WO2002082070A1 - Systeme de detection de defaut de pneumatique de type dentelure - Google Patents

Systeme de detection de defaut de pneumatique de type dentelure Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002082070A1
WO2002082070A1 PCT/US2002/010300 US0210300W WO02082070A1 WO 2002082070 A1 WO2002082070 A1 WO 2002082070A1 US 0210300 W US0210300 W US 0210300W WO 02082070 A1 WO02082070 A1 WO 02082070A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tire
sidewall
scanner
image sensor
testing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/010300
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lester Homan
Bradley Smith
Original Assignee
Pemstar, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pemstar, Inc. filed Critical Pemstar, Inc.
Publication of WO2002082070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002082070A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/02—Tyres
    • G01M17/027—Tyres using light, e.g. infrared, ultraviolet or holographic techniques

Definitions

  • a tire is generally manufactured with one or more layers of steel cables (sidewall wires) overlaying each other. Each layer is typically angled with respect to the other, and each extends radially across a tire from sidewall to opposing sidewall. The ends of the sidewall wires wrap around bead wires that extend circumferentially around the tire core of each sidewall. If a tire is operated at low pressure for an extended period of time, a phenomenon known as the Zipper Effect may occur. As shown in Fig. 3, prolonged use of underinflated tires create a large amount of stress on the sidewall wires and may cause them to weaken and eventually fracture. If a sidewall wire fractures, a "zipper" is created around the fracture area by the broken sidewall wires.
  • the "zipper” is generally weaker than the rest of the tire, and as such, it is generally more susceptible than the rest of the tire. If a tire having a “zipper” is inflated to full pressure, it can explode, possibly causing great damage to the vehicle and endangering service personnel.
  • the Zipper Effect is generally only recognizable by visual inspection of the tire if it is severe. In such an instance, the sidewall of the tire has a noticeable deformity. Less severe instances of Zipper Effect, require precise measurement of the sidewall under appropriate pressure in order to detect. Under such conditions, the Zipper Effect can be detected because the profile of the tire changes in the area of the defect.
  • the Zipper Effect is especially problematic in the tire retread industry where tires are continuously being inflated for testing, and where there is generally no tire history to indicate the presence of a "zipper.” As such, a system and a method is needed which can accurately detect the Zipper Effect in tires. There is also a further need, especially in a manufacturing setting such as a tire retread facility, for a system which can quickly detect the Zipper Effect in tires.
  • the subject invention presented is a method and system for accurately and quickly detecting the existence of the Zipper Effect in a tire.
  • the system includes a frame that generally supports the components comprising the subject invention, a roller mechanism to apply pressure, an inflation mechanism to inflate the tire and drive the rotation of a tire, a pair of scanners to scan the surface of a tire, and a processor to control the operation of the subject invention and to process data.
  • the frame supports a plurality of panels that generally enclose the system.
  • the roller mechanism depends from a panel attached to the top of the frame.
  • the inflation mechanism is comprised of a pair of arms, a sealing rim rotatively connected to each arm, and a motor to drive the rotation of a sealing rim.
  • the arms extend from a panel located along a bottom portion of the frame.
  • Each scanner is positioned within the frame to lie adjacent to and opposing the sidewall of a tire being tested.
  • each scanner includes a line laser and an image sensor such as a charge coupled device (CCD) array or a CMOS chip.
  • the line laser functions as a light source providing a linear beam of coherent light extending radially across the surface of the sidewall. This beam of light is reflected by the tire back to the scanner wherein the image sensor detects the presence of the reflected light. Variations in surface height will cause some of the light to scatter, displacing its image on the image sensor. The relative height of the surface can be determined by measuring the position of the laser line on the image sensor.
  • the processor includes a number of interfaces which enable it to communicate and control the scanners, the inflation mechanism, and the roller mechanism.
  • the processor also includes a number of software applications which are used to analyze the data received from the scanners, and to operate the subject system.
  • An input device such as a keyboard, enables a user to communicate with the processor and control the operation of the system.
  • a display device also communicates with the processor and enables the processor to display options and data to the user.
  • the subject invention contains two processors.
  • Processor 1 generally performs laser data collection and system hardware control, and processor 2 manages the processing and displaying of the sidewall data collected from the lasers onto the display device.
  • One method of testing for the Zipper Effect includes scanning the sidewall of a tire and generating a sidewall height profile from the scan data. The scan data collected is referenced to an index, enabling the system to present data at any point on the sidewall of the tire.
  • the zipper effect is manifested by a distinct profile that becomes evident in the Zipper Effect area of the tire and is not generally manifested elsewhere.
  • Fig. 1 is a front view of a tire showing a Zipper Effect area.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cable structure of the tire of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tire of Fig. 1 with pressure applied thereto.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tire of Fig. 1 with a line laser applied thereto.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tire zipper fault detection system.
  • Fig. 6 is a front cut-away view of the system of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is a side cut-away view of the system of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 8 is a system diagram of one embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 is a functional flow diagram of one embodiment.
  • Fig. 10a is a diagram of one embodiment of a measuring technique.
  • Fig. 10b is a graphic representation of an image produced by a level surface.
  • Fig. 10c is a graphic representation of an image produced by an unlevel surface.
  • Fig. 11 are graphic representations of a zipper effect.
  • the subject invention is a method and system for accurately detecting the existence of the Zipper Effect in a tire.
  • the Zipper Effect can be detected by scanning the tire sidewall and observing the tire sidewall height profile generated from the scan data.
  • the scan data collected is referenced to an index, enabling the system to present data at any point on the sidewall of the tire.
  • the zipper effect is manifested by a distinct profile that becomes evident in the Zipper Effect area of the tire and is not generally manifested elsewhere.
  • the area at the location of the zipper problem is illustrated by a sidewall height variation as compared to the rest of the sidewall.
  • An operator can recognize and detect the defect by observing a graphic representation of the height profile of the sidewall or by observing a color map of the height profile.
  • the disclosed embodiment uses a scanner that utilizes a line laser and an image sensor to scan the surface of the sidewall.
  • a scanner that utilizes a line laser and an image sensor to scan the surface of the sidewall.
  • One skilled in the art may adapt ultrasonic methods, pressure transducers, or infrared methods, to name a few, to essentially perform the same functions as the scanner disclosed herein.
  • Figs. 5, 6, and 7 discloses one embodiment of the subject Zipper Effect detection system 10.
  • the system 10 includes a frame 12 that supports the other components of the system 10, and generally divides the subject invention into input, testing and output sections respectively.
  • the frame 12 supports and reinforces a plurality of panels 14 surrounding the testing section, the panels 14 providing protection for a user in the event that a tire ruptures when the tire is inflated or during analysis.
  • a track 16 extends longitudinally across the frame 12 from the input section to the output section.
  • a plurality of tire handlers 18 engage the track 16 and travel thereon from one section to another.
  • the tire handlers 18 include two rollers 20 that are rotatively connected to a base portion 22 that engages the track.
  • the rollers 20 receive the tire and permit rotation of the tire.
  • the base portion 22 cooperates with the track 16 to enable movement of the tire handler 18 thereon.
  • the tire handlers 18 may be moved manually or they may be motorized in a known fashion.
  • a roller mechanism 24 depends from a panel
  • the roller mechanism includes a roller 26 and a transducer (not shown) coupled to the roller
  • the roller mechanism 24 can be actuated onto the tire using an actuator mechanism that is known in the art, or the roller mechanism 24 can be fixedly or adjustably connected to the frame 12.
  • the pressure transducer can be coupled to the roller
  • an inflation mechanism extends from a panel
  • the inflation mechanism 28 includes a pair of arms 30, each extending from the panel 14 along opposite sides of the track 16.
  • a sealing rim 32 is releasably connected to each arm 30.
  • Each sealing rim 32 engages a sidewall, generally sealing the inner portion of the tire.
  • the sealing rims come in various sizes in order to accommodate tires of varying sizes.
  • An air source 29 cooperates with the sealing rim 32 to inflate a tire.
  • the air source 29 includes a pneumatic tube 31 that is connected along one end to the air source 29, is carried by the arm to the sealing rim 32, and extends through the sealing rim 32 to communication with the interior portion of the tire.
  • the air source 29 may be activated manually, or may be automatically controlled by the system 10.
  • a motor 33 is connected to an arm 30 and is rotatively coupled to a sealing rim 32.
  • the motor 33 drives the rotation of the sealing rim 32, causing the tire to rotate.
  • the motor 33 may include a manually adjustable speed control, or it may be automatically controlled by the system 10.
  • a pair of scanners 34 are used to determine the contour of a tire sidewall.
  • Each scanner includes a line laser 36 and an image sensor 38.
  • the image sensor can be any optic sensor or a group of optic sensors which is subdivided into regions called pixels or are combined to form an array of pixels.
  • the image sensor 38 is a CCD array or a CMOS chip.
  • the laser 36 functions as a light source providing a generally linear beam of coherent light across the surface of the tire.
  • the image sensor captures the light reflecting from the sidewall, and provides data to the system 10 from which a height profile of the surface is calculated.
  • Each scanner is connected to the frame 12, with each generally positioned to oppose the sidewall of a tire resting on the tire handler 18.
  • the scanners 34 can be actuated into proper position relative to a sidewall using an actuator mechanism that is known in the art, or the scanners 34 may be fixedly or adjustably connected to the frame 12.
  • a processor 40 is used to communicate with the line laser 36, the inflation mechanism 28, and the roller mechanism 24.
  • the processor 40 is housed in a lower part of the frame 12, behind the panels 14.
  • An input device such as a keyboard 42, enables a user to communicate with the processor 40 and control the operation of the system 10.
  • a display device 42 is also in communication with the processor 40 and enables the processor 40 to display options and data to the user.
  • the display device 42 also includes a touch screen enabling the user to communicate directly with the processor 40 by touching screen options.
  • the processor 40 includes therein a number of software applications which are used to analyze the data received from the scanners 34, and to generally operate the system 10.
  • the processor 40 also includes a number of interfaces which enable it to communicate with the scanner, the inflation mechanism 28, and the roller mechanism 24.
  • the processor 40 can be any computer known to those skilled in the art, including standard attachments and components thereof (e.g., a disk drive, hard drive, CD/DND player or network server that communicates with a CPU and main memory, a sound board, a keyboard and mouse, and a monitor).
  • the processor 40 may be any conventional general-purpose single- or multi-chip microprocessor.
  • the processor 40 may be any conventional special purpose processor such as a digital signal processor or a graphics processor.
  • the microprocessor can include conventional address lines, conventional data lines, and one or more conventional control lines.
  • the Zipper Effect detection system 10 includes two processors 40.
  • Processor 1 generally performs laser data collection and system hardware control, and processor 2 manages the processing and displaying of the sidewall data collected from the lasers 36 onto the display device 42.
  • Processor 1 will have general control over the functional aspects depicted in blocks 1, 5, and 7 and Processor #2 will generally control over the functional aspects depicted in blocks 2, 3, 4, and 6.
  • the scanner is comprised of a line laser 36 and an image sensor 38, preferably comprising a CCD array or a CMOS chip.
  • the scanner uses the line laser 36 to project a coherent and linear beam of light extending radially along the surface of the sidewall. The projected light is subsequently reflected by the sidewall back toward the scanner wherein it is detected by the image sensor 38.
  • the relative height of the surface along the line of the laser can be determined by measuring the position of the reflected line on the image sensor 38.
  • the image sensor is sub-divided into regions called pixels. By observing which pixel the laser's image falls on, a height can be assigned to that corresponding point on the surface.
  • the image sensor 38 creates a string of serial data representing the height of each point in a scan line.
  • a typical CCD array 38 collects 500 points per scan cycle. As the tire is rotated, data is collected at regular intervals (.015" to .1"). This CCD array data is transferred via a video card to the processor 40 wherein the data is graphed creating the height profile of Fig. 11.
  • the lasers 36 collect surface height data around the sidewall surface of the tire.
  • the data collected is referenced to an index (from an encoder mounted on the tire inflator). This enables the system 10 to present data at any point on the sidewall of the tire.
  • This data is mathematically adjusted to form a tire sidewall height profile referenced to a plane. The whole circumference of both sidewalls of the tire is scanned starting with the first index and ending with the last index. The height profile is mapped onto a graph so that the actual profile measurements can be read.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a tire having the zipper effect along index Ix to Iy.
  • Fig. 11 also illustrates how the profile changes for different indices around the tire. The area at the location of the zipper problem is illustrated by a a sidewall height variation that is noticeably different than the normal curvature produced along the majority of the indices.
  • the zipper effect is manifested by a height profile which is distinct from other areas of the sidewall. Whereas the unaffected areas of the sidewall will generally display a normal curvature, the Zipper Effect area will show a distinct triangular profile.
  • the Zipper Effect is also made clearly evident by creating a color map of the height profile. The color map is created by assigning in a known fashion, a color scale to correspond with the surface height measurement. As shown in Fig. 11 , the surface profile produces a pronounced color changes for the area surrounding the Zipper Effect. An operator can easily recognize and detect the defect by observing the height profile or a color map thereof.
  • Tire parameters such as sidewall height, tire diameter, scan line step distance, index parameters, and scan time are typically set by the operator.
  • the tire is then inflated by the inflation mechanism 28. This is achieved by moving the arms towards the tire and enabling the sealing rims to engage the tire.
  • the sealing rims 32 seal the interior portion of the tire, enabling the air source 29 to inflate the tire.
  • the roller mechanism 24 engages the tire and applies pressure thereto, so that the Zipper Effect is made more pronounced.
  • the motor 33 then rotates a sealing rim, causing the tire to rotate.
  • the scanners 34 scan the surface of both sidewalls of the tire, and the scan data is sent to the processor 40.
  • the processor then arranges the data into a number of indexes.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a scan profile for one side of a tire sidewall.
  • the distance between the first and last index represents the circumference of the sidewall of the tire.
  • the indexes Ix and Iy represent an area of operator interest where a zipper profile may exist.
  • the operator can examine the height profiles at various indices as part of the analysis by selecting a point on the monitor.
  • Point Iz illustrates one such profile in a graph so that the actual profile measurements can be read.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système (10) permettant de détecter de manière précise l'existence d'un effet de dentelure dans un pneumatique. Dans un mode de réalisation, le système comprend un cadre supportant une pluralité de panneaux renfermant généralement ledit système. Un mécanisme de cylindre (24) dépend d'un panneau fixé en haut du cadre. Un mécanisme de gonflage (5) comprenant une paire de bras, un bord de scellement connecté rotatif à chaque bras, et un moteur (33) s'étend depuis un panneau situé le long d'une partie inférieure dudit cadre. Une paire de dispositifs de balayage (34) sont positionnés dans le cadre de façon à s'étendre adjacents à la paroi d'un pneumatique à vérifier et à s'opposer à ladite paroi.
PCT/US2002/010300 2001-04-04 2002-04-03 Systeme de detection de defaut de pneumatique de type dentelure WO2002082070A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28152801P 2001-04-04 2001-04-04
US60/281,528 2001-04-04
US11378602A 2002-03-29 2002-03-29
US10/113,786 2002-03-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002082070A1 true WO2002082070A1 (fr) 2002-10-17

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PCT/US2002/010300 WO2002082070A1 (fr) 2001-04-04 2002-04-03 Systeme de detection de defaut de pneumatique de type dentelure

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007110107A1 (fr) * 2006-03-23 2007-10-04 Maehner Bernward Procédé de mesure spatiale d'objets à déplacement rapide
FR3042594A1 (fr) * 2015-10-16 2017-04-21 Airbus Operations Sas Systeme de controle non-destructif de pieces par generation d'ondes ultrasonores au moyen d'un laser d'excitation

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4936138A (en) * 1988-09-14 1990-06-26 Oliver Rubber Company Method and apparatus for tire inspection
US5060250A (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-10-22 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Method and system for detecting defects in tire sidewalls
EP0547365A2 (fr) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-23 Bridgestone Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer des caractéristiques d'un pneu
US6069966A (en) * 1996-07-04 2000-05-30 Snap-On Equipment Limited Apparatus and method for tire condition assessment
US6269689B1 (en) * 1998-07-22 2001-08-07 Oliver Rubber Company Tire inspection equipment and method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4936138A (en) * 1988-09-14 1990-06-26 Oliver Rubber Company Method and apparatus for tire inspection
US5060250A (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-10-22 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Method and system for detecting defects in tire sidewalls
EP0547365A2 (fr) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-23 Bridgestone Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer des caractéristiques d'un pneu
US6069966A (en) * 1996-07-04 2000-05-30 Snap-On Equipment Limited Apparatus and method for tire condition assessment
US6269689B1 (en) * 1998-07-22 2001-08-07 Oliver Rubber Company Tire inspection equipment and method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007110107A1 (fr) * 2006-03-23 2007-10-04 Maehner Bernward Procédé de mesure spatiale d'objets à déplacement rapide
FR3042594A1 (fr) * 2015-10-16 2017-04-21 Airbus Operations Sas Systeme de controle non-destructif de pieces par generation d'ondes ultrasonores au moyen d'un laser d'excitation

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