WO2002079183A1 - Derives halogenes de la rhodamine et leurs applications - Google Patents

Derives halogenes de la rhodamine et leurs applications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002079183A1
WO2002079183A1 PCT/CA2002/000438 CA0200438W WO02079183A1 WO 2002079183 A1 WO2002079183 A1 WO 2002079183A1 CA 0200438 W CA0200438 W CA 0200438W WO 02079183 A1 WO02079183 A1 WO 02079183A1
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group
alkyl
cells
rhodamine
derivatives
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PCT/CA2002/000438
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English (en)
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WO2002079183A8 (fr
Inventor
Abdelkrim Habi
Denis Gravel
Luc Villeneuve
Hongsheng Su
Marc Vaillancourt
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Theratechnologies Inc.
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Priority claimed from CA002342675A external-priority patent/CA2342675A1/fr
Priority to EP02708105A priority Critical patent/EP1276734A1/fr
Priority to BRPI0204489A priority patent/BRPI0204489B8/pt
Priority to JP2002577810A priority patent/JP4647187B2/ja
Priority to CA002410273A priority patent/CA2410273C/fr
Priority to US10/297,088 priority patent/US7560574B2/en
Application filed by Theratechnologies Inc. filed Critical Theratechnologies Inc.
Priority to MXPA02011638A priority patent/MXPA02011638A/es
Publication of WO2002079183A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002079183A1/fr
Publication of WO2002079183A8 publication Critical patent/WO2002079183A8/fr
Priority to US12/403,819 priority patent/US20090176869A1/en
Priority to US12/786,280 priority patent/US20110021616A1/en
Priority to US13/157,105 priority patent/US8383672B2/en
Priority to US13/752,204 priority patent/US9636363B2/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/78—Ring systems having three or more relevant rings
    • C07D311/80—Dibenzopyrans; Hydrogenated dibenzopyrans
    • C07D311/82—Xanthenes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to new rhodamine derivatives that are useful for their pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical properties.
  • the rhodamine derivatives ofthe present invention exhibit powerful bactericidal and antiviral activities .
  • those derivatives are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of further new rhodamines derivatives and also in the new synthesis of already known rhodamine derivatives.
  • the present invention also relates to new processes for the preparation of rhodamine derivatives.
  • Photodynamic therapy has been used as a method for the eradication of neoplastic cells from autologous grafts for cancer treatments. This method relies on the use of phosensitizing dyes, which when activated with light of a particular wavelength, produce toxic O 2 " radicals, ultimately leading to cell death. Photochemical treatments have also been used for pathogen inactivation, such as in "decontamination" of blood and blood-derived products. The danger of pathogen transmission through transfusion of whole blood, platelets concentrates, plasma and/or red blood cells still represent major concerns in medicine. Although there has been impressive progress in the prevention and maintenance of blood safety regarding the presence of microorganisms, blood components continue to carry risk of pathogen transfusion.
  • viruses in blood components is also of great concerns, mainly for the presence of Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIN), even though the risk of contamination is reduced to negligible levels.
  • HIN human immunodeficiency virus
  • the presence of other viruses is also required and includes the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Hepatitis B (HBV) and cytomegalovirus.
  • Photodynamic compounds such as pseuralens, po hyrines, riboflavines and dimethyl of methyletiediane have been used in the treatment of pathogen in blood product. These compounds necessitate radiation by a ultra violet A lamp (UNA) to get activated, thus leading to possible mutagenic effect in the remaining cells present in the treated samples.
  • UPA ultra violet A lamp
  • Immunologic disorders are uncontrolled cell proliferations that result from the production of immune cells recognizing normal cells and tissues as foreign. After a variable latency period during which they are clinically silent, cells with immunoreactivity towards normal cells induce damages in these normal cells and tissues. Such immunologic disorders are usually divided in alloimmune conditions and autoimmune conditions. Alloimmune disorders occur primarily in the context of allogeneic transplantation (bone marrow and other organs: kidney, heart, liver, lung, etc.). In the setting of bone marrow transplantation, donor immune cells present in the hematopoietic stem cell graft react towards host normal tissues, causing graft- versus-host disease (GVHD). The GVHD induces damage primarily to the liver, skin, colon, lung, eyes and mouth.
  • GVHD graft- versus-host disease
  • Autoimmune disorders are comprised of a number of arthritic conditions, such as rhumatoid arthritis, scleroderma and lupus erythematosus; endocrine conditions, such as diabetes mellitus; neurologic conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis; hematological disorders, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, etc.
  • the immune reaction in both alloimmune and autoimmune disorders, progresses to generate organ dysfunction and damage.
  • GVHD hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
  • graft rejection solid organ transplantation
  • autoimmune disorders represent a major cause of both morbidity and mortality.
  • immunosuppressive agents monoclonal antibody-based therapies, radiation therapy, and more recently molecular inhibitors.
  • Significant improvement in outcome has occurred with the continued development of combined modalities, but for a small number of disorders and patients.
  • Allogeneic stem cell transplantation has been employed for the treatment of a number of malignant and non-malignant conditions.
  • Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is based on the administration of high-dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation to eliminate malignant cells, and host hematopoietic cells. Normal hematopoietic donor stem cells are then infused, into the patient in order to replace the host hematopoietic system. AlloSCT has been shown to induce increased response rates when compared with standard therapeutic options. One important issue that needs to be stressed when using AlloSCT relates to the risk of reinfusing immune cells that will subsequently recognize patient cells as foreign and cause
  • GVHD GVHD.
  • a variety of techniques have been developed that can deplete up to 10 ⁇ of T cells from the marrow or peripheral blood. These techniques, including immunologic and pharmacologic purging, are not entirely satisfactory.
  • One major consideration when purging stem cell grafts is to preserve the non-host reactive T cells so that they can exert anti-infectious and anti-leukemia activity upon grafting.
  • photosensitizers which possess at least one of he following characteristics: i) preferential localization and uptake by the immunoreactive cells; ii) upon application of appropriate light intensities, killing those cells which have accumulated and retained the photosensiting agents; iii) sparing of the normal hemopoietic stem cell compartment from the destructive effects of activated photosensitizers; and iv) potential utilization of photosensitizers for hematopoietic stem cell purging of immunoreactive cells in preparation for allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation, v) Potential utilization of photosensitizers for ex vivo elimination of reactive immune cells in patients with immunological disorders. - 1 -
  • Rhodamine 123 (2-(6-amino-3-imino-3H-xanthen-9-yl) benzoic acid methyl ester hydrochloride), a lipophilic cationic dye of the pyrylium class which can disrupt cellular homeostasis and be cytostatic or cytotoxic upon high concentration exposure and/or photodynamic therapy, although with a very poor quantum yield (Darzynkiewicz Z., Carter S. (1988) Cancer Res., 48: 1295-1299). It has been used in vitro as a specific fluorescent stain for living mitochondria. It is taken up and is preferentially retained by many tumor cell types, impairing their proliferation and survival by altering membrane and mitochondrial function (Oseroff A. R.
  • Halogenated rhodamine salts are dyes that have the property of penetrating cells and generally localising at the mitochondria. They have been used in conjunction with photoactivation to kill certain types of cells, namely cancer cells in Leukemia, and activated T-cells in autoimmune diseases.
  • the generally accepted mechanism for the cell killing effect is the production of singlet oxygen which is the reactive intermediate in the disruption of the life- sustaining biological processes ofthe cell.
  • the role of the rhodamine dye in the production of singlet oxygen is that of a photosensitizer, i.e. that of a molecule which absorbs the incident light energy and transfers it to ground state oxygen, thereby elevating it to its singlet excited state which is the reactive intermediate. It is further known that the efficiency of the energy transfer process is greatly enhanced by the presence of heavy atoms such as halogens on the aromatic chromophore ofthe dye.
  • One aim of the present invention is to produce new photosensitizers endowed with the following characteristics: i) preferential localization and uptake by the immunoreactive cells; ii) upon application of appropriate light intensities, killing those cells which have accumulated and retained the photosensiting agents; iii) sparing of the normal hemopoietic stem cell compartment from the destructive effects of activated photosensitizers; iv) potential utilization of photosensitizers for hematopoietic stem cell purging of immunoreactive cells in preparation for allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation; and v) Potential utilization of photosensitizers for ex vivo elimination of reactive immune cells in patients with immunological disorders.
  • the photoactivable rhodamine derivatives according to the invention for the photodynamic treatment for the selective destruction and/or inactivation of immunologically reactive cells without affecting the normal cells and without causing systemic toxicity for the patient, wherein appropriate intracellular levels of said derivatives are achieved and irradiation of a suitable wavelength and intensity is applied.
  • a method of prevention of graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a patient which comprises the steps of: a) activating lymphocytes from a donor by mixing donor cells with host cells for a time sufficient for a period of time sufficient for an immune reaction to occur; b) substantially eliminating the activated lymphocytes of step a) with photodynamic therapy using a therapeutic amount of a photoactivable derivative or composition of claim 1 under irradiation of a suitable wavelength; and c) performing allogenic stem cell transplantation using the treated mix of step b).
  • a method for the treatment of immunologic disorder in a patient which comprises the steps of: a) harvesting said patient's hematopoietic cells; b) ex vivo treating of the hematopoietic cells of step a) by photodynamic therapy using a therapeutic amount of a photoactivable derivative or composition of claim 1 under irradiation of a suitable wavelength; and c) performing graft infusion or autograft transplantation using the treated hematopoietic cells of step b).
  • the immunologic disorder may be selected from the group consisting of conditions in which self cells or donor cells react against host tissues or foreign targets, such as garft-versus-host disease, graft rejection, autoimmune disorders and T-cell mediated immunoallergies .
  • the hematopoietic cells may be selected from the group consisting of bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood mononuclear cells.
  • immunological disorders is intended to mean any alloimmune or autoimmune reaction and/or disorders.
  • these rhodamine compounds which are prepared following the general strategy of halogenating known and readily available rhodamine dyes thereby generating a first and varied series of intermediates, which themselves can serve as potential photosensitizers or, use these halogenated rhodamines as intermediates in the synthesis of a second series of rhodamine dyes whereby one or more halogen has been substituted for one of the groups of structure (I).
  • a subsequent halogenation step is added to the sequence to obtain the desired compound of structure I (see Figures 1 to 5).
  • the present invention relates to rhodamine derivatives ofthe formula (I)
  • Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and Rio represents an halogen atom and each of the remaining Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R- t , and each of the remaining Rio group is independently selected in the group constituted by hydrogen, halogen atoms, an amino, acylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, azacycloalkyl, all ⁇ ylcycloalkylamino, aroylamino, diarylamino, arylalkylamino, aralkylamino, alkylaralkylamino, arylaralkylamino, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, aralkylthio, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkyl
  • - A is nil, O, orNH
  • - R 9 represents an alkylene group
  • - Z is H, amino, dialkylamino, or trialkylamino salt
  • Rg, R and R g are independently H or Ci-C ⁇ alkyl or Ri in combination with R 5 or R 6 , or R 2 in combination with R 5 or R 6 , or R 3 in
  • the invention also relates to intermediates of the formula (II) to (VII) and to those of formula (V) as defined in 1 to 5, which are useful inter alia in the synthesis ofthe rhodamine derivatives of fomiula (I).
  • the invention further relates to the new processes for the synthesis of new rhodamines derivatives of formula (I), wherein the various groups Ri to Rio, A, X, Y, Y' and Z, and m and n are as previously defined, without the exclusion of the compounds listed in the proviso at the end ofthe previous definition.
  • This processes being defined by the schemes represented in Figures 1 to 5 and by the corresponding parts ofthe description.
  • the rhodamine derivatives of the invention are usefull alone or in combination with a carrier, for treating infections generated by Gram + and/or by Gram- bacteria. As well as in the treatment of diseases generated by enveloped viruses or by non- enveloped viruses.
  • Fig. 1 is the general synthesis of substituted 4 and 2,7 halogenated rhodamine derivatives.
  • Fig. 2 is the general synthesis of substituted 2 and 4,5 halogenated rhodamine derivatives.
  • Fig. 3 is the general synthesis of substituted 4- and 2,7-halogenated rhodamine derivatives.
  • Fig. 4 is the general synthesis of substituted 2- and 4,5-halogenated rhodamine derivatives.
  • Fig. 5 is the general synthesis of substituted 2- and 4,5-halogenated rhodamine derivatives.
  • Fig. 6 is the bacteriostatic activity of rhodamine derivatives against E coli; the bacterial strain E coli was treated with the rhodamine derivatives at 50 uM without extrusion time. The determined effects are expressed in log decrease of bacterial growth: HA-X-40: 0,6 log; XA-X-44: eradication; HA-X-164: 0,25 log; HA-X-171: 3,7 logs; HA-VIII-92: 6,2 logs; TH9402: 7 logs.
  • LB is growth without compounds.
  • Fig. 7 is bacteriostatic activity of rhodamine derivatives against P. aeruginosa; the bacterial strain P. aeruginosa was treated with the rhodamine derivatives at 50 uM without extrusion time. The determined effects are expressed in log decrease of bacterial growth: TH9402: 2 logs. LB is growth without compounds.
  • Fig. 8 is bacteriostatic activity of rhodamine derivatives against S.typhimurium; the bacterial strain S. typhimurium was treated with the rhodamine derivatives at 50 uM without extrusion time. The determined effects are expressed in log decrease of bacterial growth: XA-X-44: 5 logs; HA-X-164: 0,3 log; TH9402: 6,7 logs. LB is growth without compounds.
  • Fig. 9 is bacteriostatic activity of rhodamine derivatives against E coli; the bacterial strain E coli was treated with the rhodamine derivatives at 50 uM without extrusion time.
  • the determined effects are expressed in log decrease of bacterial growth: HA- X-40: 0,6 log; XA-X-44: eradication; HA-X-164: 0,25 log; HA-X-171: 3,7 logs; HA-VIII-92: 6,2 logs; TH9402: 7 logs.
  • LB is growth without compounds.
  • Fig. 10 is bacteriostatic activity of rhodamine derivatives against P. aeruginosa; the bacterial strain P. aeruginosa was treated with the rhodamine derivatives at 50 uM without extrusion time. The determined effects are expressed in log decrease of bacterial growth: TH9402: 2 logs. LB is growth without compounds.
  • Fig. 11 is bactiriostatic activity of rhodamine derivatives against S.typhimurium; the bacterial strain S. typhimurium was treated with the rhodamine derivatives at 50 uM without extrusion time.
  • the determined effects are expressed in log decrease of bacterial growth: XA-X-44: 5 logs; HA-X-164: 0,3 log; TH9402: 6,7 logs.
  • LB is growth without compounds.
  • Fig. 12 is bacteriostatic activity of rhodamine derivatives against E coli; the bacterial strain E coli was treated with the rhodamine derivatives at 50 uM without extrusion time.
  • the determined effects are expressed in log decrease of bacterial growth: HA- X-40: 0,6 log; XA-X-44: eradication; HA-X-164: 0,25 log; HA-X-171: 3,7 logs; HA-VIII-92: 6,2 logs; TH9402: 7 logs.
  • LB is growth without compounds.
  • Fig. 13 is bacteriostatic activity of rhodamine derivatives against P. aeruginosa; the bacterial strain P. aeruginosa was treated with the rhodamine derivatives at 50 uM without extrusion time. The determined effects are expressed in log decrease of bacterial growth: TH9402: 2 logs. LB is growth without compounds.
  • Fig. 14 is bacteriostatic activity of rhodamine derivatives against S.typhimurium; the bacterial strain S. typhimurium was treated with the rhodamine derivatives at 50 uM without extrusion time. The determined effects are expressed in log decrease of bacterial growth: XA-X-44: 5 logs; HA-X-164: 0,3 log; TH9402: 6,7 logs. LB is growth without compounds.
  • Fig. 15 is antiviral activity of rhodamine erivatives tested on cytomegalovirus; log decreases of viral mfectivity and proliferation in FS cells. Compounds were addded at 50 uM without extrusion time. Log decreases of viral infectivity and proliferation in FS cells; compounds were added at 50 uM without extrusion time and without light activation.
  • Fig. 16 is staphilococcus epidermitis; TH9402 inhibits bacterial growth of S. epidermitis at 50 uM without extrusion time.
  • Fig. 17 is staphilococcus epidermitis; HA-X-40 exibits a bacteriostatic effect on the growth of S. epidermitis with a 2 logs decrease of bacterial growth at 50 uM without extrusion time.
  • Fig. 18 is staphilococcus epidermitis; HA-X-40 eradicates bacterial growth of S. epidermitis at 50 uM with 90 minutes extrusion time.
  • Fig. 19 is. staphilococcus epidermitis; XA-X-44 eradicates bacterial growth of S. epidermitis at 50 uM without extrusion time.
  • Fig. 20 is staphilococcus epidermitis; HA-X-149 exibits a bacteriostatic effect on the growth of S. epidermitis with a 4,5 logs decrease of bacterial growth at 50 uM without extrusion time.
  • Fig. 21 is staphilococcus epidermitis; HA-X-164 exibits a bacteriostatic effect on the growth of S. epidermitis with a 3 logs decrease of bacterial growth at 50 uM without extrusion time.
  • Fig. 22 is staphilococcus epidermtis; HA-X-171 exibits a bacteriostatic effect on the growth of S. epidenxtitis with a 6,5 logs decrease of bacterial growth at 10 uM without extrusion time.
  • Fig. 23 is staphilococcus epidermitis; HA-VIII-92 exibits a bacteriostatic effect on the growth of S. epidermitis with a 4 logs decrease of bacterial growth at 10 uM without extrusion time.
  • Fig. 24 is antiviral activity of rhodamine derivatives tested on cytomegalovirus; log decreases of viral infectivity and proliferation in MRC-5 cells. Compounds were added at 50 uM without extrusion time.
  • HA-X- 164 the acetate salt of 2,7-dibromorhodamine B methyl ester (4)
  • HA-X- 149 the acetate salt of 2,7-dibromorhodamine B hexyl ester (8)
  • HA-X-171 4,5-dibromorhodamine 6G (11)
  • HA-X-40 2'-(6-dimethyIamino-3-dimethylimino-3H-xanthen-9-yl) 4',5'- dichloro-benzoic acid methyl ester hydrochloride (10)
  • HA-X-44 4,5-dibromorhodamine 110 2-(2-methoxy ethoxy) ethyl esther(13)
  • a first object of the present invention is constituted by the new rhodamines derivatives of the formula (I)
  • Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and Rio represents an halogen atom and each of the remaining Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and each of the remaining Rio group is independently selected in the group constituted by hydrogen, halogen atoms, an amino, acylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, azacycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkylamino, aroylamino, diarylamino, arylalkylamino, aralkylamino, alkylaralkylamino, arylaralkylamino, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, aralkylthio, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbam
  • - A is nil, O, or NH
  • - R 9 represents an alkylene group
  • - Z is H, amino, dialkylamino, or trialkylamino salt
  • R 5 , Re, R 7 and R 8 are independently H or C]-C 6 alkyl or Ri in combination with R 5 or R 6 , or R 2 in combination with R 5 or Rg, or R 3 in combination with R or R 8 , or R 4 in combination with R 7 or R 8 represents an alkylene, alone or in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,
  • - 4,5-dibromorhodamine 123 (2-(4,5-dibromo-6-amino-3-imino-3H- xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acid methyl ester hydrochloride) also called TH9402; - 4,5-dibromorhodamine 123 (2-(4,5-dibromo-6-amino-3-imino-3H- xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride);
  • - 4,5-dibromorhodamine 123 (2-(4,5-dibromo-6-amino-3-imino-3H- xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acid octyl ester hydrochloride); - 4,5-dibromorhodamine 110 n-butyl ester (2-(4,5-dibromo-6-amino-3- imino-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-benzoic acid n-butyl ester hydrochloride); and
  • alkyl means a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the corresponding substituted alkyl group bearing one or more substituents which may be the same or different and which are selected in the group constituted by halo, aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkyloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, aralkyloxy, aralkylthio, and cycloalkyl and "branched" means that a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl or propyl is attached to a linear alkyl chain, preferred alkyl groups include the "lower alkyl” groups which are those alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 6 carbons., exemplary alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, hexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, methyl or ethyl groups are more preferred;
  • cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic ring preferably composed from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and the cyclic alkyl may be partially unsaturated, preferred cyclic alkyl rings include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, the cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted with an aryl group substituent, the cyclopentyl and the cyclohexyl groups are preferred;
  • alkenyl means an alkyl group containing a carbon-carbon 5 double bond and having preferably from 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the linear chain, exemplary groups include allyl vinyl;
  • alkynyl means an alkyl group containing a carbon-carbon triple bond and having preferably from 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the linear
  • exemplary groups include ethynyl, propargyl;
  • aryl means an aromatic carbocyclic radicalor asubstituted carbocyclic radical containing preferably from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl or naphtyl or phenyl or naphtyl substituted
  • alkylcarbamoyl dialkylcarbamoyl, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylene or -
  • NYY' where Y and Y' are independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;
  • aralkyl means a radical in which an aryl group is substituted for 25 an alkyl H atom, exemplary aralkyl group is benzyl;
  • acyl means an alkyl-CO- group in which the alkyl group is as previously described, preferred acyl have an alkyl containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, exemplary groups include
  • aroyl means an aryl-CO- group in which the aryl group is as previously described and preferably contains from 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring, exemplary groups include benzoyl and 1- and 2- naphtoyl;
  • alkoxy means an alkyl-O- group in which the alkyl group is as previously described, exemplary alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, and heptoxy;
  • aryloxy means an aryl-O- group in which the aryl group is as previously described, exemplary aryloxy groups include phenoxy and naphthoxy;
  • alkylthio means an alkyl-S-group in which the alkyl group is as previously described, exemplary alkylthio groups include methylthio, ethylthio, i-propylthio and heptylthio;
  • arylthio means an aryl-S-group in which the aryl group is as 20 previously described, exemplary arylthio groups include phenylthio, naphthylthio;
  • aralkyloxy means an aralkyl-O- group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described, exemplary aralkyloxy group is
  • aralkylthio means an aralkyl-S- group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described, exemplary aralkylthio group is benzylthio;
  • dialkylamino means an -NYY' group wherein both Y and Y' are alkyl groups as previously described, exemplary alkylamino include ethylamino, dimethylamino and diethylamino;
  • alkoxycarbonyl means an alkyl-O-CO- group wherein the alkyl group is as previously described.
  • exemplary alkoxycarbonyl groups include methoxy- and ethoxy-carbonyl;
  • aryloxycarbonyl means an aryl-O-CO- group wherein the aryl 10 group is as previously described, exemplary aryloxycarbonyl groups include phenoxy- and naphthoxy-carbonyl;
  • aralkoxycarbonyl means an aralkyl-O-CO- group wherein the aralkyl is as previously defined, exemplary aralkoxycarbonyl group
  • alkylcarbamoyl is an Y'YN-CO- group wherein one of Y and Y' 20 is hydrogen and the other of Y and Y' is alkyl as defined previously; .
  • dialkylcarbamoyl is an Y'YN-CO- group wherein both Y and Y' are alkyl as defined previously;
  • acylamino is an acyl-NH group wherein acyl is as defined previously;
  • aroylamino is an aroyl-NH group wherein aroyl is as defined 30 previously;
  • akylene means a straight or branched bivalent hydrocarbon chain group having preferably from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and the alkylene group may be interrupted by one or more substituted nitrogen atoms wherein the substituent ofthe nitrogen atom is alkyl or oxygen or sulfur atoms, and it is presently more preferred that the alkylene group has from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, exemplary alkylene groups include ethylene (-CH 2 CH 2 -), propylene (-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -), -CH 2 NMe-CH 2 -, O-CH 2 -O or -O-CH 2 CH 2 -O-;
  • 'halo preferably means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo
  • azacycloalkyl preferably means a 4 to 9 membered saturated carbon ring where one of the methylene groups is replaced by
  • cycloalkylamine means an -NYY' group wherein one of the Y and Y' is hydrogen and the other Y and Y' is cycloalkyl as defined previously;
  • alkylcycloalkylamino means an -NYY' group wherein one ofthe Y and Y' is alkyl as defined previously and the other Y and Y' is cycloalky as defined previously;
  • diarylamino means an -NYY' group wherein both Y and Y' are aryl groups as previously described;
  • aralkylamino means an -NYY' group wherein one of the Y and Y' is hydrogen and the other Y and Y' is aralkyl as defined
  • arylalkylamino means an -NYY' group wherein one ofthe Y and Y' is alkyl as defined previously and the other Y and Y' is aryl as defined previously;
  • alkylaralkylamino means an -NYY' group wherein one of the Y and Y' is alkyl as defined previously and the other Y and Y' is aralkyl as defined previously;
  • arylaralkylamino means an -NYY' group wherein one of the Y 10 and Y' is aryl as defined previously and the other Y and Y' is aralkyl as defined previously;
  • mercapto is a -SH or a SR group wherein R may be any of the above defined groups Ri to Rio, the -SH, the mercaptoaryl and the
  • hydroxysulfonyl is an -SO H
  • dialkylamidosulfonyl means an -SO 2 NYY' group wherein both Y and Y' are alkyl groups as previously described;
  • arylaralkylamidosulfonyl means an -SO 2 NYY' group wherein 25 one of the Y and Y' is aryl as defined previously and the other Y and Y' is aralkyl as defined previously;
  • anion means the deprotonated form of an organic or inorganic acid and the anion is preferably selected from hydrochlorides,
  • the covered compound comprise the internal salt or any salt derived from neutralization by any of the following bases: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonia, ethylene diamine, lysine, diethanolamine, "piperazine and the like.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is constituted by those rhodamine derivatives wherein at least 2 of the Ri, R 2 , R , R 4 , and Rio groups represent an halogen atom which is preferably a bromide atom.
  • rhodamine derivatives wherein the halogen(s) atom is(are) on the 2-7, 4-5 or 4 '-5' position on the ring or is(are) at the end ofthe ester chain.
  • a second object of the present invention is constituted by the intermediates represented by the formulae (II) to (VII) and (I 1 ), the formulae being as defined in Figures 1 to 5, wherein the various groups are as previously defined without any disclaimer.
  • the intermediates being as defined in Figures 1 to 5.
  • a third object of the present invention is constituted by new processes for the synthesis of new rhodamines derivatives of formula (I) wherein the various groups Ri to Rio, A, X, Y, Y' and Z, and m and n are as previously defined, without the exclusion of the compounds listed in the proviso at the end of the previous definition.
  • These processes being defined by the schemes represented in Figures 1 to 5 and by the corresponding parts ofthe description.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is constituted by the use of at least one rhodamine derivatives as defined in the first object of the invention, without the exclusion of the compounds listed in the proviso at the end of definition of the rhodamine derivative of fo ⁇ nula (I), alone or in combination with a carrier, for treating infections generated by Gram + and/or by Gram- bacteria.
  • the rhodamine derivatives are use for treating infections generated by Staphylococcus epidermitis.
  • the rhodamine(s) derivative(s) is (are) combined with a carrier that is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and is preferably selected in the group constituted by 5 % mannitol and/or DMSO.
  • the acceptable carrier is preferably constituted by 5 % of mannitol : in water or in DMS O .
  • the carrier is preferably constituted by DMSO.
  • a fifth object of the present invention is constituted by a bactericidal composition for the treatment of a liquid contaminated with Gram + and/or Gram- bacteria, which composition comprises an effective amount of at least one rhodamine derivatives as above defined, without the exclusion of the compounds listed in the proviso at the end of claim 1, alone or in combination with a carrier.
  • a sixth object of the present invention is constituted by a bactericidal solution, for the treatment of a locus contaminated with Gram + and/or Gram- bacteria, which solution comprises an effective amount of at least one rhodamine derivatives of formula (I) as previously defined, without any disclaimer, alone or in combination with a carrier for treating infections generated by Gram + and/or Gram- bacteria.
  • a seventh object of the present invention is constituted by a method for treating infections generated by Gram + and/or Gram- bacteria, which method comprises administering to a human or animal in need an effective amount of at least one rhodamine derivatives of formula (I) as previously defined, without any disclaimer, alone or in combination with a ca ⁇ ier.
  • the effective amount administered is comprises between 0,5 and 200 mg per kilogram body weight per day.
  • a eight embodiment of the present invention is constituted by a medicament containing an effective amount of at least one rhodamine derivatives of fo ⁇ nula (I) as previously defined, without the exclusion of the compounds listed in the proviso at the end of the definition, alone or in combination with a carrier, for treating infections generated by Gram + and/or Gram- bacteria.
  • a tenth object of the present invention is constituted by the use of an effective amount of at least one rhodamine derivatives or salt thereof as above-defined without any disclaimer, alone or in combination with a carrier, in the treatment of diseases generated by enveloped viruses or by non-enveloped viruses.
  • the enveloped virus is one with a double stranded ADN, more preferably one ofthe Herpes viridae family.
  • An eleventh object ofthe present invention is constituted by medicament containing an effective amount of at least one rhodamine derivatives or salt thereof, as above, without the exclusion of the compounds listed at the end of the definition of the rhodamine derivatives of formula (I), alone or in combination with a carrier, for treating viral infections.
  • Another prefe ⁇ ed embodiment ofthe invention is constituted by the 2,7-dibromorhodamine B hexyl ester acetate salt as an antiviral agent against Cytomegalovirus.
  • a twelfth object of the present invention is the use of the rhodamine derivatives of formula (I) as previously defined, without any disclaimer, in the treatment of immunologic disorders.
  • the use relates to enliancing high quantum- yield production and singlet oxygen generation upon irradiation while maintaining desirable differential retention of rhodamine between normal and cancer cells, said rhodamine derivatives of formula (I) being as previously defined, without the disclaimer.
  • the use relates to the photodynamic therapy of cancer patients by destroying human cancer cells, wherein appropriate intracellular levels of said derivatives are achieved and irradiation of a suitable wavelength and intensity is applied.
  • the use of the invention relates to a method for the photodynamic therapy of patients suffering from leukemias, disseminated multiple myelomas or lymphomas, which comprises the steps of: a) harvesting said patient's human bone marrow; b) purging of the bone marrow of step a) by photodynamic therapy using a therapeutic amount of a photoactivable derivative according to formula (I), without the exclusion of the compounds listed in the proviso at the end ofthe definition, under irradiation of a suitable wavelength; and c) performing autologous stem cell transplantation using the purged bone marrow of step b) .
  • the purging of step b) further comprises intensive chemotherapy and total body i ⁇ adiation (TBI) procedures.
  • TBI total body i ⁇ adiation
  • Another prefe ⁇ ed embodiment relates to a method for in vitro purging ofthe human bone marrow containing metastasis of solid tumors, selected from the group consisting of metastasis of breast, lung, prostatic, pancreatic and colonic carcinomas, disseminated melanomas and sarcomas, wherein surgical excision or debulking can be achieved, which comprises the steps of: a) harvesting said patient's human bone marrow; b) purging ofthe bone ma ⁇ ow of step a) by photodynamic therapy using a therapeutic amount of at least one photoactivable derivative of formula (I) as above defined without any disclaimer, under i ⁇ adiation of a suitable wavelength; and c) performing autologous stem cell transplantation using the purged bone ma ⁇ ow of step b).
  • the purging of step b) further comprises intensive chemotherapy and total body i ⁇ adiation (TBI) procedures.
  • TBI total body i ⁇ adiation
  • a further embodiment of this object of the invention is a method for the photodynamic therapy of cancer patients, which comprises administering to said patients a therapeutically acceptable intracellular level of at least one photoactivable derivative of formula (I) as above defined, without disclaimer, and subjecting said patients to i ⁇ adiation of a therapeutically suitable wavelength.
  • At least one photoactivable derivative is administered by instillation, injection, bloodstream diffusion at the tumor sites directly accessible to light emission or tumor sites accessible to laser beams using rigid or flexible endoscopes.
  • the laser-accessible tumor site is selected from the group consisting of urinary bladder, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, lower digestive tract, upper and lower respiratory tract.
  • Another prefe ⁇ ed embodiment of this object of the invention is constituted by a method for the treatment of leukemias in patients, which comprises the steps of: a) purging of cancerous clones from the bone ma ⁇ ow of said patients; b) subjecting said purged clones of step a) to a photodynamic treatment using a therapeutical amount of at least one of the photoactivable derivatives of formula (I) as previously defined, without the disclaimer present at the end of the definition, under i ⁇ adiation of a suitable wavelength for the selective destruction of leukemic cells without affecting the normal cells ofthe patients; and c) administering said treated clones of step b) to the patients; thereby causing no systemic toxicity for the patients.
  • a fourteenth object of the present invention is constituted by a photoactivable pharmaceutical composition for the selective destruction and/or inactivation of immunologically reactive cells without affecting the normal cells and without causing systemic toxicity for the patient, said composition comprising at least one photoactivable rhodamine derivative of formula (I) as previously defined, without the exclusion ofthe compounds listed in the proviso at the end ofthe definition, and photoactivable derivatives thereof; in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; whereby photoactivation of said derivatives induces cell killing while inactivated derivatives are substantially non-toxic to cells.
  • a fifteenth object of the present invention is constituted by the use of the photoactivable derivatives of claim 1 for the photodynamic treatment for the selective destruction and/or inactivation of immunologically reactive cells without affecting the normal cells and without causing systemic toxicity for the patient, wherein appropriate intracellular levels of said derivatives are achieved and i ⁇ adiation of a suitable wavelength and intensity is applied.
  • a prefe ⁇ ed embodiment is constituted by a method of prevention of graft-versus- host disease associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a patient, which comprises the steps of: a) activating lymphocytes from a donor by mixing donor cells with host cells for a time sufficient for a period of time sufficient for an immune reaction to occur; b) substantially eliminating the activated lymphocytes of step a) with photodynamic therapy using a therapeutic amount of a photoactivable composition of claim 24 under i ⁇ adiation of a suitable wavelength; and c) performing allogenic stem cell transplantation using the treated mix of step b).
  • Another prefe ⁇ ed embodiment is constituted by a method for the treatment of immunologic disorder in a patient, which comprises the steps of: a) harvesting said patient's hematopoietic cells; b) ex vivo treating of the hematopoietic cells of step a) by photodynamic therapy using a therapeutic amount of a photoactivable composition of claim 24 under i ⁇ adiation of a suitable wavelength; and c) performing graft infusion or autograft transplantation using the treated hematopoietic cells of step b).
  • the immunologic disorder is selected from the group consisting of conditions in which self cells or donor cells react against host tissues or foreign targets, such as graft-versus-host disease, graft rejection, autoimmune disorders and T-cell mediated immunoallergies .
  • the hematopoietic cells is selected from the group consisting of bone ma ⁇ ow, peripheral blood, and cord blood mononuclear cells.
  • Compounds of structure I exhibit enhanced properties as : labeling dyes for deoxynucleotides, dideoxynucleotides and polynucleotides; novel dyes suitable for recording fluids for the ink jet process; novel dyes for fiberglass and paper; novel dyes for the eradication of infectious biological contaminants in body tissues; novel dyes applicable in photographic processes; novel dyes applicable in cancer chemotherapy; novel dyes applicable as inhibitors of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and in the treatment and/or in the prophylaxis of infections caused the herpes simplex virus; novel dyes for use as polymer optical amplifiers and lasers; novel dyes applicable in cell biology; novel dyes applicable in the doping of siliceous materials to give solid dye lasers; novel pigments applicable for paints, inks and plastics; novel organic reagents in solvent extraction of metal ions; novel dyes applicable in the fonnation of new conjugate products with other dyes; novel dyes for the manufacture of CD-ROM type
  • the photosensitizers to be described have the potential to act synergistically in conjunction with other photoactive substances.
  • the negative selection procedure provided by the use of photodynamic treatment does not preclude the use of other means for enriching hematopoietic stem cells such as positive selection with anti-CD34 monoclonal antibodies.
  • the molecules can also be used in vivo for tumor sites directly accessible to exposure to a light source and to appropriate local concentrations ofthe drugs to be described.
  • the molecules ofthe invention can also be utilized in the photodynamic therapy of a patient suffering from disseminated multiple myelomas or lymphomas.
  • the metastatic cancers for which the therapy of this invention is appropriate include metastasis of breast, lung, prostatic, pancreatic and colonic carcinomas, disseminated melanomas and sarcomas.
  • the photoactivable derivatives of the present invention can be administered by instillation, injection, bloodstream diffusion at the tumor sites directly accessible to light emission of tumor sites accessible to laser beams using rigid or flexible endoscopes.
  • CML chrome myelogenous leukemia
  • BM bone ma ⁇ ow
  • PB peripheral blood
  • Ex vivo treatment consists, of short-term incubation or BM of PB stem cells with one or several of the selected photoactive compounds. Duration of incubation, cell concentration and drug molarity are be determined for each patient using an aliquot of the harvested cell population. Excess of dyes will be removed by cell washes with sterile dye free medium supplemented with 2% autologous serum. Cells are next exposed to radiant energy of sufficient intensities to effect photodynamic purging of leukemia cells. Efficacy of the photodynamic purging procedure is verified on an aliquot of the treated cell population, before cryopreservation and/or re-infusion to the patient is performed.
  • the cells are cryopreserved in 10% dimethyl sulfoxyde (DMSO) - 90% autologous serum medium, at -196°C in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen. 4.
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxyde
  • patient will be either treated with conventional regimens until autografting is clinically indicated or immediately submitted to dose- intensive chemotherapy and total body i ⁇ adiation where indicated.
  • cryopreserved ma ⁇ ow or peripheral blood stem cells will be rapidly thawed and diluted in medium containing
  • Diagnosis of malignancies will be established using conventional histopathological examination of the primary tumor. Detection of ma ⁇ ow involvement by neoplastic cells will be achieved by direct histological examination and ancillary procedures where indicated (i.e. immuno-peroxydase, immunohistochemical, tumor markers and hybridization studies).
  • BM bone ma ⁇ ow
  • PB peripheral blood
  • Ex vivo treatment will consist of short-term incubation of BM of PB stem cells with one or several of the selected photoactive compounds. Duration of incubation, cell concentration and drug molarity will be determined for each patient using an aliquot of the harvested cell population. Excess of dyes will be removed by cell washes in sterile dye free medium supplemented with 2% autologous serum. Cells will next be exposed to radiant energy of sufficient intensities to effect photodynamic purging of leukemia cells. Whenever a sensitive molecular marker is available, an aliquot of the treated cell population will be tested for the detection of residual neoplastic cells before cryopreservation and/or re-infusion to the patient is attempted. The cells will be cryopreserved in 10% dimethyl sulfoxyde (DMSO) - 90% autologous serum medium, at 196°C in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen.
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxyde
  • patient will be either treated with conventional regimens until autografting is clinically indicated or immediately submitted to dose- intensive chemotherapy and total body i ⁇ adiation where indicated.
  • cryopreserved ma ⁇ ow or peripheral blood stem cells will be rapidly thawed and diluted in medium containing
  • Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is performed for numerous neoplastic and non- neoplastic conditions.
  • Hematological malignancies are comprised of leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes, etc.; and non- hematological malignancies: aplastic anemia, congenital disorders, severe immunodeficiency syndromes, rhumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and other immune disorders.
  • Graft-versus-host disease is a complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, where donor cells react against host cells, damaging target tissues (usually skin, liver, gut, lung, lacrymal or salivary glands, etc.).
  • target tissues usually skin, liver, gut, lung, lacrymal or salivary glands, etc.
  • the diagnosis relies on several clinical and laboratory parameters, that are extensively reviewed in Graft-vs.-Host Disease, Fe ⁇ ara JLM, Deeg HJ, Burakoff SJ eds, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997.
  • GVHD develops against antigens present on recipient cells but not on donor cells. Immunological differences between donor and recipient could be present at the level of major histocompatibility antigens, minor histocompatibility antigens or tumor- associated antigens. Disparity will be established using one or more of the following procedures on blood or bone ma ⁇ ow cells: a) HLA typing: conventional serologic typing or molecular to identify disparities between donor and recipient in major histocompatibility complex class I and class II antigens; and b) Mixed lymphocyte culture to identify differences in class II antigens; and c) Minor histocompatibility antigens: although a few cyto toxic T cell lines are available and could be used to identify minor histocompatibility antigens, cu ⁇ ently, these tests are only available for research purposes.
  • BM bone ma ⁇ ow
  • PB peripheral blood
  • cord-blood derived hemopoietic stem cells from the donor will be harvested using previously described procedures for allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation (reviewed in Bone Marrow Transplantation, Forman SJ, Blume KG, Thomas ED eds, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Cambridge MA, USA, 1994).
  • Donor hemopoietic stem cells collected for allografting will be immediately incubated with i ⁇ adiated (25Gy) host mononuclear or other cells.
  • Host cells admixed with donor cells are incubated in sterile dye free medium supplemented with 20% autologous serum and interleukin-2 for 2 days. This procedure elicits donor cell alloreactivity towards the host, and the cell graft subsequently undergoes photodynamic treatment ex vivo as described below.
  • Ex vivo treatment will consist of short-term incubation of previously activated BM or PB stem cells with one or several of the selected photoactive compounds. Duration of incubation, cell concentration and drug molarity will be determined for each patient using an aliquot ofthe harvested cell population. Excess of dyes will be removed by cell washes with sterile dye free medium supplemented with 2% autologous serum. Cells will next be exposed to radiant energy of sufficient intensities to effect photodynamic purging of leukemia cells. Efficacy of the photodynamic purging procedure will be verified on an aliquot of the treated cell population, before cryopreservation and/or re-infusion to the patient is performed. Until re-infusion to the patient, the cells will be cryopreserved in 10% dimethylsulfoxyde (DMSO) - 90% autologous serum medium, at -196°C in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen.
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxyde
  • the patient will be submitted to dose-intensive chemotherapy and/or irradiation when indicated.
  • cryopreserved ma ⁇ ow or peripheral blood or cord blood stem cells will be rapidly thawed and returned to the patient.
  • peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells will be harvested using previously described or similar leukopheresis procedures (reviewed in Bone Marrow Transplantation, Forman SJ, Blume KG, Thomas ED eds, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Cambridge MA, USA, 1994). Patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected will be treated immediately ex vivo as described below.
  • Ex vivo treatment will consist of short-term incubation of PB stem cells with one or several of the selected photoactive compounds. Duration of incubation, cell concentration and drug molarity will be determined for each patient using an aliquot of the harvested cell population. Excess of dyes will be removed by cell washes in sterile dye free medium supplemented with 2% autologous serum. Cells will next be exposed to radiant energy of sufficient intensities to effect photodynamic purging of activated cells, which mediate GVHD.
  • Leukopheresed cells that are photodynamically treated will be reinfused into the patient. This approach will enable the elimination of a large number of circulating activated lymphocytes and other cells involved in GVHD. In addition, cells spared by the photodynamic treatment are unactivated and their reinfusion into the patient may help restore normal immunologic equilibrium. METHOD OF TREATMENT OF IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS
  • Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders will be established using conventional clinical, biochemical and/or histopathological examination of the blood or appropriate tissues. Severe autoimmune diseases are amenable to autologous transplantation (reviewed in Sullivan KM et al., Am. Soc. Hematol, Educ.Program Book,1998:198- 214).
  • BM bone ma ⁇ ow
  • PB peripheral blood
  • CB cord blood
  • Ex vivo treatment will consist of short-term incubation of BM or PB stem cells with one or several of the selected photoactive compounds. Duration of incubation, cell concentration and drug molarity will be determined for each patient using an aliquot of the harvested cell population. Excess of dyes will be removed by cell washes in sterile dye free medium supplemented with 2% autologous serum. Cells will next be exposed to radiant energy of sufficient intensities to effect photodynamic purging of immunoreactive cells, which mediate the immunologic disorder. Administration of photodynamically treated cells to patients
  • Hematopoietic stem cells that are photodynamically treated will be stored (frozen or kept in culture). This approach will enable the elimination of a large number of activated lymphocytes and other cells involved in the immunologic disorder. In addition, cells spared by the photodynamic treatment are unactivated and their reinfusion may help restore normal immunologic equilibrium. Following stem cell harvest, patient will be either treated with conventional regimens until autografting is clinically indicated or immediately submitted to dose-intensive chemotherapy and total body i ⁇ adiation where indicated.
  • cryopreserved ma ⁇ ow or peripheral blood stem cells will be rapidly thawed and infused to the patient.
  • Rhodamine B methyl ester 1.73 g (3.50 mmol) was dissolved in 250 ml of dichromethane and 100 ml of water. Excess NaBH 4 (solid) was added in portion with vigorous stirring, during 30 min, until the initial dark red colour was discharged. The pale orange organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase extracted twice with dicholoromethane. The combined organic layers were dried on Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue purified by flash chromatography using ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent. Fractions containing the product were combined and the solvent evaporated to afford the product 2 as a pink oil (1.50 g).
  • Rhodamine B hexyl ester (5) 940 mg (1.66 mmol) was dissolved in 200 ml of dichromethane and 150 ml of water. Excess NaBH (solid) was added in portion with vigorous stirring, during 30 min, until the initial dark red colour was discharged. The pale orange organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase extracted twice with dicholoromethane. The combined organic layers were dried on Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and, evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude oil residue was purified by flash chromatography using ethyl acetate as eluent giving 794 mg of 6 as a pinkish oil.
  • dihydrorhodamine B hexyl ester (6) 784 mg (1.48 mmol) and 25 ml of methanol spectrograde. The mixture was sti ⁇ ed at room temperature until all the ester was dissolved. Propylene oxide 2 eq. (208 ⁇ L, 2.96 mmol) was added followed by dropwise addition of bromine 2 eq. (152 ⁇ L, 2.96 mmol). The stirring was continued at room temperature for 1 h 30 min.
  • Rhodamine 110 1.00 g (2.72 mmol) was added a mixture of anhydrous DMF and dichloromethane (60 ml .TO ml) and the mixture was sti ⁇ ed until all the dye was dissolved.
  • 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) 562 mg (1 eq., 2.72 mmol) was added followed by HOBT 368 mg (1 eq., 2.72 mmol), 2-(2-methoxy ethoxy) ethanol 518 ⁇ L (1.60 eq. , 4.36 mmol) and 33 mg (0.27 mmol) of 4-dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP).
  • DCC 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • Rhodamine B 300 mg (0.62 mmol) was added 5 ml of dichloromethane and the mixture was sti ⁇ ed until all the dye was dissolved.
  • DCC 1,3- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • Rhodamine B 500 mg (1.04 mmol) was dissolved in 25 ml of acetic acid and 25 ml of water. Bromine 107 ⁇ L (2 eq., 2.08 mmol) was then added dropwise and the reaction mixture was then sti ⁇ ed at room temperature overnight. The water and the acetic acid were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue obtained was redissolved in dichloromethane and 10% aqueous solutin of sodium bicarbonate.
  • Methanolysis and concomitant oxidation of monobromolactone 2 ⁇ is ca ⁇ ied out by first stirring a mixture of 3-4 mmoles the compound in lOOmL of methanol while bubbling in a fine stream of anhydrous HCl gas for a period of 45 min and then heating the mixture to reflux overnight. The methanol is then evaporated under reduced pressure and the dark red residue purified by flash chromatography to afford the desired dark red product 22.
  • a mixture of 53mmol dibromolactone 20 and 53mmol of ethynyltrimethylsilane, 300mg of friphenyl phosphine and 150mg of palladium(II) acetate is prepared in 100ml of deaerated anhydrous triethylamine at 30-40°C. The mixture is then heated under argon at 90-100°C for 22 hours The mixture is cooled and filtered to give the desired impure trimethylsilyl derivative of 25. Treatment with potassium carbonate at 25°C for 16 hours followed by neutralization gives lactone 25 after purification by flash chromatography. (See W.B. Austin, N. Bilow, W.J. Kelleghan, and K.S.Y. Lau, J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2280-2286; S. Takahashi, Y. Kuroyama, K. Sonogashira, N. Hagihara, Synthesis, 1980, 627-630)
  • Bacterial was grown overnight in Lubria Broth medium (LB), 100 ⁇ l ( ⁇ 1 x 10 7 bacteria) of each bacterial suspension was added to 4 ml of LB medium, a small aliquot ofthe bacterial suspension was taken out for bacterial titer prior to treatment expressed as CFU/mL (colony forming units per mL).
  • CFU/mL colony forming units per mL
  • To the bacterial suspension was added the rhodamines derivatives, each derivative being tested in duplicate at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M. Each mixture of bacteria rhodamine derivative was incubated at 37°C for 40 minutes.
  • the bacteria-rhodamine suspensions were then treated and exposed to a 514 nm wavelength light for 180 minutes, for a total output energy of 30 Joules/cm 2 . Following the treatment time, the bacteria-rhodamine suspensions were centrifuged at 3000g, resuspended in 4 ml and serial dilutions were performed for each duplicate. 10 ⁇ L of the diluted bacterial suspensions were plated, the plates incubated overnight at 37°C. The bacteriostatic effect is expressed by the number of CFU/mL.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa The protocol used for the bacteriosidic inactivation was performed as described in Brasseur and coll. with few modifications for bacteriosidic potential assessment (Brasseur et al, 2000). Compound TH9402 showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa using the following experimental procedure.
  • Bacterial was grown overnight in Lubria Broth medium (LB), 100 ⁇ l ( ⁇ 1 x 10 7 bacteria) of each bacterial suspension was added to 4 ml of LB medium, a small aliquot ofthe bacterial suspension was taken out for bacterial titer prior to treatment expressed as CFU/mL.
  • To the bacterial suspension was added the rhodamines derivatives, each derivative being tested in duplicate at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M. Each mixture of bacteria rhodamine derivative was incubated at 37°C for 40 minutes. The bacteria-rhodamine suspensions were then treated and exposed to a 514 nm wavelength light for 180 minutes, for a total output energy of 30 Joules/cm 2 .
  • the bacteria-rhodamine suspensions were centrifuged at 3000g, resuspended in 4 ml and serial dilutions were performed for each duplicate. 10 ⁇ L of the diluted bacterial suspensions were plated, the plates incubated overnight at 37°C. The bacteriostatic effect is expressed by the number of CFU/mL.
  • Salmonella typhimurium The protocol used for the bacteriosidic inactivation was performed as described in Brasseur and coll. with few modifications for bacteriosidic potential assessment (Brasseur et al, 2000). Compounds TH9402, HA-X-44 and HA-X-164 showed antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium using the following experimental procedure.
  • Bacterial was grown overnight in Lubria Broth medium (LB), 100 ⁇ l ( ⁇ 1 x 10 7 bacteria) of each bacterial suspension was added to 4 ml of LB medium, a small aliquot ofthe bacterial suspension was taken out for bacterial titer prior to treatment expressed as CFU/mL.
  • To the bacterial suspension was added the rhodamines derivatives, each derivative being tested in duplicate at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M. Each mixture of bacteria rhodamine derivative was incubated at 37°C for 40 minutes. The bacteria-rhodamine suspensions were then treated and exposed to a 514 nm wavelength light for 180 minutes, for a total output energy of 30 Joules/cm 2 .
  • the bacteria-rhodamine suspensions were centrifuged at 3000g, resuspended in 4 ml and serial dilutions were performed for each duplicate. 10 ⁇ L of the diluted bacterial suspensions were plated, the plates incubated overnight at 37°C. The bacteriostatic effect is expressed by the number of CFU/mL. Staphilococcus epidermitis
  • Bacterial was grown overnight in Lubria Broth medium (LB), 100 ⁇ l ( ⁇ 1 x 10 bacteria) of each bacterial suspension was added to 4 ml of LB medium, a small aliquot ofthe bacterial suspension was taken out for bacterial titer prior to treatment expressed as CFU/mL. To the bacterial suspension was added the rhodamines derivatives, each derivative being tested in duplicate at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M.
  • the bacteria-rhodamine suspensions were centrifuged at 3000g, resuspended in 4 ml and serial dilutions were performed for each duplicate. 10 ⁇ L of the diluted bacterial suspensions were plated, the plates incubated overnight at 37°C. The bacteriostatic effect is expressed by the number of
  • Staphilococcus epidermitis The protocol used for the bacteriosidic inactivation was performed as described in Brasseur and coll. with few modifications for bacteriosidic potential assessment (Brasseur et al, 2000). Compounds HA-X-171 and HA-VIII-92 showed antibacterial activity against S. epidermitis using the same experimental procedure except that a concentration of 10 ⁇ M was used in the experimental procedure.
  • To the bacterial suspension was added the rhodamines derivatives, each derivative being tested in duplicate at a concentration of 10 ⁇ M. Each mixture of bacteria rhodamine derivative was incubated at 37°C for 40 minutes. The bacteria-rhodamine suspensions were then treated and exposed to a 514 nm wavelength light for 180 minutes, for a total output energy of 30 Joules/cm 2 .
  • the bacteria-rhodamine suspensions were centrifuged at 3000g, resuspended in 4 ml and serial dilutions were performed for each duplicate. 10 ⁇ L of the diluted bacterial suspensions were plated, the plates incubated overnight at 37°C. The bacteriostatic effect is expressed by the number of CFU/mL.
  • S. epidermitis was grown overnight in Lubria Broth medium (LB), 100 ⁇ l ( «1 x 10 7 bacteria) of each bacterial suspension added to 4 ml of LB medium. A small aliquot ofthe bacterial suspension was taken out for bacterial titer prior to treatment. To the bacterial suspension was added the rhodamines derivatives, the derivative being tested in duplicate at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M. Each mixture of bacteria rhodamine derivative was incubated at 37°C for 40 minutes. The bacterial suspensions were then centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 minutes, resuspended in 4 mL LB media and incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C to allow extrusion of the derivatives.
  • LB Lubria Broth medium
  • 100 ⁇ l «1 x 10 7 bacteria
  • the bacteria rhodamines suspensions were then treated and exposed to a 514 nm wavelength light for 180 minutes, for a total output energy of 30 Joules/cm 2 . Following the treatment time, serial dilutions were performed for each duplicate and 10 ⁇ L of the diluted bacterial suspension was plated, the plates incubated overnight at 37°C. The bacteriostasic effect is expressed by the number of colony forming units/mL.
  • the antiviral assay was performed as described in Lin, L (2001). Human diploid fibroblast, foreskin cells (FS), were used in this assay. The anti-viral activity of rhodamines derivatives were tested and results showed that all compounds, HA-X- 40, HA-X-149, HA-X-164, HA-X-171 and HA-VIII-92 followed by PDT treatment possess antiviral activity against Cytomegalovirus.
  • FS cells were grown to confluency in shell vials. At the time of infection 2.5- 3.5xl0 5 cells were growing on each coverslip.
  • the CMV (AD169) stock solution containing 1 mL of virus were quickly thawed, seeded and diluted following 100 fold dilutions in MEM (Earle's salt) supplemented with L-glutamine and 2% FBS, total volume 30ml.
  • the titer of the virus have been determined at 10 "2 (10 4 TCID 50 ) plaque forming units (pfu) in 0.2ml. Therefore lmL used in the PDT experiments represents 1.4xl0 5 pfu. A M.O.I, of 0.4 - 0.5 of CMV was used throughout this experiment.
  • the plates containing no rhodamines derivatives were treated with light in parallel to the non-light treated plates.
  • the concentration used throughout the assay for the rhodamines derivatives was maintained at 50 uM.
  • the plates were placed into the Theralux L6.30 device and illuminated for 180 minutes with 210rpm agitation.
  • the energy output was measured to be 30 Joules/cm 2 .
  • the non-PDT plate was placed into a 37°C incubator for the same amount of time. Following this treatment time, dilutions were made and inoculated with the FS cells under centrifugation (2000g, 60 minutes).
  • the cells are incubated 60 minutes at 37oC , 5% CO2, then are washed with the culture media and mcubated for 18-24 hours at 37°C at 5% CO 2 . Inoculation volume of each dilution was 0.2ml, the dilutions made were 10 " to 10 "5 in duplicate.
  • the cells were fixed, removed from the vials and stained with labelled FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) Mab to CMV immediate early antigen.
  • FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate
  • One fluorescent virus particle (kidney-shaped) represents one plaque forming unit.
  • the antiviral assay was performed as described in Lin, L (2001). Human diploid fibroblast, foreskin cells (FS), were used in this assay. The anti-viral activity of rhodamines derivatives were tested and results showed that compounds, TH9402 and HA-X-44 did not need PDT treatment to possess antiviral activity against Cytomegalovirus.
  • FS cells were grown to confluency in shell vials. At the time of infection 2.5- 3.5xl0 5 cells were growing on each coverslip.
  • the CMV (AD169) stock solution containing 1 mL of virus were quickly thawed, seeded and diluted following 100 fold dilutions in MEM (Earle's salt) supplemented with L-glutamine and 2% FBS, total volume 30ml.
  • the titer of the virus have been determined at 10 "2 (10 4 TCID50) plaque forming units (pfu) in 0.2ml. Therefore ImL used in the PDT experiments represents 1.4x10 5 pfu.
  • a M.O.I, of 0.4 - 0.5 of CMV was used throughout this experiment.
  • the plates containing no rhodamines derivatives were treated with light in parallel to the non-light treated plates.
  • the concentration used throughout the assay for the rhodamines derivatives was maintained at 50 uM. Following the addition of the derivatives to the viral stock solution, dilutions were made and inoculated with the FS cells under centrifugation (2000g, 60 minutes).
  • the cells are mcubated 60 mintues at 37oC , 5% CO2, then are washed with the culture media and incubated for 18-24 hours at 37°C at 5% CO 2 . Inoculation volume of each dilution was 0.2ml, the dilutions made were 10 "3 to 10 "5 in duplicate.
  • the cells were fixed, removed from the vials and stained with labelled FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) Mab to CMV immediate early antigen.
  • FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate
  • One fluorescent virus particle (kidney-shaped) represents one plaque forming unit.

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Abstract

Cette invention concerne des nouveaux composés représentés par la formule (I) Dans cette formule, un de R1, R2, R3, R4, et (R10)n représente un atome d'halogène et chacun de R1, R2, R3, R4 de chacun de groupe R10 restant est pris indépendamment dans le groupe comprenant hydrogène, des atomes d'halogène, un groupe amino, acylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, azacycloalkyle, alkylcycloalkylamino, aroylamino, diarylamino, arylalkylamino, aralkylamino, alkylaralkylamino, arylaralkylamino, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, aralkylthio, carboxyle, alkoxycarbonyle, aryloxycarbonyle, aralkoxycarbonyle, carbamoyle, alkylcarbamoyle, dialkylcarbamoyle, cyano, hydroxysulfonyle, amidosulfonyle, dialkylamidosulfonyle, arylalkylamidosulfonyle, formyle, acyle, aroyle, alkyle, alkylène, alcényle, aryle, aralkyle, vinyle, alcényle et par les groupes substitués correspondants; - m vaut 0 - 1; n vaut 1-4, A est nul, O, ou NH; R9 représente un groupe alkylène; -Z est H, un sel amino, dialkylamino, ou trialkylamino; X- est un anion; R5, R6, R7 et R8 sont indépendamment H ou alkyle en C1-C6 ou R1 en combinaison avec R5 ou R6, ou R2 en combinaison avec R5 ou R6, ou R3 en combinaison avec R7 ou R8, ou R4 en combinaison avec R7 ou R8 représente un alkylène, seul ou en association avec un excipient phrarmaceutiquement acceptable. Ces composés, qui sont utiles comme intermédiaires, comme bactéricides et comme agent antiviral, conviennent bien pour le traitement de troubles de l'immunologie.
PCT/CA2002/000438 2001-04-02 2002-03-27 Derives halogenes de la rhodamine et leurs applications WO2002079183A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXPA02011638A MXPA02011638A (es) 2001-04-02 2002-03-27 Derivados de rodamina halogenados y aplicaciones de los mismos.
BRPI0204489A BRPI0204489B8 (pt) 2001-04-02 2002-03-27 "derivado de rodamina, composição farmacêutica, intermediário, e, processo para a síntese de novos derivados rodamina".
JP2002577810A JP4647187B2 (ja) 2001-04-02 2002-03-27 ハロゲン化ローダミン誘導体およびその適用
CA002410273A CA2410273C (fr) 2001-04-02 2002-03-27 Derives halogenes de la rhodamine et leurs applications
US10/297,088 US7560574B2 (en) 2001-04-02 2002-03-27 Halogenated rhodamine derivatives and applications thereof
EP02708105A EP1276734A1 (fr) 2001-04-02 2002-03-27 Derives halogenes de la rhodamine et leurs applications
US12/403,819 US20090176869A1 (en) 2001-04-02 2009-03-13 Halogenated Rhodamine Derivatives and Applications Thereof
US12/786,280 US20110021616A1 (en) 2001-04-02 2010-05-24 Halogenated rhodamine derivatives and applications thereof
US13/157,105 US8383672B2 (en) 2001-04-02 2011-06-09 Halogenated rhodamine derivatives and applications thereof
US13/752,204 US9636363B2 (en) 2001-04-02 2013-01-28 Halogenated rhodamine derivatives and applications thereof

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US82222301A 2001-04-02 2001-04-02
US09/822,223 2001-04-02
CA002342675A CA2342675A1 (fr) 2001-04-02 2001-04-02 Derives halogenes de rhodamine et applications de ces composes
CA2,342,675 2001-04-02

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US12/403,819 Division US20090176869A1 (en) 2001-04-02 2009-03-13 Halogenated Rhodamine Derivatives and Applications Thereof

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WO2005053743A1 (fr) * 2003-12-05 2005-06-16 Université de Montréal Composes immunologique destines a la protection, a la prevention ou au traitement de troubles immunologiques, d'infections et du cancer
CN103183657A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2013-07-03 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 一种罗丹明酯化衍生物的合成方法
RU2527519C2 (ru) * 2010-06-24 2014-09-10 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Митотех" Мягкие катионные митохондриальные разобщители
EP3058957A1 (fr) 2015-02-19 2016-08-24 Kiadis Pharma Intellectual Property BV Traitement photodynamique amélioré et produit ainsi obtenu
CN106632215A (zh) * 2016-11-17 2017-05-10 陕西师范大学 一种荧光蛋白质染色剂及其制备方法和应用

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WO2010067078A2 (fr) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-17 Wista Laboratories Ltd. Sels de xanthylium disubstitués en 3 et 6
WO2019168198A1 (fr) * 2018-03-02 2019-09-06 国立大学法人 東京大学 Nouvelles rhodamines non fluorescentes
JP7307653B2 (ja) * 2018-11-26 2023-07-12 保土谷化学工業株式会社 キサンテン系色素、該色素を含有する着色組成物、カラーフィルター用着色剤およびカラーフィルター

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005053743A1 (fr) * 2003-12-05 2005-06-16 Université de Montréal Composes immunologique destines a la protection, a la prevention ou au traitement de troubles immunologiques, d'infections et du cancer
JP2007513096A (ja) * 2003-12-05 2007-05-24 ユニヴェルシテ ドゥ モントリオール 免疫疾患、感染症および癌の阻止、保護、予防または治療のための免疫学的化合物
JP4901479B2 (ja) * 2003-12-05 2012-03-21 ユニヴェルシテ ドゥ モントリオール 免疫疾患、感染症および癌の阻止、保護、予防または治療のための免疫学的化合物
RU2527519C2 (ru) * 2010-06-24 2014-09-10 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Митотех" Мягкие катионные митохондриальные разобщители
CN103183657A (zh) * 2011-12-31 2013-07-03 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 一种罗丹明酯化衍生物的合成方法
EP3058957A1 (fr) 2015-02-19 2016-08-24 Kiadis Pharma Intellectual Property BV Traitement photodynamique amélioré et produit ainsi obtenu
US10577584B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2020-03-03 Kiadis Pharma Intellectual Property Bv Photodynamic process and product obtained therefrom
CN106632215A (zh) * 2016-11-17 2017-05-10 陕西师范大学 一种荧光蛋白质染色剂及其制备方法和应用

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