WO2002068872A1 - Ensemble cathode et allumeur a plasma pourvu d'un tel ensemble cathode - Google Patents

Ensemble cathode et allumeur a plasma pourvu d'un tel ensemble cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002068872A1
WO2002068872A1 PCT/CN2002/000116 CN0200116W WO02068872A1 WO 2002068872 A1 WO2002068872 A1 WO 2002068872A1 CN 0200116 W CN0200116 W CN 0200116W WO 02068872 A1 WO02068872 A1 WO 02068872A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
pulverized coal
stage
pipe
burner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2002/000116
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Aisheng Wang
Hong Tang
Shuxin Ji
Yupeng Wang
Dong Tian
Gonglin Wang
Weiwu Ren
Xueyuan Chen
Ruihu Shao
Xiaoyong Zhang
Shuang Ma
Original Assignee
Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 01204455 external-priority patent/CN2473478Y/zh
Priority claimed from CN 02203117 external-priority patent/CN2521510Y/zh
Application filed by Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd. filed Critical Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority to DE60238470T priority Critical patent/DE60238470D1/de
Priority to AU2002237179A priority patent/AU2002237179B2/en
Priority to EP02703472A priority patent/EP1371905B1/en
Priority to CA2442356A priority patent/CA2442356C/en
Priority to JP2002567744A priority patent/JP3934554B2/ja
Priority to US10/469,048 priority patent/US7281478B2/en
Publication of WO2002068872A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002068872A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D1/00Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23QIGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q13/00Igniters not otherwise provided for
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/30Plasma torches using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3484Convergent-divergent nozzles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2207/00Ignition devices associated with burner
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a cathode of a plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler, and a plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler using the cathode.
  • This ignition device is used for ignition start of pulverized coal boiler and stable combustion at low load. It can also be used as the main burner of pulverized coal boiler.
  • the applicant's utility model patent No. 99248829.x discloses a plasma ignition device using an axial-flow two-stage powder feeding burner, but the burner has different degrees of coking, ablation, function, and coal combustion Single, unstable and other disadvantages.
  • the cathode of the device is a graphite rod, which has the disadvantages of slag dropping, short circuit, and unstable voltage during operation.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a combined cathode for a plasma ignition device.
  • a cathode a combined cathode for a plasma ignition device, which comprises a cathode head, a fastening nut, a conductive tube, a water inlet pipe, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a cathode end cover and It consists of a gasket, the cathode is welded to a copper fastening nut, the conductive tube and the nut are threaded, a water inlet tube is inserted at the other end of the conductive tube, and it is connected by welding or threading, perpendicular to the conductive tube A welding pipe is connected in the direction of welding to form a cooling system for the cathode, which is characterized in that a special arcing bush is added at the front end of the cathode, an alloy plate is used as the cathode plate, and a convergence-before-diffusion structure is used as the cathode. Cooling nozzle of the plate.
  • the combined cathode has the characteristics of automatic arc centering, stable voltage, long life, and small anode burnout during arcing under normal operating conditions, which greatly reduces the cost and improves the reliability of the plasma ignition device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler.
  • the plasma generator can continuously and stably operate, and at the same time, the pulverized coal burner is not easy to coke and burn, thereby obtaining a high stability.
  • the above object is achieved by a plasma ignition device that directly ignites a pulverized coal boiler.
  • the device is mainly composed of a plasma generator, a pulverized coal burner, and a direct current power source.
  • the plasma generator is mainly composed of a composite anode and the above combination.
  • the pulverized coal burner is mainly composed of a burner nozzle, a four-stage combustion tube, an air powder pipe fitting, and a primary air powder. It consists of an inlet pipe, a secondary air inlet pipe, a deflector, a high-temperature plasma duct, and an adjustable pulverized coal shading deflector.
  • the structure of the composite anode is in the form of a double nozzle, and the material of the anode body is a material with high thermal conductivity and high conductivity, and its oxide is also conductive, preferably a silver-based material.
  • the material of the tube may be a silver-based material or a copper material;
  • the combined cathode is mainly composed of a cathode head, an arc starting bushing, a fastening nut, a cathode plate, a cooling nozzle, an inlet pipe, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a conductive pipe, and a female It is composed of an extreme cover.
  • the cathode plate adopts a conical and cylindrical shape. It is connected to the cathode head by welding. Its material is a silver-based alloy.
  • the cooling nozzle adopts a convergent and diffuse structure.
  • the combined cathode uses a high-speed nozzle with enhanced cooling, which accelerates the heat transfer of the cathode and increases the life of the cathode.
  • the use of high-conductivity, high-thermal-conductivity materials, especially silver-based materials, as cathode plates greatly improves the life of the cathode.
  • the use of a composite anode changes the flow field of the plasma in the anode cavity, especially the axial component-based flow at the nozzle, thereby preventing the anode from being polluted by pulverized coal.
  • the anode increases the receiving area of the anode on the basis of the original nozzle, the receiving of electrons is completed inside the anode nozzle without interference from the external power field, which makes the output power of the device very stable. Since an arc line ⁇ is set on the outside of the composite anode, the length of the plasma flame is increased, and the pulverized coal ignition capacity is improved.
  • the step-up amplification ignition method has greatly improved the output of the burner and reduced energy consumption.
  • the secondary air is used to achieve the film cooling of the first stage burner, second stage burner, third stage burner, and fourth stage burner.
  • the wall temperature of the combustion cylinder is lowered below the ash melting point temperature to avoid coking. Oxygen supplementation in the third-stage combustor through the flow of light coal powder and secondary air supplementation in the fourth-stage combustor enhanced the combustion and increased the rigidity of the flame.
  • the plasma ignition device of the present invention has a large output, does not coke, High combustion efficiency, strong flame rigidity, and can ignite various coal types. Because this device solves the key technology of the high-power continuous and stable operation of the plasma generator, it can be widely used in industrial pulverized coal boilers, replacing the traditional methods of industrial boilers using fuel oil to start, ignite and stabilize combustion, thereby saving a lot of oil Resources.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulverized coal burner of a plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined cathode of a plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite anode of a plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a plasma generator of a plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a working principle diagram of the plasma generator shown in FIG. 6.
  • Second-stage combustor deflector 602 Combined cathode
  • a combined cathode for a plasma ignition device includes a cathode head 301, a fastening nut, a conductive pipe 304, a water inlet pipe 308, a water inlet pipe 305, a water outlet pipe 307, and a cathode end cover 306.
  • the gasket 310, the cathode 301 is welded to a copper fastening nut, the conductive tube 304 and the nut are threaded, a water inlet tube 308 is inserted at the other end of the conductive tube 304, and welding or threading is used.
  • the method is connected, and a water outlet pipe 307 is connected by welding in a direction perpendicular to the conductive pipe 304 to form a cooling system for the cathode, which is characterized in that a special arcing bushing 311 is added at the front end of the cathode, and an alloy plate is used as the cathode plate.
  • a cathode plate cooling nozzle having a convergence-before-diffusion structure is connected to the water inlet pipe 308 by welding and placed in the center of the conductive pipe 304.
  • the arc starting bushing 311 is processed by using a graphite rod having a high melting point and a high electrical conductivity, and is fastened to the front end of the cathode head 301 and is flush with the cathode plate 302 by a thread method.
  • the cathode plate 302 is a silver-based alloy flat plate with high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity, and is connected to the cathode head 301 by brazing, and its surface is flush with the arcing bushing 311.
  • the flat cathode is used to center the arcing point automatically.
  • the cooling nozzle of the cathode cooling system uses In the nozzle structure, the liquid is accelerated at the throat of the nozzle, which improves the efficiency of cathode heat exchange and prolongs the service life of the cathode.
  • the plasma ignition device for directly igniting a pulverized coal boiler of the present invention is mainly composed of a plasma generator 102, a pulverized coal burner 101, and a plasma generator bracket 103.
  • the plasma generator 102 inserts its composite anode 604 into the first stage combustor 212 of the pulverized coal burner through a flange connection.
  • the plasma generator is mainly composed of a composite anode 604, a composite cathode 602, a linear motor 601, an electromagnetic coil 603, and an arcing line ⁇ 605 that is sheathed outside the outer casing of the composite anode 604.
  • the composite anode 604 is on the same coaxial line as the combined cathode 602, the composite anode is connected to the positive pole of the DC power source 508, and the combined cathode 602 is connected to the negative pole of the DC power source 508.
  • a linear motor is used to establish a plasma arc by pulling the cathode and anode in contact.
  • the structure of the composite anode is a double-nozzle structure, that is, the double-nozzle pipe structure is welded together, one end is welded with the anode nozzle 404, and the other end is welded with the anode base 406.
  • the anode body 405 is made of a material with high thermal conductivity and high conductivity, and its oxide is also conductive, such as a silver-based material.
  • the anode nozzle 404 material may be a silver-based material or a copper-based material.
  • the combined cathode is mainly composed of a cathode head 301, an arc starting bushing 311, a fastening nut, a cathode plate 302, a cooling nozzle 303, a conductive pipe 304, an inlet pipe 308, an inlet pipe 305, and an outlet pipe. 307.
  • the cathode end cap 306 is formed.
  • the cathode plate 302 has an inverted cone shape.
  • the material of the cathode plate 302 is a base alloy.
  • the cooling nozzle 303 has a first convergence and a diffusion structure.
  • the pulverized coal burner is mainly composed of a burner nozzle 201, a fourth stage burner 202, a third stage burner 204, a second stage burner inlet pipe 216, a primary air powder inlet pipe 217, and a secondary air
  • the inlet tube 209, the first stage combustor baffle plate 214, the second stage combustor baffle plate 219, and the third stage combustor pulverized coal passage 220 are formed.
  • the pulverized air mixture from the primary air powder entering the pipe 217 is divided into three by the adjustable pulverized coal shading deflector 218, and each enters the three-stage combustion cylinder for staged combustion; the secondary air from the secondary air entering the pipe 209
  • the wind is divided into three, and the outer wall of the first stage combustor 212, the outer wall of the third stage combustor 204, and the inner and outer walls of the fourth stage combustor 202 are respectively cooled and supplemented with oxygen.
  • the linear motor 507 When power is supplied to the DC power source 508, the linear motor 507 is started and moved forward, so that the combined cathode 506 is in contact with the anode 504, and the output current and the pressure of the pressure air into the tube 505 are set. As the cathode slowly leaves the anode, the arc voltage builds up. Because the arc voltage is a function of the distance between the two electrodes, the distance between the two electrodes needs to be determined according to the coal type to determine the voltage arc power.
  • the ionized air carries energy to form a plasma torch and enters the first stage combustor 212 of the pulverized coal burner, and then the dense pulverized coal passing through the first stage combustor into the tube 215 is ignited.
  • the pulverized coal carried by the primary air inlet pipe 217 enters the burner body in three ways through the adjustable pulverized coal thick and light deflector.
  • 20% of the pulverized coal passes through the first-stage combustion tube into the pipe and passes through the first-stage combustion tube
  • the deflector enters the first stage combustion cylinder and is ignited by the plasma torch.
  • 60% of the pulverized coal in the second pass enters the tube through the second stage combustor and enters the second stage combustor through the second stage combustor deflector.
  • 20% of the pulverized coal in the No. 3 road passes through the pulverized coal passage of the third-stage combustion cylinder through the primary air deflector and enters the third-stage combustion cylinder.
  • the secondary air enters the burner in two ways through the secondary air inlet pipe of the air powder pipe fittings.
  • the wind passes through the upper inlet of the outer tube of the first-stage combustor to cool the outer wall of the first-stage combustor for oxygen combustion.
  • the second wind passes through the secondary air passage to cool the outer wall of the third stage combustion cylinder and then divides into two paths, one of which enters the fourth stage combustion cylinder for oxygen supplemental combustion, and the other way cools the fourth stage combustion cylinder through the secondary air passage. After entering the furnace.
  • the high-temperature plasma duct provides a high-temperature plasma
  • the above 20% of the pulverized coal powder is immediately ignited, the flame further ignites 60% of the pulverized coal powder, and the remaining 20% of the pulverized coal powder is burned through the third stage.
  • the pulverized coal channel is mixed with the above-mentioned torch Burning. This part of the air powder flow also plays a role of cooling the second stage combustion cylinder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description

一种组合式阴极及使用这种阴极的等离子体点火装冒 技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种用于直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火 装置的阴极, 以及使用这种阴极的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体 点火装置。这种点火装置用于煤粉锅炉的点火启动及低负荷稳燃, 也可做煤粉锅炉的主燃烧器。
背景技术
传统工业煤粉锅炉的点火启动和低负荷稳燃需要依靠燃油。
1999年, 中国国家电力系统的煤粉锅炉油耗达 287万吨, 合人民 币近 100亿元。 自八十年代以来, 各国专家致力于采用等离子体 技术直接点燃煤粉的研究。 澳大利亚研制出了采用氮气保护电极 的燃烧烟煤的等离子体点火装置。 原苏联在这方面做过大量基础 研究工作,于 1996年及 1998年分别在宝鸡及韶关电厂做过试验, 但未获成功。 清华大学、 哈尔滨锅炉厂等单位都在这方面做过大 量研究工作。
国内外研制的上述各种直接点燃煤粉的等离子体点火装置, 在保证发生器的持续运行及防止燃烧器结焦等重大技术问题上没 有获得突破性进展, 从而影响了其推广应用。
本申请人的实用新型专利 No.99248829.x公开了一种采用轴 流式两级送粉燃烧器的等离子体点火装置, 但该燃烧器存在不同 程度的结焦、 烧蚀、 功能及燃烧煤种单一、 不稳定等缺点。 比如, 该装置的阴极为石墨棒, 在运行过程中存在掉渣、 短路、 电压不 稳等缺点 .
申请人为克服所述阴极的缺点, 申请了题为 "用于等离子体 点火装置的金属电极"实用新型专利 No.00245774.1。 该专利公开 的电极在使用过程中仍存在起弧时损伤阳极、 电压波动大、 阴极 寿命短、 造价昂贵等缺点, 这影响了等离子体点火装置的推广应 用。
实用新型内容
因此, 本实用新型的目的之一, 是提供一种用于等离子体点 火装置的组合式阴极。
该目的是通过这样一种阴极实现的: 一种用于等离子体点火 装置的组合式阴极, 它由阴极头、 紧固螺母、 导电管、 进水管、 进水导管、 出水管、 阴极端盖及密封垫片组成, 阴极头被焊接在 铜质的紧固螺母上, 导电管同螺母之间采用螺紋联接, 在导电管 另一端插入一个进水管, 并用焊接或用螺纹方法联接, 同导电管 垂直的方向上用焊接方式联接一个出水管, 对阴极形成一个冷却 系统, 其特征在于, 在阴极的前端增加一个专用起弧衬套, 采用 合金板材作为阴极板, 采用先收敛后扩散式结构作为阴极板的冷 却喷嘴。
这种组合式阴极在正常工作条件下具有电弧自动定心、 电压 稳定、 寿命长、 起弧过程中对阳极烧损小等特点, 大大降低了成 本, 提高了等离子体点火装置的可靠性。
本实用新型的另一个目的, 是提供一种直接点燃煤粉锅炉的 等离子体点火装置, 其等离子体发生器能持续稳定运行, 同时其 煤粉燃烧器不易结焦、 烧损, 从而获得很高的稳定性。
上述目的是通过一种直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装置 实现的, 该装置主要由等离子体发生器、 煤粉燃烧器和直流电源 构成, 其中等离子体发生器主要由复合式阳极、 上述组合式阴极、 电磁线圏、 套装在所述复合式阳极的外套的外部的输弧线圈和直 线电机构成, 煤粉燃烧器主要由燃烧器喷口、 四级燃烧筒、 风粉 管件、 一次风粉进入管、 二次风进入管、 导流板、 高温等离子体 导管、 可调煤粉浓淡导流板等组成。 根据本发明的一个优选实施例, 所述复合式阳极的结构为双 喷管形式, 阳极本体的材质为高导热、 高导电, 其氧化物也导电 的材料, 最好是银基材料, 阳极喷管材质可为银基材料或紫铜材 料; 所述组合式阴极主要由阴极头、 起弧衬套、 紧固螺母、 阴极 板、 冷却喷嘴、 进水管、 进水导管、 出水管、 导电管、 阴极端盖 构成, 阴极板采用锥形及柱形相贯的形状, 采用焊接方式联接在 阴极头上, 其材质为银基合金, 冷却喷嘴采用先收敛后扩散式结 构。
由于组合式阴极采用了强化冷却式的高速喷嘴, 加快了阴极 的热传递, 提高了阴极的寿命。 选用高导电、 高导热的材质, 尤 其是银基材料作为阴极板, 大大提高了阴极的寿命。
复合式阳极的采用改变了等离子体在阳极内腔的流场, 特别 是实现了喷口处以轴向分量为主的流动, 从而避免了煤粉对阳极 的污染。 另外, 由于阳极在原来喷管的基础上增加了阳极的接收 面积, 使电子的接收均在阳极喷管内部完成而不受外部动力场的 干扰, 使装置的输出功率十分稳定。 由于在复合式阳极外部套装 一个输弧线圏, 增加了等离子体火焰的长度, 提高了煤粉着火能 力。
另外, 由于采用多级轴向送粉及气膜冷却技术的多功能煤粉 燃烧器, 采用逐级放大点燃方式大大提高了本燃烧器的出力并且 降低了能耗, 本燃烧器除具有点火及稳燃功能外又具备了做主燃 烧器的条件: 采用了二次风分别对第一级燃烧筒、第二级燃烧筒、 第三级燃烧筒、 第四级燃烧筒实现了气膜冷却, 使燃烧筒壁温均 降至灰熔点温度以下, 避免了结焦。 在三级燃烧筒里通过淡煤粉 流的补氧及第四级燃烧筒内通过二次风补氧强化了燃烧并提高了 火焰的刚性。
因此, 本实用新型的等离子体点火装置具有出力大、 不结焦、 燃烧效率高、 火焰刚性强、 可点燃各种不同煤种等特点。 由于本 装置解决了等离子体发生器的大功率持续稳定运行的关键技术, 因此可以广泛应用于工业煤粉锅炉, 取代工业锅炉以燃油方式启 动、 点火及稳燃的传统方法, 从而节约大量的石油资源。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式进行详细说明。 附图中:
图 1是本实用新型的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装置 的结构示意图;
图 2是本实用新型的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装置 的煤粉燃烧器的结构示意图;
图 3是本实用新型的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装置 的组合式阴极的结构示意图;
图 4是本实用新型的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装置 的复合式阳极的结构示意图;
图 5是本实用新型的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装置 的工作原理示意图;
图 6是本实用新型的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装置 的等离子体发生器的示意图;
图 7是图 6所示等离子体发生器的工作原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本实用新型的具体实施方式。
现将附图中涉及的所有标记说明如下:
101 煤粉燃烧器 308 进水管
102 等离子体发生器 310 密封垫片
103 托架 311 起弧衬套
201 燃烧器喷口 312 导电片 202 第四级燃烧筒 401 密封圏
203 燃烧器外套 402 阴极外套
204 第三级燃烧筒 403 冷却水
205 二次风内套筒 404 阳极喷管
206 笫二级燃烧筒 405 阳极本体
207 风粉管件 406 阳极底座
208 第一次燃烧筒外套管 407 进水管
209 二次风进入管 408 出水管
210 一次风粉导流板 501 煤粉燃烧器
211 第一级燃烧筒法兰盘 502 二次风管
212 第一级燃烧筒 503 电磁线圏
213 高温等离子体导管 504 阳极
214 第一级燃烧筒导流板 505 压力空气进入管 215 第一级燃烧筒进入管 506 阴极
216 第二级燃烧筒进入管 507 直流电源
217 一次风粉进入管 508 一次风进入管 218 可调煤粉浓淡导流板 601 直线电机
219 第二级燃烧筒导流板 602 组合式阴极
220 第三级燃烧筒煤粉通道 603 电磁线圈
221 联接板 604 复合式阳极
222 二次风通道 605 输弧线圏
223 二次风通道 606 阳极进水管
301 阴极头 607 阳极出口管
302 阴极板 608 阴极进气管
303 冷却器 609 阴极出水管
304 阴极外套筒 610 阴极出水管
305 进水导管 12 起弧线圏 306 阴极端盖 14 压缩空气出口
307 出水管 15 绝缘套筒
如图 3所示, 一种用于等离子体点火装置的组合式阴极, 它 由阴极头 301、紧固螺母、导电管 304、进水管 308、进水导管 305、 出水管 307、 阴极端盖 306、 及密封垫片 310组成, 阴极头 301被 焊接在铜质的紧固螺母上,导电管 304同螺母之间采用螺紋联接, 在导电管 304另一端插入一个进水管 308, 并用焊接或用螺纹方 法联接, 同导电管 304垂直的方向上用焊接方式联接一个出水管 307, 对阴极形成一个冷却系统, 其特征在于, 在阴极的前端增加 一个专用起弧衬套 311, 采用合金板材作为阴极板 302, 具有先收 敛后扩散式结构的阴极板冷却喷嘴用焊接方式同进水管 308联接 并置于导电管 304中心。
根据一个优选实施例, 起弧衬套 311采用具有高熔点、 高导 电率的石墨棒加工而成, 采用螺紋方式紧固在阴极头 301前端并 同阴极板 302齐平。
根据另一个优选实施例, 阴极板 302采用具有高导热、 高导 电性能的银基合金平板并用钎焊的方法联接在阴极头 301上, 其 板面同起弧衬套 311齐平。平板式阴极的采用使起弧点自动定心。
在采用这种组合式阴极的等离子体发生器的工作过程中, 如 图 7所示, 当组合式阴极 602同阳极 603接触后, 启动直流电源 507, 并设置电流负荷, 当组合式阴极 602緩緩离开阳极 603后, 电弧首先在阳极 603同起弧衬套 311之间形成, 由于机械压缩、 磁压缩、 热压缩的作用, 电弧迅速由起弧村套转移到中心阴极板 302上去。 从压缩空气出口 14来的旋转气流在电弧能量的作用下 变成等离子体。 试验证明, 起弧时对阳极烧蚀轻微, 延长了阳极 的寿命。
另外, 由于阴极冷却系统的冷却喷嘴采用先收敛、 后扩散的 喷管结构, 液体在喷嘴喉部加速, 提高了阴极热交换的效率, 延 长了阴极的使用寿命。
如图 1所示, 本实用新型的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点 火装置主要由等离子体发生器 102、 煤粉燃烧器 101及等离子体 发生器托架 103构成。
等离子体发生器 102通过法兰连接方式将其复合式阳极 604 插入煤粉燃烧器的第一级燃烧筒 212内。 如图 6所示, 该等离子 体发生器主要由复合式阳极 604、组合式阴极 602、直线电机 601、 电磁线圈 603、 套装在所述复合式阳极 604的外套的外部的输弧 线圏 605构成。 复合式阳极 604同组合式阴极 602在同轴线上, 复合式阳极同直流电源 508正极连接, 组合式阴极 602同直流电 源 508的负极连接。 直线电机用来将所述阴极和阳极接触后再拉 开而建立等离子体电弧。
如图 4所示, 所述复合式阳极的结构为双喷管形式, 即由双 喷口管结构焊接在一起, 一端同阳极喷管 404焊接在一起, 另一 端同阳极底座 406焊接在一起。 阳极本体 405的材质为高导热、 高导电, 其氧化物也导电的材料, 如银基材料。 阳极喷管 404材 质可为银基材料或铜基材料。
如图 3所示, 所述组合式阴极主要由阴极头 301、 起弧衬套 311、 紧固螺母、 阴极板 302、 冷却喷嘴 303、 导电管 304、 进水 管 308、 进水导管 305、 出水管 307、 阴极端盖 306构成, 阴极板 302为倒锥形, 其材质为 4艮基合金, 冷却喷嘴 303为先收敛后扩 散式结构。
如图 2所示, 煤粉燃烧器主要由燃烧器喷口 201、 第四级燃 烧筒 202、 第三级燃烧筒 204、 第二级燃烧筒进入管 216、 一次风 粉进入管 217、 二次风进入管 209、 第一级燃烧筒导流板 214、 第 二级燃烧筒导流板 219、 第三级燃烧筒煤粉通道 220等组成。 从 一次风粉进入管 217 来的风粉混合物通过可调煤粉浓淡导流板 218 将煤粉一分为三, 分别进入三级燃烧筒进行分级燃烧; 从二 次风进入管 209来的二次风一分为三, 分别对第一级燃烧筒 212 外壁、 第三级燃烧筒 204外壁、 第四级燃烧筒 202内外壁进行冷 却及补氧。
下面结合图 5说明本实用新型的具体工作原理和工作过程。 当对直流电源 508送电后, 启动直线电机 507并前进, 使组合式 阴极 506同阳极 504接触,并设定输出电流及压力空气进入管 505 的气压。 当阴极緩緩离开阳极时, 电弧电压随之建立起来。 因为 弧压是两电极间距离的函数, 需根据煤种确定两电极间的距离, 从而确定电压电弧功率。 被电离的空气携带能量形成等离子体火 炬并进入煤粉燃烧器的笫一级燃烧筒 212, 随之将通过第一级燃 烧筒进入管 215的浓煤粉点燃。
同时, 由一次风进入管 217携带的煤粉经可调煤粉浓淡导流 板分三路进入燃烧器本体, 首先 20%的浓煤粉通过第一级燃烧筒 进入管经第一级燃烧筒导流板进入第一级燃烧筒, 由上述等离子 体火炬点燃。 第二路 60%的煤粉通过第二级燃烧筒进入管经第二 级燃烧筒导流板进入第二级燃烧筒。 笫三路 20%的煤粉经一次风 粉导流板通过第三级燃烧筒煤粉通道进入第三级燃烧筒。
其中, 二次风通过风粉管件的二次风进入管分两路进入燃烧 器。 一路风通过第一级燃烧筒外套管上部入口冷却第一级燃烧筒 外壁后进行补氧燃烧。 第二路风通过二次风通道对第三级燃烧筒 外壁冷却后再分两路, 其中一路进入第四级燃烧筒内进行补氧燃 烧, 另一路通过二次风通道冷却第四级燃烧筒后进入炉膛。
这样, 当高温等离子体导管提供高温等离子体时, 如上所述, 立即将上述 20%的浓煤粉点燃, 该火焰又进一步点燃 60%的煤 粉, 其余 20%的煤粉通过第三级燃烧筒煤粉通道同上述火炬混合 燃烧。 该部分风粉气流还起到冷却第二级燃烧筒的作用。
实验表明, 当燃烧筒煤粉量为 500kg/h时, 火焰形状为 Φ700 X 3000mm, 该火炬随将第二级燃烧筒 206 及第三级燃烧筒 204 内的煤粉点燃。 当总煤粉量在 5000kg/h 时, 火焰温度大于 1200 °C, 喷口速度约为 45-55m/s, 火焰形状约为 Φ1000 χ 7000mm。 釆用四只等离子体点火装置时, 在用于直流燃烧器时可维持切圆 燃烧, 达到启动点火及稳燃的目的。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装置, 由等离子体 发生器(102)、 煤粉燃烧器(101)、 等离子体发生器托架(103) 及其直流电源(508)构成, 其特征在于, 等离子体发生器主要由 组合式阴极(602) 、 复合式阳极(604) 、 电磁线圈 (603) 、 输 弧线圏 (605) 、 直线电机(601)构成; 煤粉燃烧器(101)主要 由风粉管件(207) 、 第一级燃烧筒进入管 (215) 、 第二级燃烧 筒进入管( 216 )、一次风粉进入管( 217 )、第一级燃烧筒( 212 )、 第二级燃烧筒( 206 )、第三级燃烧筒( 204 )、第四级燃烧筒( 202 )、 燃烧器喷口 (201) 、 可调煤粉浓淡导流板 (218) 组成。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装 置, 其特征在于, 等离子体发生器 (102) 的组合式阴极(105) 由阴极头(301)、 起弧衬套(311)、 紧固螺母、 阴极板(302)、 冷却喷嘴( 303 )、导电管( 304 )、进水管 (308),进水导管 (305), 出水管 (307) 、 阴极端盖 ( 306) 组成。
3. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点 火装置,其特征在于, 阴极板(302)釆用锥形及柱形相贯的形状, 采用焊接方式联结在阴极头(301)上, 其材质选用高导电、 高导 热、 氧化物也导电的银基材料, 冷却喷嘴(303)采用先收敛后扩 散式结构。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装 置, 其特征在于, 等离子体发生器 (102) 的复合式阳极(604) 由密封圈 (401) 、 阳极外套(402) 、 冷却水(403) 、 阳极喷管
( 404) 、 阳极本体(405) 、 阳极底座(406) 、 进水管 (407) 、 出水管 (40)组成, 组合式阳极为双喷口管结构焊接在一起, 一 端同阳极喷管( 404 )焊接在一起,另一端同阳极底座焊接在一起。
5. 如权利要求 1或 4所述的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点 火装置, 其特征在于, 阳极本体(405)其材质采用银基合金, 阳 极喷管 ( 404) 的材质可以采用铜或银基合金。
6. 如权利要求 1或 4或 5所述的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子 体点火装置, 其特征在于, 在组合式阳极( 604)外部套装一个输 弧线圏 ( 605) 。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装 置, 其特征在于, 煤粉燃烧器 (101) 包括燃烧器喷口 (201) 、 第一级燃烧筒( 212 )、笫二级燃烧筒( 206 )、笫三级燃烧筒( 204 )、 第四级燃烧筒( 202 )、风粉管件( 207 )、一次风粉进入管( 217 )、 二次风进入管 (209) 、 一次风粉导流板(210) 、 可调煤粉浓淡 导流板(218), 这些部件之间采用联接板焊接或采用螺栓联接方 式组合装配在一起, 其中, 从一次风粉进入管(217)来的煤粉流 分三路分别经过第一级燃烧筒导流板(214)、 第二级燃烧筒导流 板(219) 和一次风粉导流板 (210) , 分别进入规定的笫一级燃 烧筒 (212) 、 第二级燃烧筒 (206)和第三级燃烧筒(204); 从 二次风进入管( 209 )来的二次风分三路分别对第一级燃烧筒外套 管 (208) 、 笫三级燃烧筒(204)和第四級燃烧筒 (202)外壁进 行冷却, 部分二次风进入第四级燃烧筒(202) 内壁及第一级燃烧 筒 (212) 外壁进行补氧燃烧; 第一级燃烧筒进入管 (212) 中的 浓煤粉通过第一级燃烧筒导流板( 214 )将煤粉的径向流动变为轴 向流动, 可调煤粉浓淡导流板(218)将煤粉浓度调至易于点火的 浓度。
8. 一种用于等离子体点火装置的组合式阴 , 它由阴极头
(301) 、 紧固螺母、 导电管 (304) 、 进水管 (308) 、 进水导管 (305) 、 出水管 (307) 、 阴极端盖 (306)及密封垫片 (310) 组成, 阴极头(301)被烊接在铜质的紧固螺母上, 导电管(304) 同螺母之间釆用螺紋联接, 在导电管(304)另一端插入一个进水 管 (308) , 并用焊接或用螺紋方法联接, 同导电管 (304)垂直 的方向上用焊接方式联接一个出水管(307), 对阴极形成一个冷 却系统,其特征在于,在阴极的前端增加一个专用起弧衬套(311), 采用合金板材作为阴极板(302), 具有先收敛后扩散式结构的阴 极板冷却喷嘴 (303) 用焊接方式同进水管 (308)联接并置于导 电管 (304) 中心。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的组合式阴极, 其特征在于, 起弧衬套 (311)采用具有高熔点、 高导电率的石墨棒加工而成, 采用螺纹 方式紧固在阴极头 (301) 前端并同阴极板( 302) 齐平。
10. 如权利要求 8或 9所述的组合式阴极, 其特征在于, 阴极 板(302)采用具有高导热、 高导电性能的银基合金平板并用钎焊 的方法联接在阴极头(301)上, 其板面同起弧衬套(311)齐平。
PCT/CN2002/000116 2001-02-27 2002-02-27 Ensemble cathode et allumeur a plasma pourvu d'un tel ensemble cathode WO2002068872A1 (fr)

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CN 02203117 CN2521510Y (zh) 2002-02-06 2002-02-06 一种直接点燃煤粉锅炉的等离子体点火装置
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RU2003128980A (ru) 2005-01-10
US20040114300A1 (en) 2004-06-17
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RU2260155C2 (ru) 2005-09-10
EP1371905B1 (en) 2010-12-01
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