WO2002082563A2 - Pile a combustible - Google Patents

Pile a combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002082563A2
WO2002082563A2 PCT/DE2002/000665 DE0200665W WO02082563A2 WO 2002082563 A2 WO2002082563 A2 WO 2002082563A2 DE 0200665 W DE0200665 W DE 0200665W WO 02082563 A2 WO02082563 A2 WO 02082563A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
membrane
cell according
layer
thin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/000665
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002082563A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Bruder
Uwe Heiber
Karl-Heinz Krause
Gerhard Merkmann
Original Assignee
Intech Thüringen Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intech Thüringen Gmbh filed Critical Intech Thüringen Gmbh
Priority to AU2002249085A priority Critical patent/AU2002249085A1/en
Priority to EP02717973A priority patent/EP1402586A2/fr
Publication of WO2002082563A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002082563A2/fr
Publication of WO2002082563A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002082563A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell, comprising at least the following components:
  • Fuel cells are electrochemical energy converters and can be compared to battery systems that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. They are characterized by the fact that their thermodynamic efficiency is higher than in systems that convert chemical energy indirectly into electrical energy by means of combustion.
  • the process is such that hydrogen is catalytically ionized on the anode side of the fuel cell, the electrons migrate to the cathode side as useful current and the hydrogen nuclei diffuse through the membrane to the cathode. There recombine hydrogen nuclei, electrons and oxygen atoms to water, also called process water.
  • Plastic membranes are currently frequently used in fuel cells.
  • the relevant materials are in particular polysulfones (DE-A-198 09 119), thermoplastic polyether ketones and polytetrafluoroethylene with sulfonic perfluorovinyl ether side chains (Nafion 117-DuPont).
  • the disadvantage is that the proton conductivity of these materials is strongly dependent on the operating temperature of the fuel cell.
  • a polycrystalline structure is formed from at least two single crystals.
  • the crystalline or polycrystalline thin-film membrane transports the protons (hydrogen nuclei) through the channels of a solid-state lattice (channeling), which works the better, the lower the vibration amplitude of the solid-state atoms around their lattice position and thus the lower the ambient temperature. Remoistening is completely eliminated with these thin-film membranes.
  • Metallic thin-film membranes are expedient due to their electrical conductivity by means of sieve-like or gas-permeable thin layers to electrically isolate at least on one side of the thin-film membrane. To increase the proton current through the membrane, it can be advantageous to prepare it differently with regard to its electrochemical potential.
  • the electrode on the cathode side should be more noble than the electrode on the anode side.
  • the protons are drawn coulombically from the anode through the thin-film membrane to the cathode.
  • the potential difference and thus the proton current through the thin film membrane can also be varied. If the thin-film membrane is electrically insulated on both sides, the potential difference between the anode and cathode is only determined by the two electrodes, otherwise the thin-film membrane contributes to the size of the potential.
  • the thin-film membrane is also characterized by the fact that it cannot significantly penetrate hydrogen molecules, oxygen molecules or oxygen ions. This means that the particle flow of the aforementioned types of particles through the membrane is negligibly small compared to the proton flow.
  • the thin-film membrane thicknesses are in the range from 5 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the fuel cell 1 comprises a proton-conducting membrane 2 as an electrolyte, in the form of a crystalline or polycrystalline thin-film membrane.
  • the membrane 2 is covered on both sides by catalyst layers 3.
  • Gas-permeable electrodes in the form of an anode 4 and cathode 5 rest on the outwardly facing surface of the catalyst layers 3.
  • the electrically conductive plates 6 delimit the fuel cell on the ground or cathode side, these plates with the gas-permeable electrodes having a structural design Form unity.
  • the membrane 2 here comprises a layer 7 made of a metallic material in conjunction with an electrically insulating layer 8 arranged on one side.
  • the layer 7 can be designed as a film.
  • the electrically insulating layer 8 is preferably perforated for the purpose of gas permeability.
  • the metallic material for the layer 7 consists of Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Ag, Au or Cu and / or its alloys and / or oxides.
  • a metallic material based on Ag is of particular importance.
  • the membrane 2 can also consist of at least one layer made of a non-metallic material based on silicon and / or its oxides and / or glass, the layer being designed in particular as a disk.
  • the figure also shows the electrochemical reaction sequence of a fuel cell with the following partial sequences:
  • Air is usually sufficient as an oxygen supplier.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pile à combustible (1), qui comprend au moins les composants suivants : une membrane (2) conductrice de protons servant d'électrolyte ; des couches de catalyseur (3) recouvrant les deux faces de la membrane (2) ; des électrodes perméables aux gaz, sous forme d'une anode (4) et d'une cathode (5), s'appuyant à la surface tournée vers l'extérieur des couches de catalyseur (3) ; des plaques électroconductrices (6) touchant les électrodes à intervalles très proches de manière électroconductrice et délimitant avec les électrodes des canaux conducteurs de gaz ; ainsi que des raccords de gaz pour l'amenée d'hydrogène (H2), d'une part, et d'oxygène (O2), d'autre part. La pile à combustible (1) selon l'invention est caractérisée en ce que la membrane (2) est une membrane à couches minces, cristalline ou polycristalline. La membrane à couches minces présente, de préférence, au moins une couche (7) constituée d'un matériau métallique et reliée à au moins une couche isolante électriquement (8).
PCT/DE2002/000665 2001-04-05 2002-02-22 Pile a combustible WO2002082563A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002249085A AU2002249085A1 (en) 2001-04-05 2002-02-22 Fuel cell comprising a thin-film membrane
EP02717973A EP1402586A2 (fr) 2001-04-05 2002-02-22 Pile a combustible

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10116912.4 2001-04-05
DE10116912 2001-04-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002082563A2 true WO2002082563A2 (fr) 2002-10-17
WO2002082563A3 WO2002082563A3 (fr) 2004-01-22

Family

ID=7680446

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2002/000665 WO2002082563A2 (fr) 2001-04-05 2002-02-22 Pile a combustible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1402586A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002249085A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10207695A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002082563A2 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992000934A2 (fr) * 1990-07-06 1992-01-23 Igr Enterprises, Inc. Composites ceramiques ductiles
EP0603620A1 (fr) * 1992-12-23 1994-06-29 Corning Incorporated Piles à combustible à électrolyte solide
WO1999062620A1 (fr) * 1998-06-03 1999-12-09 Creavis Gesellschaft Für Technologie Und Innovation Mbh Materiau composite conducteur d'ions permeable aux substances, procede permettant de le produire et son utilisation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992000934A2 (fr) * 1990-07-06 1992-01-23 Igr Enterprises, Inc. Composites ceramiques ductiles
EP0603620A1 (fr) * 1992-12-23 1994-06-29 Corning Incorporated Piles à combustible à électrolyte solide
WO1999062620A1 (fr) * 1998-06-03 1999-12-09 Creavis Gesellschaft Für Technologie Und Innovation Mbh Materiau composite conducteur d'ions permeable aux substances, procede permettant de le produire et son utilisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002249085A1 (en) 2002-10-21
EP1402586A2 (fr) 2004-03-31
WO2002082563A3 (fr) 2004-01-22
DE10207695A1 (de) 2003-05-22

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