WO2002081409A1 - Method for manufacturing a light, strong and heat-insulating clay-based ceramic - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a light, strong and heat-insulating clay-based ceramic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002081409A1 WO2002081409A1 PCT/NO2002/000133 NO0200133W WO02081409A1 WO 2002081409 A1 WO2002081409 A1 WO 2002081409A1 NO 0200133 W NO0200133 W NO 0200133W WO 02081409 A1 WO02081409 A1 WO 02081409A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- clay
- ceramic
- baking
- calcite
- lime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/22—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in calcium oxide, e.g. wollastonite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
- C04B35/195—Alkaline earth aluminosilicates, e.g. cordierite or anorthite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/064—Natural expanding materials, e.g. clay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3436—Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
- C04B2235/3445—Magnesium silicates, e.g. forsterite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
- C04B2235/662—Annealing after sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/80—Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/94—Products characterised by their shape
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a light, strong and heat- insulating clay-based ceramic, which is designed for bricks, insulating blocks and the like, with the use of clay and lime, with subsequent re-moistening and exposure in carbon dioxide.
- the manufacture of building blocks involves the baking of clay alone, but in some cases it is known that small amounts of lime have been added in order to adjust the colour of the block, in which case the baking is carried out at 1100-1200°C. This involves a high energy, which results in sintering processes in the clay, which in turn leads to severe shrinkage of the block during baking.
- the traditional brick has a high volumetric weight (i.e. it is heavy) and has relatively poor thermal insulating properties.
- DE PS 898 269 discloses a method for manufacturing ceramic heat insulating blocks with a bulk density of less than 1.3, wherein a mass containing clay is added to raw materials in finely divided form containing alkaline- earth oxide in order to increase their natural porosity, and the baking temperature is in the range of 1000- 1100°C.
- DE OS 1 571 301 discloses a method for manufacturing partly fireproof insulating blocks, i.e. blocks and other moulded items that can withstand temperatures up to 1200°C, by employing a clay mixture containing calcium carbonate, which, after the admixture of water and organic filler materials that provide the porosity necessary to ensure insulating capacity, are moulded into blocks and baked.
- DE 40 21 028 Al discloses a method for high-precision manufacture of cellular ceramic building and construction elements of large format and/or large volume.
- Baked lime is added to an initial mixture of clay, water and a foamer, thereby forming calcium hydroxide, which in a carbon dioxide atmosphere by means of carbonisation in clay potsherd forms a crystalline structure of calcium carbonate.
- This calcium carbonate is mechanically stable and prevents the occurrence of shrinkage and cracking during the drying process.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a clay-based ceramic, such as a block that can be employed for building purposes, and particularly where it is suitable for the purpose to have a light (low volumetric weight) and porous block with good heat-insulating properties and with a tensile strength in bending that is comparable with traditional blocks, e.g. bricks.
- the object is to be able to employ the blocks in a similar way to cement-stabilised light clinker blocks, although it is a stronger type of block.
- the block is baked at a lower temperature than that previously known in order to avoid sintering and shrinking of the block, and to maintain the porosity.
- the lower baking temperature also results in a substantially lower energy consumption than for the previously known methods, in addition to which the post-hardening of the block leads to a great deal of carbon dioxide being taken up by the block, thus providing environmental benefits.
- a method for manufacturing a light, strong and heat-insulating clay-based ceramic which is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
- the baking being performed by means of a temperature of 900°C and higher, and preferably at 1000°C,
- Figure 1 illustrates volumetric weight as a result of calcite content and baking temperature.
- Figure 2 illustrates open porosity as a result of calcite content and baking temperature.
- Figure 3 illustrates the correlation between the amount of unreacted CaO after baking at 1000°C and the amount of calcite in unbaked samples.
- the invention relates to a new type of clay-based ceramic such as bricks, insulating blocks and the like, which have lower volumetric weight and better insulating properties than traditional blocks.
- the ceramic obtained by means of the method has a high degree of porosity (over 50 vol-%) and a volumetric weight (density) of less than 1.3 g/cm , preferably down towards about 1.2 g/cm . Additionally, the bending strength of the ceramic is comparable with, e.g., that of bricks.
- clay, lime and water are mixed to obtain a moist and ductile mixture.
- Calcite or other carbonate rocks may be employed as lime.
- Any type of clay may be used according to the invention.
- suitable clays include, but are not limited to, illite, chlorite, kaolinite, smectites, sepiolites and mixtures thereof.
- the clay employed according to the present invention may, e.g., be Norwegian glacimarine clay with main components consisting of illite, chlorite, feldspars and quartz.
- the sintering properties of the clay used according to the invention may be measured in a dilatometer at a heating rate of 120°C/hour.
- the clay behaves in such a manner that it begins to sinter at about 850°C.
- the maximum sintering rate occurs at about 1080°C.
- the clay is well into the smelting phase.
- an additive of fine-grained clay (“Ball Clay") of the Hypure Vector type from English China Clay (ECC) may be added in order to improve the plasticity/ductility of the material. Up to 5 weight-% of the said addition may be used calculated from the total mixture. The mass is then moulded or extruded, and some degree of drying may be performed.
- Baking of clay and calcite gives a product consisting of different silicates plus glass phase.
- CaO reacts relatively quickly with clay minerals when the temperature exceeds 800°C and forms different calcium silicates or calcium aluminium silicates, which may, e.g., be wollastonite CaO-Si0 2 , anorthite CaO-Al 2 0 3 -2Si0 2 or other minerals.
- a standard kiln of the Entech high-speed type kiln with air supply may, e.g., be employed. In order to calcine the carbonate rock the temperature must be over 800°C, but not much over 1000°C, since this causes the clay to sinter and shrink.
- the post-hardening process is carried out by the cooled block being moistened by being immersed for 3-5 seconds into water and placed under pressure in a carbon dioxide atmosphere in an autoclave for a certain period of time (hours). Carbonisation takes place when calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide, thus forming calcium carbonate and water.
- the carbon dioxide exposure time depends on the carbon dioxide pressure and the size of the block. With a pressure of 10 bar and a block whose dimensions are, for example, 155mm x 12mm x 11mm, 18 hours is sufficient.
- the optimal exposure time must be determined in relation to the size of the block and the carbon dioxide pressure employed, and may, e.g., have a duration of 24 hours or more.
- the post-hardening process causes a great deal of carbon dioxide to be taken up by the block as newly-created carbonate cement.
- Sample series 1 clay + calcite
- Table 1 Volumetric weight and open porosity of samples based on clay and calcite used according to the invention
- the porosity increases substantially as the calcite additive increases, and varies little with the baking temperature.
- the samples with 55%> calcite have a porosity of between 58 and 59%> and a volumetric weight of 1.26-1.29 g/cm .
- At the other end of the test series are the samples with 10% calcite that have a porosity of 38.5 % and a volumetric weight of 1.73 g/cm 3 .
- Sample series 2 50% clay + 50%> calcite
- the new sample series was made with the composition 50% calcite, 5% additive of "Ball Clay” (ECC - Hypure Vector), and 45% clay. Said additive was added in order to increase the dry breaking strength of the samples. Rods were cast, which were about 155 mm long and about 12 x 11 mm 2 in cross section. These were then dried and baked at 1000°C according to the same baking program as in sample series 1. After baking, the samples were exposed to both water and C0 2 , and flexural strength was measured in a 3 point bending test before and after exposure.
- the rods were therefore immersed in water for 3-5 seconds and placed in the autoclave in a wet condition. This was from Friday afternoon until Monday morning and they remained in the autoclave at 10 bar C0 2 pressure. They were removed and dried once again. All the rods now showed a clear weight increase, which on average was of 4.21%. This meant that a reaction had been obtained. Assuming that all free CaO had reacted to CaC0 3 , one finds that the amount of CaO in baked samples (1000°C) was 8.7% on average. 50%) calcite additive thus gives an unreacted residue of 8.7% CaO. What was demonstrated here was that the reaction to CaC0 3 did not occur so rapidly in the samples with clay as for pure CaO.
- the amount of unreacted CaO increases exponentially with the amount of calcite in the original specimen.
- a 30% calcite additive the amount that is unreacted after baking at 1000°C is about 1%.
- a 50% calcite additive the amount that is unreacted after baking is about 8% and with 55% calcite additive the amount that is unreacted is about 12%.
- a block made with 50%> calcite may have an uptake of about 64 kg C0 2 per ton block (corresponding to 82.5 kg C0 2 per m block).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20011807 | 2001-04-09 | ||
NO20011807A NO313667B1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-04-09 | Process for making a light, strong and heat-insulating clay-based ceramic |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002081409A1 true WO2002081409A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
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ID=19912360
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/NO2002/000133 WO2002081409A1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-04-05 | Method for manufacturing a light, strong and heat-insulating clay-based ceramic |
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NO (1) | NO313667B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002081409A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2551325A4 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2015-10-28 | Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Kk | Chemical heat storage material structure, production method therefor, and chemical heat accumulator |
CN106187142A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 周荣 | A kind of preparation method of high porosity complex phase porous ceramic film material |
EP4155041A1 (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2023-03-29 | Wienerberger AG | Method for manufacturing bricks and bricks manufactured according to this method |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE898269C (en) * | 1951-06-19 | 1953-11-30 | Eduard Cramer | Process for the production of ceramic thermal insulation bodies |
GB1086410A (en) * | 1965-08-27 | 1967-10-11 | Skarrehage Molervaerk As | Method of making semi-refractory insulating blocks |
EP0365022A2 (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1990-04-25 | Arturo Broggini | Process for the production of artificial stones |
DE4021028A1 (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-01-09 | Z & K Forschungslabor Bassilio | Large vol. cellular ceramic construction elements - obtd. by foaming clay, water and chalk slurry mixt. and carbonising to produce strong calcium carbonate frame structure |
-
2001
- 2001-04-09 NO NO20011807A patent/NO313667B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-04-05 WO PCT/NO2002/000133 patent/WO2002081409A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE898269C (en) * | 1951-06-19 | 1953-11-30 | Eduard Cramer | Process for the production of ceramic thermal insulation bodies |
GB1086410A (en) * | 1965-08-27 | 1967-10-11 | Skarrehage Molervaerk As | Method of making semi-refractory insulating blocks |
EP0365022A2 (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1990-04-25 | Arturo Broggini | Process for the production of artificial stones |
DE4021028A1 (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-01-09 | Z & K Forschungslabor Bassilio | Large vol. cellular ceramic construction elements - obtd. by foaming clay, water and chalk slurry mixt. and carbonising to produce strong calcium carbonate frame structure |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2551325A4 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2015-10-28 | Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Kk | Chemical heat storage material structure, production method therefor, and chemical heat accumulator |
CN106187142A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 周荣 | A kind of preparation method of high porosity complex phase porous ceramic film material |
EP4155041A1 (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2023-03-29 | Wienerberger AG | Method for manufacturing bricks and bricks manufactured according to this method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20011807L (en) | 2002-10-10 |
NO20011807D0 (en) | 2001-04-09 |
NO313667B1 (en) | 2002-11-11 |
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