WO2002065022A9

WO2002065022A9 - Method and pallet for the production of a precise pre-cast concrete piece

Info

Publication number: WO2002065022A9
Application number: PCT/EP2002/000083
Authority: WO
Inventors: Stefan Boegl
Original assignee: Boegl Max Bauunternehmung Gmbh; Stefan Boegl
Priority date: 2001-02-14
Filing date: 2002-01-08
Publication date: 2002-12-12
Also published as: EP1360397B2; ATE272164T1; EP1360397A1; WO2002065022B1; WO2002065022A1; EP1360397B1; AU2002240897A1

Abstract

A method for the production of a precise pre-cast concrete piece, in particular in the form of a sleeper or plate for a fixed track for railed vehicles is disclosed. According to the invention, said method is characterised in that the pre-cast concrete piece is first produced as a blank in a form and then worked, at least in the functionally relevant regions, to the given dimensions.

Description

Process and pallet for the production of a precise precast concrete part

The present invention relates to a method for producing a precise precast concrete part, in particular in the form of a sleeper or a slab of a solid carriageway for rail-guided vehicles, and to a pallet for producing a prestressed precast concrete part with a formwork and a tensioning device for prestressing steels.

As precast concrete parts, for example, solid carriageways for rail-guided vehicles, wall elements or other beams or supports are manufactured. In most applications of precast concrete parts, no particular precision is required with regard to the dimensions of the part. The usual tolerances that can be achieved in the concrete trade are sufficient. If other components are installed on the precast concrete parts, which must adhere to particularly tight tolerances, this is usually done with setting devices so that inaccuracies resulting from the concrete can be compensated for. In particular in the production of solid carriageways, as are known, for example, from DE 197 33 909 A1, rail fastenings are therefore used at the individual support points, which make the rail adjustable in several directions in order to be able to adhere to the narrow tolerances between the individual rails , In addition, elastic intermediate layers between the precast concrete and the rail are used, which have different thicknesses in order to be able to position the rail head at the required height. As a result, many intermediate layers of different thickness are required in order to be able to compensate for the relatively large tolerances of the concrete part. The intermediate layers and the adjustable rail fastenings are complex to manufacture, assemble and stock. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device with which prefabricated concrete parts can be produced, which allow tighter tolerances for structural parts than were previously possible. This considerably reduces the effort for the manufacture, equipment and assembly of the concrete components as well as the rails and their fastening.

The object is achieved by the features of the independent claims.

According to the invention, in a method for producing a precise precast concrete part, in particular in the form of a sleeper or slab for a solid carriageway for rail-guided vehicles, the precast concrete part is first produced in a formwork as a raw part. Then, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is cured by storage for several days and then, at least on the functionally relevant parts, material, for example plastic, is applied and / or machined to the predetermined size, if necessary. Due to the storage over several days, the precast concrete largely hardens, causing it to creep and shrink to almost its final state. As a result, a component is obtained which is largely true to size and will therefore hardly change even when it is later used on a construction site. The post-processing of the functionally relevant positions is carried out on this basis. Post-processing can also be carried out on the rail fastenings that have now been installed, which can also be machined very precisely, especially when the component has hardened.

If, as functionally relevant points, assembly surfaces for the assembly of the rail or connection points of a connection of several precast concrete parts are machined together, very precisely defined interfaces for the attachment of further components are obtained.

If the processed points are checked with regard to the actual size, then is ensures that the required target dimension is maintained and that rework is no longer necessary on the construction site.

If the current wear of the tool is taken into account when processing the functionally relevant points, a further measure is taken to ensure that the required target dimension is obtained very precisely.

Advantageously, the raw part has rail support points which are machined to the predetermined dimensions required in the subsequent route in accordance with the individual requirements of the precast concrete part. In this way, components are obtained which can be provided for a special location in a route. Relatively simple standard components that do not differ from one another can be used for fastening the rails. This has the advantage that when replacing rails or rail fastenings no consideration has to be given to the specific place of use and any parts can therefore be used or exchanged among one another. An individual processing of the fasteners is not necessary.

If the component is cured first and will not change later, the machined location will also maintain the dimension machined in this way. If other components, such as rails, are then mounted on the solid carriageway, these must also be attached to the component very precisely. In particular, solid roadways can be designed so that the functionally relevant areas are relatively small. It is advisable, for example, to design the solid carriageway with bumps, which are the support points for the tracks. It is therefore only necessary to edit these bases. However, other forms can of course also be produced using the method according to the invention. The rest of the precast concrete part can be within a tolerance range as is customary for the production of precast concrete parts. By appropriate processing of the functionally relevant positions, an individual duel precast concrete can be manufactured. It is thus possible to also realize radii on fixed carriageways, which are composed of a large number of straight plates, by machining the corresponding support points.

It is particularly advantageous if the unfinished part of the precast concrete part is manufactured in circulation. In this way it can be ensured that a constant precision of the blank is always guaranteed, whereby the machining can then also be carried out under constant conditions. The precision of the end part can thus be guaranteed. In addition, a large number of individual finished parts can be manufactured from standardized raw parts. In addition, a substantially cost-effective manufacturing process is chosen due to the circular production. The components can be manufactured in a multi-shift operation, whereby other shapes can be prepared and filled again while the components are drying.

So far it has not been economical to manufacture precast concrete with the precision required here in circular production. By means of the present invention, however, it has been possible, by means of the corresponding reworking of the components, to be able to produce the components in a particularly cost-effective manner even in circulating production. A further prejudice was that only identical components can always be produced economically by means of rotary production, but very individual components are usually required, in particular for the solid carriageway, in order to do justice to the respective route. The post-processing now makes it possible to create individual components that are numbered from a standard part.

The blank and its formwork and / or a clamping device for prestressing steels of the blank are advantageously used during the manufacture of the

Blank transported on movable pallets. As a result, all manufacturing relevant components for the raw part arranged on the movable pallet and can go through the manufacturing process.

In order to guarantee a complete production of the raw part, the circulating production is divided into different processing stations. In particular, a cleaning station, a dowel and spindle assembly station for the slab of the slab track, a reinforcement station, a tensioning station, a concreting station with or without a compacting station, a drying chamber, a decompression and demoulding station and / or a raw part removal station are provided. In the respective station, the pallet located there is processed and prepared accordingly in order to finally produce the raw part as the end product. Each individual station specializes in one or more special activities. It can therefore also be advantageously provided that robots are provided in each station, which can carry out all or a large part of the required work. In order to avoid that it is not possible to continue working at individual stations because there are downtimes at other stations or because longer working periods are required there, it is advantageous if buffers are provided between two stations in which the movable pallets can be temporarily stored.

Part of the reinforcement arranged in the blank is advantageously prestressed. In this way, a very stable raw part is obtained, which remains largely dimensionally stable even during installation on the construction site and during later use and can absorb high loads. The reinforcement is advantageously arranged in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the blank, in particular in the case of slabs of a solid carriageway. Typical dimensions for slabs of a solid carriageway are lengths of approx. 6.50 m and widths between 2.40 m and 3 m. Due to the arrangement of the prestressing reinforcement in the transverse direction of the blank, ie along the width of the blank, relatively short prestressing steels are required. Preloads of more than 400 tons are required on the prestressing steels per plate. Because of the short The length of the prestressing steel requires precise and largely uniform prestressing with regard to the individual prestressing steels in order to be able to create a uniformly stable component. In addition, it is necessary that the formwork of the raw part and thus the shape of the component is not changed by the prestressing. It is therefore provided according to the invention that the prestressing steels are tensioned independently of the formwork or formwork surface. This in turn results in a very precise raw part and thus also a very precise end product, since the prestressing is not introduced into the formwork, but rather on our own prestressing devices specially provided for this purpose. The formwork only has to absorb the concrete forces and can therefore be carried out in the usual way.

Alternatively, but with a much more stable formwork, the tension can also be supported on the formwork. This is sufficient if there are no high demands on the circumferential design of the components.

In order to be able to apply the most uniform possible clamping force to the prestressing steels, it is advantageous if several prestressing steels are clamped at the same time. If several prestressing steels are connected to one another by means of a path and / or force compensation device, a uniform tensioning of the prestressing steels is made possible.

It is new and inventive that the prestressing steels are combined into sections and the sections are tensioned or relaxed individually, in groups or together. As a result, at least individual areas are each provided with the same clamping force, as a result of which the blank can be produced very uniformly and stably.

Advantageously, especially if certain undercuts are provided, the side formwork is used first and then afterwards the floor formwork removed from the raw part. In order to be able to separate the raw part from the floor formwork, it has been found to be particularly advantageous and inventive that openings are integrated in the formwork, through which stamps can be inserted. As a result, the raw part is separated from the floor formwork very gently. The later processing points are not injured and no lifting points are required. Only the component itself is raised.

In the case of complicated components, in particular as is the case with solid carriageways with bumps as bases, the demolding of the raw part in connection with the release of the clamping forces can be problematic. The problem arises from the fact that when the clamping device is released, the component is slightly compressed by the clamping forces then acting on the component and may therefore jam in the mold. It is not always possible to lift the blank from the formwork without damaging the blank. According to the invention, it is therefore proposed that the raw part be detached from the floor formwork first and only then that the clamping force acts on the component. This can be done both completely and gradually, that is, for example, that the raw part is only slightly lifted from the floor formwork, then the tension is slightly or completely released and only in a next step the raw part is completely lifted off the floor formwork. Alternatively, it can also be provided that this process takes place continuously, ie that the raw part is released from the floor formwork and the tension of the prestressing steel is released at the same time. It is important in any case that it is avoided that the component shrinks by releasing the tension to such an extent that the component is difficult to lift off the floor formwork. In the case of simple components or corresponding inserts, it is of course also possible to first relax and then demold. In order to make it easier to store the raw parts in a hardening store and to transport them there, it is advantageously provided that prestressing steels that protrude from the mold are removed. The raw parts can thus be stored upright, for example for curing.

The raw part is advantageously transported by means of a removal trolley to the curing storage and later from the curing storage to a post-processing station.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the raw part is processed on a concrete milling or grinding machine. Stationary machines of this type can be designed, for example, in a portal construction and guarantee particularly precise machining of the components. The components can be stored for processing according to their later assembly position and can be processed in this position. However, the later installation position in relation to the actual processing position can also be calculated by means of computational methods and the corresponding processing operations can be carried out with the computer-controlled processing machine. Advantageously, in particular in the case of slabs of solid carriageways, the processing, which will often be machining, is carried out on the later contact surfaces of the rail or rail fastening and / or on centering points of the rigid carriageway. At the centering points, the connection to further fixed carriageway slabs is provided, so that overall a defined rail bed, which is composed of a large number of individual slabs, is created.

Advantageously, the rail fastenings and possibly also the rails are already installed in the production hall, as soon as possible after processing on the solid carriageway. The complete panel can then be delivered to the construction site and installed in the space provided. In a pallet according to the invention for producing a prestressed precast concrete element with a formwork and a tensioning device for prestressing steels, the tensioning device is mounted independently of the formwork. This makes it possible to create a blank that offers the best prerequisites for later machining in order to create very precise dimensions and very tight tolerances. The fact that the tensioning device is mounted independently of the formwork surface means that the formwork only has to absorb the forces of the concrete, but not the forces of the tensioning device, and thus the dimensional stability of the component is ensured. In addition, the demoulding and clamping of the blank can be carried out independently of one another.

The tensioning device is advantageously constructed in such a way that it has at least one pressure support and at least one pulling device. The pressure support is independent of the formwork and is therefore suitable for absorbing the tensile forces that act on the prestressing steel. It is structurally particularly simple if the pulling device is rotatably mounted around the pressure support.

If at least one tension rod is arranged at one end of the traction device and at least one fastening device for prestressing steel is arranged at the other end, the force can be applied by means of the traction device by rotating around the pressure support, which is arranged between the traction device and the fastening device for prestressing steel Prestressing steels can be carried out very advantageously.

In order to apply the very high tensile forces that are particularly necessary for solid roadways, provision is advantageously made for the fastening device to be tensioned and locked by means of one or more tensioning units, in particular by means of a hydraulic device. The clamping unit can then be removed from the fastening device and used for the next clamping process. In order to be able to apply the force application to the prestressing steels as evenly as possible, it is advantageous if the fastening device is a comb in which several prestressing steels can be hung. The prestressing steels are then tensioned by moving the comb in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the prestressing steels, as a result of which the prestressing steels are stretched. To relax, the comb is moved in the opposite direction, whereby the prestressing steel tries to relax and thus apply compressive stress to the concrete slab. In order to avoid that tension occurs within the pulling device and the fastening device or the comb, it is advantageous if the fastening device or the comb is rotatably arranged on the pulling device.

To hang the prestressing steels in the comb, it is advantageous if the prestressing steels are upset at the ends and thus form a widening. This widening creates a positive connection between the reinforcing steel and the comb. But it is also possible to create the connection between the reinforcing steel and the comb by means of nuts which are screwed over the reinforcing steel or by means of individual clamping devices. The comb and the form-fitting connection of the prestressing steels to the comb make it very easy to automatically hook the prestressing steels into the comb, since the prestressing steels only have to be placed over the openings of the comb in one direction. By using a hydraulic device, for example, the combs, which are each arranged at one end of the prestressing steels, are moved away from one another and thus bring about the tensioning of the prestressing steels.

In order to be able to use the pallet and essential parts of the formwork for different raw parts, it is advantageous if the formwork can be equipped with different inserts. This is the case, for example a solid carriageway possible to deal with different fastening systems for the rails in such a way that different shapes of the support points for the track fastening are created by the different inserts. The inserts, which can optionally be inserted into the basic formwork, are each designed so that they are suitable for a specific method of fastening the rails. Alternatively or additionally, the inserts can be designed such that they divide the formwork into several components. As a result, several raw parts are produced simultaneously in a single pallet, each of which can be preloaded.

In order to be able to create undercuts, in particular in the area of the end faces of the slabs of solid carriageways, it is advantageous if the side formwork or parts thereof can be removed from the floor formwork. Another advantage here is that the prestressing steels can be inserted automatically into the combs. A part of the side formwork is only fastened after the steel has been inserted, which causes the raw part to be shaped. The side formwork has corresponding recesses or partitions so that the prestressing steel can be passed through the side formwork. As already explained above, it is particularly advantageous if the formwork is in each case independent of the tensioning device and can therefore also be attached or detached independently thereof.

By dividing the clamping device into individual sections, it is possible in an advantageous embodiment of the invention to clamp the clamping steels simultaneously or in succession. In addition, several prestressing steels are advantageously clamped simultaneously per section, so that a uniform prestressing and introduction of the prestressing force into the prestressing steels is made possible. This ensures an even strength of the component.

In order to advantageously design the pallet for circulating production, it is provided that it has rails or rollers. This is a movement the pallet from station to station of the rotary production can be realized very easily.

Further advantages of the invention are described in the exemplary embodiments below. It shows:

FIG. 1 shows a production plant,

FIG. 2 shows a pallet in a front view,

FIG. 3 shows a pallet in side view,

FIG. 4 a pallet in a perspective view,

Figure 5 is a rail base.

FIG. 1 shows the various stations of the rotary production 1 according to the invention for the production of precise precast concrete parts, in particular made of fiber concrete. A pallet 20 is fed to a first buffer 2 via conventional conveyors. The pallet 20 arrives from the buffer 2 into a cleaning station 3. Here the formwork and, if necessary, the tensioning device are cleaned in order to ensure reliable functionality. For this purpose, for example, vacuum cleaners are available in the cleaning station 3, which are advantageously operated by means of robots and clean the pallet 20.

After the pallet 20 or the formwork has been cleaned, it is fed to a further buffer 2. The dowel or spindle assembly is then carried out in station 4 from this buffer 2. The dowels and spindles are required in particular in a slab of a solid carriageway for rail-guided vehicles. The spindles will later be used on the Construction site or the position of the plate aligned for processing. The rails or rail fastenings for guiding the vehicle are fastened to the plate using the dowels. In this station, too, the dowel and spindle assembly can largely be carried out automatically by means of a robot (not shown).

The pallet 20 reaches the first reinforcement station 5 from the buffer 2. Depending on which component is to be created, different reinforcements are required. In a first part of the reinforcement station 5, part of the reinforcement, for example meshes or prestressing steels, which are particularly designed for slabs of solid carriageways, can be inserted into the formwork. In the next part of the reinforcement station 5, the prestressing steel, for example threaded steel, inserted transversely to this can be inserted. Another buffer 2 is arranged between the two reinforcement stations 5.

In the subsequent tensioning station 6, hydraulic devices are provided with which the prestressing steels can be prestressed. In addition, the prestressed steels are fixed in the tensioning station 6, so that, for example, the hydraulic prestressing can be removed again after the prestressing steels have been fixed and can be used for the next pallet 20 or next station. The steel can be tensioned individually. Preferably, however, the tensioning will take place at least in sections, and it may also be advantageous to tension several sections at the same time. As a result, the clamping of all prestressing steels can take place more quickly than if this takes place in succession, so that the throughput time of a pallet can be reduced if necessary. After the tensioning station 6, another buffer 2 is moved to by the pallet 20. The pallet 20 remains in the buffer 2 until the subsequent station has become free again. In the concreting station 7, the formwork is filled with concrete, for example fiber concrete, and if necessary compacted, as a result of which the actual component is created. To dry the concrete, the pallet is moved into a drying chamber 9. In order to be able to store as many pallets as possible in the drying chamber 9, a lifting device 8, 8 ′ is arranged at the beginning and at the end of the drying chamber 9. By means of these lifting lifts 8, 8 ', the pallets 20 are moved into different floors of the drying chamber 9, so that a large number of pallets 20 can be in circulation at the same time and a large number of precast concrete parts can be manufactured at the same time.

After the concrete has dried, the pallet 20 is removed from the drying chamber

9 removed via the lift 8 'and a formwork and relaxation station

10 fed. In station 10, the prestressing steel is relaxed and demolded at the same time. Depending on the design of the component, it may also be advantageous to first lift the component slightly off the floor formwork and only then to begin the relaxation process for the prestressing steel. This can be done continuously or step by step. The result is that the formwork can be removed easily and without damaging the component.

In the next station 1, the slab of the solid carriageway is completely removed from the pallet and placed on a removal trolley 12. If necessary, the built-in spindle is also rotated 20mm in height to be able to be cleaned later. The projecting ends of the prestressing steel are then separated off and the spindles are cleaned in a station 18.

The removal carriage 12 brings the plate into a tilting station 13, in which the plate is rotated, for example, by 90 ° and placed in a warehouse. In this warehouse, the concrete hardens, causing it to creep and shrink and largely assume its final dimensions. After a period of 28 days, for example, the concrete part has largely reached its final size and can be reworked. For this purpose, it is again placed on a trolley 12 via the tilting station 13 and fed to a further processing station 15. For this purpose, the plate is spun on in station 15. This means that the plate is aligned according to its later installation position in the solid carriageway. In this position, it is fed to a processing machine 16 in which, for example, support points for the later storage of the rails are machined to the nearest 10th of a millimeter. This processing station 16 can include, for example, a concrete milling machine, drilling machine or a grinding machine, with which the corresponding locations of the raw part are machined precisely and in the correct form or prepared for assembly. Because the plate has hardened, the processing of the plate has the effect that the dimensions achieved here can also be maintained in the later installation position.

The processing of the plate can also include, for example, the milling of cutouts for guides which can be used at the ends of the plates. The guides, which for example have a trapezoidal cross section and are made of steel, overlap two plates and thus allow the plates to be exactly aligned with one another. For each plate joint, three such guides on the top, bottom and / or the side surfaces of the plate have proven to be advantageous in order to maintain a safe positioning of the plates in the x, y and z directions relative to one another until the position of the plates is final , e.g. is fixed by an infusion. A correspondingly angular arrangement of the recesses in relation to the longitudinal axis of the plate makes it possible to provide the plates with a polygon.

After all important dimensions have been processed, the precast concrete part is fed to a last station, namely an assembly station 17. In the assembly station 17, the rail fastenings and possibly even the rails themselves are mounted on the plate. This pre-assembled plate can later be processed very quickly on the construction site, since positioning work can be dispensed with after the specifications that have been given to the individual individual plate have already been taken into account during processing and assembly. The plate, which is individually manufactured for a special installation location in the fixed carriageway, is numbered, if necessary, and transported to a warehouse or directly to the construction site via a removal cart 12.

With the circular production, a blank is first created, which is largely a universal part for most applications. This universal blank is later used to create an individual component, possibly with a number, in the processing station, which has its exact place in the fixed track.

A front view of a pallet 20 is shown in FIG. The pallet 20 is built on supports 21 and rails 22. The bottom formwork 23 and the side formwork 24 and 24 'are arranged on the supports 21. Various undercuts are provided in the side formwork 24 on the end face in order to be able to connect adjacent slabs of the solid carriageway. The side formwork 24 can be folded down or removed from the bottom formwork, for example, by means not shown, so that the demolding of the later raw part is easily possible.

A plurality of clamping devices 30 are provided on the pallet 20. Each tensioning device consists of a pressure support 31 and a pulling device 32. The pulling device 32 is rotatably mounted about a pivot point 33 of the pressure support 31. A tension rod 34 is arranged below the pressure support 31.

A second pulling device 32 'is fixedly arranged on the pressure support 31. A spindle 40 and a nut 39 cooperate with it. The effective length of the spindle 40 can be shortened. The shortening takes place, for example, by means of a hydraulic device, which acts on the spindle 40 and the latter effective length shortened. By shortening the spindle 40, the pulling device 32 is rotated about the pivot point 33 and the prestressing steel 35 and the tension rod 34 are stretched. The shortened spindle 40 is fixed by means of the nut 39.

The second pulling device 32 ′ can also be arranged on the pressure support 31 so as to be rotatable, identical or similar to the fastening of the pulling device 32.

The prestressing steels 35 are connected to the upper end of the pulling device 32 and 32 '. In the present exemplary embodiment, the prestressing steels 35 are connected by means of a comb 36, which is connected to the upper end of the traction device 32 via a pivot point 37. The prestressing steels 35 are preferably suspended in the comb 36 via an upsetting. However, other cross-sectional changes already described are also possible.

The tensioning device 30 acts independently of the formwork 23, 24, 24 ', so that deformation of the formwork 23, 24, 24' does not occur when the tension is applied. The tension is essentially supported by the pressure support 31, which is fastened to the frame of the pallet 20. The pressure support 31 is so stable that deformation of the pallet 20 is also avoided.

A side view of a pallet 20 is shown in FIG. The basic structure of the pallet 20 consists of the supports 21 and the rail 22. The bottom formwork 23 and the side formwork 24, 24 'are constructed on the supports 21. In the illustration in FIG. 3 it is clear that a large number of clamping devices 30 are arranged along the pallet 20. Each tensioning device 30 has a tension rod 34. The pull rod 34 is connected to the pulling device 32, which is supported on the pressure support 31. The comb 36 is arranged at the end of the pulling device 32, which lies opposite the pull rod 34. The comb 36 has a plurality of openings 38 in which the prestressing steels can be inserted. By actuating a tensioning device 30, a plurality of tensioning steels 35 are thus tensioned simultaneously. This results in a uniform tension, which is particularly important due to the short length of the prestressing steels 35 in order to achieve a uniform tension. The tension of the tension rod 34 can be such that a hydraulic device accesses and shortens the spindle 40 from FIG. 2, so that two opposing combs 36 are moved apart and thereby tension the tensioning steels 35. Such tensioning can be carried out individually per tensioning device 30. However, several of the clamping devices 30 can also be clamped at the same time, so that the clamping of the complete pallet 20 takes place more quickly. The cycle times can thus be reduced.

The arrangement of different clamping devices 30 results in a section-wise construction of the pallet 20. The pallet 20 can thereby be made more or less long without the basic structure of the pallet 20 having to be changed. Likewise, due to the section-by-section structure, the introduction of the clamping forces can be achieved evenly. Instead of or in addition to the comb 36, a force or displacement compensation device, for example with multiple bearings, can also be used in order to bring about a uniform tensile force in the prestressing steels 35. Such tools may be necessary due to the unusually short prestressing steel 35.

A perspective view of the pallet 20 is shown in FIG. Carriers 21, which form the basic structure of the device, are fastened to the rails 22. The floor formwork 23 has inserts 26, in which bumps 25 of the slab of the slab track are incorporated. Due to different fastening systems for the rails of the train to be mounted on the plate, different hump shapes are required. These can be realized by simply exchanging the inserts 26 with the pallet 20 otherwise unchanged. There is one clamping device 30 per section provided, which has a pressure support 31, two pulling devices 32 and a pull rod 34. A comb 36 is arranged on each of the two pulling devices 32, in which the six prestressing steels 35 in this exemplary embodiment are received in openings 38. By tensioning the spindle 40, the tensioning steels 35 suspended in the combs 36 are pulled apart and tensioned. With the nut 39, the tension is maintained. After the prestressing steels 35 have been tensioned, concrete is filled into the formwork in accordance with the circulating production shown in FIG.

The rails 22 are used to transport the pallet 20 by being guided over transport systems. The pallet 20 can thus be moved from station to station. This can be done, for example, by motor-driven rollers. But it is also possible that 22 rollers are arranged in place of the rails, which in turn roll on fixed rails. However, the embodiment shown here has the advantage that the rails 22 simultaneously serve to stabilize the pallet 20 and to transport the pallet 20.

FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of a plate 42 with a rail base. The rail base consists of two bumps 43 and a support 44. A rail 45 is fastened between the two bumps 43. The rail 45 is arranged on the support 44 with the aid of intermediate layers, which on the one hand bring about height compensation and on the other hand dampen the rail 45. The rail 45 is fastened by means of screws 47 which are anchored in the concrete of the plate 42 by means of dowels 51 and by means of clamps 49 which are supported on the hump 43 or an angle guide plate 49 and the rail foot 45. For the correct alignment of the rail 45 in the horizontal direction, the angle guide plates 49 are arranged between the hump 43 and the foot of the rail 45. The rail 45 is held in the desired position in the horizontal direction by means of the angle guide plates 49. The angle guide plates 49 can be standard parts which are largely identical to one another. This makes it possible to replace or use the angle guide plates 49 when laying a rail 45.

This standardized use of angle guide plates 49 and intermediate layers 46 is created by processing the inside of the humps 43 and, if necessary, the support 44 of the plate 42. This particular machining of the concrete on the flanks 50 and the support 44 enables the rail 45 to be precisely aligned during the manufacture of the plate 42. As indicated by dashed lines, the plate 42 becomes in the area of the flanks 50 and the support 44 first manufactured with oversize.

By machining, more or less material can be removed from the flanks 50 and the support 44, so that the exact alignment of the rail 45 in the horizontal and vertical directions is largely predetermined by the individual design of the rail base. With this method it is even possible to realize radii or a polygon laying of the track simply by machining the bumps 43 or flanks 50. The plates 42 are first manufactured as standard and only individualized by the machining. This enables a very fast and therefore inexpensive production of a large number of plates 42 with a single type of shape. Compared to previous manufacturing and assembly methods, the manufacturing and laying of prefabricated panels 42 is significantly faster, making the use of these systems as solid carriageways even more advantageous.

The present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown. In particular, the principle of the pallet can also be used for components other than slabs of a solid carriageway. For example, supports or girders are also conceivable for this purpose, which can also be manufactured in circulation.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A method for producing a precise precast concrete part, in particular in the form of a threshold or a slab for a slab track for rail-guided vehicles, characterized in that the precast concrete part is first produced in a formwork as a raw part and then at least at the functionally relevant points on the predetermined dimension is processed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blank after its manufacture and before its processing by several days

Storage is cured.

3. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that as the functionally relevant points mounting surfaces for the assembly of the rail or connection points of a connection of several precast concrete parts are machined together.

4. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machined points are checked with regard to the actual dimension.

5. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current wear of the tool is taken into account when processing the functionally relevant points.

6. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank and / or a layer applied to the blank is in particular machined.

7. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank has rail bases, which are machined to the predetermined dimension required in the subsequent route according to the individual requirements of the precast concrete part.

8. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that rail fastenings are arranged on the blank, which are processed.

9. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank is manufactured in circulation.

10. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, _{characterized,} in that the blank and the mold and / or a clamping device is conveyed on moveable pallets during its manufacture.

11.The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the rotary production various processing stations, in particular a cleaning station, a dowel and spindle assembly station, a reinforcement station, a tensioning station, a concreting station with or without a compression station, a drying chamber, a relaxation - And formwork station and / or a blank removal station are provided.

12. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the stations are operated by robots.

13. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that buffers are provided between two stations.

14. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a reinforcement arranged in the raw part is prestressed.

15. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank is made of fiber concrete.

16. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement is arranged in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the blank.

17. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressing steels are tensioned independently of the formwork surface.

18. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressing steels are clamped onto the formwork.

19. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that several prestressing steels are clamped simultaneously.

20. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of prestressing steels are connected to one another by means of a path and / or force compensation device.

21. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressing steels are combined into sections and the sections are tensioned and / or relaxed individually, in groups or together.

22. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the side formwork and then the bottom formwork is removed from the blank for demoulding.

23. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank is separated from the floor formwork, in particular by means of a stamp.

24. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the raw part is released from the floor formwork and then the tension of the prestressing steel is released.

25. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank from the

Floor formwork loosened and the tension of the prestressing steel is released.

26. The method, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the tension of the prestressing steels is released and then the unfinished part is released from the floor formwork.

27. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that protruding prestressing steels are removed after the demoulding and the blank is transported in particular into a hardening warehouse by means of a removal trolley.

28. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank is transported in particular after curing by means of a removal trolley to a post-processing area.

29. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that material is applied to the raw part in the post-processing area or is removed from the raw part or an order or an add-on part.

30. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machining of the raw part is carried out on a processing machine, in particular a concrete milling or grinding machine.

31. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank is stored for its processing, in particular in accordance with its later mounting position.

32. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank is machined on the later contact surfaces of the rail or rail fastening and / or at centering points.

33. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that rails or rail fastenings are mounted on the slab track after processing.

34. Pallet for the production of a prestressed precast concrete part with a formwork and a tensioning device for prestressing steels, characterized in that the tensioning device is mounted independently of the formwork surface.

35. Pallet according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the clamping device has at least one pressure support and at least one pulling device.

36. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pulling device is rotatably mounted about the pressure support.

37. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one tension rod is arranged at one end of the traction device and at least one fastening device for prestressing steels is arranged at the other end.

38. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening device can be tensioned and locked by means of one or more tensioning units, in particular by means of a hydraulic device.

39. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening device is a comb or a perforated plate for fastening several prestressing steels.

40. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side formwork has a pattern corresponding to the fastening device or the position of the prestressing steels.

41. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening device is rotatably arranged on the pulling device.

42. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressing steels have a change in cross-section at their ends, in particular are upset, have a clamping device or a thread with a nut in order to be able to be hooked into the fastening device.

43. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping device or the thread with the nut for gripping, clamping, tensioning and / or locking the prestressing steels are used with the fastening device.

44. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork can be equipped with different inserts.

45. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that inserts divide the formwork into several components.

46. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side formwork is removable from the floor formwork.

47. Pallet, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping device in individual

Sections is divided.

48. Pallet according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that rails or rollers are arranged on the pallet.