WO2002077536A1 - Appareil de ventilation, de deshumidification et de recuperation de chaleur - Google Patents

Appareil de ventilation, de deshumidification et de recuperation de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002077536A1
WO2002077536A1 PCT/FI2002/000204 FI0200204W WO02077536A1 WO 2002077536 A1 WO2002077536 A1 WO 2002077536A1 FI 0200204 W FI0200204 W FI 0200204W WO 02077536 A1 WO02077536 A1 WO 02077536A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
heat exchanger
recuperative
regenerative
indoor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2002/000204
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002077536B1 (fr
Inventor
Kari Moilala
Original Assignee
Mg Innovations Corp.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI20010544A external-priority patent/FI20010544A0/fi
Application filed by Mg Innovations Corp. filed Critical Mg Innovations Corp.
Priority to JP2002575545A priority Critical patent/JP2004530093A/ja
Publication of WO2002077536A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002077536A1/fr
Publication of WO2002077536B1 publication Critical patent/WO2002077536B1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/006—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an air-to-air heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/08—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with separate ducts for supplied and exhausted air with provisions for reversal of the input and output systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
    • F24F2003/1446—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only by condensing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F2012/008—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air cyclic routing supply and exhaust air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1004—Bearings or driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/104—Heat exchanger wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1068—Rotary wheel comprising one rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1084—Rotary wheel comprising two flow rotor segments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for air ventilation, drying and heat recovery, which consists of air ventilation and recuperative and regenerative heat exchangers, by means of which indoor air is dried with high efficiency using outdoor air.
  • Air dehumidifi- cation involves a problem at objects such as public swimming baths, spas, saunas and shower rooms, various objects of the processing industry, underground rooms, laundries, kitchens, bakeries and any other processes involving moisture in abundance.
  • objects such as public swimming baths, spas, saunas and shower rooms, various objects of the processing industry, underground rooms, laundries, kitchens, bakeries and any other processes involving moisture in abundance.
  • Air dehumidification may be performed by
  • High (recuperative) efficiency of plate heat exchangers is achieved with a large heat exchange surface. In the optimal case, the efficiency is about 70%. If the exhaust air is moist, it will condense into water on the heat exchanger surface, and at tempera- tures below zero, freezing water may obstruct and break the heat exchanger. To prevent damage, air can be heated, and then the annual efficiency will decrease. A heat exchanger dries air only when its surface temperature is below the dew point.
  • Two types of regenerative heat exchangers can be distinguished: - a rotating heat exchanger, whose efficiency can be varied with the speed of rotation of the disc, and
  • regenerative heat exchangers are better than recuperative heat exchangers, but on the other hand, they return moisture from exhaust air to supply air. As a rule, the better the temperature efficiency, the more moisture is returned. Freezing can be decreased with a lower speed of rotation and shorter cycles.
  • the purpose of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of heat exchangers mentioned above and to provide a system in which indoor air can be dried using outdoor air with high energy efficiency in cold outdoor conditions without using a heat pump.
  • air at a given temperature may contain a specific maximum amount of water vapour. This is referred to as air saturated with water vapour. If air moisture is added at this stage or the air temperature drops, any excess moisture will be condensed from the air as liquid droplets. The temperature at which water starts separating from air is called the dew point. Since energy cannot disappear from cooled air, it will pass to the condensate surface, resulting in the heating of this.
  • the condition of mixed air is on the joint line of the states of air flows to be mixed.
  • the mixing point is inversely proportional, so that the mixing point is closer to the point of the larger mass flow. If the mixing point of warm and moist indoor air and cool outdoor air gets to the right of the saturation curve, water vapour will condense. In heating, the absolute humidity of air remains constant, but the relative humidity will drop. In this situation, we move upwards on the constant moisture line in the Mollier Diagram.
  • the temperature of the adsorption surface should be below the dew point for water to condense and air to cool and dry.
  • the entire air quantity should be replaced from once to three times an hour.
  • the target temperature of pleasant indoor air is 30 °C, and the temperature difference between cool replacement air and indoor air should not exceed 12 °C. for reasons of comfort and moisture stresses exerted on constructions, about 60% should be considered the upper limit of relative humidity.
  • a value of 0.1 m/s is suitable for the air rate, and in whirlpools, for instance, an air rate in the range 0.2-0.3 m/s is suitable with a water temperature of 35 °C.
  • a swimming bath differs from ordinary indoor spaces mainly by the fact that water in great amounts is continually evaporated from the pool and the wet surfaces into the air. Unless this evaporated water is re- moved, indoor air moisture will increase, and at a certain point, it will start condensing at the poorest isolated location, usually a window. To prevent condensation, it is usually desirable to maintain a slight under-pressure in the pool for moisture and chlorine not to be transferred to other parts of the building and to the wall structures. Swimmers are very lightly dressed, barefoot and wet even before swimming, so that intense evaporation binds heat, and the swimmers will feel cold unless the air temperature and the relative humidity are suitable.
  • Ventilation planning should also consider whether the object is an ordinary swimming bath or a spa comprising whirlpool baths and similar factors increasing the moisture load. If the swimming baths has an audience stand, separate air separation is usually called for so that moist and chlorine-containing pool air is prevented from passing to the audience. Planning should also consider varied conditions of use at different hours of the day, for instance.
  • the ratio of wet surface to pool surface is 1.5:1, there is 1 person/4 m 2 of pool and in addition, there is 1 person with wet surface/10 m 2 of the bath premises.
  • regenerative heat transfer involves the paradox that, when high efficiency and non-freezing conditions are desired, the amount of moisture returned by the apparatus from exhaust air into supply air increases as the warm/cold cycles are shortened. In moist and hot outdoor conditions, this is a significant advantage, but at temperatures below zero, moist and warm indoor spaces cause a problem. Consequently, efficiency and moisture recovery are inverse properties. Because of these properties, regenerative systems are not efficient in moist indoor spaces. However, regenerative heat exchangers have a property that recuperative heat exchangers do not have: they do not freeze as easily as recuperative heat exchangers, not even at temperatures well below zero, when correctly used. In addition, the temperature efficiency of regenerative heat exchangers can easily be varied between 0 and maximum.
  • regenerative heat exchangers with alternating flow may have good temperature efficiency of about 88% even at temperatures below zero.
  • the invention of FI patent specification 100133 achieves the following benefits (on the basis of the tests VTT/4 October 1995; RTE10406/95 and SI TEF/1982-08-11/STF15 F 82029, 1982-0528/150164, among other tests): 1) extremely high temperature efficiency (tests VTT: 87.8%; SINTEF: 98%) 2) In hot (above 30 °C) and moist (relative humidity above 80%) outdoor conditions, the apparatus even cools indoor air by 3-5 °C without supplementary energy. 3) Correctly used, the heat recovery cell system does not freeze. 4) Low connection power. 5) 38-67% balancing of the relative humidity of indoor air.
  • the purpose of the invention is to cool indoor air with outdoor air in a regenerative heat exchanger.
  • the regenerative heat exchanger is controlled in such a way that the cell system still does not freeze.
  • Indoor air that has been cooled in this manner is led to a recuperative heat exchanger, the temperature being at least above zero to avoid freezing of the cell system. Moist and warm indoor air reaching the recuperative heat exchanger will be cooled below the dew point and will thus be dried. Since the recuperative heat exchanger does not return moisture indoors, the air drying occur- ring within it can be completely utilised, unlike regenerative heat exchangers. Heated outdoor air is conducted indoors and not dried indoor air is conducted outdoors.
  • the apparatus for air ventilation, drying and heat recovery of the invention is characterised by the features defined in the characterising part of the claims.
  • FI patent specification A 895354 (F24F 12/00) merely comprises temperature control of the air flows in a regenerative heat exchanger.
  • the problem of air drying at tempera- tures below zero because the apparatus returns moisture indoors.
  • This problem is solved by the invention with high energy efficiency by using a recuperative heat exchanger alongside other means for the actual drying after the heat of indoor air has been recirculated indoors along with fresh outdoor air.
  • the apparatus of the invention is straightforward and inexpensive, because it has one single fan and one single control system, instead of two.
  • the system is silent, lightweight, easy to service and re- liable, and it does not contain any hazardous substances.
  • the apparatus for air ventilation, drying and heat recovery is formed of a recuperative 1 and a regenerative 2 heat exchanger, supply 3 and exhaust air 4 ducts leading to the indoor space, supply 5 and exhaust air 6 ducts leading outdoors, and an air duct 7 leading from the regenerative 2 to the recuperative 1 heat exchanger and an air duct 8 leading from the recuperative 1 to the regenerative 2 heat exchanger.
  • the air flows are shown with arrows, with outdoor air indicated with a broken line and indoor air with an unbroken line. Cool outdoor air is conducted from the supply duct 5 first to the regenerative heat exchanger 2. Then outdoor air is conducted through the air duct 7 to the recuperative heat exchanger 1, from where outdoor air finally is conducted indoors via the supply duct 3.
  • Indoor air to be dried is conducted through the exhaust duct 4 to the recuperative heat exchanger 1, and then through the air duct 8 to the regenerative heat exchanger 2.
  • outdoor air cools indoor air, and subsequently indoor air is exhausted through the exhaust duct 6.
  • indoor air releases its heat to outdoor air.
  • Outdoor air transferred from the regenerative heat exchanger 2 to the recuperative heat exchanger 1 has a temperature such that outdoor air results in condensation, i.e. drying of indoor air in the recuperative heat exchanger 1.
  • the temperature of outdoor air may be lower or at the most equal to the dew point temperature of indoor air. With this arrangement, it is ensured that moist indoor air is condensed and consequently dried.
  • the temperature of outdoor air in the recuperative heat exchanger 1 is not allowed to be so low that it causes freezing of the recuperative heat exchanger 1. If necessary, the correct temperature is achieved in the regenerative heat exchanger 2 by varying its efficiency, for instance, with changes of the rotation speed of the rotating device and the length of the warm and cold cycles of the heat accumulating mass in the flow-inversing device.
  • air transferred from the regenerative 2 to the recuperative 1 heat exchanger has a temperature of about + 18 °C with 80% efficiency, this temperature being high enough to dry the air, because air at + 28 °C and with 55 % relative humidity has a dew point of about 18 °C; thus the arrangement has almost optimal efficiency while ensuring supply of fresh indoor air.
  • the system can be combined with conventional cooling, with an evaporator 11 acting as a drier mounted in the supply duct 3 and a condenser 10 in the exhaust duct 6.
  • a condenser may have been mounted also for heating water, for instance.
  • Water condensed in the heat exchangers is conducted in pipe 9 to the drain, a separate receiver or to a swimming pool, for instance.
  • a separate receiver At swimming baths, there is much warm waste water from the showers, among other things. This warm waste water can be utilised in absorption cooling, which can replace a conventional refrigeration compressor. All the test have proved that the invention yields extremely high efficiency rates, allowing air to be dried merely by means of cool out- door air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil de ventilation, de séchage et de récupération de chaleur, comprenant un échangeur thermique à récupération (1) et à régénération (2) de chaleur, ainsi que des conduites d'alimentation en air et d'évacuation d'air permettant une circulation de l'air entre les sections intérieur et extérieur. La chaleur de l'air intérieur est transférée vers l'air extérieur dans un échangeur thermique à régénération (2) de chaleur, puis l'air extérieur ainsi que l'humidité sont acheminées de la section intérieure vers l'échangeur thermique à récupération (1) de chaleur. L'air extérieur acheminé vers l'échangeur thermique à récupération (1) de chaleur présente une température telle, que l'air extérieur génère de la condensation, c'est-à-dire le séchage de l'air intérieur dans l'échangeur thermique à récupération (1) de chaleur. Ensuite, l'air intérieur sec est évacué par l'échangeur thermique à régénération (2) d'air et l'air extérieur chaud est acheminé à l'intérieur, par l'échangeur thermique à récupération (1) de chaleur. Ce dispositif permet à l'air intérieur d'être remplacé par de l'air extérieur, pendant que l'air intérieur est séché avec de l'air extérieur libre, permettant ainsi d'obtenir une efficacité de séchage d'air sensiblement renforcée.
PCT/FI2002/000204 2001-03-19 2002-03-14 Appareil de ventilation, de deshumidification et de recuperation de chaleur WO2002077536A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002575545A JP2004530093A (ja) 2001-03-19 2002-03-14 換気、除湿および熱回収装置

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20010544A FI20010544A0 (fi) 2001-03-19 2001-03-19 Ilman kuivaus- ja lämmön talteenottolaite
FI20010544 2001-03-19
FI20020349 2002-02-22
FI20020349A FI115319B (fi) 2001-03-19 2002-02-22 Ilman vaihto-, kuivaus- ja lämmön talteenottolaite

Publications (2)

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WO2002077536A1 true WO2002077536A1 (fr) 2002-10-03
WO2002077536B1 WO2002077536B1 (fr) 2002-12-27

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WO (1) WO2002077536A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101846376A (zh) * 2010-05-25 2010-09-29 汪祥 一种组合式新风系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101385584B1 (ko) * 2013-10-30 2014-04-16 로지시스템(주) 지능형 전력망을 이용한 실내의 냉난방과 기압 자동 제어 시스템

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4557116A (en) * 1979-11-28 1985-12-10 Dectron Inc. Swimming pool dehumidifier
DE4226164A1 (de) * 1992-08-07 1994-02-10 Privates Inst Fuer Luft Und Ka Verfahren zur Klimagestaltung in Gebäuderäumen
US6083300A (en) * 1998-08-25 2000-07-04 Gas Research Institute Dual mode air treatment apparatus and method
WO2000046554A1 (fr) * 1999-02-03 2000-08-10 Barend Jan Marinus Hemmes Unite de ventilation
WO2001071260A1 (fr) * 2000-03-06 2001-09-27 Honeywell International Inc. Systeme de deshumidification a ventilation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4557116A (en) * 1979-11-28 1985-12-10 Dectron Inc. Swimming pool dehumidifier
DE4226164A1 (de) * 1992-08-07 1994-02-10 Privates Inst Fuer Luft Und Ka Verfahren zur Klimagestaltung in Gebäuderäumen
US6083300A (en) * 1998-08-25 2000-07-04 Gas Research Institute Dual mode air treatment apparatus and method
WO2000046554A1 (fr) * 1999-02-03 2000-08-10 Barend Jan Marinus Hemmes Unite de ventilation
WO2001071260A1 (fr) * 2000-03-06 2001-09-27 Honeywell International Inc. Systeme de deshumidification a ventilation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101846376A (zh) * 2010-05-25 2010-09-29 汪祥 一种组合式新风系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002077536B1 (fr) 2002-12-27
JP2004530093A (ja) 2004-09-30

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