compaction rollers that apply a pressure to said mixture so that the rotation of the rolls transforms the mixture into a compacted sheet/flake. This compacted sheet/flake is then granulated.
  • One way to carry this out is to mill the compacted flake/sheet or to granulate the agglomerate mixture by conventional means.
  • Milling may typically be carried out with a Flake Crusher FC 200® commercially available from Hosokawa Bepex GmbH. Depending on the end particle size desired for the effervescent granules the milled material may further be sieved. Sieving of the dry effervescent granules can for example be carried out with a commercially available Alpine Airjet Screen®.
  • the effervescent raw materials and optionally the binder if present are preferably mixed together without the addition of water and/or moisture apart those coming from the raw materials themselves so as to obtain a dry free flowing powder mixture.
  • This dry free flowing powder mixture comprising the effervescent particles (i.e. the acid and carbon dioxide source), and optionally the binder particles if present, undergoes a granulation step, preferably a pressure agglomeration step, i.e. a dry process step wherein this free flowing powder mixture undergoes high external forces that bring the particles closely together thereby densifying the bulk mass of said particles to create binding mechanisms between the solid effervescent particles and the binder if present.
  • a granulation step preferably a pressure agglomeration step, i.e. a dry process step wherein this free flowing powder mixture undergoes high external forces that bring the particles closely together thereby densifying the bulk mass of said particles to create binding mechanisms between the solid effervescent particles and the binder if present
  • Typical roller compactors for use herein is for example Pharmapaktor L200/50P® commercially available from Hosokawa Bepex GmbH.
  • the process variables during the pressure agglomeration step via roller compaction are the distance between the rolls, the feed rate, the compaction pressure and the roll speed.
  • the typical feeding device is a feed screw.
  • the distance between the rolls is typically from about 0.5 cm to about 10 cm, preferably from about 3 to about 7 cm, more preferably from about 4 to about 6 cm.
  • the pressing force is typically between about 20 kN and about 120 kN, preferably from about 30 kN to about lOOkN, and more preferably from about 40 kN to about 80 kN, although lower pressures are possible and may be preferred when employing file particle size acid sources.
  • the roll speed is between about 1 rpm and about 180 ⁇ m, preferably from about 2 ⁇ m to about 50 rpm and more preferably from about 2 ⁇ m to about 35 ⁇ m.
  • the feed rate is between about 1 ⁇ m and about 100 ⁇ m, preferably from about 5 ⁇ m to about 70 ⁇ m, more preferably from about 8 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m.
  • Temperature at which compaction is carried out is not relevant, typically it varies from about 0° C to about 40 °C. It may be preferred that the granules are made under dry-air, having a humidity of below about 30%.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Dissolution Rates — Compacted vs. Non-Compacted Raw Materials
  • about 55g of citric acid having a mean particle size of about 600 microns and about 45 g of sodium carbonate having a mean particle size of about 90 microns are compacted into a sheet employing a Bepex K50/200 compactor with 5 RPM roll speed and about 80 kN compaction force with about 4 mm nip gap between rolls.
  • the sheet is ground using a Bepex FC200, to collect particles of less than about 1000 microns.
  • the granular powder is compressed into a cylindrical tablet using a compressive force 15kN.
  • the non-compacted raw materials In the preparation of the non-compacted raw materials, about 55g of citric acid having a mean particle size of about 600 microns and about 45g of sodium carbonate having a mean particle size of about 90 micrometers are mixed using a drum mixer. This powder is compressed into a cylindrical tablet using a compressive force of about 15 kN. The tablets made with the compacted raw materials give an average strength value of about 194 Newtons, and an average dissolution time of about 265 seconds. The tablets made with non-compacted materials have an average strength value of about 108 Newtons, and an average dissolution time of about 329 seconds.
  • Non-effervescing hydrating materials including water-soluble cellular matrices, starch, water swellable and super absorbent polymers, organic and inorganic highly soluble salts, and the like, all may be used to advantage in compositions and articles of the present invention.
  • the criteria for selecting such hydrating materials is that in the presence of water the hydrating material is activated to cause an article of the present invention to break apart, thereby promoting the dissolution ofthe article.
  • such hydrating materials will not leave residue in the laundry solution that might otherwise deposit on fabrics in the solution.
  • Water-soluble cellular matrix perfume microcapsules are solid particles containing perfume stably held in the cells.
  • the water-soluble matrix material comprises mainly polysaccharide and polyhydroxy compounds.
  • the polysaccharides are preferably higher polysaccharides of the non-sweet, colloidally-soluble types, such as natural gums, e.g., gum arabic, starch derivatives, dextrinized and hydrolyzed starches, and the like.
  • the polyhydroxy compounds are preferably alcohols, plant-type sugars, lactones, monoethers, and acetals.
  • the cellular matrix microcapsules useful in the present invention are prepared by, e.g., (1) forming an aqueous phase of the polysaccharide and polyhydroxy compound in proper proportions, with added emulsifier if necessary or desirable; (2) emulsifying the perfumes in the aqueous phase; and (3) removing moisture while the mass is plastic or flowable, e.g., by spray drying droplets of the emulsion.
  • the matrix materials and process details are disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,852, Brenner, et al., issued July 27, 1976, which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
  • Moisture-activated perfume microcapsules of the cellular type can be obtained commercially, e.g., as IN-
  • perfume particles can be prepared according to the disclosure in U.S. Pat. No. 5,267,531.
  • Perfume oil is first emulsified with various starches and water for a period of two hours. The emulsion is then spray dried and checked for proper oil content.
  • perfume compositions useful in the perfume delivery compositions and articles of the present invention comprise between about 1% and about 50%, but preferably greater than about 3% and more preferably greater than about 5% by weight of the composition of a perfume active of mixture of perfume actives.
  • perfume is used to indicate any odoriferous material that is subsequently released into the aqueous bath and/or onto fabrics contacted therewith.
  • the perfume will most often be liquid at ambient temperatures.
  • a wide variety of chemicals are known for perfume uses, including materials such as aldehydes, ketones, and esters. More commonly, naturally occurring plant and animal oils and exudates comprising complex mixtures of various chemical components are known for use as perfumes.
  • the perfumes herein can be relatively simple in their compositions or can comprise highly sophisticated complex mixtures of natural and synthetic chemical components, all chosen to provide any desired odor.
  • Typical perfumes can comprise, for example, woody/earthy bases containing exotic materials such as sandalwood, civet and patchouli oil.
  • the perfumes can be of a light floral fragrance, e.g. rose extract, violet extract, and lilac.
  • the perfumes can also be formulated to provide desirable fruity odors, e.g. lime, lemon, and orange. Further, it is anticipated that so-called "designer fragrances" that are typically applied directly to the skin will be used when desired by the consumer.
  • the perfumes delivered in the compositions and articles of the present invention may be selected for an aromatherapy effect, such as providing a relaxing or invigorating mood.
  • any material that exudes a pleasant or otherwise desirable odor can be used as a perfume active in the compositions and articles of the present invention.
  • At least about 25%, more preferably at least about 50%, even more preferably at least about 75%, by weight of the perfume is composed of fragrance material selected from the group consisting of aromatic and aliphatic esters having molecular weights from about 130 to about 250; aliphatic and aromatic alcohols having molecular weights from about 90 to about 240; aliphatic ketones having molecular weights from about 150 to about 260; aromatic ketones having molecular weights from about 150 to about 270; aromatic and aliphatic lactones having molecular weights from about 130 to about 290; aliphatic aldehydes having molecular weights from about 140 to about 200; aromatic aldehydes having molecular weights from about 90 to about 230; aliphatic and aromatic ethers having molecular weights from about 150 to about 270; and condensation products of aldehydes and amines having molecular weights from about 180 to about 320; and essentially free from nitromusks and halogenated fragrance
  • fragrance material selected from the group consisting of:
  • compositions and articles of manufacture of the present invention can optionally comprises free perfume.
  • free perfume During the laundry process, when perfume is not inco ⁇ orated in a perfume carrier, a substantial amount of that free perfume that is added to the wash and/or the rinse cycle is lost with the water and in the subsequent drying cycle (either line drying or machine drying). This has resulted in both a waste of unusable perfume that are not deposited on the laundered fabrics, and a contribution to the general air pollution from the release of volatile organic compounds to the air. It is therefore preferable that at least about 25%, more preferably at least about 50%, even more preferably at least about 75%, by weight of the free perfume is composed of enduring perfume ingredients.
  • enduring perfume ingredients are characterized by their boiling points (B.P.) and their ClogP value.
  • the enduring perfume ingredients of this invention have a B.P, measured at the normal, standard pressure of 760 mm Hg, of about 240°C or higher, preferably of about 250°C or higher, and a ClogP of about 2.7 or higher, preferably of about 2.9 or higher, and even more preferably of about 3.0 or higher.
  • the enduring perfume ingredients tend to be substantive and remain on fabric after the laundry washing and drying process.
  • the ClogP of an active is a reference to the "calculated" octanol/water partitioning coefficient of the active and serves as a measure of the hydrophobicity of the active.
  • the ClogP of an active can be calculated according to the methods quoted in "The Hydrophobic Fragmental Constant” R.F. Rekker, Elsevier, Oxford or Chem. Rev, Vol. 71, No. 5, 1971, C. Hansch and A.I. Leo, or by using a ClogP program from Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc.
  • ClogP The "calculated logP”
  • the fragment approach is based on the chemical structure of each compound and takes into account the numbers and types of atoms, the atom connectivity, and chemical bonding.
  • the boiling point values can also be estimated via a computer program that is described in "Development of a Quantitative Structure - Property Relationship Model for Estimating Normal Boiling Points of Small Multifunctional Organic Molecules", David T. Stanton, Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2000, pp. 81-90.
  • Nonlimitting examples of the preferred enduring perfume ingredients of the present invention include: benzyl salicylate, adoxal, allyl cyclohexane propionate (ally 1-3- cyclohexyl propionate), alpha damascone, ambrettolide (trade name for oxacycloheptadec-10-en-2-one), ambretone (trade name for 5-cyclohexadecen-l-one), ambroxan, amyl cinnamic aldehyde,amyl cinnamic aldehyde dimethyl acetal, amyl salicylate, ambrinol 20t (trade name for 2,5,5-trimethyl-octahydro-2-naphthol), iso E super (trade name for 7-acetyl-l,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-l,l,6,7,tetramethylnaphthalene), anandol (trade name for
  • t. bucinal (trade name for 2-methyl-3(para tertbutylphenyl) propionaldehyde), musk ketone, musk indanone (trade name for 4-acetyl-6-tert butyl- 1,1- dimethyl indane), musk plus (trade name for 7-acetyl-l,l,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl tetralin), octalynol (trade name for 1-naphthalenol, l,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a,octahydro-2,2,6,8- tetramethyl), ozonil (trade name for tridecen-2-nitrile), phantolide (trade name for 5- acetyl-l,l,2,3,3,6-hexamethylindan), phenafleur (trade name for cyclohexyl phenyl ethyl ether), phenyl ethyl benzoate, phenyl
  • the preferred perfume compositions used in the present invention contain at least 5 different enduring perfume ingredients, preferably at least 6 enduring perfume ingredients, more preferably at least 7 different enduring perfume ingredients, and even more preferably at least 8 different enduring perfume ingredients. Most common perfume ingredients which are derived from natural sources, are composed of a multitude of components. When each such material is used in the formulation of the preferred perfume compositions of the present invention, it is counted as one single ingredient, for the pu ⁇ ose of defining the invention.
  • some materials having no odor or very faint odor are used as diluents or extenders.
  • Non-limiting examples of these materials are dipropylene glycol, diethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, isopropyl myristate, and benzyl benzoate. These materials are used for, e.g., diluting and stabilizing some other perfume ingredients. These materials are not counted in the formulation ofthe lasting perfume compositions of the present invention.
  • the perfume compositions of the present invention can also comprise some low odor detection threshold perfume actives.
  • the odor detection threshold of an odorous material is the lowest vapor concentration of that material which can be olfactorily detected.
  • odor detection threshold and some odor detection threshold values are discussed in, e.g., "Standardized Human Olfactory Thresholds", M. Devos et al, IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1990, and "Compilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data", F. A. Fazzalari, editor, ASTM Data Series DS 48A, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1978, both of said publications being inco ⁇ orated by reference.
  • the use of small amounts of perfume ingredients that have low odor detection threshold values can improve perfume odor character, even though they are not as substantive as the enduring perfume ingredients disclosed hereinabove.
  • Perfume ingredients having a significantly low detection threshold, useful in the lasting perfume composition of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of allyl amyl glycolate, ambrox (trade name for l,5,5,9-tetramethyl-l,3- oxatricyclotridecane), anethole, bacdanol (trade name for 2-ethyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3- cyclopenten-l-yl)-2-buten-l-ol), benzyl acetone, benzyl salicylate, butyl anthranilate, calone, cetalox (trade name for dodecahydro-3A,6,6,9A-tetramethylnaphtho[2,lB]-furan), cinnamic alcohol, coumarin, cyclogalbanate, Cyclal C (trade name for 3-cyclohexene-l- carboxaldehyde, 3,5-dimethyl-), cymal (trade name for 2-
  • low odor deterction threshold materials are preferably present at low levels in addition to the enduring perfume ingredients, typically less than about 20%, preferably less than about 15%, more preferably less than about 10%, by weight of the total perfume compositions of the present invention. It is understood that these materials can be used a levels higher than 20% and even up to 100% of the total perfume composition. Some enduring perfume ingredients also have low odor detection threshold. These materials are counted as enduring perfume ingredients in the formulation of the perfume compositions of the present invention
  • Perfume absorbed onto and/or into a porous carrier such as zeolite to form perfumed particles is another approach to reduce the perfume release and/or perfume loss.
  • the perfume raw materials or mixtures of perfume raw materials may be selected according to the description provided in U.S.
  • Perfume actives and mixtures of actives useful for the present invention preferably comprise at least about 50% of deliverable actives with boiling points less than 300°C (preferably at least about 60%; more preferably at least about 70% of such actives).
  • the perfume actives that are preferred for use in the compositions and articles of the present invention will have at least about 80%, and more preferably at least about 90%, of the deliverable actives have a "ClogP value" greater than about 1.0.
  • the ClogP value for an active or mixture of actives may be obtained as described below.
  • An unstable perfume ingredient can be identified by loading a liquid perfume composition comprising at least 6 perfume ingredients including the perfume ingredient being studied into a sample of activated/dehydrated zeolite 13X, according to the procedure given hereinbelow, and stored under anhydrous condition for about 24 hours. The perfume ingredients are then extracted with acetone to be recovered as free perfume and analyzed by gas chromatography to determine its stability.
  • a perfume ingredient is characterized as an "unstable perfume ingredient" if at least about 50% of that ingredient, preferably at least 65%, more preferably at least about 80%, and even more preferably at least about 95% of that ingredient is decomposed into other by-products, and not recovered from the extraction.
  • Non-limiting examples ofthe unstable perfume ingredients that are not suitable for use in the present invention preferably include ingredients selected from the group consisting of allylic alcohol ester, secondary alcohol ester, tertiary alcohol ester, allylic ketone, condensation product of amines and aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, and more preferably include ingredients selected from the group consisting of allylic alcohol ester, secondary alcohol ester, tertiary alcohol ester, allylic ketone, acetal, ketal, condensation product of amines and aldehydes, and mixtures thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples of allylic alcohol ester perfume ingredients include allyl amyl glycolate, allyl anthranilate, allyl benzoate, allyl butyrate, allyl caprate, allyl caproate, allyl cinnamate, allyl cyclohexane acetate, allyl cyclohexane butyrate, allyl cyclohexane propionate, allyl heptoate, allyl nonanoate, allyl salicylate, amyl cinnamyl acetate, amyl cinnamyl formate, cinnamyl formate, cinnamyl acetate, cyclogalbanate, geranyl acetate, geranyl acetoacetate, geranyl benzoate, geranyl cinnamate, methallyl butyrate, methallyl caproate, neryl acetate, neryl butyrate, am
  • “Secondary alcohol” refers to an alcohol moleculewherein the carbon atom carrying the alcoholic hydroxyl group is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom and two carbon atoms, namely, having the general structure C-CH(OH)-C.
  • Non-limiting examples of secondary alcohol ester perfume ingredients include secondary-n-amyl acetate, ortho- tertiary-amyl cyclohexyl acetate, isoamyl benzyl acetate, secondary-n-amyl butyrate, amyl vinyl carbinyl acetate, amyl vinyl carbinyl propionate, cyclohexyl salicylate, dihydro-nor- cyclopentadienyl acetate, dihydro-nor-cyclopentadienyl propionate, isobornyl acetate, isobornyl salicylate, isobornyl valerate, flor acetate, frutene, 2-methylbuten-2-ol-4-acetate, methyl phenyl carbinyl acetate, 2-methy 1-3 -phenyl propan-2-yl acetate, prenyl acetate, 4- tert-butyl cyclohexyl
  • Teriary alcohol refers to an alcohol molecule wherein the carbon atom carrying the alcoholic hydroxyl group is covalently bonded to three other carbon atoms, namely, having the general structure
  • Non-limiting examples of tertiary alcohol ester include tertiary-amyl acetate, caryophyllene acetate, cedrenyl acetate, cedryl acetate, dihydromyrcenyl acetate, dihydrote ⁇ inyl acetate, dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, dimethyl benzyl carbinyl isobutyrate, dimethyl heptenyl acetate, dimethyl heptenyl formate, dimethyl heptenyl propionate, dimethyl heptenyl-iso-butyrate, dimethyl phenylethyl carbinyl acetate, dimethyl phenylethyl carbinyl-iso-butyrate, dimethyl phenylethyl carbinyl-iso-valerate, dihydro-nor-dicyclopentadienyl acetate, dimethyl benzul carbinyl butyrate, di
  • Some alcohols ofthe unstable alcohol ester perfume ingredients can be both allylic and secondary, or both allylic and tertiary.
  • Non-limiting examples of these ingredients are amyl vinyl carbinyl acetate, amyl vinyl carbinyl propionate, hexyl vinyl carbinyl acetate, 3-nonenyl acetate, 4-hydroxy-2-hexenyl acetate, linallyl anthranilate, linallyl benzoate, linallyl butyrate, linallyl iosbutyrate, linallyl ca ⁇ roate, linallyl caprylate, linallyl cinnamate, linallyl citronellate, linallyl formate, linallyl heptoate, linallyl-N- methylanthranilate, linallyl methyltiglate, linallyl pelargonate, linallyl phenylacetate, linallyl propionate, linallyl pyr
  • Non-limiting examples of allylic ketone perfume ingredients include acetyl furan, allethrolone, allyl ionone, allyl pulegone, amyl cyclopentenone, benzylidene acetone, benzylidene acetophenone, alpha iso methyl ionone, 4-(2,6,6-trimetyl-l-cyclohexen-l-yl)-3-buten-2-one, beta damascone (l-(2,6,6- trimethylcyclohexen- 1 -yl)-2-buten- 1 -one), damascenone ( 1 -(2,6,6-trimethyl- 1 ,3 - cyclohexadien-l-yl)-2-buten-l-one), delta damascone (l-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclo-hexen- l-yl)-2-buten-l-one), alpha ionone (4-(2,6,6
  • Acetal refers to an acetal molecule wherein the aldehyde functional group is covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms of two hydroxyl groups at the same carbonyl carbon, namely, having a general structure C-CH(OC) 2 .
  • Non-limiting examples of acetal perfume ingredients include acetaldehyde-benzyl-beta-methoxyethyl acetal, acetaldehyde- di-iso-amyl acetal, acetaldehyde-di-pentandeiol acetal, acetaldehyde-di-n-propyl acetal, 10 acetaldehyde-ethyl-trans-3-hexenyl acetal, acetaldehyde-phenylethyleneglycol acetal, acetaldehyde phenylethyl-n-propylacetal, cinnamic aldehyde dimethyl acetal, acetaldehyde-benzyl-beta-methoxyethyl acetal, acetaldehyde-di-iso-amylacetal, acetaldehyde diethylacetal, acetaldehyde-di-
  • Ketal refers to a ketal molecule wherein the carbonyl functional group of a ketone is covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms of two hydroxyl groups at the same carbonyl carbon, namely, having a general structure CC(OC) 2 C.
  • acetal perfume ingredients include acetone diethylkatal, acetone dimethylketal, acetophenone diethyl ketal, methyl amyl catechol ketal, methyl butyl catechol ketal, and mixtures thereof.
  • Non-limiting examples of perfume ingredients being condensation products of amines and alhehydes, and not being preferred in the perfume compositions of the present invention include anisaldehyde-methylanthranilate, aurantiol (hydroxycitronellal methylanthranilate), verdantiol (4-tert-butyl-alpha-methyldihydrocinnamaldehyde methyl anthranilate), vertosine (2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene carbaldehyde), hydroxycitronellal ethylanthranilate, hydroxycitronellal linallylanthranilate, methyl-N-(4-(4-hydroxy-4- methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexenyl-methylidene)-anthranilate, methylnaphthylketone- methylanthranilate, methyl nonyl acetaldehyde methylanthranilate, methyl-N
  • porous mineral carriers ofthe present invention exert a catalytic effect that promotes the decomposition of these particular perfume ingredients.
  • the perfume compositions that are suitable for use in the present invention typically comprises less than about 30%, preferably less than about 15%, more preferably less than about 7%, even more preferably less than about 5%, yet even more preferably less than about 3%, and even more preferably less than about 1%, by weight of the perfume composition, of unstable perfume ingredients, preferably selected from the group consisting of allylic alcohol ester, secondary alcohol ester, tertiary alcohol ester, allylic ketone, condensation product of amines and aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, allylic alcohol ester, secondary alcohol ester, tertiary alcohol ester, allylic ketone, acetal, ketal, condensation product of amines and aldehydes, and mixtures thereof.
  • unstable perfume ingredients preferably selected from the group consisting of allylic alcohol ester, secondary alcohol ester, tertiary alcohol ester, allylic ketone, condensation product of amines and aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, more
  • a “stable" perfume ingredient can be loaded into activated/dehydrated zeolite 13X in the same manner without substantial degradation, with typically at least about 50%, preferably at least 65%, more preferably at least about 80%, and even more preferably at least about 95% of that ingredient not decomposed into other by-products.
  • a perfume molecule is also considered as “stable” when it is isomerized in the zeolite loading process into another structure with the same molecular weight.
  • Non-limiting examples of such stable perfume ingredients include alpha-pinene and beta-pinene.
  • the perfume compositions that are suitable for use in the present invention typically comprises at least about 70%, preferably at least about 85%, more preferably at least about 93%, even more preferably at least about 95%, yet even more preferably at least about 97%, and even more preferably at least about 99%, by weight of the perfume composition, of stable perfume ingredients.
  • Porous mineral carriers provide an advantageous benefit in that they can retain perfume ingredients for a slow release, including non-substantive ingredients. Therefore, preferably, perfume compositions that are inco ⁇ orated into the porous mineral carrier, for use in the compositions and articles of the present invention comprise at least about 30%, preferably at least about 50%, more preferably at least about 65%, of non-substantive perfume ingredients which are characterized by having a boiling point equal to or lower than about 250°C and or having a ClogP being equal or smaller than about 3.
  • Non-limiting examples of such non-substantive perfume ingredients include amyl acetate, amyl propionate, anethol, anisic aldehyde, anisole, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl acetone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, benzyl iso valerate, benzyl propionate, camphor gum, carvacrol, laevo-carveol, d-carvone, laevo-carvone, citral (neral), citronellol, citronellyl acetate, citronellyl isobutyrate, citronellyl nitrile, citronellyl propionate, para-cresol, para-cresyl methyl ether, cyclohexyl ethyl acetate, cuminic alcohol, cuminic aldehyde, cyclal C (3,5-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen
  • Nonlimiting examples of stable perfume ingredients that have a significantly low detection threshold, useful in the compositions of the present invention, are ambrox (l,5,5,9-tetramethyl-l,3-oxatricyclotridecane), anethole, bacdanol (2-ethyl-4-(2,2,3- trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-l-yl)-2-buten-l-ol), benzyl acetone, benzyl salicylate, butyl anthranilate, calone, cetalox (2-ethyl-4-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-l-yl)-2-buten-l-ol), cinnamic alcohol, coumarin, Cyclal C (3,5-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-l-carboxaldehyde), cymal (2-methy 1-3 -(para iso propylpheny ⁇ )propionaldehyde), 4-decenal, dihydro is
  • the perfume composition to be inco ⁇ orated in the porous carrier does not consist of 0.2% allyl amyl glycolate, 0.31% damascenone, 0.51%) decyl aldehyde, 15.27% dihydro iso jasmonate, 1.02% helional, 14.97%) ionone gamma methyl, 20.37% linalool, 1.02% myrcene, 15.27%) p.t. bucinal, 0.51%o para methyl acetophenone, 20.37%) phenyl ethyl alcohol, and 10.18% undecavertol, by weight of the perfume composition.
  • the perfume composition to be inco ⁇ orated in the porous carrier does not consist of 10% benzyl salicylate, 5% coumarin, 2% ethyl vanillin, 10% ethylene brassylate, 15% galaxolide, 20% hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, 10% gamma methyl ionone, 15% lilial, 5% methyl dihydrojasmonate, 5% patchouli, and 3% tonalid.
  • the perfume composition to be inco ⁇ orated in the porous carrier preferably comprises less than about 100% aldehyde and/or acetal perfume ingredients.
  • perfume composition to be inco ⁇ orated in the porous carrier preferably comprises less than 45%) te ⁇ inol, by weight ofthe perfume composition.
  • free, stable and/or unstable perfume ingredients, including nonsubstantive perfume ingredients can be inco ⁇ orated or encapsulated in other types of perfume carriers, for use in the compositions and articles of the present invention.
  • the perfume can be encapsulated in the form of molecular encapsulation, such as inclusion in a complex with cyclodextrin, coacevate microencapsulation wherein the perfume droplet is enclosed in a solid wall material, and "cellular matrix" encapsulation wherein solid particles contain perfume droplets stably held in cells or perfume is embedded in, e.g., starch or sugar matrix.
  • molecular encapsulation such as inclusion in a complex with cyclodextrin, coacevate microencapsulation wherein the perfume droplet is enclosed in a solid wall material
  • cellular matrix encapsulation wherein solid particles contain perfume droplets stably held in cells or perfume is embedded in, e.g., starch or sugar matrix.
  • the perfume active may also include pro-fragrances such as acetal profragrances, ketal pro-fragrances, ester pro-fragrances (e.g., digeranyl succinate), hydrolyzable inorganic-organic pro-fragrances, and mixtures thereof.
  • pro-fragrances may release the perfume material as a result of simple hydrolysis, or may be pH-change- triggered pro-fragrances (e.g. pH drop) or may be enzymatically releasable pro- fragrances.
  • pro-fragrances pro-perfumes, pro-accords, and mixtures thereof hereinafter are known collectively as "pro-fragrances”.
  • the pro-fragrances of the present invention can exhibit varying release rates depending upon the pro-fragrance chosen.
  • the pro-fragrances of the present invention can be admixed with the fragrance raw materials that are released therefrom to present the user with an initial fragrance, scent, accord, or bouquet.
  • the pro-fragrances of the present invention can be suitably admixed with any carrier provided the carrier does not catalyze or in other way promote the pre-mature release form the pro-fragrance of the fragrance raw materials.
  • the pro- fragrances are not inco ⁇ orated into the dehydrated/activated zeolite carriers.
  • esters and polyesters - are capable of releasing one or more fragrance raw material alcohols.
  • R is substituted or unsubstituted C ⁇ -C 30 alkylene, C 2 -C 30 alkenylene, C 6 -C 30 arylene, and mixtures thereof;
  • -OR 1 is derived from a fragrance raw material alcohol having the formula HOR 1 , or alternatively, in the case wherein the index x is greater than 1, R 1 is hydrogen thereby rendering at least one moiety a carboxylic acid, -CO 2 H unit, rather than an ester unit; the index x is 1 or greater.
  • preferred polyester pro-fragrances include digeranyl succinate, dicitronellyl succinate, digeranyl adipate, dicitronellyl adipate, and the like.
  • Beta-Ketoesters - The ⁇ -ketoesters of the present invention are capable of releasing one or more fragrance raw materials.
  • Preferred ⁇ -ketoesters according to the present invention have the formula:
  • R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, Cj.-C 3 o alkyl, C 2 -C 30 alkenyl, Ci-C 3 o cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 30 alkynyl, C 6 -C 3 o aryl, C 7 -C 30 alkylenearyl, C 3 -C 30 alkyleneoxyalkyl, and mixtures thereof, provided at least one R 1 , R 2 , or R 3 is a unit having the formula:
  • R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, C ⁇ -C 3 o alkyl, C 2 -C 3 o alkenyl, C ⁇ -C 30 cycloalkyl, C ⁇ -C 30 alkoxy, C 6 -C 30 aryl, C 7 -C 3 o alkylenearyl, C 3 -C 30 alkyleneoxyalkyl, and mixtures thereof, or R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 can be taken together to form a C 3 -C 8 aromatic or non-aromatic, heterocyclic or non-heterocyclic ring.
  • Non-limiting examples of b-ketoesters according to the present invention include
  • Acetals and Ketals - Another class of compound useful as pro-accords according to the present invention are acetals and ketals having the formula:
  • R 1 + R 2 OH + R 3 OH wherein R is C ⁇ -C 2 o linear alkyl, C 4 -C 20 branched alkyl, C 6 -C 20 cyclic alkyl, C 6 -C 20 branched cyclic alkyl, C 6 -C 20 linear alkenyl, C 6 -C 20 branched alkenyl, C 6 -C 20 cyclic alkenyl, C 6 -C 20 branched cyclic alkenyl, C 6 -C 20 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, preferably the moieties which substitute the aryl units are alkyl moieties, and mixtures thereof.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, R, or in the case wherein the pro-accord is a ketal, R and R can be taken together to form a ring.
  • R and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of C 5 -C 20 linear, branched, or substituted alkyl; C 4 -C 20 linear, branched, or substituted alkenyl; C 5 -C 20 substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkyl; C 5 -C 20 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, C 2 -C 40 substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy; C 3 -C 40 substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxyalkyl; C 6 -C 40 substituted or unsubstituted alkylenearyl; C 6 -C 32 substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy; C 6 -C 4 o substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxyaryl; C 6 -C 40 oxyalkylenearyl
  • Non-limiting examples of aldehydes which are releasable by the acetals of the present invention include 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-l- carboxaldehyde (lyral), phenylacetaldehyde, methylnonyl acetaldehyde, 2-phenylpropan- 1-al (hydrotropaldehyde), 3-phenylprop-2-en-l-al (cinnamaldehyde), 3-phenyl-2- pentylprop-2-en-l-al (a-amylcinnamaldehyde), 3-phenyl-2-hexylprop-2-enal (a- hexylcimiamaldehyde), 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropan-l-al (cyclamen aldehyde), 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropan-l-al (floralo
  • ketones which are releasable by the ketals ofthe present invention include a-damascone, b-damascone, d-damascone, b-damascenone, muscone, 6,7-dihydro- 1 , 1 ,2,3 ,3-pentamethyl-4(5H)-indanone (cashmeran), cis-j asmone, dihydrojasmone, a-ionone, b-ionone, dihydro-b-ionone, g-methyl ionone, a-tso-methyl ionone, 4-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)butan-2-one, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one, methyl b-naphthyl ketone, methyl cedryl ketone, 6-acetyl-l,l,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetralin (tonali)
  • orthoesters - Another class of compound useful as pro-accords according to the present invention are orthoesters having the formula:
  • R is hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 4 -C 20 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 20 alkenyl, C 6 -C 2 o aryl, and mixtures thereof;
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C 5 -C 20 linear, branched, or substituted alkyl; C 4 -C 20 linear, branched, or substituted alkenyl; C 5 -C 20 substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkyl; C 5 -C 2 o substituted or unsubstituted aryl, C 2 -C 40 substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxy; C 3 -C 40 substituted or unsubstituted alkyleneoxyalkyl; C 6 -C 40 substituted or unsubstituted alkylenearyl; C 6 -C 32 substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy; C
  • orthoester pro-fragrances include tris-geranyl orthoformate, tris(c/,s'-3-hexen-l-yl) orthoformate, tris(phenylethyl) orthoformate, bis(citronellyl) ethyl orthoacetate, tris(citronellyl) orthoformate, tris(ct5 , -6-nonenyl) orthoformate, tris(phenoxyethyl) orthoformate, tris(geranyl, neryl) orthoformate (70:30 geranykneryl), tris(9-decenyl) orthoformate, tris(3-methyl-5-phenylpentanyl) orthoformate, tris(6-methylheptan-2-yl) orthoformate, tris([4-(2,2,6-trimethyl-2- cyclohexen-l-yl)-3-buten-2-yl] orthoformate, tris[3-methyl-5-phenyl
  • the perfume active or mixture of actives may be combined with a perfume fixative.
  • the perfume fixative materials employed herein are characterized by several criteria that make them especially suitable in the practice of this invention. Dispersible, toxicologically acceptable, non-skin irritating, inert to the perfume, degradable and/or available from renewable resources, and relatively odorless fixatives are used.
  • perfume fixatives are believed to slow the evaporation of more volatile components ofthe perfume.
  • suitable fixatives include members selected from the group consisting of diethyl phthalate, musks, and mixtures thereof. If used, the perfume fixative may comprise from about 10% to about 50%, and preferably from about 20% to about 40%, by weight ofthe perfume. 2. Carrier materials
  • the perfume be contained or adsorbed to a carrier to prevent premature loss, as well as to avoid a strong product perfume odor.
  • the encapsulation can be in the form of molecular encapsulation such as inclusion in a complex with cyclodextrin.
  • perfumes and other organic fabric care actives can be absorbed onto the surface or adsorbed into the pores of porous carrier materials or embedded in a matrix, such as a starch or sugar matrix.
  • porous carrier materials includes porous solids selected from the group consisting of amo ⁇ hous silicates, crystalline non-layer silicates, layered silicates, calcium carbonates, calcium/sodium carbonate double salts, sodium carbonates, clays, zeolites, sodalites, alkali metal phosphates, macroporous zeolites, chitin microbeads, carboxyalkylcelluloses, carboxyalkylstarches, foams, porous starches, chemically modified starches, starch derivatives, low and high molecular weight sugars, and sugar derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
  • the selection of the most suitable method of perfume delivery takes into account the effectiveness, the efficiency, and the cost of each method.
  • Perfume loaded into Zeolite X or Y is preferred for its effectiveness, ease of processing, and low cost.
  • the zeolite cavity protects and retains the perfume ingredients from physical effects in the absence of more than about 20% relative humidity (e.g., no rupture/perfume loss during processing, packaging, shipping, and storing of the product, or perfume loss from diffusion) and from chemical effects (e.g., degradation during storage).
  • the perfume composition is preferably released by a moisture activated mechanism wherein the perfume components are released upon being contacted with liquid or vapor water, preferably water vapor.
  • Preferred perfume carrier materials are zeolite X, zeolite Y and mixtures thereof.
  • zeolite as used herein refers to a crystalline aluminosilicate material.
  • the structural formula of a zeolite is based on the crystal unit cell, the smallest unit of structure represented by
  • n is the valence of the cation M
  • x is the number of water molecules per unit cell
  • m and y are the total number of tetrahedra per unit cell
  • y/m is 1 to 100. Most preferably, y/m is 1 to 5.
  • the cation M can be Group IA and Group IIA elements, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium.
  • the aluminosilicate zeolite materials useful in the practice of this invention are commercially available.
  • the preferred zeolite is a faujasite-type zeolite including Type X Zeolite or Type Y Zeolite, both with nominal, pore size of about 8 Angstrom units, typically in the range of 7.4 to 10 Angstrom units.
  • the crystalline aluminosilicate material is Type X and is selected from the following:
  • the crystalline aluminosilicate materials is Type Y and is selected from the following: (V) Na 56 [AlO 2 ⁇ 56 .SiO 2 ) 136 .xH 2 O
  • Zeolites used in the present invention are in particle form having an average particle size from about 0.1 microns to about 250 microns, preferably from about 0.1 microns to about 30 microns, and more preferably between about 1 micron and about 5 microns, as measured by standard particle size analysis techniques.
  • Zeolites carrying perfume or other fabric care actives tend to agglomerate which facilitates the formation of an article and its dissolution when the active is displaced from the zeolite in solution.
  • Different zeolites have a variety of different sizes and physical characteristics.
  • a zeolite or mixture of different zeolites are a preferred perfume carrier for use in the compositions and articles ofthe present invention.
  • zeolites useful in the compositions and articles ofthe present invention are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,955,419 issued Sept. 21,1999, to Barket, Jr., et al., which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
  • different types of zeolites give different performances as do zeolites that are of a common type but that have different physical properties.
  • Zeolite 13X, MSHZ-128, MHSZ-Y and Y-Abscent were evaluated for their dry fabric odor intensity, twenty four hours after the treatment of the fabrics: Zeolite 13X, MSHZ-128, MHSZ-Y and Y-Abscent, all commercially available from UOP; Advera 20 IN, commercially available from PQ Co ⁇ oration; LSX, commercially available from Zeoline; AX and X, commercially available from Vegobond; CVB 901, CVB 100, CVB 300, CVB 400, CVB 500, CVB 600, CVB 712, CVB 720, CVB 760 and CVB 780, all commercially available from Zeolist; AKZO-1 and AKZO-2, both commercially available from AKZO; and ENG-1, ENG-2, ENG-3, and ENG-4, all commercially available from Engelhard.
  • the Zeolite 13X available from UOP exhibited the highest dry fabric odor intensity, and thus is a preferred zeolite for use in
  • zeolites having sodium cations are preferred over zeolites having potassium cations. While a variety of zeolites having different properties are commercially available, zeolites may also be prepared using method well known in the art.
  • zeolites there are three primary methods for synthesis of zeolites, namely, (1) the hydrogel method which employs reactive oxides, soluble silicates, soluble aluminates, and caustic to produce high purity powders or zeolites in a gel matrix; (2) a clay conversion method which employs raw minerals such a kaolin and faujisite, soluble silicates and caustic to produce low to high purity powder or zeolite in clay derived matrix; and (3) processes based on the use of naturally occurring raw materials e.g. natural silica, acid treated clay, volcanic glass, amo ⁇ hous minerals, to yield high purity powders and zeolites on ceramic supports.
  • the hydrogel method which employs reactive oxides, soluble silicates, soluble aluminates, and caustic to produce high purity powders or zeolites in a gel matrix
  • a clay conversion method which employs raw minerals such a kaolin and faujisite, soluble silicates and caustic to produce
  • a preferred process for making a humidity triggered release zeolite is the hydrogel method outlined above.
  • a preferred type of zeolite for use in humidity-triggered release of perfume is the X type zeolites, and more preferably, Zeolite 13X available from UOP.
  • the size of the zeolite particles allows them to be entrained in the fabrics with which they come in contact, however, there is a need to balance particle size with cleaning negatives. That is, large particles entrained in the fabric may be visible and generate the perception of ineffective cleaning, or impact the whiteness and/or color of fabrics.
  • the zeolites Once established on the fabric surface, the zeolites can begin to release their inco ⁇ orated perfume active(s), especially when subjected to humidity in the atmosphere. 3. Surface Area of Zeolite
  • the carrier material is a zeolite
  • zeolites that have the surface area characteristics described below provide improved perfume adso ⁇ tion, deposition on fabrics and retention of the perfume composition through the laundering process to provide the treated fabrics with an enduring fragrance.
  • Types X and Y zeolites have a nominal pore sizes ranging from about 7.4 to about 10 Angstroms which is suitable for diffusion of perfume molecules into the zeolite cavity.
  • pore size distribution and silicon to aluminum ratio (hydrophobicity of cavity), cation, and moisture content are critical screening tools for selection among various types of zeolites such as zeolites A, X, Y, etc.
  • a preferred zeolite from UOP, L.L.C. Zeolite 13X powder
  • Co ⁇ oration (Advera 20 IN powder) confirmed that although Zeolite 13X and Advera 20 IN have an identical chemical composition, particle size distribution, cation, pH (lwt% aqueous dispersion), and provide equivalent deposition onto fabric, there is a significant difference in BET surface area between these two type X zeolites.
  • BET surface area is an estimate of the total adso ⁇ tion area of a nitrogen monolayer adso ⁇ tion in a porous particle.
  • the procedure well known to those familiar in the art, and consists, of several steps including (1) placing the porous particles in a glass tube, approximately Vi full, (2) applying a high vacuum to remove adsorbed species, (3) cooling of the powder sample to approximately 76 Kelvin, (4) evaluating the adso ⁇ tive capacity of the powder as a function of the partial pressure of nitrogen injected into the tube.
  • the adso ⁇ tion data is then organized to yield a total surface area for nitrogen adso ⁇ tion (monolayer).
  • Advera 20 IN and Zeolite 13X both type X zeolites had an average BET surface area of about 587 m /g and about 478 m /g respectively.
  • Preferred type X zeolites will have a total moisture content that is less than about 7wt%, and a BET surface area that is at least about 475 m 2 /g, preferably greater than about 525 m 2 /g, and more preferably greater than about 580 m 2 /g.
  • the zeolites to be used herein preferably contain less than about 10% desorbable water, more preferably less than about 8% desorbable water and even more preferably less than about 5%> desorbable water.
  • Such materials may be obtained by first activating/dehydrating by heating the zeolite from about 150° to about 350°C, optionally at a reduced pressure from about 0.001 to about 20 Torr, for at least about 12 hours. After this "activation", the perfume active or perfume composition is thoroughly mixed with the activated zeolite and, optionally, heated to about 60°C for up to two hours to accelerate abso ⁇ tion equilibrium within the zeolite particles. The perfume zeolite mixture is then cooled to room temperature, under controlled humidity conditions, at which time the mixture is in the form of a free flowing powder.
  • the amount of perfume inco ⁇ orated into the zeolite carrier is less than about 20%, typically less than about 18.5% and more typically less than about 17%, and even more typically from about 12%) to about 15% by weight of the loaded particles, given the limits on the pore volume of the zeolite. Excess perfume materials and non-deliverable perfume materials that are not inco ⁇ orated into zeolite pores are likely to be immediately released to the wash or rinse solution upon contact with the aqueous medium. In the case of perfume articles, an optional excess of "free" perfume will provide a desirable immediate "bloom" ofthe fragrance upon dispensing the article in a laundry solution.
  • the mixing and entrapment of perfume active into the perfume carrier can be carried out using various techniques known in the art of adso ⁇ tion, abso ⁇ tion, and agglomeration.
  • the perfume active (100%) active or diluted in a solvent) can be sprayed onto a bed of powder, followed by mixing.
  • the perfume can be loaded in the vapor or superheated phase.
  • Another option is to use a rotating drum mixer, and spray-on perfume active via single fluid, two-fluid, ultrasonic, or other nozzle technology.
  • One can also use continuous agglomerating equipment, well-known to those familiar in the art, to entrap perfume in the perfume carrier.
  • perfume actives are adsorbed or absorbed onto perfume carriers by simply mixing the perfume active with the carrier in a bulk mixer, typically a rotating drum mixer.
  • a bulk mixer typically a rotating drum mixer.
  • perfume entrapment in zeolite involves key physical and chemical transformations including: (1) perfume adso ⁇ tion onto zeolite surface, (2) perfume diffusion into the zeolite cavities, (3) the "binding" of perfume active to a site in the zeolite cavity, (4) intermolecular interactions which lead to selective entrapment of materials in a specific order, (5) the distortion of aluminosilicate lattice of the zeolite cavity; and (6) the binding of perfume molecules to various sites, near the surface as well as within the diffusion pores.
  • Adso ⁇ tion of perfume molecules into zeolite is governed by two stages, specifically, (1) the energetics during initial entrapment, and (2) entropy management at higher levels of perfume inside the cavity. That is, at low loadings, the perfume molecule that "fits" better into the pore space is able to offer the best energy state, favoring its adso ⁇ tion. At higher levels of perfume loading, there is increased demand to pack as many molecules as possible in the zeolite cavity and smaller molecules begin to dominate the pore space. This model has been verified by the behavior of several systems, including Xenon/Argon, Xenon/Methane, and Carbon Dioxide/Dichlorofluoromethane.
  • perfume adso ⁇ tion into the zeolite cavity results in a large exothermic release of energy.
  • the temperature rise of the bulk powder is about 20° to about 40°C.
  • the increase in particle temperature influences the selectivity of perfume molecules adsorbed (energy released meets the activation energy requirements for adso ⁇ tion of specific molecules).
  • the perfume carrier In order to accomplish the objective of higher quantity of perfume active entrapped inside the zeolite cavity, and higher retention of adsorbed perfume active through a laundering step, it is desired to allow the perfume carrier to reach its maximum temperature prior to cooling of the zeolite particle. Once the maximum temperature is reached, loading governed by energetics is nearly complete. To facilitate the inclusion of the smaller molecules in the zeolite cavity, and to minimize evaporative loss of perfume components, the zeolite particle should be cooled.
  • the result is a small temperature rise, typically about 10°C to about 20°C upon targeting an approximate 15% by weight loading of perfume active in zeolite 13X.
  • a continuous mixer may be used wherein the perfume active and zeolite are contacted in a small volume zone with a very low residence time on the order of 1 to about 10 seconds in that contact zone.
  • the modes of heat transfer again are conduction and convection.
  • both modes of heat transfer are inefficient, since all of the powder in the small volume zone will reach a target temperature at generally the same time, such that there is no longer a large temperature gradient to promote conductive heat transfer.
  • the result is a much higher temperature rise for the powder, typically on the order of about 30°C to about 60°C. This large increase in temperature promotes entrapment of perfume actives that have an activation energy barrier.
  • the final temperature of the powder appears to be more critical than the medium used for cooling.
  • Media evaluated for cooling are liquid nitrogen, powders that are inert to fragrance adso ⁇ tion such as sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, citric acid etc., shell- and-tube, and plate heat exchangers.
  • the optimum final temperature of the powder will depend on the specific perfume active used and the effectiveness of liquid solid contacting in the mixer.
  • a preferred process for entrapping the perfume active in the perfume carrier employs a continuous mixer that maximizes contact area between the perfume active and the perfume carrier.
  • the mean droplet diameter ofthe atomized perfume active is close to or smaller than the mean particle size of the perfume carrier.
  • the size of the perfume carrier is less than about 100 microns, preferably less than about 40, more preferably less than about 30 microns, and even more preferably less than about 5 microns.
  • the heat removal from the perfume carrier commences once the particle has reached a maximum temperature.
  • Perfume entrapment in zeolite powder results in a significant increase in dry fabric odor intensity, both initially and after several weeks of fabric storage.
  • the increase in enduring fabric odor intensity is particularly significant relative to perfume actives that are dispensed directly to laundry solutions without zeolite.
  • Example 3 serves to demonstrate that the zeolite and perfume technology disclosed herein delivers significant improvements in dry fabric odor intensity, both initially and after at least about 2 weeks of fabric ageing.
  • Examples 4-6 exemplify various means for achieving higher entrapment and retention of perfume with zeolite.
  • Odor evaluation revealed that the perfume with zeolite provided a more intense dry fabric odor at each evaluation point vs the odor intensity provided by the perfume without zeolite, and that the perfume with zeolite also maintained a relatively constant or enduring odor intensity over the test period.
  • An amount of about 150g of perfume is added at about 5 g/sec through a pressure nozzle (about 80 psi, droplet size of about 90 micrometers) to about 850g of Zeolite X under high agitation in a single batch Loedige plow mixer (nominally 200 RPM plow, 2000 RPM chopper, and 300 second cycle time).
  • a cooling jacket at 20°C is used to remove the heat generated during fragrance entrapment (approx. 280 kJ/kg perfume).
  • About lOOOg of highly flowable powder is collected and analyzed by Gas Chromatography to yield about 15wt% total fragrance in zeolite.
  • An after simulated wash treatment of zeolite (anionic surfactant wash) and analysis by Gas Chromatography gives a result of about 12wt%> fragrance remaining inside the zeolite cage.
  • EXAMPLE 6 Combining Perfume with Zeolite Particles - Schugi Mixer Perfume is added continuously at a rate of about 1.08 g/sec tlirough a two-fluid nozzle (about 30 psi, mean droplet size of about 5 micrometers) simultaneously with about 6.12 g/sec of Zeolite 13X added via a screw feeder.
  • the liquid fragrance and zeolite powder are contacted in a mixing zone consisting of a shaft with 3 blade components (each component fabricated with 6 blades for intense mixing), and a shaft rotation speed of about 2700-3500 RPM.
  • the residence time of the powder in the "agglomeration" zone is less than about 3 seconds.
  • Substantial heating of the powder is detected within the 3 second residence time, from about 25° to about 80°C.
  • the product is cooled using liquid nitrogen injection to achieve evaporative cooling. Sufficient liquid nitrogen is injected to obtain a product temperature of about 8°C.
  • Gas Chromatography analysis results in about 15.5wt% total fragrance oil, and about 14.2wt% fragrance oil inside the zeolite cavity (after simulated anionic wash).
  • binder material for tablet making is preferred to ensure the ability to form a tablet and the stability of the tablet.
  • Any binder material known in the art can be used.
  • materials that have a softening temperature above about 35°C, but preferably below about 200°C and more preferably below about 100°C are highly suitable.
  • the softening point is defined as the glass transition temperature, if one exists, or the melting temperature.
  • suitable binders for use herein are those known to those skilled in the art and include anionic surfactants like C6-C20 alkyl or alkylaryl sulphonates or sulphates, preferably C8-C20 aklylbenzene sulphonates, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose and homo- or co- polymeric polycarboxylic acid or their salts, nonionic surfactants, preferably C10-C20 alcohol ethoxylates containing from 5-100 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol and more preferably the C15-C20 primary alcohol ethoxylates containing from 20-100 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • anionic surfactants like C6-C20 alkyl or alkylaryl sulphonates or sulphates, preferably C8-C20 aklylbenzene sulphonates, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose and homo-
  • binders include the polymeric materials like polyvinylpyrrolidones with an average molecular weight of from 12,000 to 700,000 and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight of from 600 to 10,000. Copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene, methylvinyl ether, methacrylic acid or acrylic acid are other examples of polymeric binders. Others binders further include C10-C20 mono and diglycerol ethers as well as C10-C20 fatty acids.
  • Binders that are especially useful in perfume articles containing a moisture- triggered perfume release are those materials that have a water content of less than about 10% by weight, preferably less than about 7% by weight, and more preferably less than about 5% by weight of the article.
  • binders are polyethylene glycols with a softening temperature in the range of 35°C to 65°C.
  • water- soluble polymers such as polyethyleneamines, polyethoxylated amines or imines, which have a softening temperature in the range of 35° to 65°C.
  • a preferred polyethylene ethoxylated amine structure is shown below;
  • the following binder screening test has been developed for use in identifying other binder materials that are suitable for use in a perfume delivery composition/article composed of a hydrating material and/or moisture-triggered perfume carrier.
  • the binder screening test comprises of several steps: (1) adding about lOg of perfume to about 90g of binder material in a fluid state; (2) thoroughly mix the perfume and binder; (3) allow the mixture sit overnight at ambient temperature; (4) determine the mass of free perfume in the mixture; and (5) calculate the bound perfume/binder content.
  • the mass of free perfume may be determined by collecting liquid perfume from the surface of solid binder, using wet chemistry to separate the two distinct phases, or conducting a more complicated solvent extraction procedure.
  • a given binder material is appropriate for use in the compositions and articles of the present invention if the bound perfume content is less than about 5% by weight, and is preferably less than about 3% by weight of'the binder material plus perfume mixture. Binder materials that are subjected to the described screening test and retain less than about 5%> by weight perfume in the binder plus perfume mixture will not adversely affect the long-term temperature stability of the perfume article. For a perfume article composed of a hydrating material and a moisture sensitive perfume carrier, the ideal binder material will also have increased ionic character, decreased ethoxylation as ethoxylation tends to dissolve perfume molecules with similar moieties, and high water solubility such that it will be sparingly soluble in perfume materials.
  • preferred binder materials will have rheological properties such that the material will become more fluid during the compression of tablet making.
  • the temperature of the composition will increase causing the binder to exceed its softening temperature.
  • preferred binders will be more fluid and will have increased interaction with the other composition components.
  • this change in rheology helps to agglomerate fine particulates with coarser materials to bind them into a tablet form.
  • the characteristics of the composition particles are critical during compression. Since the percentage of binder by weight is a strong function of the particle size of the composition, the composition components should be screened to an appropriate particle size distribution before tablet making.
  • the optimum particle size for tablet making will depend on (a) the nature of the binder, where the binder's rheological properties are a function of temperature and the interaction of the binder with the other composition components, and (b) the percentage by weight of the binder per particle size fraction.
  • the softening temperature of the binder is important to achieve good tablet strength and acceptable dissolution time while the chemical nature of the binder is important to minimize deactivation of the hydrating material and the perfume carrier during making and in-trade handling.
  • Binder selection is especially important in the case of compositions and articles that contain a perfume loaded zeolite.
  • hydrophilic binders tend to draw water into compositions/articles containing them and this moisture may adversely affect perfume retention inside the zeolite.
  • binder materials that have a low softening temperature may tend to extract perfume materials from within the zeolite cage, or alternatively, displace perfume materials from the cage structure.
  • binder materials with a high softening temperature may lead to poor or prolonged dissolution times.
  • Polyethylene Glycol 1500 is a nonionic binder that melts between 45-55°C.
  • About 30g of perfume loaded with zeolite is mixed with about 57g of citric acid/sodium carbonate granules that are prepared by compacting about 31.4g coarse citric acid and about 25.7g fine sodium carbonate at about 100 kN compaction force.
  • About 13g of Polyethylene Glycol 1500 at about 60°C is added to the mixture, under high agitation in a conventional kitchen mixer.
  • the agglomerated powder is tableted using an Instron (at nominal 60 mm min compression rate, 10 kN compaction force, and 18 mm diameter spherical tablet). The tablets are placed in sealed glass jars.
  • Control tablets are stored at about 10°C and are used as a reference for tablets that are stored at about 50°C.
  • the tablets are the tested over two weeks to characterize the effect of the PEG. Tablets are used in the laundering of fabrics by adding the tablets to the wash cycle.
  • odor evaluation of fabrics treated with the tablets it is determined that tablets that have been stored for about seven days at about 50°C give a significantly poorer dry fabric odor intensity performance relative to the control and tablets stored for about fourteen days at about 50°C give even poorer dry fabric odor intensity performance.
  • the exposure ofthe tablets to high temperatures results in an increased mobility of PEG, which extracts perfume components from the zeolite leading to the loss in dry fabric odor intensity performance.
  • PEG as a binder is acceptable if high temperature storage is not anticipated.
  • EXAMPLE 8 Effect of Binder Selection
  • Tablets each spherical and composed of about 1.4 lg citric acid and about 1.15g sodium carbonate compacted particles, about 0.20g perfume in about 1.15g Zeolite 13X, and about 0.59g of a binder selected from (a) PEG 1500, (b) glycerol/sorbitol having a weight ratio of glycerol to sorbitol of about 70:30 and (c) a polyethylene ethoxylated amine having the structure:
  • the tablets are prepared as described in Example 2 and stored in sealed glass jars at about 5°C (about 1 wk), at about 38°C (about 2 wks) and at about 50°C (about 1 wk). After storage for the period indicated, the tablets are added to the rinse cycle of the laundry process, and the treated fabrics are dried and evaluated for their initial dry fabric odor intensity. Specifically, it is found that the use of PEG 1500 reduces the initial dry fabric odor performance when the tablets are exposed to periods of high temperature. However, the glycerol/sorbitol and polyethylene ethoxylated amine binders give only very slightly diminished dry fabric odor intensity performance due to high temperature stress. Therefore, these materials that pass the binder screening test criteria maintain the dry fabric odor intensity performance of the tablet even after stressed with high temperature testing.
  • the articles of the present invention can also comprise one or more disintegrants to provide improved or controlled dissolution.
  • Suitable additional disintegrants include: a) non-cross linked polymeric disintegrants; b) water-soluble hydrated salts having a solubility in distilled water of at least about 25g/100g at 25°C; and c) mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred non-crosslinked polymeric disintegrants have a particle size distribution such that at least 90 % by weight of the disintegrant has a particle size below about 0.3mm and at least 30 % by weight thereof has a particle size below about 0.2mm.
  • the non-crosslinked polymeric disintegrant is selected from starch, cellulose and derivatives thereof, alginates, sugars, polyvinylpyrrolidones, swellable clays and mixtures thereof.
  • the water-soluble hydrated salt is preferably soluble to the extent of at least about 40g/100g, more preferably at least about 60g/100g of distilled water at about 25°C.
  • the water-soluble hydrated salt preferably has a melting point in the range from about 30°C to about 95°C, more preferably from about 30°C to about 75°C.
  • Preferred water-soluble hydrated salts are selected from hydrates of sodium acetate, sodium metaborate, sodium orthophosphate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium potassium tartrate, potassium aluminium sulphate, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate and mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly suitable materials include sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium metaborate tetrahydrate or octahydrate, sodium orthophosphate dodecahydrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, the di-, hepta- or dodeca-hydrate of disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, potassium aluminium sulphate dodecahydrate, calcium bromide hexahydrate, tripotassium citrate monohydrate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and sodium citrate dihydrate.
  • the water-soluble hydrated salt is selected from water-soluble mono-, di- tri- and tetrahydrate salts and mixtures thereof.
  • Highly preferred herein is sodium acetate trihydrate, tripotassium citrate monohydrate, mixed alkali-metal citrates containing at least one potassium ion and mixtures thereof. Highly preferred are sodium acetate trihydrate and tripotassium citrate monohydrate.
  • compositions and articles of the present invention may further comprise one or more optional materials, including but not limited to, water soluble builders, surfactants, enzymes, organic polymer compounds having dispersant, anti-redeposition and/or soil releasing properties, metal ion sequestrants, crystal growth inhibitors, colorants, silicates, corrosion inhibitors, suds suppressing materials and other adjunct materials that can function as solubility-triggers (e.g. responsive to pH, ion concentration or temperature), moisture sinks (for example hydratable but anhydrous or partially hydrated salts), and mixtures thereof.
  • water soluble builders surfactants, enzymes, organic polymer compounds having dispersant, anti-redeposition and/or soil releasing properties, metal ion sequestrants, crystal growth inhibitors, colorants, silicates, corrosion inhibitors, suds suppressing materials and other adjunct materials that can function as solubility-triggers (e.g. responsive to pH, ion concentration or temperature), moisture sinks (for example hydratable but anhydrous or partially
  • the perfume delivery compositions of the present invention may also include one or more fabric care actives selected from the group consisting of bodying agents, drape and form control agents, smoothness agents, static control agents, wrinkle control agents, sanitization agents, drying agents, stain resistance agents, soil release agents, malodor control agents, dye fixatives, dye transfer inhibitors, color maintenance agents, anti-fading agents, whiteness enhancers, anti-abrasion agents, fabric integrity agents, anti-wear agents, defoamers and anti-foaming agents, rinse aids, UV protection agents, sun fade inhibitors, insect repellents, enzymes, and mixtures thereof.
  • fabric care actives selected from the group consisting of bodying agents, drape and form control agents, smoothness agents, static control agents, wrinkle control agents, sanitization agents, drying agents, stain resistance agents, soil release agents, malodor control agents, dye fixatives, dye transfer inhibitors, color maintenance agents, anti-fading agents, whiteness enhancers, anti-abrasion agents, fabric integrity agents, anti-wear agents, de
  • compositions described hereinabove include a variety of application forms for the compositions described hereinabove, in combination with means for maintaining the stability of the compositions.
  • the compositions are preferably particulate compositions that may be added directly to a laundry solution, compositions formed into articles having a variety of shapes and sizes for dispensing in aqueous solutions, compositions adhered to substrates for use in dryer applications and in drawers and closets where fabrics are stored, and compositions placed in a gas permeable containers for use as room deodorizers and refreshers amongst other common perfume applications.
  • Stability in the context ofthe present compositions refers not only to the retention of the perfume in the zeolite pores but also to the stability of the other composition components and their ability to provide for the rapid dissolution of a composition or article in an aqueous solution.
  • the stability is provided to the present compositions and articles by a variety of features of the compositions/articles themselves as well as the packaging materials in which they are stored.
  • the articles of the present invention will preferably comprise a perfume delivery composition as described hereinabove.
  • the articles of the present invention may more simply comprise a perfume composition entrapped in zeolite or a perfume composition combined with a hydrating material.
  • the composition components must be protected from atmospheric moisture or humidity during their processing, preparation, transport and storage. Packaging materials and characteristics required of such materials to sufficiently protect the perfume delivery compositions from atmospheric moisture are described hereinafter.
  • perfume delivery compositions and articles formed from those compositions that contribute to the ability of the perfume article to retain perfume and rapidly dissolve when dispensed in an aqueous solution.
  • these features include (1) using fine powder materials that are compressed to restrict the diffusion of water into, and perfume out of, the perfume article; (2) increasing the size of articles made from these perfume delivery compositions to provide a lower total surface area for water adso ⁇ tion relative to total surface area ofthe particulates in the compositions; (3) using a hot melt binder that will bind with water before it reaches the perfume carrier, and/or a binder that will not extract perfume actives from the perfume carrier; and (4) using the appropriate size article, particularly when dispensing it into the rinse cycle of a washing machine using an automated dispenser. Also important is the ability to manufacture, package, and sell a unit dose perfume delivery article as a single use item or in a multi-pack without compromising prod ⁇ ct form or stability.
  • the size of the perfume delivery article may be limited by the method used to dispense the article in the laundry solution. Where the article is dispensed directly into the solution the article can be any size that will be received in the machine tub.
  • the article When a washing machine dispensing device is used, it is preferred that the article have a diameter or width between about 1mm and about 9mm and more preferably between about 5mm and about 8mm.
  • a self-contained dispensing device such as a Downy Ball® or similar automatic dispensing device is used, it is preferred that the diameter or width be between about 1mm and about 30mm, more preferably between about 5mm and about 26mm, and even more preferably between about 8mm and 18mm so that the article easily passes through the opening of the dispensing device.
  • the perfume delivery article may be added to the fabric softener drawer, however, in such a procedure it is preferred that the article have a diameter of less than about 18mm. A higher deposition ofthe perfume particles is observed and the initial dry fabric odor intensity is higher when the perfume compositions/articles are added to the rinse cycle versus the wash cycle.
  • perfume loaded zeolite is mixed with about 57g of a citric acid/sodium carbonate coparticle (made by compacting about 31.4g coarse citric acid and about 25.7g fine sodium carbonate at about 100 kN compaction force).
  • a citric acid/sodium carbonate coparticle made by compacting about 31.4g coarse citric acid and about 25.7g fine sodium carbonate at about 100 kN compaction force.
  • Polyethylene Glycol 1500 is added to the mixture, under high agitation in a conventional kitchen mixer.
  • the agglomerated powder is tableted using an Instron (at nominal 60 mm/min compression rate, 10 kN compaction force, and 18 mm diameter spherical tablet). Two tablets are placed in a washing machine during the wash cycle.
  • Odor evaluation of the dry fabrics is conducted initially after drying and then again after two weeks. In both cases, the odor of the fabrics treated with the perfume delivery articles is far more intense than the odor observed on fabrics treated with the free perfume. There appears to be a drastic difference between the amount of perfume that is delivered via a perfume delivery article and the amount when free perfume is added to the laundry solution. In addition, it is observed that wet fabrics give the odor of the free perfume, while the dry fabrics give a more intense odor character of the perfume composition entrapped in the zeolite. Analytical evaluation of total perfume delivered onto dry fabrics, in the headspace and physically in the fabric matrix, is tabulated below. The table below indicates a high dry fabric odor intensity initially (in the headspace and on the fabric), and odor longevity (in the headspace and on aged fabrics).
  • perfume compositions described herein may also be encapsulated in starch, starch derivatives and other hydrating materials for packaging as articles of the present invention.
  • Perfume is added to an approximate 25% modified starch solution with the balance being water. See Table E below.
  • the oil is added to the starch at a rate of about 1 g/sec with high agitation.
  • the agitation is provided by an efficient homogenizer to form an emulsion having an oil droplet size of less than about 2 micrometers.
  • the emulsion is then spray dried in a co-current tower having an air inlet temperature of about 200°C and an outlet temperature of about 100°C to yield a dry particle with a mean particle size of about 58 micrometers.
  • the perfume composition can be inco ⁇ orated in a variety of article forms such as effervescent articles, non-effervescent articles, foam containing articles, and various other macro-encapsulates.
  • EXAMPLE 11 Effervescent articles of the present invention having the composition shown in Table F are prepared by mixing and then compacted the materials in a spherical mold.
  • EXAMPLE 12 Effervescent articles containing cornstarch and witchazel can also be prepared.
  • the articles are prepared by placing the sodium bicarbonate in a common kitchen mixer.
  • the citric acid is added and the mixture is stirred for approximately 5 minutes.
  • the cornstarch is added and the mixture is stirred for about an additional 5 minutes.
  • the mixer is left on while the perfume is titrated into the mixture. Once the addition of perfume is complete, the mixture is stirred for an about additional 10 minutes.
  • Witchhazel is then added to the mixture with stirring until the composition begins to stick together. Doses ofthe mixture are then placed in a mold and compacted to form spherical articles. The addition of the witchhazel should be monitored closely as addition of an excessive amount of witchhazel is observed to cause the product to effervesence.
  • the components and their order of addition are presented in Table G.
  • the perfume delivery compositions for use in the articles of the present invention will comprise perfume entrapped in zeolite and/or combined with a hydrating material such as effervescing materials.
  • a hydrating material such as effervescing materials.
  • the stability of the article and its ability to effective release the perfume components requires that such materials be protected from atmospheric moisture with a package having specific moisture barrier characteristics. If exposed to humidity, effervescing components can act as desiccants gradually absorbing moisture that will interfere with the components' ability to effervesce when dispensed in an aqueous solution. Hydration of these powder components is detrimental to the perfume article because deactivation prolongs the dissolution time and may leave residues in the washing machine and/or on fabrics.
  • the perfume carrier material will not be completely released to deposit on the fabric surface such that the benefit delivered will only be a fraction ofthe target benefit.
  • the perfume will be desorbed upon adso ⁇ tion of water, especially water vapor. Water vapor can effectively displace about 95-98% of the perfume entrapped inside the zeolite cavity.
  • perfume that has been combined with Zeolite 13X is placed in an open petri dish at about 80°F with about 70%) relative humidity. The approximate amount of perfume initially loaded into the zeolite cavities and the approximate amount of perfume lost due to water abso ⁇ tion are tabulated in Table C below.
  • the choice of packaging material for a given hydrating material and/or perfume carrier can be determined by following several steps. First determine the critical amount of water that can be adsorbed or absorbed by the perfume article without losing performance, where the loss of performance can be quantified by the level of perfume components in the headspace above or on the dried fabrics, by the incomplete dissolution of the composition/article, etc. Water abso ⁇ tion may be determined by exposing the composition/article to constant humidity and determining the mass gained over time.
  • MNTR maximum moisture vapor transmission rate
  • MNTR (Critical Mass of Water)/(Surface Area of Package)/(in-trade stability required)
  • the article is packaged so that moisture penetration must occur through a continuous layer, and the moisture vapor transmission rate ofthe layer is less than about 1.2 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , preferably less than about 0.5 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , more preferably less than about 0.1 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , even more preferably less than about 0.02 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , and still more preferably 0 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , to ensure article stability.
  • the packaging selected to ensure minimal perfume oil loss from the zeolite must meet several requirements. Films that are permeable to water vapor will not be sufficient to ensure stability. Determination of effective packaging materials must be done on a case-by-case basis since perfume materials will have various odor detection thresholds, and performance benefits that may be detected even after about 20-40% of the oil is lost from the zeolite.
  • preferred packaging materials will include bimetallized foil materials, glass, and other materials that are capable, of providing the described moisture transfer barrier. Preferred foil materials will have about 7 microns of bimetallized film and a MNTR of less than about 0.0155 gH 2 O/m 2 /day.
  • EXAMPLE 13 Package Choice For Spherical Tablets About 30g of perfume loaded zeolite is mixed with about 57g of a citric acid/sodium carbonate coparticle that has been made by compacting about 31.4g coarse citric acid and about 25.7g fine sodium carbonate at about 100 k ⁇ compaction force. Approximately 13g of Polyethylene Glycol 1500 is added to the mixture, under high agitation in a conventional kitchen mixer. The agglomerated powder is tableted using an Instron at about 60 mm/min compression rate, and about 10 k ⁇ compaction force, to produce a nominal 18 mm diameter spherical tablet. These tablets are exposed to high humidity conditions and weight gain/loss is monitored during the exposure.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the conversion of raw materials into finished product.
  • the formulation of a rapidly dissolving article often requires the use of moisture sensitive materials.
  • the hydrating material is an effervescing material in powder form and the perfume carrier is a water vapor triggered carrier such that both materials deactivate quickly in the presence of high ambient moisture. Controlled humidity conditions may often be required to prevent premature deactivation.
  • the performance of processes A, C, E, G, and H require a controlled environment to assure high product quality (rapid solubility, sensory performance, minimum loss of perfume oil).
  • a controlled process environment would consist of temperature and humidity control.
  • the temperature is maintained below about 80°C, more preferably below about 50°C, and even more preferably less than about 30°C during these processes.
  • a more critical parameter is the relative humidity in the controlled environment. To ensure minimum deactivation of materials, it is desirable to ensure that the relative humidity is less than about 50%>, preferably less than about 40%), and more preferably less than about 30%.
  • Transport steps B and C require package criteria to minimize deactivation during transport.
  • the package criteria can be determined by following the steps outlined above.
  • the package for transporting raw or converted materials can be a big bag (typically 1 cubic meter in volume) available in the industry, with a liner.
  • the liner meets a specific MNTR criteria, similar to the MNTR required for article stability.
  • the liner is glued to the outer bag in such a way that moisture penetration must occur through a continuous layer, and the water vapor transmission rate of the layer is less than about 1.2 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , preferably less than about 0.5 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , and more preferably less than about 0.1 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , even more preferably less than-about 0.02 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , and still more preferably 0 g H 2 O/day/m 2 ' to ensure article stability.
  • the articles of the present invention comprise a temperature and humidity stable unit dose perfume delivery article that comprises a perfume composition, a material selected from a zeolite, a hydrating material and mixtures thereof, and a humidity resistant package, wherein at least about 30%, preferably at least about 40% and more preferably at least about 50% by volume of the components are in the form of fine powders or particulates having a mean particle size of less than about 100 microns, and preferably less than about 40 microns.
  • these articles have sufficient hardness to survive handling, packaging and transportation, but they will rapidly dissolve in water less than about 10°C during a short cycle washing and/or rinsing process without leaving residue.
  • the articles are preferably tablets that can be dispensed directly into a laundry solution, dispensed to the solution using a washing machine dispenser, or dispensed using a self-contained dispenser such as the Downy Ball®. Once dissolved in solution, the fine particulates deposit perfume components onto the fabric. After the completion of the laundering process, the components provide a slow release of the perfume components from the dry fabrics when exposed to atmospheric moisture.
  • the articles of the present invention must be sufficiently strong and robust to withstand all aspects of manufacture, handling, packaging, and transport without breakage. The hardness of various tablets is noted in the several of the examples provided herein.
  • the hardness of an article can be determined using any number of devices and techniques known to those skilled in the art, but were determined herein using a Tablet Hardness Tester, Model TBH 30, commercially available from Copley Scientific (catalog number 082-1510).
  • the articles ofthe present invention will have a hardness value of from about 70 Newtons to about 160 Newtons.
  • the articles ofthe present invention will have a dissolution rate that is between 0.5 min and about 15 min in water that is less than about 30°C, preferably between about 0.5 min and about 15 min in water that is less than about 10°C, and more preferably between about 0.5 min and about 3 min. in water that is at about 10°C.
  • the articles of the present invention preferably a tablet, preferably weigh less than about 60g, preferably less than about 30g, more preferably less than about lOg, and even more preferably less than about 5g.
  • the tablets can have any size, but when the tablets are to be dispensed in a washing machine or self-contained dispenser, the tablet should be sized accordingly. Specifically, in such a case the tablets will have a diameter that is between about 1 mm and about 30 mm and preferably between about 5 mm and about 26 mm.
  • the long-term stability of such articles is insured by packaging the articles with materials that provide a moisture barrier, expressed as a moisture vapor transmission rate (MNTR), of less than about 1.2 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , preferably less than about 0.1 g H 2 O/day/m 2 , and more preferably less than about 0.02 g H 2 O/day/m 2 .
  • MNTR moisture vapor transmission rate
  • Packaging that may be used to achieve such transmissions rate is described in detail above.
  • D. Use and Other Method claims The perfume delivery compositions and articles made therefrom may be added to a laundry solution for a simple and effective deposition of the perfume particles on fabric laundered in those solutions. The use of such compositions and articles provides a more intense dry fabric odor on fabrics laundered in solutions containing them.
  • the perfume particles described herein are dispersed in the laundry solution and can then deposit and become entrained in the fibers of the fabrics. After drying and when exposed to atmospheric moisture, moisture vapor displaces the perfume compositions that had been entrapped in the carrier particles. Because the release of the perfume composition is activated more by atmospheric moisture than water, the perfume is mostly retained in the carrier through the laundering process. Further, the mechanism provides for the controlled release of the perfume composition over time, such that the perfume release provides an enduring fragrance that is sufficiently intense for at least 1 week, preferably at least 2 weeks and more preferably at least 3 weeks.
  • the perfume delivery compositions and articles will preferably comprise an optional amount of a free perfume.
  • free perfumes that are particularly substantive to fabrics when dispensed in a laundry solution
  • the primary function of a free perfume herein is to provide an immediately observable "bloom" of a fragrance which may be desirable to meet consumer expectations and desires.
  • the method of selecting a zeolite perfume carrier is described above both in terms of selecting a type of zeolite that will readily receive and entrap perfume compositions, but also in terms of selecting from amongst a number of zeolites of the same type, namely, one or more preferred type X zeolites. As described in more detail above, it has been found that there are differences zeolites of a given type and that the selection of one or more of those zeolites may be based upon the water content and BET surface area of such zeolites.
  • preferred zeolites will have a total moisture content that is less than about 7wt%>, and a BET surface area that is at least about 475 m 2 /g, preferably greater than about 525 m 2 /g, and more preferably greater than about 580 m 2 /g.
  • Method of loading perfume Generally, but as described above in more detail, the entrapment of the perfume composition in a porous carrier, preferably zeolite, is an exothermic process. By controlling the heat transfer during the perfume entrapment operation it is possible to manipulate (1) the quantity of perfume adsorbed, (2) the selectivity of perfume molecules adsorbed into the cavity, and (3) the retention ofthe adsorbed perfume molecules through a laundering process.
  • the carrier is first contacted with the perfume composition. As the perfume composition becomes entrapped in the pores of the carrier, heat is generated. The objective is to allow the mixture of carrier and perfume composition to heat to a predetermined temperature before controlling the heat transfer through the cooling of the mixture.
  • Perfume with zeolite or perfume articles are evaluated for fabric odor performance by adding them to a wash and/or rinse cycle during a normal laundering process.
  • Cotton test terries are placed in a washing machine along with other typical clothing to make up about a nominal 7 lb. load.
  • Tide® Free unscented powder detergent is added at the recommended level for a normal size load containing about 17 gallons of water.
  • the test product is added and warm water is used during a normal wash cycle using a typical vertical axis US washing machine.
  • the wash cycle is followed by a cold rinse cycle.
  • test product is added at the start ofthe rinse cycle.
  • test terries are machine dried on a cotton high temperature setting until they are dry.
  • the test terries are evaluated by an expert perfumer for dry fabric odor intensity.
  • Test terries are evaluated initially after being removed from the dryer for about 1-2 hours and may be re-evaluated periodically for several weeks.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions et des articles permettant de distribuer rapidement une quantité unitisée d'un ou de plusieurs agents de traitement de tissu dans une solution aqueuse de lavage et/ou de rinçage au cours d'un processus de blanchissage sous des conditions différentes de sorte que l'additif de traitement de tissu soient effectivement déposé sur les tissus. De manière spécifique, les compositions et articles qui en sont dérivés comprennent un matériau hydratable, de préférence des matériaux effervescents, des particules de parfum et des matériaux facultatifs. Les particules de parfum consistent en du parfum associé à un support inorganique, de préférence des particules de zéolithe présentant une surface minimale. Le dépôt des particules de parfum sur les tissus en cours de lavage et/ou de rinçage permet une libération contrôlée des constituants du parfum à partir des tissus traités pendant deux semaines ou plus. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant d'améliorer la rémanence du parfum sur le support lors de la distribution dans une solution aqueuse.
PCT/US2002/013812 2001-05-04 2002-05-01 Compositions et articles pour le depot efficace de parfum WO2002090481A1 (fr)

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EP1388585A1 (fr) * 2002-08-07 2004-02-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition détergente
EP1533364A2 (fr) * 2003-11-20 2005-05-25 INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC. Matieres encapsulees
EP1574561A1 (fr) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Comprimé détergent parfumé
DE102004039722A1 (de) * 2004-08-17 2006-03-02 Henkel Kgaa Parfum aufweisende sodahaltige Partikel zur Anwendung in Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln
ES2307411A1 (es) * 2006-06-16 2008-11-16 Patricia Lomas Jimenez Producto de lavado con actividad repelente para mosquitos.
WO2014131532A1 (fr) 2013-02-27 2014-09-04 Symrise Ag Mélanges de substances renfermant de la vanilline et du vanillylvanillat
US20160326457A1 (en) * 2013-12-26 2016-11-10 Kao Corporation Ester
CN106496168A (zh) * 2016-10-09 2017-03-15 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 烟用单体香料糠酸香叶醇酯的制备方法及其应用
WO2020010488A1 (fr) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition conditionnée
EP3967741A1 (fr) * 2020-09-14 2022-03-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Particules comprenant du polyalkylène glycol, système effervescent et parfum

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EP0816484A2 (fr) * 1996-06-24 1998-01-07 Givaudan-Roure (International) S.A. Système de délivrance de parfums
US5858959A (en) * 1997-02-28 1999-01-12 Procter & Gamble Company Delivery systems comprising zeolites and a starch hydrolysate glass
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WO1997034981A1 (fr) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Systeme de liberation a zeolite charge d'un inhibiteur de liberation et son procede de fabrication
EP0816484A2 (fr) * 1996-06-24 1998-01-07 Givaudan-Roure (International) S.A. Système de délivrance de parfums
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1388585A1 (fr) * 2002-08-07 2004-02-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition détergente
WO2004015050A1 (fr) * 2002-08-07 2004-02-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition detergent
EP1533364A2 (fr) * 2003-11-20 2005-05-25 INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC. Matieres encapsulees
EP1533364A3 (fr) * 2003-11-20 2005-06-08 INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC. Matieres encapsulees
EP1574561A1 (fr) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Comprimé détergent parfumé
WO2005087906A1 (fr) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Pastilles detergentes parfumees
DE102004039722A1 (de) * 2004-08-17 2006-03-02 Henkel Kgaa Parfum aufweisende sodahaltige Partikel zur Anwendung in Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln
ES2307411A1 (es) * 2006-06-16 2008-11-16 Patricia Lomas Jimenez Producto de lavado con actividad repelente para mosquitos.
WO2014131532A1 (fr) 2013-02-27 2014-09-04 Symrise Ag Mélanges de substances renfermant de la vanilline et du vanillylvanillat
US20160326457A1 (en) * 2013-12-26 2016-11-10 Kao Corporation Ester
CN106496168A (zh) * 2016-10-09 2017-03-15 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 烟用单体香料糠酸香叶醇酯的制备方法及其应用
WO2020010488A1 (fr) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition conditionnée
CN112601805A (zh) * 2018-07-09 2021-04-02 宝洁公司 包装的组合物
US11021679B2 (en) 2018-07-09 2021-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Packaged composition
CN112601805B (zh) * 2018-07-09 2022-04-01 宝洁公司 包装的组合物
EP3967741A1 (fr) * 2020-09-14 2022-03-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Particules comprenant du polyalkylène glycol, système effervescent et parfum

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