EP1360397B1 - Method and pallet for the production of a precise pre-cast concrete piece - Google Patents

Method and pallet for the production of a precise pre-cast concrete piece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1360397B1
EP1360397B1 EP20020706697 EP02706697A EP1360397B1 EP 1360397 B1 EP1360397 B1 EP 1360397B1 EP 20020706697 EP20020706697 EP 20020706697 EP 02706697 A EP02706697 A EP 02706697A EP 1360397 B1 EP1360397 B1 EP 1360397B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
accordance
foregoing
pallet
shuttering
unfinished part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20020706697
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1360397A1 (en
EP1360397B2 (en
Inventor
Stefan BÖGL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Max Boegl Bauunternehmung GmbH and Co KG
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Max Boegl Bauunternehmung GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE10133607A external-priority patent/DE10133607C5/en
Application filed by Max Boegl Bauunternehmung GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Max Boegl Bauunternehmung GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1360397A1 publication Critical patent/EP1360397A1/en
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Publication of EP1360397B1 publication Critical patent/EP1360397B1/en
Publication of EP1360397B2 publication Critical patent/EP1360397B2/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/08Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
    • B28B11/0863Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads for profiling, e.g. making grooves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/04Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed
    • B28B23/06Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members the elements being stressed for the production of elongated articles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/28Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
    • E01B3/32Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone with armouring or reinforcement
    • E01B3/34Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone with armouring or reinforcement with pre-tensioned armouring or reinforcement
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a precise Precast concrete, in particular in the form of a threshold or a plate a fixed track for rail-guided vehicles and a pallet for the production of a prestressed precast concrete element with formwork and a tensioning device for tensioning rods.
  • EP-A-0 289 017 describes a method for producing a Precast concrete, especially known in the form of a threshold.
  • Out DE-A-19 708 734 is a pallet according to the preamble of the present claim 33 known.
  • precast concrete for example, solid carriageways for rail-guided Vehicles, wall elements or other supports or supports are manufactured.
  • precast concrete for example, solid carriageways for rail-guided Vehicles, wall elements or other supports or supports are manufactured.
  • there is none special precision with regard to the dimensions of the part is required.
  • the usual, Tolerances that can be achieved in the concrete trade are sufficient.
  • solid Roadways as are known for example from DE 197 33 909 A1
  • the object of the present invention is therefore a method and a device to create with which precast concrete parts can be produced, which allow tighter tolerances for body parts than usual. It will thus the effort for the manufacture, equipment and assembly of the concrete components and the rails and their attachment significantly reduced.
  • the precast element in a method for producing a precise Precast concrete, especially in the form of a threshold or plate for one solid roadway for rail-guided vehicles, the precast element first in formwork as a blank. Then it becomes more advantageous Embodiment of the invention cured by storage for several days and then, at least on the functionally relevant parts, material if necessary, for example, plastic applied and / or machined to the predetermined Made to measure. This hardens through storage for several days Precast concrete largely made, making it almost its final Condition creeps and fades. This gives a component which is largely true to size and thus also in its later use will hardly change on a construction site. On this basis, post-processing of the functionally relevant positions. The Post-processing can also be carried out on the rail fastenings that have now been installed take place, especially when the component has hardened is, can also be edited very accurately.
  • the raw part advantageously has rail support points, which correspondingly the individual requirements of the precast concrete on the in the required, predetermined dimensions to be processed later. It components are obtained which are suitable for a special location in a route can be provided. Rail fastening can be relative simple standard components are used, which are not different from each other differ. This has the advantage that when exchanging Rails or rail fasteners take no account of the special Must be taken and therefore any parts used or can be interchanged. An individual processing the fastening parts are not necessary.
  • the component is hardened first and does not change later the machined position will also maintain the dimension so machined. Then other components, such as Rails mounted on the fixed carriageway are also very precise to be attached to the component.
  • solid roadways can be designed so that the functionally relevant areas are relatively small are. It is advisable, for example, to include the solid carriageway Form humps, which are the bases for the tracks. It only these bases need to be edited. But it is natural other shapes can also be produced using the method according to the invention.
  • the rest of the precast concrete can be within a tolerance range, as is customary for the production of precast concrete. By an appropriate Processing the functionally relevant positions can also be an individual Precast concrete can be manufactured. It is thus possible for fixed Roadways, which are composed of a large number of straight plates are, by editing the corresponding bases Realizing radii.
  • the raw part of the precast concrete part is in circulation will be produced. This can ensure that a constant precision of the raw part is always guaranteed, whereby also the machining afterwards under the same conditions can be done. The precision of the end part can thus be guaranteed become.
  • one can be made from standardized raw parts A large number of individual finished parts can be manufactured.
  • is by circulating production is a much cheaper manufacturing process selected.
  • the components can be manufactured in a multi-shift operation, with other shapes again during the drying of the components can be prepared and filled.
  • the blank and its formwork and / or a Clamping device for prestressing steels of the blank during the production of the Blank transported on movable pallets.
  • all manufacturing-relevant Components for the raw part are arranged on the movable pallet and can go through the manufacturing process.
  • the circular production is divided into different processing stations.
  • a cleaning station In particular are a cleaning station, a dowel and spindle assembly station for the Slab of slab track, a reinforcement station, a tensioning station, a Concreting station with or without a compacting station, a drying chamber, a relaxation and demoulding station and / or a blank removal station intended.
  • the pallet located there is in the respective station processed and prepared accordingly, to finally use the blank as To create the end product. Every single station is specialized on one or more special activities. It can therefore also be advantageous be provided that robots are provided in each station, which can carry out all or a large part of the required work. To avoid having to stop working at individual stations because there are downtimes at other stations or longer ones there Working periods are required, it is advantageous if between two Stations buffers are provided, in which the movable pallets are temporarily stored can be.
  • part of the reinforcement arranged in the raw part biased.
  • the reinforcement is advantageous, especially in the case of slabs Lane arranged in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the blank.
  • typical Dimensions for slabs of a solid carriageway are lengths of approx. 6.50 m and Widths between 2.40 m and 3 m.
  • the prestressing steel is combined into sections and the sections individually, in groups or together be excited or relaxed. This is at least individual areas provided with the same clamping force, making the blank very can be produced evenly and stably.
  • the raw parts can thereby stored vertically, for example for curing.
  • the blank is advantageously brought into the by means of a removal trolley Curing storage and later from curing storage to a post-processing station transported.
  • Such stationary Machines can, for example, be designed in portal construction and guarantee particularly precise machining of the components.
  • the components can be defined for machining according to their later mounting position be stored and processed in this position. But it can also by means of computational methods in relation to the later installation position the actual processing position can be calculated and with the computer-controlled Processing machine the corresponding processing be made.
  • Advantageously, especially with plates of solid Roadways will start machining, which will often be machining the later contact surfaces of the rail or rail fastening and / or at centering points of the solid carriageway. To the Centering points are provided for the connection to other solid carriageway slabs, so that overall a defined rail bed that on a variety of individual plates is created.
  • the rail fastenings and, if necessary, also mounted the rails can then be delivered to the construction site and at the designated Space to be installed.
  • a pallet according to the invention for the production of a prestressed Precast concrete with formwork and a clamping device for prestressing steels the tensioning device is mounted independently of the formwork. hereby it is possible to create a blank, which is used for later processing offers the best conditions to very precise dimensions and very tight Creating tolerances.
  • the stripping and clamping of the blank is independent of each other feasible.
  • the tensioning device is advantageously constructed in such a way that it at least has a pressure support and at least one pulling device.
  • the Pressure support is independent of the formwork and therefore suitable for the Absorb tensile forces acting on the prestressing steels. constructive It is particularly simple if the traction device around the pressure support is rotatably mounted.
  • At least one pull rod at one end of the pulling device and at the at the other end at least one fastening device for prestressing steels arranged can by means of the traction device by rotating around the Pressure support, which between the traction device and the fastening device is arranged for the prestressing steel, the application of force to the Prestressing steels can be carried out very advantageously.
  • the fastening device by means of one or more clamping units, in particular be tensioned and locked by means of a hydraulic device.
  • the Clamping unit can then be removed from the fastening device removed and used for the next clamping process.
  • the fastening device is a comb, in which several prestressing steels can be hung.
  • the voltage The prestressing steels then take place by moving the comb in the direction the longitudinal axis of the prestressing steel, whereby the prestressing steel is stretched.
  • the comb is moved in the opposite direction, whereby the prestressing steel try to relax and thus in apply a compressive stress to the concrete slab.
  • the fastening device or the comb is rotatably arranged on the traction device is.
  • the Prestressing steels are upset at the ends and thus widen form. This broadening creates a positive connection between the reinforcing steel and the comb. But it is also possible that Connection between the reinforcing steel and the comb by means of nuts, which are screwed over the reinforcing steel, or by means of individual To create clamps.
  • the connection of the prestressing steel with the comb is an automatic hooking of the prestressing steels in the comb very easy to implement because the Prestressing steels only in one direction over the openings of the comb must be placed.
  • a hydraulic device are the combs, each at one end of the prestressing steels are arranged, moved away from each other and thus cause the tension of prestressing steels.
  • the formwork with different Inserts can be equipped. This is the case, for example possible on a fixed carriageway, on different fastening systems for enter the rails in such a way that through the different inserts different forms of the bases for the track attachment created become.
  • the inserts, which are optionally inserted in the basic formwork can be designed so that they are for a specific Fastening method of the rails are suitable.
  • the inserts can be designed such that they form the formwork in several Subdivide components. This will be in a single palette at the same time produced several raw parts, each of which can be pre-stressed.
  • the Side formwork or parts thereof can be removed from the floor formwork.
  • Another advantage here is that the insertion of the prestressing steel into the Combs can be done automatically. Only after inserting the steels part of the side formwork is attached, thereby shaping the raw part is effected.
  • the side formwork has corresponding recesses or divisions so that the prestressing steel through the side formwork can be passed through.
  • it is particularly advantageous Was explained above if the formwork is independent of the tensioning device is and thus also grown or dismantled independently of it can be.
  • the prestressing steels simultaneously or to stretch one after the other.
  • the pallet for circulation production it is provided that that it has rails or rollers. This is a movement the pallet from station to station of the rotary production can be realized very easily.
  • Figure 1 are the various stations of the rotary production according to the invention 1 for the production of precise precast concrete parts, in particular represented from fiber concrete.
  • a pallet 20 is placed over a first buffer 2 conventional conveyors supplied. From buffer 2 the Pallet 20 in a cleaning station 3. Here the formwork and if necessary the tensioning device cleaned to ensure safe functioning to ensure.
  • the cleaning station 3 there are, for example Vacuum cleaner available, which is advantageously operated by means of robots and clean the pallet 20.
  • the pallet 20 or the formwork is cleaned, it is fed to another buffer 2. From this buffer 2 is then in the station 4 carried out the dowel or spindle assembly.
  • the dowels and Spindles are particularly in a slab of a solid track for rail-guided Vehicles required. The spindles will later be used on the Construction site or the position of the plate aligned for processing. About the The rails or rail fasteners are used to guide the Vehicle attached to the plate. Also in this station is the dowel and Spindle assembly largely automatic using a robot, not shown feasible.
  • the pallet 20 reaches the first reinforcement station 5 from the buffer 2 which component is to be created are different Reinforcement required. So in a first part of the reinforcement station 5 part of the reinforcement, for example mesh or prestressing steel, which be designed especially for slabs of solid carriageways, in the formwork can be inserted. In the next part of the reinforcement station 5 the prestressing steels inserted transversely to this, for example threaded steels, be inserted. Is between the two reinforcement stations 5 another buffer 2 is arranged.
  • Hydraulic devices are provided in the subsequent tensioning station 6, with which the prestressing steels can be prestressed. Moreover the prestressed steels are fixed in the clamping station 6, so that the for example hydraulic preload after fixing the prestressing steel can be removed again and for the next pallet 20 or next station can be used.
  • the tension of the steels can be individually respectively. However, the tension is preferably at least in sections take place, it may also be advantageous to have several sections to tension at the same time. This will clamp all prestressing steels can be done faster than if this happens in succession, so that if necessary, the lead time of a pallet can be reduced.
  • To another buffer 2 is moved to the tensioning station 6 by the pallet 20. The pallet 20 remains in the buffer 2 until the subsequent station has become free again.
  • the formwork with concrete for example fiber concrete, filled in and, if necessary, compressed, whereby the actual Component is created.
  • the pallet is placed in a drying chamber 9 retracted.
  • To get as many pallets as possible in the drying chamber 9 To be able to store is a lift 8, 8 'at the beginning and at the end of the Drying chamber 9 arranged. The pallets are lifted by means of these lifts 8, 8 ' 20 move to different floors of the drying chamber 9, so that a large number of pallets 20 can be in circulation simultaneously and one large number of precast concrete parts can be manufactured at the same time.
  • the pallet 20 is removed from the drying chamber 9 removed via the lift 8 'and a formwork and relaxation station 10 fed.
  • station 10 the relaxation of the prestressing steel is carried out at the same time and demoulded.
  • the slab of the solid carriageway is made completely removed from the pallet and placed on a removal trolley 12. If necessary, the built-in spindle is also used here, for example Twisted 20mm in height to be cleaned later. Subsequently the protruding prestressing steel ends are separated in a station 18 and cleaning the spindles.
  • the removal car 12 brings the plate into a tilting station 13, in which the plate is rotated for example by 90 ° and placed in a warehouse.
  • the concrete hardens in this warehouse, causing it to creep and shrink and largely takes on its final dimensions.
  • it is in turn via the tilting station 13 placed on a trolley 12 and a further processing station 15 fed.
  • the plate is spun on in station 15. This means that the plate is in its later installation position is aligned in the fixed lane. In this position it becomes a processing machine 16 supplied in which, for example, bases for edited the later storage of the rails to the 10th of a millimeter become.
  • This processing station 16 can, for example, be a concrete milling machine, Drill or grinder with which the corresponding parts of the raw part are machined precisely and correctly or be prepared for assembly. By curing the plate is the processing of the plate that also in the later Installation position the dimensions achieved here can be maintained.
  • the processing of the plate can also be used, for example, to mill recesses for guides which can be used at the ends of the plates are.
  • the guides which for example have a trapezoidal shape Have cross-section and are made of steel, overlap two plates and thus allow an exact alignment of the plates to each other.
  • Per Panel joint have three such guides on the top, bottom and / or the side surfaces of the plate proved to be advantageous for a safe Positioning the plates in the x, y and z directions with respect to each other until the position of the plates is final, e.g. through an infusion is fixed. Through a correspondingly angular arrangement of the cutouts it is possible to lay the polygons to the longitudinal axis of the slab Plates.
  • the precast concrete part is made a last station, namely an assembly station 17.
  • the Assembly station 17 the rail fastenings and, if necessary even mounted the rails themselves on the plate.
  • This pre-assembled plate can be processed very quickly later on the construction site, since largely on adjustment work can be dispensed with after the specifications which are passed to the individual individual plate were already given during processing and could be taken into account during assembly.
  • the individual for one If necessary, a special plate made in the solid carriageway will be made numbered and via a removal wagon 12 a warehouse or transported directly to the construction site.
  • FIG. 1 A front view of a pallet 20 is shown in FIG.
  • the pallet 20 is built on beams 21 and rails 22.
  • On the carriers 21 is the Floor formwork 23 and the side formwork 24 and 24 'arranged.
  • Different undercuts are provided on the side formwork 24 of the end face, to connect adjacent slabs of the slab track to be able to perform.
  • the side formwork 24 is not, for example shown devices can be folded down or removed from the floor formwork, so that the demolding of the later raw part is easily possible.
  • each Clamping device consists of a pressure support 31 and a pulling device 32.
  • the pulling device 32 is about a pivot point 33 of the pressure support 31 rotatably mounted.
  • a tension rod 34 is arranged below the pressure support 31.
  • a second pulling device 32 ' is fixedly arranged on the pressure support 31. With you act together a spindle 40 and a nut 39.
  • the effective length the spindle 40 can be shortened.
  • the shortening takes place, for example, by means of a hydraulic device, which acts on the spindle 40 and its effective length shortened.
  • the traction device 32 rotated about the pivot point 33 and the prestressing steel 35 and the tension rod 34 is stretched.
  • the shortened spindle 40 is by means of the nut 39 fixed.
  • the prestressing steels 35 are connected to the upper end of the pulling device 32 and 32 'connected.
  • the prestressing steels 35 are connected in the present case Embodiment by means of a comb 36, which over a Pivot 37 is connected to the upper end of the pulling device 32.
  • the prestressing steels 35 are preferably an upsetting in the Comb 36 attached. But there are also others previously described Cross-section changes possible.
  • the tensioning device 30 acts independently of the formwork 23, 24, 24 ', so that a deformation of the formwork 23, 24, 24 'when the tension is applied does not occur.
  • the tension is essentially based on the Pressure support 31, which is attached to the frame of the pallet 20.
  • the Pressure support 31 is designed so that a deformation of the pallet 20th is also avoided.
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of a pallet 20.
  • the basic structure the pallet 20 consists of the carriers 21 and the rail 22.
  • On the Beams 21 are constructed of the bottom formwork 23 and the side formwork 24, 24 '.
  • the illustration in FIG. 3 clearly shows that along the pallet 20 a plurality of clamping devices 30 are arranged.
  • Any jig 30 has a pull rod 34.
  • the pull rod 34 is with the pulling device 32 connected, which is supported on the pressure support 31.
  • the Comb 36 At the end the pulling device 32, which lies opposite the pull rod 34, is the Comb 36 arranged.
  • the comb 36 has a plurality of openings 38 in which the prestressing steels can be inserted. By operating a tensioning device 30 a plurality of prestressing steels 35 are thus clamped simultaneously.
  • the tension of the tension rod 34 can be done so that a hydraulic device on the spindle 40 of Figure 2 accesses and shortens them so that two opposite combs 36th be moved apart and thereby tension the prestressing steels 35.
  • a Such tension can be carried out individually per tensioning device 30.
  • several of the clamping devices 30 can also be used simultaneously be tensioned so that the tensioning of the complete pallet 20 faster he follows. The cycle times can thus be reduced.
  • the arrangement of various clamping devices 30 makes it section-wise Structure of the pallet 20 causes.
  • the pallet 20 can thereby be designed more or less long without the basic structure the pallet 20 must be changed.
  • the sections Structure to bring about the introduction of the clamping forces evenly.
  • Such tools can be due to the unusually short prestressing steel 35 may be required.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the pallet 20.
  • the floor formwork 23 has inserts 26, in which Bumps 25 of the slab of the slab track are incorporated. Because of different Fastening systems for those to be mounted on the plate Rails of the train require different hump shapes. This can by simply replacing the inserts 26 with otherwise unchanged Pallet 20 can be realized.
  • Comb 36 arranged in which the six in this embodiment Prestressing steels 35 are received in openings 38.
  • the rails 22 are used to transport the pallet 20 by over Transport systems are led away.
  • the palette 20 can thus Moving station to station. This can be done, for example, by motor driven rollers take place. But it is also possible that instead of Rails 22 rollers are arranged, which in turn on permanently mounted Unroll rails. However, the embodiment shown here has the Advantage that the rails 22 simultaneously to stabilize the pallet 20th and serve to transport the pallet 20.
  • FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of a plate 42 with a rail base.
  • the rail base consists of two bumps 43 and one Edition 44.
  • a rail 45 is fastened between the two bumps 43.
  • the rail 45 is with the help of intermediate layers, which on the one hand the height compensation and on the other hand a damping of the rail 45 cause arranged on the pad 44.
  • the fastening of the rail 45 takes place by means of screws 47 which are in the concrete of the plate 42 by means of dowels 51 are anchored and by means of clips 49, which are on the hump 43 or an angle guide plate 49 and the rail base 45 are supported are.
  • the angle guide plates 49 between the hump 43 and the foot the rail 45 arranged.
  • Rail 45 held in the desired position in the horizontal direction.
  • the angle guide plates 49 can be standard parts that are mutually exclusive largely the same. This is an exchange or any use of the Angle guide plates 49 possible when laying a rail 45.
  • the flanks 50 and the support 44 more or less material are removed, so that the exact alignment the rail 45 in the horizontal and vertical directions already largely determined by the individual design of the rail base is.
  • This method it is even possible to use a radius or a radius Laying the polygon of the track simply by machining the humps 43 or flanks 50 to realize.
  • the plates 42 first become standard manufactured and individualized only by machining. This makes production very fast and therefore inexpensive a plurality of plates 42 possible with a single type of molding.
  • One in Compared to previous manufacturing and assembly methods much faster Production and laying of prefabricated panels 42 makes use of these Systems as fixed lanes even more advantageous.
  • the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments limited.
  • the principle of the pallet can also be used for other components than used for slabs of a solid carriageway.
  • supports or girders are also conceivable, which are also in Circulating production can be manufactured.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Abstract

A method for the production of a precise pre-cast concrete piece, in particular in the form of a sleeper or plate for a fixed track for railed vehicles is disclosed. According to the invention, said method is characterised in that the pre-cast concrete piece is first produced as a blank in a form and then worked, at least in the functionally relevant regions, to the given dimensions.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines präzisen Betonfertigteiles, insbesondere in Form einer Schwelle oder einer Platte einer festen Fahrbahn für schienengeführte Fahrzeuge sowie eine Palette zur Herstellung eines vorgespannten Betonfertigteiles mit einer Schalung und einer Spannvorrichtung für Spannstähte.The present invention relates to a method for producing a precise Precast concrete, in particular in the form of a threshold or a plate a fixed track for rail-guided vehicles and a pallet for the production of a prestressed precast concrete element with formwork and a tensioning device for tensioning rods.

Aus der EP-A-0 289 017 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Betonfertigteiles, insbesondere in Form einer Schwelle bekannt. Aus der DE-A-19 708 734 ist eine Palette gemäß dem Oberbegriff des vorliegenden Anspruchs 33 bekannt.EP-A-0 289 017 describes a method for producing a Precast concrete, especially known in the form of a threshold. Out DE-A-19 708 734 is a pallet according to the preamble of the present claim 33 known.

Als Betonfertigteile werden beispielsweise feste Fahrbahnen für schienengeführte Fahrzeuge, Wandelemente oder andere Träger oder Stützen hergestellt. In den meisten Anwendungsfällen von Betonfertigteilen ist keine besondere Präzision hinsichtlich der Maße des Teiles erforderlich. Die üblichen, im Betonhandwerk erreichbaren Toleranzen sind hierbei ausreichend. Werden auf die Betonfertigteile andere Bauteile montiert, welche besonders enge Toleranzen einhalten müssen, so erfolgt dies üblicherweise mit Einstelleinrichtungen, so daß aus dem Beton herrührende Ungenauigkeiten ausgeglichen werden können. Insbesondere bei der Herstellung von festen Fahrbahnen, wie sie beispielsweise aus der DE 197 33 909 A1 bekannt sind, werden deshalb Schienenbefestigungen an den einzelnen Stützpunkten verwendet, welche in mehreren Richtungen die Schiene verstellbar machen, um die engen Toleranzen zwischen den einzelnen Schienen einhalten zu können. Außerdem werden elastische Zwischenlagen zwischen dem Betonfertigteil und der Schiene verwendet, welche unterschiedliche Dicken aufweisen um den Schienenkopf in der geforderten Höhe positionieren zu können. Hierdurch sind viele unterschiedlich dicke Zwischenlagen erforderlich, um die relativ großen Toleranzen des Betonteiles ausgleichen zu können. Die Zwischenlagen und die einstellbaren Schienenbefestigungen sind aufwendig in der Herstellung, Montage und Lagerhaltung. As precast concrete, for example, solid carriageways for rail-guided Vehicles, wall elements or other supports or supports are manufactured. In most applications of precast concrete there is none special precision with regard to the dimensions of the part is required. The usual, Tolerances that can be achieved in the concrete trade are sufficient. Are other components mounted on the precast concrete parts, which are special have to adhere to tight tolerances, this is usually done with adjustment devices, so that inaccuracies resulting from the concrete can be compensated. Especially in the manufacture of solid Roadways, as are known for example from DE 197 33 909 A1, are therefore rail fastenings at the individual bases used, which make the rail adjustable in several directions, to comply with the tight tolerances between the individual rails can. In addition, there are elastic intermediate layers between the precast concrete and the rail used, which have different thicknesses to be able to position the rail head at the required height. As a result, many intermediate layers of different thickness are required to achieve the to be able to compensate for relatively large tolerances of the concrete part. The liners and the adjustable rail fastenings are elaborate in manufacturing, assembly and warehousing.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es somit ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit welcher Betonfertigteile herstellbar sind, welche engere als bisher übliche Toleranzen für Aufbauteile ermöglichen. Es wird damit der Aufwand für die Herstellung, Ausrüstung und Montage der Betonbauteile sowie der Schienen und deren Befestigung erheblich reduziert.The object of the present invention is therefore a method and a device to create with which precast concrete parts can be produced, which allow tighter tolerances for body parts than usual. It will thus the effort for the manufacture, equipment and assembly of the concrete components and the rails and their attachment significantly reduced.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 und 33.The object is achieved by the features of independent claims 1 and 33.

Erfindungsgemäß wird bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines präzisen Betonfertigteiles, insbesondere in Form einer Schwelle oder Platte für eine feste Fahrbahn für schienengeführte Fahrzeuge das Betonfertigteil zuerst in einer Schalung als Rohteil hergestellt. Anschließend wird es in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung durch mehrtägige Lagerung ausgehärtet und sodann, zumindest an den funktionsrelevanten Teilen, falls erforderlich Material, beispielsweise Kunststoff aufgetragen und/oder spanend auf das vorbestimmte Maß abgearbeitet. Durch die mehrtägige Lagerung härtet das Betonfertigteil weitgehend aus, wodurch es bis nahezu seinem endgültigen Zustand kriecht und schwindet. Hierdurch wird ein Bauteil erhalten, welches weitgehend maßhaltig ist und sich somit auch bei seinem späteren Einsatz auf einer Baustelle kaum mehr verändern wird. Auf dieser Grundlage wird die Nachbearbeitung der funktionsrelevanten Stellen vorgenommen. Die Nachbearbeitung kann auch auf den inzwischen montierten Schienenbefestigungen erfolgen, welche insbesondere dann, wenn das Bauteil ausgehärtet ist, ebenfalls sehr maßgenau bearbeitet werden kann.According to the invention, in a method for producing a precise Precast concrete, especially in the form of a threshold or plate for one solid roadway for rail-guided vehicles, the precast element first in formwork as a blank. Then it becomes more advantageous Embodiment of the invention cured by storage for several days and then, at least on the functionally relevant parts, material if necessary, for example, plastic applied and / or machined to the predetermined Made to measure. This hardens through storage for several days Precast concrete largely made, making it almost its final Condition creeps and fades. This gives a component which is largely true to size and thus also in its later use will hardly change on a construction site. On this basis, post-processing of the functionally relevant positions. The Post-processing can also be carried out on the rail fastenings that have now been installed take place, especially when the component has hardened is, can also be edited very accurately.

Werden als funktionsrelevante Stellen Montageflächen für die Montage der Schiene oder Verbindungsstellen einer Verbindung mehrerer Betonfertigteile miteinander bearbeitet, so werden sehr exakt definierte Schnittstellen für den Anbau von weiteren Bauteilen erhalten.Are assembly areas for the assembly of the Rail or connection points of a connection of several precast concrete parts processed together, so very precisely defined interfaces for the Cultivation of other components received.

Werden die bearbeiteten Stellen hinsichtlich des Ist-Maßes kontrolliert, so ist sichergestellt, daß das geforderte Soll-Maß gleichbleibend erhalten wird und auf der Baustelle eine Nacharbeit nicht mehr erforderlich ist.If the processed positions are checked with regard to the actual size, then is ensured that the required target dimension is maintained consistently and Rework is no longer required on the construction site.

Wird bei der Bearbeitung der funktionsrelevanten Stellen der aktuelle Verschleiß des Werkzeuges berücksichtigt, so ist eine weitere Maßnahme getroffen, daß das geforderte Sollmaß sehr genau erhalten wird..Will the current wear when processing the functionally relevant points of the tool is taken into account, another measure has been taken, that the required target dimension is obtained very precisely ..

Vorteilhafterweise hat das Rohteil Schienenstützpunkte, welche entsprechend den individuellen Erfordernissen des Betonfertigteiles auf das in der späteren Trasse erforderliche, vorbestimmte Maß bearbeitet werden. Es werden damit Bauteile erhalten, welche für einen speziellen Einsatzort in einer Trasse vorgesehen sein können. Zur Schienenbefestigung können relativ einfache Standard-Bauteile verwendet werden, welche sich nicht voneinander unterscheiden. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß beim Austausch von Schienen oder Schienenbefestigungen keine Rücksicht auf den speziellen Einsatzort genommen werden muß und daher beliebige Teile verwendet oder untereinander ausgetauscht werden können. Eine individuelle Bearbeitung der Befestigungsteile ist dadurch nicht notwendig.The raw part advantageously has rail support points, which correspondingly the individual requirements of the precast concrete on the in the required, predetermined dimensions to be processed later. It components are obtained which are suitable for a special location in a route can be provided. Rail fastening can be relative simple standard components are used, which are not different from each other differ. This has the advantage that when exchanging Rails or rail fasteners take no account of the special Must be taken and therefore any parts used or can be interchanged. An individual processing the fastening parts are not necessary.

Wenn zuerst das Bauteil ausgehärtet wird und sich später nicht mehr verändern wird, wird auch die bearbeitete Stelle das so bearbeitete Maß beibehalten. Werden anschließend hierauf andere Bauteile, wie beispielsweise Schienen auf der festen Fahrbahn montiert, so sind auch diese sehr präzise auf dem Bauteil zu befestigen. Insbesondere feste Fahrbahnen können dabei so ausgebildet werden, daß die funktionsrelevanten Flächen relativ gering sind. Es bietet sich hierbei beispielsweise an, die feste Fahrbahn mit Höcker auszubilden, welche die Stützpunkte für die Gleise darstellen. Es müssen somit nur diese Stützpunkte bearbeitet werden. Es sind aber natürlich auch andere Formen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren herstellbar. Das übrige Betonfertigteil kann in einem Toleranzbereich liegen, wie er üblich für die Herstellung von Betonfertigteilen ist. Durch eine entsprechende Bearbeitung der funktionsrelevanten Stellen kann darüber hinaus ein individuelles Betonfertigteil hergestellt werden. Es ist somit möglich, bei festen Fahrbahnen, welche aus einer Vielzahl geradliniger Platten zusammengesetzt sind, durch eine Bearbeitung der entsprechenden Stützpunkte auch Radien zu verwirklichen.If the component is hardened first and does not change later the machined position will also maintain the dimension so machined. Then other components, such as Rails mounted on the fixed carriageway are also very precise to be attached to the component. In particular, solid roadways can be designed so that the functionally relevant areas are relatively small are. It is advisable, for example, to include the solid carriageway Form humps, which are the bases for the tracks. It only these bases need to be edited. But it is natural other shapes can also be produced using the method according to the invention. The rest of the precast concrete can be within a tolerance range, as is customary for the production of precast concrete. By an appropriate Processing the functionally relevant positions can also be an individual Precast concrete can be manufactured. It is thus possible for fixed Roadways, which are composed of a large number of straight plates are, by editing the corresponding bases Realizing radii.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Rohteil des Betonfertigteiles in Umlauffertigung hergestellt wird. Hierdurch kann gewährleistet werden, daß eine stets gleichbleibende Präzision des Rohteiles gewährleistet wird, wodurch auch die spanende Bearbeitung anschließend unter gleichbleibenden Voraussetzungen erfolgen kann. Die Präzision des Endteiles kann somit gewährleistet werden. Außerdem kann aus standardisierten Rohteilen eine Vielzahl individueller Fertigteile hergestellt werden. Darüber hinaus ist durch die Umlauffertigung ein wesentlich kostengünstiges Herstellungsverfahren gewählt. Die Bauteile können in einem Mehrschichtbetrieb hergestellt werden, wobei während der Trocknung der Bauteile bereits andere Formen wieder präpariert und gefüllt werden können.It is particularly advantageous if the raw part of the precast concrete part is in circulation will be produced. This can ensure that a constant precision of the raw part is always guaranteed, whereby also the machining afterwards under the same conditions can be done. The precision of the end part can thus be guaranteed become. In addition, one can be made from standardized raw parts A large number of individual finished parts can be manufactured. In addition, is by circulating production is a much cheaper manufacturing process selected. The components can be manufactured in a multi-shift operation, with other shapes again during the drying of the components can be prepared and filled.

Bisher war es nicht wirtschaftlich, Betonfertigteile mit der hier geforderten Präzision in Umlauffertigung herzustellen. Durch die vorliegende Erfindung ist es aber gelungen, mittels der entsprechenden Nachbearbeitung der Bauteile die Bauteile besonders kostengünstig auch in Umlauffertigung herstellen zu können. Ein weiteres Vorurteil war, daß durch die Umlauffertigung stets nur gleiche Bauteile wirtschaftlich herstellbar sind, während aber, insbesondere für die feste Fahrbahn meist sehr individuelle Bauteile erforderlich sind, um dem jeweiligen Streckenverlauf gerecht zu werden. Durch die Nachbearbeitung ist es nunmehr möglich, ausgehend von einem Standardteil individuelle Bauteile, welche durchnumeriert werden, zu schaffen.So far, it has not been economical to use precast concrete with the required here Manufacturing precision in circular production. By the present invention but has succeeded in using the appropriate postprocessing of the Components produce the components in a cost-effective way, also in circulation production to be able to. Another prejudice was that by circulating only the same components can always be produced economically, but, in particular Very individual components are usually required for the solid carriageway are to do justice to the respective route. Through the Post-processing is now possible, starting from a standard part to create individual components that are numbered.

Vorteilhafterweise wird das Rohteil und dessen Schalung und/oder eine Spannvorrichtung für Spannstähle des Rohteils während der Fertigung des Rohteils auf bewegbaren Paletten befördert. Hierdurch sind alle herstellungsrelevanten Bauteile für das Rohteil auf der bewegbaren Palette angeordnet und können so den Fertigungsprozeß durchlaufen.Advantageously, the blank and its formwork and / or a Clamping device for prestressing steels of the blank during the production of the Blank transported on movable pallets. As a result, all manufacturing-relevant Components for the raw part are arranged on the movable pallet and can go through the manufacturing process.

Um eine komplette Herstellung des Rohteiles zu gewährleisten, ist die Umlauffertigung in verschiedene Bearbeitungsstationen unterteilt. Insbesondere sind eine Reinigungsstation, eine Dübel- und Spindelmontagestation für die Platte der festen Fahrbahn, eine Bewehrungsstation, eine Spannstation, eine Betonierstation mit oder ohne einer Verdichtungsstation, eine Trockenkammer, eine Entspann- und Entschalungsstation und/oder eine Rohteilentnahmestation vorgesehen. In der jeweiligen Station wird die dort befindliche Palette entsprechend bearbeitet und präpariert, um schließlich das Rohteil als Endprodukt entstehen zu lassen. Jede einzelne Station ist dabei spezialisiert auf eine oder mehrere spezielle Tätigkeiten. Es kann daher auch vorteilhafterweise vorgesehen sein, daß in jeder Station Roboter vorgesehen sind, welche alle oder einen Großteil der erforderlichen Arbeiten ausführen können. Um zu vermeiden, daß an einzelnen Stationen nicht weitergearbeitet werden kann, weil es an anderen Stationen Stillstände gibt oder dort längere Arbeitszeiträume erforderlich sind, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn zwischen zwei Stationen Puffer vorgesehen sind, in welchen die bewegbaren Paletten zwischengelagert werden können.In order to guarantee a complete production of the raw part, the circular production is divided into different processing stations. In particular are a cleaning station, a dowel and spindle assembly station for the Slab of slab track, a reinforcement station, a tensioning station, a Concreting station with or without a compacting station, a drying chamber, a relaxation and demoulding station and / or a blank removal station intended. The pallet located there is in the respective station processed and prepared accordingly, to finally use the blank as To create the end product. Every single station is specialized on one or more special activities. It can therefore also be advantageous be provided that robots are provided in each station, which can carry out all or a large part of the required work. To avoid having to stop working at individual stations because there are downtimes at other stations or longer ones there Working periods are required, it is advantageous if between two Stations buffers are provided, in which the movable pallets are temporarily stored can be.

Vorteilhafterweise wird ein Teil der in dem Rohteil angeordneten Bewehrung vorgespannt. Hierdurch wird ein sehr stabiles Rohteil erhalten, welches auch bei der Verlegung auf der Baustelle sowie während des späteren Einsatzes weitgehend formbeständig bleibt und hohe Belastungen aufnehmen kann. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Bewehrung, insbesondere bei Platten einer festen Fahrbahn in Quer- und Längsrichtung des Rohteiles angeordnet. Typische Maße für Platten einer festen Fahrbahn sind Längen von ca. 6,50 m und Breiten zwischen 2,40 m und 3 m. Durch die Anordnung der Spannbewehrung in Querrichtung des Rohteiles, d.h. entlang der Breite des Rohteiles sind relativ kurze Spannstähle erforderlich. Pro Platte sind Vorspannungen von mehr als 400 Tonnen auf die Spannstähle erforderlich. Durch die kurzen Längen der Spannstähle ist eine präzise und hinsichtlich der einzelnen Spannstähle weitgehend gleichmäßige Vorspannung erforderlich, um ein gleichmäßig stabiles Bauteil schaffen zu können. Außerdem ist es erforderlich, daß durch die Vorspannung die Schalung des Rohteiles und damit die Form des Bauteiles nicht verändert wird. Es ist deshalb erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die Spannstähle unabhängig von der Schalung bzw. Schalfläche gespannt werden. Hierdurch wird wiederum ein sehr präzises Rohteil und somit ebenfalls ein sehr präzises Endprodukt erhalten, da die Vorspannung nicht in die Schalung eingeleitet wird, sondern an eigenen, extra dafür vorgesehenen Vorspanneinrichtungen. Die Schalung hat somit lediglich die Betonkräfte aufzunehmen und kann damit in üblicher Weise ausgeführt werden.Advantageously, part of the reinforcement arranged in the raw part biased. This gives a very stable raw part, which also when laying on the construction site and during later use largely remains stable and can absorb high loads. The reinforcement is advantageous, especially in the case of slabs Lane arranged in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the blank. typical Dimensions for slabs of a solid carriageway are lengths of approx. 6.50 m and Widths between 2.40 m and 3 m. By arranging the reinforcement in the transverse direction of the blank, i.e. along the width of the blank relatively short prestressing steels are required. There are prestresses per plate of more than 400 tons required on the prestressing steels. Because of the short Length of prestressing steel is precise and in terms of individual Prestressing steels largely require uniform pre-tensioning in order to to be able to create an evenly stable component. It is also necessary that by the prestressing the formwork of the blank and thus the Shape of the component is not changed. It is therefore according to the invention provided that the prestressing steel independent of the formwork or formwork surface be excited. This in turn becomes a very precise blank and thus also get a very precise end product because of the preload is not introduced into the formwork, but on its own, specially for this provided pre-tensioning devices. The formwork therefore only has that Absorb concrete forces and can be carried out in the usual way.

Alternativ, allerdings mit einer wesentlich stabileren Schalung, kann die Spannung sich auch auf der Schalung abstützen. Dies ist ausreichend, wenn an die Umfangsgestaltung der Bauteile keine hohen Anforderungen gestellt werden.Alternatively, but with a much more stable formwork, the The tension is also supported on the formwork. This is sufficient if no high demands were placed on the circumferential design of the components become.

Um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Spannkraft auf die Spannstähle aufbringen zu können, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn mehrere Spannstähle gleichzeitig gespannt werden. Sind mehrere Spannstähle mittels einer Weg- und/oder Kraftausgleichseinrichtung miteinander verbunden, so wird eine gleichmäßige Spannung der Spannstähle ermöglicht.To apply the most uniform clamping force to the prestressing steels To be able to clamp several prestressing steels at the same time become. Are several prestressing steels by means of a path and / or Force balancing device connected to each other, so a uniform Tensioning the prestressing steels enables.

Neu und erfinderisch ist es, daß die Spannstähle zu Sektionen zusammengefaßt werden und die Sektionen einzeln, gruppenweise oder zusammen gespannt oder entspannt werden. Hierdurch sind zumindest einzelne Bereiche mit jeweils gleicher Spannkraft versehen, wodurch das Rohteil sehr gleichmäßig und stabil hergestellt werden kann.It is new and inventive that the prestressing steel is combined into sections and the sections individually, in groups or together be excited or relaxed. This is at least individual areas provided with the same clamping force, making the blank very can be produced evenly and stably.

Vorteilhafterweise, insbesondere wenn gewisse Hinterschneidungen vorgesehen sind, wird zum Entschalen erst die Seitenschalung und anschließend die Bodenschalung von dem Rohteil entfernt. Um das Rohteil von der Bodenschalung trennen zu können hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft und erfinderisch herausgestellt, daß in der Schalung Öffnungen integriert sind, durch welche Stempel eingefahren werden können. Hierdurch wird das Rohteil von der Bodenschalung sehr schonend getrennt. Die späteren Bearbeitungsstellen werden hierbei nicht verletzt und es sind darüber hinaus keine Anschlagpunkte für Hebezeuge nötig. Es wird lediglich das Bauteil selbst angehoben.Advantageously, especially if certain undercuts are provided are used for formwork removal, first the side formwork and then the floor formwork removed from the raw part. To the blank from the floor formwork Being able to separate has proven to be particularly advantageous and inventive emphasized that openings are integrated in the formwork, by which stamps can be inserted. This will make the blank from the floor formwork separated very gently. The later processing points are not injured and there are no anchor points necessary for hoists. Only the component itself is raised.

Bei komplizierten Bauteilen, insbesondere wie es bei festen Fahrbahnen mit Höckern als Stützpunkten der Fall ist, ist unter Umständen das Entformen des Rohteils in Verbindung mit dem Lösen der Spannkräfte problematisch. Das Problem entsteht dadurch, daß beim Lösen der Spannvorrichtung das Bauteil durch die dann auf das Bauteil einwirkenden Spannkräfte geringfügig zusammengedrückt wird und sich dadurch möglicherweise in der Form klemmt. Das Abheben des Rohteils aus der Schalung ist damit nicht immer möglich, ohne daß das Rohteil beschädigt wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird daher vorgeschlagen, daß zuerst das Rohteil von der Bodenschalung gelöst wird und erst anschließend die Spannkraft auf das Bauteil einwirkt. Dies kann sowohl vollständig als auch nach und nach erfolgen, d. h., daß beispielsweise erst das Rohteil leicht aus der Bodenschalung abgehoben wird, sodann die Spannung leicht oder vollständig nachgelassen wird und erst in einem nächsten Arbeitsschritt das Rohteil vollständig von der Bodenschalung abgehoben wird. Alternativ kann auch vorgesehen werden, daß dieser Vorgang kontinuierlich erfolgt, d. h., daß gleichzeitig das Rohteil von der Bodenschalung gelöst und die Spannung der Spannstähle gelöst wird. Wichtig ist dabei in jedem Falle, daß vermieden wird, daß durch das Lösen der Spannung das Bauteil so weit schrumpft, daß das Bauteil nur erschwert aus der Bodenschalung abhebbar ist. Bei einfachen Bauteilen oder entsprechenden Einsätzen kann natürlich auch erst entspannt und anschließend entformt werden. In the case of complicated components, in particular as is the case with solid carriageways If humps are the basis, demolding may be necessary the raw part in connection with the release of the clamping forces problematic. The problem arises from the fact that when loosening the clamping device Component slightly due to the clamping forces then acting on the component is squeezed, possibly resulting in shape stuck. Lifting the raw part out of the formwork is not always so possible without damaging the raw part. According to the invention suggested that the raw part be detached from the floor formwork first and only then does the clamping force act on the component. This can done both fully and gradually, d. that is, for example first the raw part is lifted slightly from the floor formwork, then the tension eases slightly or completely and only in one the next step, the blank is completely lifted off the floor formwork becomes. Alternatively, it can also be provided that this process continuously, d. that is, the blank from the floor formwork released and the tension of the prestressing steel is released. It is important in any case, that it is avoided that by releasing the tension The component shrinks so much that the component is difficult to remove from the floor formwork can be lifted off. For simple components or appropriate uses can of course also be relaxed first and then removed from the mold.

Um das Lagern der Rohteile in einem Aushärtlager sowie den Transport dorthin zu erleichtern, ist vorteilhafterweise vorgesehen, daß nach dem Entschalen überstehende Spannstähle abgetrennt werden. Die Rohteile können dadurch senkrecht stehend beispielsweise zum Aushärten gelagert werden.To store the raw parts in a hardening warehouse and transport them To facilitate there, it is advantageously provided that after demoulding protruding prestressing steels are separated. The raw parts can thereby stored vertically, for example for curing.

Das Rohteil wird vorteilhafterweise mittels eines Abtransportwagens in das Aushärtlager und später vom Aushärtlager zu einer Nachbearbeitungsstation transportiert.The blank is advantageously brought into the by means of a removal trolley Curing storage and later from curing storage to a post-processing station transported.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, wenn die Bearbeitung des Rohteils auf einer Betonfräs- oder Schleifmaschine erfolgt. Derartige stationäre Maschinen können beispielsweise in Portalbauweise ausgeführt sein und garantieren eine besonders präzise Bearbeitung der Bauteile. Die Bauteile können für die Bearbeitung entsprechend ihrer späteren Montagelage definiert gelagert werden und in dieser Lage bearbeitet werden. Es kann aber auch durch rechnerische Methoden die spätere Einbaulage in Relation zu der tatsächlichen Bearbeitungslage berechnet werden und mit der computergesteuerten Bearbeitungsmaschine die entsprechenden Bearbeitungen vorgenommen werden. Vorteilhafterweise, insbesondere bei Platten von festen Fahrbahnen wird die Bearbeitung, welche häufig spanend sein wird, an den späteren Auflageflächen der Schiene oder Schienenbefestigung und/oder an Zentrierstellen der festen Fahrbahn vorgenommen. An den Zentrierstellen ist die Verbindung zu weiteren festen Fahrbahnplatten vorgesehen, so daß insgesamt ein definiertes Schienenbett, das auf einer Vielzahl einzelner Platten zusammengesetzt ist, entsteht.It has proven to be particularly advantageous when machining the blank done on a concrete milling or grinding machine. Such stationary Machines can, for example, be designed in portal construction and guarantee particularly precise machining of the components. The components can be defined for machining according to their later mounting position be stored and processed in this position. But it can also by means of computational methods in relation to the later installation position the actual processing position can be calculated and with the computer-controlled Processing machine the corresponding processing be made. Advantageously, especially with plates of solid Roadways will start machining, which will often be machining the later contact surfaces of the rail or rail fastening and / or at centering points of the solid carriageway. To the Centering points are provided for the connection to other solid carriageway slabs, so that overall a defined rail bed that on a variety of individual plates is created.

Vorteilhafterweise werden bereits in der Fertigungshalle, möglichst unmittelbar nach der Bearbeitung auf der festen Fahrbahn die Schienenbefestigungen und gegebenenfalls auch die Schienen montiert. Die komplette Platte kann anschließend an die Baustelle ausgeliefert werden und an dem vorgesehenen Platz eingebaut werden. Advantageously, as soon as possible in the production hall after processing on the solid carriageway, the rail fastenings and, if necessary, also mounted the rails. The complete plate can then be delivered to the construction site and at the designated Space to be installed.

Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Palette zur Herstellung eines vorgespannten Betonfertigteiles mit einer Schalung und einer Spannvorrichtung für Spannstähle ist die Spannvorrichtung unabhängig von der Schalung gelagert. Hierdurch ist es möglich, ein Rohteil zu schaffen, welches für eine spätere Bearbeitung beste Voraussetzungen bietet, um sehr präzise Maße und sehr enge Toleranzen zu schaffen. Dadurch, daß die Spannvorrichtung unabhängig von der Schalfläche gelagert ist, wird bewirkt, daß die Schalung lediglich die Kräfte des Betons, aber nicht die Kräfte der Spanneinrichtung aufnehmen muß und somit die Formhaltigkeit des Bauteils gewährleistet wird. Außerdem ist das Entschalen und Spannen des Rohteiles unabhängig voneinander durchführbar.In a pallet according to the invention for the production of a prestressed Precast concrete with formwork and a clamping device for prestressing steels the tensioning device is mounted independently of the formwork. hereby it is possible to create a blank, which is used for later processing offers the best conditions to very precise dimensions and very tight Creating tolerances. The fact that the clamping device regardless of the formwork surface is stored, the formwork is caused only the Take up the forces of the concrete, but not the forces of the tensioning device must and thus the dimensional stability of the component is guaranteed. Moreover the stripping and clamping of the blank is independent of each other feasible.

Vorteilhafterweise ist die Spannvorrichtung derart aufgebaut, daß sie mindestens eine Druckstütze und mindestens eine Zugeinrichtung aufweist. Die Druckstütze ist unabhängig von der Schalung und daher dazu geeignet, die Zugkräfte, welche auf die Spannstähle wirken, aufzunehmen. Konstruktiv besonders einfach ist es, wenn die Zugeinrichtung um die Druckstütze herum drehbar gelagert ist.The tensioning device is advantageously constructed in such a way that it at least has a pressure support and at least one pulling device. The Pressure support is independent of the formwork and therefore suitable for the Absorb tensile forces acting on the prestressing steels. constructive It is particularly simple if the traction device around the pressure support is rotatably mounted.

Sind an einem Ende der Zugeinrichtung mindestens ein Zugstab und an dem anderen Ende mindestens eine Befestigungsvorrichtung für Spannstähle angeordnet, so kann mittels der Zugeinrichtung durch eine Drehung um die Druckstütze, welche zwischen der Zugeinrichtung und der Befestigungsvorrichtung für die Spannstähle angeordnet ist, die Krafteinleitung auf die Spannstähle sehr vorteilhaft durchgeführt werden.Are at least one pull rod at one end of the pulling device and at the at the other end at least one fastening device for prestressing steels arranged, can by means of the traction device by rotating around the Pressure support, which between the traction device and the fastening device is arranged for the prestressing steel, the application of force to the Prestressing steels can be carried out very advantageously.

Um die insbesondere für feste Fahrbahnen erforderlichen sehr hohen Zugkräfte aufzubringen, ist vorteilhafterweise vorgesehen, daß die Befestigungseinrichtung mittels einer oder mehrerer Spanneinheiten, insbesondere mittels einer Hydraulikeinrichtung gespannt und verriegelt werden. Die Spanneinheit kann anschließend wieder von der Befestigungseinrichtung entfernt werden und für den nächsten Spannvorgang eingesetzt werden. In order to achieve the very high tensile forces required, in particular, for solid roadways to apply, it is advantageously provided that the fastening device by means of one or more clamping units, in particular be tensioned and locked by means of a hydraulic device. The Clamping unit can then be removed from the fastening device removed and used for the next clamping process.

Um die Krafteinleitung auf die Spannstähle möglichst gleichmäßig einleiten zu können, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Befestigungsvorrichtung ein Kamm ist, in welchem mehrere Spannstähle eingehängt werden können. Die Spannung der Spannstähle erfolgt dann über eine Bewegung des Kammes in Richtung der Längsachse der Spannstähle, wodurch die Spannstähle gedehnt werden. Zum Entspannen wird der Kamm in die entgegengesetzte Richtung bewegt, wodurch die Spannstähle versuchen sich zu entspannen und damit in die Betonplatte eine Druckspannung einbringen. Um zu vermeiden, daß es innerhalb der Zugeinrichtung und der Befestigungsvorrichtung bzw. des Kammes zu Verspannungen kommt, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Befestigungsvorrichtung bzw. der Kamm an der Zugeinrichtung drehbar angeordnet ist.Apply the force transmission to the prestressing steels as evenly as possible To be able to, it is advantageous if the fastening device is a comb, in which several prestressing steels can be hung. The voltage The prestressing steels then take place by moving the comb in the direction the longitudinal axis of the prestressing steel, whereby the prestressing steel is stretched. To relax, the comb is moved in the opposite direction, whereby the prestressing steel try to relax and thus in apply a compressive stress to the concrete slab. To avoid it within the pulling device and the fastening device or the Comb comes to tension, it is advantageous if the fastening device or the comb is rotatably arranged on the traction device is.

Zum Einhängen der Spannstähle in den Kamm ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Spannstähle an den Enden aufgestaucht sind und somit eine Verbreiterung bilden. Diese Verbreiterung schafft eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Bewehrungsstahl und dem Kamm. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Verbindung zwischen dem Bewehrungsstahl und dem Kamm mittels Muttern, welche über den Bewehrungsstahl geschraubt sind, oder mittels einzelnen Klemmvorrichtungen zu schaffen. Durch den Kamm und die formschlüssige Verbindung der Spannstähle mit dem Kamm ist ein automatisches Einhängen der Spannstähle in den Kamm sehr einfach zu realisieren, da die Spannstähle lediglich in einer Richtung über die Öffnungen des Kammes gelegt werden müssen. Durch Einsatz beispielsweise einer Hydraulikeinrichtung werden die Kämme, welche jeweils an einem Ende der Spannstähle angeordnet sind, voneinander weg bewegt und bewirken somit die Spannung der Spannstähle.To hang the prestressing steel in the comb, it is advantageous if the Prestressing steels are upset at the ends and thus widen form. This broadening creates a positive connection between the reinforcing steel and the comb. But it is also possible that Connection between the reinforcing steel and the comb by means of nuts, which are screwed over the reinforcing steel, or by means of individual To create clamps. Through the comb and the form-fitting The connection of the prestressing steel with the comb is an automatic hooking of the prestressing steels in the comb very easy to implement because the Prestressing steels only in one direction over the openings of the comb must be placed. By using, for example, a hydraulic device are the combs, each at one end of the prestressing steels are arranged, moved away from each other and thus cause the tension of prestressing steels.

Um die Palette und wesentliche Teile der Schalung für verschiedene Rohteile einsetzen zu können, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Schalung mit verschiedenen Einsätzen ausgerüstet werden kann. So ist es beispielsweise im Falle einer festen Fahrbahn möglich, auf verschiedene Befestigungssysteme für die Schienen derart einzugehen, daß durch die unterschiedlichen Einsätze unterschiedliche Formen der Stützpunkte für die Gleisbefestigung geschaffen werden. Die Einsätze, welche wahlweise in die Grundschalung eingelegt werden können, sind jeweils so ausgestaltet, daß sie für eine bestimmte Befestigungsmethode der Schienen geeignet sind. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die Einsätze derart ausgebildet sein, daß sie die Schalung in mehrere Bauteile unterteilen. Hierdurch werden in einer einzigen Palette gleichzeitig mehrere Rohteile hergestellt, wobei jedes für sich vorgespannt sein kann.To the pallet and essential parts of the formwork for various raw parts To be able to use it is advantageous if the formwork with different Inserts can be equipped. This is the case, for example possible on a fixed carriageway, on different fastening systems for enter the rails in such a way that through the different inserts different forms of the bases for the track attachment created become. The inserts, which are optionally inserted in the basic formwork can be designed so that they are for a specific Fastening method of the rails are suitable. Alternatively or additionally the inserts can be designed such that they form the formwork in several Subdivide components. This will be in a single palette at the same time produced several raw parts, each of which can be pre-stressed.

Um Hinterschneidungen, insbesondere im Bereich der Stirnseiten der Platten von festen Fahrbahnen schaffen zu können, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Seitenschalung oder Teile davon von der Bodenschalung entfernbar sind. Ein weiterer Vorteil hierbei ist, daß das Einlegen der Spannstähle in die Kämme automatisch erfolgen kann. Erst nach dem Einlegen der Stähle wird ein Teil der Seitenschalungen befestigt, wodurch die Formgebung des Rohteiles bewirkt wird. Die Seitenschalungen weisen entsprechende Ausnehmungen oder Teilungen auf, so daß die Spannstähle durch die Seitenschalung hindurchgeführt werden können. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wie bereits oben erläutert wurde, wenn die Schalung jeweils unabhängig von der Spanneinrichtung ist und somit auch unabhängig hiervon angebaut oder abgebaut werden kann.To undercuts, especially in the area of the face of the panels to be able to create solid roads, it is advantageous if the Side formwork or parts thereof can be removed from the floor formwork. Another advantage here is that the insertion of the prestressing steel into the Combs can be done automatically. Only after inserting the steels part of the side formwork is attached, thereby shaping the raw part is effected. The side formwork has corresponding recesses or divisions so that the prestressing steel through the side formwork can be passed through. As already mentioned, it is particularly advantageous Was explained above if the formwork is independent of the tensioning device is and thus also grown or dismantled independently of it can be.

Durch die Einteilung der Spannvorrichtung in einzelne Sektionen ist es in vorteilhafter Ausführung der Erfindung möglich, die Spannstähle gleichzeitig oder nacheinander zu spannen. Außerdem werden vorteilhafterweise pro Sektion gleichzeitig mehrere Spannstähle gespannt, so daß eine gleichmäßige Vorspannung und Einbringung der Vorspannkraft in die Spannstähle ermöglicht wird. Dies sorgt für eine gleichmäßige Festigkeit des Bauteils.By dividing the clamping device into individual sections, it is in advantageous embodiment of the invention possible, the prestressing steels simultaneously or to stretch one after the other. In addition, pro Section clamped several prestressing steels simultaneously, so that an even Prestressing and introduction of the prestressing force into the prestressing steels is made possible. This ensures an even strength of the component.

Um die Palette für die Umlauffertigung vorteilhaft auszugestalten, ist vorgesehen, daß sie Schienen oder Rollen aufweist. Hierdurch ist eine Bewegung der Palette von Station zu Station der Umlauffertigung sehr einfach zu realisieren.In order to advantageously design the pallet for circulation production, it is provided that that it has rails or rollers. This is a movement the pallet from station to station of the rotary production can be realized very easily.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung sind in den nachfolgenden Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben. Es zeigt:

Figur 1
eine Fertigungsanlage,
Figur 2
eine Palette in Vorderansicht,
Figur 3
eine Palette in Seitenansicht,
Figur 4
eine Palette in perspektivischer Ansicht,
Figur 5
ein Schienenstützpunkt.
Further advantages of the invention are described in the following exemplary embodiments. It shows:
Figure 1
a manufacturing facility,
Figure 2
a pallet in front view,
Figure 3
a pallet in side view,
Figure 4
a pallet in perspective view,
Figure 5
a rail base.

In Figur 1 sind die verschiedenen Stationen der erfindungsgemäßen Umlauffertigung 1 zur Herstellung von präzisen Betonfertigteilen, insbesondere aus Faserbeton dargestellt. Eine Palette 20 wird einem ersten Puffer 2 über herkömmliche Fördereinrichtungen zugeführt. Aus dem Puffer 2 gelangt die Palette 20 in eine Reinigungsstation 3. Hier wird die Schalung und gegebenenfalls die Spanneinrichtung gereinigt, um eine sichere Funktionsfähigkeit zu gewährleisten. In der Reinigungsstation 3 stehen hierfür beispielsweise Staubsauger zur Verfügung, welche vorteilhafterweise mittels Roboter bedient werden und die Palette 20 reinigen.In Figure 1 are the various stations of the rotary production according to the invention 1 for the production of precise precast concrete parts, in particular represented from fiber concrete. A pallet 20 is placed over a first buffer 2 conventional conveyors supplied. From buffer 2 the Pallet 20 in a cleaning station 3. Here the formwork and if necessary the tensioning device cleaned to ensure safe functioning to ensure. In the cleaning station 3 there are, for example Vacuum cleaner available, which is advantageously operated by means of robots and clean the pallet 20.

Nachdem die Palette 20 beziehungsweise die Schalung gereinigt ist, wird sie einem weiteren Puffer 2 zugeführt. Aus diesem Puffer 2 wird anschließend in der Station 4 die Dübel- bzw. Spindelmontage durchgeführt. Die Dübel und Spindeln sind insbesondere in einer Platte einer festen Fahrbahn für schienengeführte Fahrzeuge erforderlich. Mittels den Spindeln wird später auf der Baustelle oder zur Bearbeitung die Lage der Platte ausgerichtet. Über die Dübel werden die Schienen bzw. Schienenbefestigungen zur Führung des Fahrzeuges auf der Platte befestigt. Auch in dieser Station ist die Dübel- und Spindelmontage weitgehend automatisch mittels nicht dargestellter Roboter durchführbar.After the pallet 20 or the formwork is cleaned, it is fed to another buffer 2. From this buffer 2 is then in the station 4 carried out the dowel or spindle assembly. The dowels and Spindles are particularly in a slab of a solid track for rail-guided Vehicles required. The spindles will later be used on the Construction site or the position of the plate aligned for processing. About the The rails or rail fasteners are used to guide the Vehicle attached to the plate. Also in this station is the dowel and Spindle assembly largely automatic using a robot, not shown feasible.

Aus dem Puffer 2 gelangt die Palette 20 in die erste Bewehrungsstation 5. Je nachdem, welches Bauteil geschaffen werden soll, sind unterschiedliche Bewehrungen erforderlich. So kann in einem ersten Teil der Bewehrungsstation 5 ein Teil der Bewehrung, beispielsweise Matten oder Spannstähle, welche insbesondere bei Platten von festen Fahrbahnen ausgelegt werden, in die Schalung eingelegt werden. Im nächsten Teil der Bewehrungsstation 5 können die quer hierzu eingelegten Spannstähle, beispielsweise Gewindestähle, eingelegt werden. Zwischen den beiden Bewehrungsstationen 5 ist eine weiterer Puffer 2 angeordnet.The pallet 20 reaches the first reinforcement station 5 from the buffer 2 which component is to be created are different Reinforcement required. So in a first part of the reinforcement station 5 part of the reinforcement, for example mesh or prestressing steel, which be designed especially for slabs of solid carriageways, in the formwork can be inserted. In the next part of the reinforcement station 5 the prestressing steels inserted transversely to this, for example threaded steels, be inserted. Is between the two reinforcement stations 5 another buffer 2 is arranged.

In der darauffolgenden Spannstation 6 sind Hydraulikeinrichtungen vorgesehen, mit welchen die Spannstähle vorgespannt werden können. Außerdem werden die vorgespannten Stähle in der Spannstation 6 fixiert, so daß die beispielsweise hydraulische Vorspannung nach der Fixierung der Spannstähle wieder entfernt werden kann und für die nächste Palette 20 bzw. nächste Station verwendet werden kann. Die Spannung der Stähle kann einzeln erfolgen. Vorzugsweise wird die Spannung aber mindestens sektionsweise erfolgen, wobei es auch vorteilhaft sein kann, mehrere Sektionen gleichzeitig zu spannen. Hierdurch wird das Spannen aller Spannstähle schneller erfolgen können als wenn dies nacheinander geschieht, so daß gegebenenfalls die Durchlaufzeit einer Palette verringert werden kann. Nach der Spannstation 6 wird ein weiterer Puffer 2 von der Palette 20 angefahren. Die Palette 20 bleibt solange in dem Puffer 2 bis die nachfolgende Station wieder frei geworden ist. Hydraulic devices are provided in the subsequent tensioning station 6, with which the prestressing steels can be prestressed. Moreover the prestressed steels are fixed in the clamping station 6, so that the for example hydraulic preload after fixing the prestressing steel can be removed again and for the next pallet 20 or next station can be used. The tension of the steels can be individually respectively. However, the tension is preferably at least in sections take place, it may also be advantageous to have several sections to tension at the same time. This will clamp all prestressing steels can be done faster than if this happens in succession, so that if necessary, the lead time of a pallet can be reduced. To another buffer 2 is moved to the tensioning station 6 by the pallet 20. The pallet 20 remains in the buffer 2 until the subsequent station has become free again.

In der Betonierstation 7 wird die Schalung mit Beton, beispielsweise Faserbeton, ausgefüllt und gegebenenfalls verdichtet, wodurch das eigentliche Bauteil entsteht. Zum Trocknen des Betons wird die Palette in eine Trockenkammer 9 eingefahren. Um möglichst viele Paletten in der Trockenkammer 9 lagern zu können, ist jeweils ein Hublift 8, 8' am Anfang und am Ende der Trockenkammer 9 angeordnet. Mittels dieser Hublifte 8, 8' werden die Paletten 20 in verschiedene Etagen der Trockenkammer 9 verfahren, so daß eine große Anzahl von Paletten 20 gleichzeitig in Umlauf sein kann und eine große Anzahl von Betonfertigteilen gleichzeitig gefertigt werden kann.In the concreting station 7, the formwork with concrete, for example fiber concrete, filled in and, if necessary, compressed, whereby the actual Component is created. To dry the concrete, the pallet is placed in a drying chamber 9 retracted. To get as many pallets as possible in the drying chamber 9 To be able to store is a lift 8, 8 'at the beginning and at the end of the Drying chamber 9 arranged. The pallets are lifted by means of these lifts 8, 8 ' 20 move to different floors of the drying chamber 9, so that a large number of pallets 20 can be in circulation simultaneously and one large number of precast concrete parts can be manufactured at the same time.

Nach dem Trocknen des Betons wird die Palette 20 aus der Trockenkammer 9 über den Hublift 8' entnommen und einer Entschal- und Entspannstation 10 zugeführt. In der Station 10 wird gleichzeitig die Entspannung der Spannstähle und das Entformen vorgenommen. Je nach Ausführung des Bauteils kann es auch vorteilhaft sein, zuerst das Bauteil von der Bodenschalung leicht abzuheben und anschließend erst den Entspannvorgang der Spannstähle zu beginnen. Dies kann kontinuierlich oder schrittweise erfolgen. Es wird damit bewirkt, daß die Entschalung einfach und ohne Beschädigung des Bauteiles erfolgen kann.After the concrete has dried, the pallet 20 is removed from the drying chamber 9 removed via the lift 8 'and a formwork and relaxation station 10 fed. In station 10, the relaxation of the prestressing steel is carried out at the same time and demoulded. Depending on the design of the component it may also be advantageous to first remove the component from the floor formwork easy to lift off and only then to relax the prestressing steel to start. This can be done continuously or step by step. It is thus ensured that the formwork is easy and without damaging the Component can take place.

In der darauffolgenden Station 11 wird die Platte der festen Fahrbahn aus der Palette vollständig entnommen und auf einen Abtransportwagen 12 aufgelegt. Gegebenenfalls wird hier auch die eingebaute Spindel beispielsweise 20mm in die Höhe gedreht um später gereinigt werden zu können. Anschließend erfolgt in einer Station 18 die Abtrennung der überstehenden Spannstahlenden und die Reinigung der Spindeln.In the next station 11, the slab of the solid carriageway is made completely removed from the pallet and placed on a removal trolley 12. If necessary, the built-in spindle is also used here, for example Twisted 20mm in height to be cleaned later. Subsequently the protruding prestressing steel ends are separated in a station 18 and cleaning the spindles.

Der Abtransportwagen 12 bringt die Platte in eine Kippstation 13, in welcher die Platte beispielsweise um 90° gedreht und in einem Lager abgestellt wird. In diesem Lager härtet der Beton aus, wodurch dieser kriecht und schwindet und sein Endmaß weitgehend annimmt. Nach einer Zeit von beispielsweise 28 Tagen hat das Betonteil weitgehend sein endgültiges Maß erreicht und kann nachbearbeitet werden. Hierzu wird es über die Kippstation 13 wiederum auf einen Transportwagen 12 aufgelegt und einer weiteren Bearbeitungsstation 15 zugeführt. In der Station 15 wird hierzu die Platte aufgespindelt. Dies bedeutet, daß die Platte entsprechend ihrer späteren Einbaulage in der festen Fahrbahn ausgerichtet wird. In dieser Lage wird sie einer Bearbeitungsmaschine 16 zugeführt, in welcher beispielsweise Stützpunkte für die spätere Lagerung der Schienen auf den 10-tel Millimeter genau bearbeitet werden. Diese Bearbeitungsstation 16 kann beispielsweise eine Betonfräsmaschine, Bohrmaschine oder eine Schleifmaschine beinhalten, mit welcher die entsprechenden Stellen des Rohteils präzise und formgerecht bearbeitet oder für die Montage vorbereitet werden. Dadurch, daß die Platte ausgehärtet ist, bewirkt die Bearbeitung der Platte, daß auch in der späteren Einbaulage die hier erreichten Maße beibehalten werden können.The removal car 12 brings the plate into a tilting station 13, in which the plate is rotated for example by 90 ° and placed in a warehouse. The concrete hardens in this warehouse, causing it to creep and shrink and largely takes on its final dimensions. After a time of, for example The concrete part has largely reached its final dimension within 28 days can be reworked. For this purpose, it is in turn via the tilting station 13 placed on a trolley 12 and a further processing station 15 fed. For this purpose, the plate is spun on in station 15. This means that the plate is in its later installation position is aligned in the fixed lane. In this position it becomes a processing machine 16 supplied in which, for example, bases for edited the later storage of the rails to the 10th of a millimeter become. This processing station 16 can, for example, be a concrete milling machine, Drill or grinder with which the corresponding parts of the raw part are machined precisely and correctly or be prepared for assembly. By curing the plate is the processing of the plate that also in the later Installation position the dimensions achieved here can be maintained.

Die Bearbeitung der Platte kann beispielsweise auch das Fräsen von Aussparungen für Führungen beinhalten, welche an den Enden der Platten einsetzbar sind. Die Führungen, welche beispielsweise einen trapezförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen und aus Stahl hergestellt sind, überlappen zwei Platten und erlauben somit eine exakte Ausrichtung der Platten zueinander. Pro Plattenstoß haben sich drei solcher Führungen an der Ober-, Unterund/oder den Seitenflächen der Platte als vorteilhaft erwiesen um eine sichere Positionierung der Platten in x-, y- und z-Richtung zueinander solange aufrechtzuerhalten, bis die Lage der Platten endgültig, z.B. durch einen Unterguß fixiert ist. Durch eine entsprechend winkelige Anordnung der Aussparungen zur Längsachse der Platte ist es möglich eine Polygonverlegung der Platten vorzusehen.The processing of the plate can also be used, for example, to mill recesses for guides which can be used at the ends of the plates are. The guides, which for example have a trapezoidal shape Have cross-section and are made of steel, overlap two plates and thus allow an exact alignment of the plates to each other. Per Panel joint have three such guides on the top, bottom and / or the side surfaces of the plate proved to be advantageous for a safe Positioning the plates in the x, y and z directions with respect to each other until the position of the plates is final, e.g. through an infusion is fixed. Through a correspondingly angular arrangement of the cutouts it is possible to lay the polygons to the longitudinal axis of the slab Plates.

Nachdem alle wichtigen Maße bearbeitet wurden, wird das Betonfertigteil einer letzten Station, nämlich einer Montagestation 17 zugeführt. In der Montagestation 17 werden die Schienenbefestigungen und gegebenenfalls sogar die Schienen selbst auf die Platte montiert. Diese vormontierte Platte ist später auf der Baustelle sehr schnell verarbeitbar, da weitgehend auf Einstellarbeiten verzichtet werden kann, nachdem die Vorgaben, welche an die einzelne individuelle Platte gegeben wurden bereits bei der Bearbeitung und bei der Montage berücksichtigt werden konnten. Die individuell für einen speziellen Einbauplatz in der festen Fahrbahn gefertigte Platte wird gegebenenfalls numeriert und über einen Abtransportwagen 12 einem Lager oder direkt auf die Baustelle transportiert.After all important dimensions have been processed, the precast concrete part is made a last station, namely an assembly station 17. In the Assembly station 17, the rail fastenings and, if necessary even mounted the rails themselves on the plate. This pre-assembled plate can be processed very quickly later on the construction site, since largely on adjustment work can be dispensed with after the specifications which are passed to the individual individual plate were already given during processing and could be taken into account during assembly. The individual for one If necessary, a special plate made in the solid carriageway will be made numbered and via a removal wagon 12 a warehouse or transported directly to the construction site.

Durch die Umlauffertigung wird zuerst ein Rohteil geschaffen, welches weitgehend ein Universalteil für die meisten Anwendungsfälle darstellt. Aus diesem universellen Rohteil wird in der Bearbeitungsstation später ein individuelles, gegebenenfalls mit einer Nummer versehenes Bauteil geschaffen, welches genau seinen Platz in der festen Fahrbahn hat.With the circular production, a blank is created first, which largely a universal part for most applications. For this universal raw part will later be an individual, if necessary created a numbered component, which exactly has its place in the solid lane.

In Figur 2 ist eine Vorderansicht einer Palette 20 dargestellt. Die Palette 20 ist auf Trägern 21 und Schienen 22 aufgebaut. Auf den Trägern 21 ist die Bodenschalung 23 und die Seitenschalung 24 und 24' angeordnet. In der Seitenschalung 24 der Stirnseite sind verschiedene Hinterschneidungen vorgesehen, um die Verbindung benachbarter Platten der festen Fahrbahn durchführen zu können. Die Seitenschalung 24 ist beispielsweise mit nicht dargestellten Einrichtungen abklappbar oder entfernbar von der Bodenschalung, so daß das Entformen des späteren Rohteils einfach möglich ist.A front view of a pallet 20 is shown in FIG. The pallet 20 is built on beams 21 and rails 22. On the carriers 21 is the Floor formwork 23 and the side formwork 24 and 24 'arranged. In the Different undercuts are provided on the side formwork 24 of the end face, to connect adjacent slabs of the slab track to be able to perform. The side formwork 24 is not, for example shown devices can be folded down or removed from the floor formwork, so that the demolding of the later raw part is easily possible.

An der Palette 20 sind mehrere Spannvorrichtungen 30 vorgesehen. Jede Spannvorrichtung besteht aus einer Druckstütze 31 und einer Zugeinrichtung 32. Die Zugeinrichtung 32 ist um einen Drehpunkt 33 der Druckstütze 31 drehbar gelagert. Unterhalb der Druckstütze 31 ist ein Zugstab 34 angeordnet.A plurality of clamping devices 30 are provided on the pallet 20. each Clamping device consists of a pressure support 31 and a pulling device 32. The pulling device 32 is about a pivot point 33 of the pressure support 31 rotatably mounted. A tension rod 34 is arranged below the pressure support 31.

Eine zweite Zugeinrichtung 32' ist an der Druckstütze 31 fest angeordnet. Mit ihr wirkt eine Spindel 40 und eine Mutter 39 zusammen. Die wirksame Länge der Spindel 40 ist verkürzbar. Das Verkürzen erfolgt beispielsweise mittels einer Hydraulikeinrichtung, welche auf die Spindel 40 einwirkt und dessen wirksame Länge verkürzt. Durch die Verkürzung der Spindel 40 wird die Zugeinrichtung 32 um den Drehpunkt 33 gedreht und der Spannstahl 35 und der Zugstab 34 gedehnt. Die verkürzte Spindel 40 wird mittels der Mutter 39 fixiert.A second pulling device 32 'is fixedly arranged on the pressure support 31. With you act together a spindle 40 and a nut 39. The effective length the spindle 40 can be shortened. The shortening takes place, for example, by means of a hydraulic device, which acts on the spindle 40 and its effective length shortened. By shortening the spindle 40, the traction device 32 rotated about the pivot point 33 and the prestressing steel 35 and the tension rod 34 is stretched. The shortened spindle 40 is by means of the nut 39 fixed.

Die zweite Zugeinrichtung 32' kann an der Druckstütze 31 auch drehbar, gleich oder ähnlich der Befestigung der Zugeinrichtung 32 angeordnet sein.The second pulling device 32 'can also be rotated on the pressure support 31, be arranged the same or similar to the attachment of the pulling device 32.

Die Spannstähle 35 sind mit dem oberen Ende der Zugeinrichtung 32 und 32' verbunden. Die Verbindung der Spannstähle 35 erfolgt in dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel mittels eines Kammes 36, welcher über einen Drehpunkt 37 mit dem oberen Ende der Zugeinrichtung 32 verbunden ist. Die Spannstähle 35 werden vorzugsweise über eine Aufstauchung in dem Kamm 36 eingehängt. Es sind aber auch andere, zuvor bereits beschriebene Querschnittsveränderungen möglich.The prestressing steels 35 are connected to the upper end of the pulling device 32 and 32 'connected. The prestressing steels 35 are connected in the present case Embodiment by means of a comb 36, which over a Pivot 37 is connected to the upper end of the pulling device 32. The prestressing steels 35 are preferably an upsetting in the Comb 36 attached. But there are also others previously described Cross-section changes possible.

Die Spannvorrichtung 30 wirkt unabhängig von der Schalung 23, 24, 24', so daß eine Verformung der Schalung 23, 24, 24' bei Einsetzen der Zugspannung nicht auftritt. Die Zugspannung stützt sich im wesentlichen über die Druckstütze 31 ab, welche an dem Rahmen der Palette 20 befestigt ist. Die Druckstütze 31 ist so stabil ausgebildet, daß eine Verformung der Palette 20 ebenfalls vermieden wird.The tensioning device 30 acts independently of the formwork 23, 24, 24 ', so that a deformation of the formwork 23, 24, 24 'when the tension is applied does not occur. The tension is essentially based on the Pressure support 31, which is attached to the frame of the pallet 20. The Pressure support 31 is designed so that a deformation of the pallet 20th is also avoided.

In Figur 3 ist eine Seitenansicht einer Palette 20 dargestellt. Das Grundgerüst der Palette 20 besteht aus den Trägern 21 und der Schiene 22. Auf den Trägern 21 ist die Bodenschalung 23 und die Seitenschalung 24, 24' aufgebaut. In der Darstellung der Figur 3 wird deutlich, daß entlang der Palette 20 eine Vielzahl von Spannvorrichtungen 30 angeordnet sind. Jede Spannvorrichtung 30 weist einen Zugstab 34 auf. Der Zugstab 34 ist mit der Zugeinrichtung 32 verbunden, welche sich an der Druckstütze 31 abstützt. Am Ende der Zugeinrichtung 32, welche dem Zugstab 34 gegenüberliegt, ist der Kamm 36 angeordnet. Der Kamm 36 weist mehrere Öffnungen 38 auf, in welche die Spannstähle einlegbar sind. Durch Betätigung einer Spannvorrichtung 30 werden somit gleichzeitig mehrere Spannstähle 35 gespannt. Hierdurch wird eine gleichmäßige Spannung bewirkt, welche insbesondere aufgrund der kurzen Länge der Spannstähle 35 besonders wichtig ist, um eine gleichmäßige Spannung zu erzielen. Die Spannung des Zugstabes 34 kann so erfolgen, daß eine Hydraulikeinrichtung auf die Spindel 40 aus Figur 2 zugreift und diese verkürzt, so daß zwei gegenüberliegende Kämme 36 auseinander bewegt werden und dadurch die Spannstähle 35 spannen. Eine derartige Spannung kann einzeln pro Spannvorrichtung 30 vollzogen werden. Es können aber auch mehrere der Spannvorrichtungen 30 gleichzeitig gespannt werden, so daß das Spannen der kompletten Palette 20 schneller erfolgt. Die Zykluszeiten können somit verringert werden.FIG. 3 shows a side view of a pallet 20. The basic structure the pallet 20 consists of the carriers 21 and the rail 22. On the Beams 21 are constructed of the bottom formwork 23 and the side formwork 24, 24 '. The illustration in FIG. 3 clearly shows that along the pallet 20 a plurality of clamping devices 30 are arranged. Any jig 30 has a pull rod 34. The pull rod 34 is with the pulling device 32 connected, which is supported on the pressure support 31. At the end the pulling device 32, which lies opposite the pull rod 34, is the Comb 36 arranged. The comb 36 has a plurality of openings 38 in which the prestressing steels can be inserted. By operating a tensioning device 30 a plurality of prestressing steels 35 are thus clamped simultaneously. This causes a uniform tension, which in particular is particularly important due to the short length of the prestressing steels 35 to achieve an even tension. The tension of the tension rod 34 can be done so that a hydraulic device on the spindle 40 of Figure 2 accesses and shortens them so that two opposite combs 36th be moved apart and thereby tension the prestressing steels 35. A Such tension can be carried out individually per tensioning device 30. However, several of the clamping devices 30 can also be used simultaneously be tensioned so that the tensioning of the complete pallet 20 faster he follows. The cycle times can thus be reduced.

Durch die Anordnung verschiedener Spannvorrichtungen 30 ist ein sektionsweiser Aufbau der Palette 20 bewirkt. Die Palette 20 kann hierdurch mehr oder weniger lang ausgestaltet werden, ohne daß der prinzipielle Aufbau der Palette 20 geändert werden muß. Ebenso ist durch den sektionsweisen Aufbau die Einbringung der Spannkräfte gleichmäßig zu bewerkstelligen. Anstelle oder zusätzlich zum Kammes 36 kann auch eine beispielsweise mehrfach gelagerte Kraft- oder Wegausgleichseinrichtung eingesetzt werden, um eine gleichmäßige Zugkraft in den Spannstählen 35 zu bewirken. Derartige Hilfsmittel können auf Grund der unüblich kurzen Spannstähle 35 erforderlich sein.The arrangement of various clamping devices 30 makes it section-wise Structure of the pallet 20 causes. The pallet 20 can thereby be designed more or less long without the basic structure the pallet 20 must be changed. Likewise, by the sections Structure to bring about the introduction of the clamping forces evenly. Instead of or in addition to the comb 36, one can, for example multiple-position force or displacement compensation device used in order to bring about a uniform tensile force in the prestressing steels 35. Such tools can be due to the unusually short prestressing steel 35 may be required.

In Figur 4 ist eine perspektivische Darstellung der Palette 20 dargestellt. An den Schienen 22 sind Träger 21 befestigt, welche das Grundgerüst der Einrichtung bilden. Die Bodenschalung 23 weist Einsätze 26 auf, in welchen Höcker 25 der Platte der festen Fahrbahn eingearbeitet sind. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Befestigungssysteme für die auf der Platte zu montierenden Schienen der Bahn sind verschiedene Höckerformen erforderlich. Diese können durch einfachen Austausch der Einsätze 26 bei ansonsten unveränderter Palette 20 realisiert werden. Pro Sektion ist eine Spannvorrichtung 30 vorgesehen, welche eine Druckstütze 31, zwei Zugeinrichtungen 32 und einen Zugstab 34 aufweist. An den beiden Zugeinrichtungen 32 ist jeweils ein Kamm 36 angeordnet, in welchen die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sechs Spannstähle 35 in Öffnungen 38 aufgenommen werden. Durch das Spannen der Spindel 40 werden die in den Kämmen 36 eingehängten Spannstähle 35 auseinandergezogen und gespannt. Mit der Mutter 39 wird die Spannung aufrechterhalten. Nachdem die Spannstähle 35 gespannt sind, wird entsprechend der in Figur 1 dargestellten Umlauffertigung Beton in die Schalung eingefüllt.FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the pallet 20. On the rails 22 are attached to supports 21 which form the basic structure of the device form. The floor formwork 23 has inserts 26, in which Bumps 25 of the slab of the slab track are incorporated. Because of different Fastening systems for those to be mounted on the plate Rails of the train require different hump shapes. This can by simply replacing the inserts 26 with otherwise unchanged Pallet 20 can be realized. There is one clamping device 30 per section provided which a pressure support 31, two traction devices 32 and one Tension rod 34 has. There is one on each of the two pulling devices 32 Comb 36 arranged in which the six in this embodiment Prestressing steels 35 are received in openings 38. By tensioning of the spindle 40, the prestressing steels 35 suspended in the combs 36 pulled apart and excited. With the nut 39 the tension maintained. After the prestressing steels 35 are tensioned, the procedure is accordingly the circulating concrete shown in Figure 1 in the formwork filled.

Die Schienen 22 dienen zum Transport der Palette 20, indem sie über Transportsysteme hinweggeführt werden. Die Palette 20 kann damit von Station zu Station bewegt werden. Dies kann beispielsweise durch motorisch angetriebene Rollen erfolgen. Es ist aber auch möglich, daß an Stelle der Schienen 22 Rollen angeordnet sind, welche ihrerseits auf festmontierten Schienen abrollen. Die hier dargestellte Ausführungsform hat allerdings den Vorteil, daß die Schienen 22 gleichzeitig zur Stabilisierung der Palette 20 und zum Transport der Palette 20 dienen.The rails 22 are used to transport the pallet 20 by over Transport systems are led away. The palette 20 can thus Moving station to station. This can be done, for example, by motor driven rollers take place. But it is also possible that instead of Rails 22 rollers are arranged, which in turn on permanently mounted Unroll rails. However, the embodiment shown here has the Advantage that the rails 22 simultaneously to stabilize the pallet 20th and serve to transport the pallet 20.

Figur 5 zeigt eine Detailansicht einer Platte 42 mit einem Schienenstützpunkt. Der Schienenstützpunkt besteht aus zwei Höckern 43 sowie einer Auflage 44. Eine Schiene 45 ist zwischen den beiden Höckern 43 befestigt. Die Schiene 45 wird dabei unter Zuhilfenahme von Zwischenlagen, welche einerseits den Höhenausgleich und andererseits eine Dämpfung der Schiene 45 bewirken, auf der Auflage 44 angeordnet. Die Befestigung der Schiene 45 erfolgt mittels Schrauben 47, welche in dem Beton der Platte 42 mittels Dübel 51 verankert sind sowie mittels Klammern 49, welche auf dem Höcker 43 bzw. einer Winkelführungsplatte 49 und dem Schienenfuß 45 abgestützt sind. Für die korrekte Ausrichtung der Schiene 45 in horizontaler Richtung sind die Winkelführungsplatten 49 zwischen dem Höcker 43 und dem Fuß der Schiene 45 angeordnet. Mittels der Winkelführungsplatten 49 wird die Schiene 45 in der gewünschten Position in horizontaler Richtung gehalten. FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of a plate 42 with a rail base. The rail base consists of two bumps 43 and one Edition 44. A rail 45 is fastened between the two bumps 43. The rail 45 is with the help of intermediate layers, which on the one hand the height compensation and on the other hand a damping of the rail 45 cause arranged on the pad 44. The fastening of the rail 45 takes place by means of screws 47 which are in the concrete of the plate 42 by means of dowels 51 are anchored and by means of clips 49, which are on the hump 43 or an angle guide plate 49 and the rail base 45 are supported are. For the correct alignment of the rail 45 in the horizontal direction are the angle guide plates 49 between the hump 43 and the foot the rail 45 arranged. By means of the angle guide plates 49 Rail 45 held in the desired position in the horizontal direction.

Die Winkelführungsplatten 49 können Standardteile sein, welche einander weitgehend gleichen. Hierdurch ist ein Austausch bzw. beliebiger Einsatz der Winkelführungsplatten 49 bei der Verlegung einer Schiene 45 möglich.The angle guide plates 49 can be standard parts that are mutually exclusive largely the same. This is an exchange or any use of the Angle guide plates 49 possible when laying a rail 45.

Geschaffen wird diese standardisierte Verwendung von Winkelführungsplatten 49 sowie Zwischenlagen 46 dadurch, daß die Innenseiten der Höcker 43 sowie bei Bedarf die Auflage 44 der Platte 42 bearbeitet wird. Diese insbesondere spanende Bearbeitung des Betons an den Flanken 50 sowie der Auflage 44 ermöglicht die exakte Ausrichtung der Schiene 45 bereits während der Herstellung der Platte 42. Wie durch gestrichelte Linien angedeutet ist, wird die Platte 42 im Bereich der Flanken 50 und der Auflage 44 zuerst mit Übermaß hergestellt.This standardized use of angle guide plates is created 49 and intermediate layers 46 in that the insides of the humps 43 and if necessary the support 44 of the plate 42 is processed. This in particular machining the concrete on the flanks 50 and Pad 44 enables the exact alignment of the rail 45 already during the manufacture of plate 42. As indicated by dashed lines , the plate 42 is first in the area of the flanks 50 and the support 44 made with oversize.

Durch die spanende Bearbeitung kann an den Flanken 50 und der Auflage 44 mehr oder weniger Material abgetragen werden, so daß die exakte Ausrichtung der Schiene 45 in horizontaler und vertikaler Richtung bereits weitgehend durch die individuelle Gestaltung des Schienenstützpunktes vorgegeben ist. Durch dieses Verfahren ist es sogar möglich Radien oder eine Polygonverlegung des Gleises allein durch die Bearbeitung der Höcker 43 bzw. Flanken 50 zu verwirklichen. Die Platten 42 werden dabei zuerst standardmäßig hergestellt und erst durch die spanende Bearbeitung individualisiert. Hierdurch ist eine sehr schnelle und dadurch kostengünstige Fertigung einer Vielzahl von Platten 42 mit einer einzigen Formart möglich. Eine im Vergleich zu früheren Herstell- und Montagemethoden deutlich schnellere Fertigung und Verlegung von Fertigteilplatten 42 macht den Einsatz dieser Systeme als feste Fahrbahnen noch vorteilhafter.By machining, the flanks 50 and the support 44 more or less material are removed, so that the exact alignment the rail 45 in the horizontal and vertical directions already largely determined by the individual design of the rail base is. With this method it is even possible to use a radius or a radius Laying the polygon of the track simply by machining the humps 43 or flanks 50 to realize. The plates 42 first become standard manufactured and individualized only by machining. This makes production very fast and therefore inexpensive a plurality of plates 42 possible with a single type of molding. One in Compared to previous manufacturing and assembly methods much faster Production and laying of prefabricated panels 42 makes use of these Systems as fixed lanes even more advantageous.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. So kann insbesondere das Prinzip der Palette auch für andere Bauteile als für Platten einer festen Fahrbahn Verwendung finden. Denkbar sind hierfür beispielsweise Stützen oder Träger, welche ebenfalls in Umlauffertigung hergestellt werden können.The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments limited. The principle of the pallet can also be used for other components than used for slabs of a solid carriageway. For example, supports or girders are also conceivable, which are also in Circulating production can be manufactured.

Claims (46)

  1. A method for the manufacture of a precise, precast concrete part, particularly in the form of a sleeper or slab for a fixed track for railway vehicles, in which the precast concrete part is initially manufactured in shuttering on a pallet (20) as an unfinished part containing prestressing steel for reinforcement, the prestressing steel (35) of the precast concrete part being grouped in a number of sections, the sections being stressed or released individually, in groups, or together, so that a stable, standardised unfinished part is created, after which the standardised unfinished part is subsequently machined, at least at functionally relevant locations, to an achieve individually specified dimension.
  2. A method in accordance with Claim 1, wherein the unfinished part is hardened through several days of storage after manufacture and before machining.
  3. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the mounting surfaces for mounting the rails (45) or the jointing locations for joining a number of precast concrete parts together are machined as the functionally relevant locations.
  4. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the actual dimensions of the machined surfaces are checked.
  5. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the current level of wear of the tool is taken into account as the functionally relevant locations are machined.
  6. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part and/or a location on the unfinished part is machined, in particular using a cutting process.
  7. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part has rail support points that are machined in accordance with the individual requirements of the precast concrete part to achieve the specified dimensions that will later be necessary on the line.
  8. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein rail fastening locations that are machined are positioned on the unfinished part.
  9. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part is manufactured in a circulating production process.
  10. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part and its shuttering (23, 24) and/or clamping gear (30) is conveyed on moveable pallets during production.
  11. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the circulating production facility includes a variety of processing stations, in particular a cleaning station, a dowel and spindle mounting station, a reinforcing station, a tensioning station, a concreting station with or without a compacting station, a drying chamber, an unclamping and shuttering release station and/or an unfinished part removal station.
  12. A method in accordance with one are more of the foregoing claims wherein at least a few of the stations are operated by robots.
  13. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein buffers are provided between two stations.
  14. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein reinforcement located within the unfinished part is prestressed.
  15. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part is manufactured from fibre concrete.
  16. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the reinforcement has a longitudinal and/or transverse positioning within the unfinished part.
  17. A method, in particular one in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims, wherein the prestressing steel (35) is tensioned independently of the shuttering surface.
  18. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the prestressing steel (35) is clamped to the shuttering (23, 24).
  19. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein several prestressing steel parts (35) are tensioned simultaneously.
  20. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein a number of prestressing steel bars (35) are joined together by means of a displacement and/or force equalisation mechanism.
  21. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the shuttering is released by first removing the side shuttering (24) and then the floor shuttering (23) from the unfinished part.
  22. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part is separated from the floor shuttering (23) in particular by means of plungers.
  23. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part is first released from the floor shuttering (23) after which the tension is released from the prestressing steel (35).
  24. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part is released from the floor shuttering (23) and the tension released from the prestressing steel (35) simultaneously.
  25. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the tension is first released from the prestressing steel (35) after which the unfinished part is released from the floor shuttering (23).
  26. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein, after removal of the shuttering, protruding prestressing steel (35) is cut off and the unfinished part is taken away by a transport wagon, particularly to a hardening store.
  27. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part is taken by means of a transport wagon, in particular after hardening, to a further processing area.
  28. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein material is applied to the unfinished part or is removed from the unfinished part, from a coating or from an additional mounted part in the further processing area.
  29. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part is machined on a machine tool, in particular a concrete cutting or grinding machine.
  30. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part is mounted in a defined way for its machining, in particular in accordance with the orientation in which will later be mounted.
  31. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the unfinished part is machined on the surfaces where the rail (45) will later be supported or at the rail fastening and/or centring locations.
  32. A method in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein rails (45) or rail fastenings are mounted at the fixed track after the machining.
  33. A pallet for the manufacture of a pre-stressed, precast concrete part in which shuttering (23, 24) is positioned on the pallet (20) and in which clamping gear (30) for prestressing steel (35) for reinforcing the precast concrete part is also located on the pallet (20), and in which the clamping gear (30) is supported on the pallet (20) independently of the shuttering (23, 24), wherein the clamping gear is divided into individual sections for tensioning the prestressing steel (35) one section at a time.
  34. A pallet in accordance with the foregoing claim wherein the clamping gear (30) has at least one compression support and at least one tensioning unit.
  35. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the tensioning unit is mounted so that it can pivot around the compression support.
  36. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein at one end of the tensioning unit there is at least one tension bar and at the other end at least one unit to which the prestressing steel (35) can be fastened.
  37. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the fastening gear is tensioned and locked by one or more tensioning units, in particular with the aid of hydraulic equipment.
  38. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the fastening gear is a comb (36) or a perforated plate to which several prestressing steel bars (35) can be fastened.
  39. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the side shuttering (24) has a pattern that corresponds to that of the fastening gear and/or the locations of the prestressing steel bars (35).
  40. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the fastening gear is located at the tensioning unit and can rotate.
  41. A pallet in accordance with one or more foregoing claims wherein the cross-section of the prestressing steel bars (35) changes at their ends, have in particular been mushroomed, have a provision for clamping or a thread with a nut so that they can be engaged with the fastening gear.
  42. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the clamping gear or the thread with the nut is used to grip, clamp, tension and/or lock the prestressing steel (35) with the fastening gear.
  43. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the shuttering (23, 24) can be fitted with a variety of inserts.
  44. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein inserts divide the shuttering (23, 24) into a number of parts.
  45. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein the side shuttering (24) can be removed from the floor shuttering (23).
  46. A pallet in accordance with one or more of the foregoing claims wherein rails or rollers are located on the pallet (20).
EP02706697A 2001-02-14 2002-01-08 Method and pallet for the production of a precise pre-cast concrete piece Expired - Lifetime EP1360397B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10107119 2001-02-14
DE10107119 2001-02-14
DE10133607A DE10133607C5 (en) 2001-02-14 2001-07-13 Method and pallet for producing a precise precast concrete part
DE10133607 2001-07-13
PCT/EP2002/000083 WO2002065022A1 (en) 2001-02-14 2002-01-08 Method and pallet for the production of a precise pre-cast concrete piece

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EP1360397B1 true EP1360397B1 (en) 2004-07-28
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DE102010039796A1 (en) * 2010-06-14 2011-12-15 Max Bögl Bauunternehmung GmbH & Co. KG Tower with an adapter piece and method of making a tower with an adapter piece
CN102357929A (en) * 2011-10-21 2012-02-22 中铁十二局集团有限公司 Rail slab stress tensioning system
CN104960089A (en) * 2015-07-06 2015-10-07 天津银龙预应力材料股份有限公司 Production line of bidirectional earlier-opened track plates for high-speed railway ballast-less tracks

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FR2519898B1 (en) 1982-01-21 1987-08-28 Vagneux Traverses Beton Arme S ASSEMBLY FOR MOLDING PRE-STRESSED REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS, ESPECIALLY SLEEPERS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH ELEMENTS
IT1206781B (en) * 1987-04-29 1989-05-03 Scac Spa PLANT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINEAR MANUFACTURES IN REINFORCED REINFORCED CONCRETE.
DE3931201C1 (en) 1989-09-19 1990-11-22 Wayss & Freytag Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De Concrete railway sleepers mfr. - uses moving frame mechanism which releases each sleeper immediately
ES2023104A4 (en) 1990-01-12 1992-01-01 Wayss & Freytag Ag FORMWORK FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRE-TENSIONED CONCRETE CROSSMERS WITH IMMEDIATE UNION.
DE4100191C1 (en) 1991-01-05 1992-05-14 Stewing Stahl- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg, 4270 Dorsten, De Mould for reinforced concrete sleepers - has several mould cavities and has jacking devices for tensioning reinforcement bars
DE4203895C2 (en) 1992-02-11 1996-08-29 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Device for producing prefabricated components from prestressed concrete with immediate bond, in particular prestressed concrete sleepers
ES2050650T1 (en) 1992-10-08 1994-06-01 Wayss & Freytag Ag SURROUNDING FORMWORK FOR FINISHED CONCRETE PARTS.
FR2714689B1 (en) * 1993-12-30 1996-03-15 Rector Sa Device for notching external surfaces of concrete products.
DE19708734C2 (en) * 1997-03-04 2001-05-31 Dorstener Maschf Ag Method and device for producing plate-shaped or beam-shaped reinforced concrete parts, in particular reinforced concrete sleepers
DE19709535A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 1998-09-17 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Method and device for concreting rail bases for slab tracks
DE19733909B4 (en) 1997-08-05 2006-07-06 Max Bögl Bauunternehmung GmbH & Co. KG Prefabricated reinforced concrete precast slab and process for its production
DE19753705A1 (en) * 1997-12-02 1999-06-10 Teerbau Gmbh Strassenbau Concrete slab grooving procedure

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WO2002065022B1 (en) 2003-03-20
EP1360397A1 (en) 2003-11-12
EP1360397B2 (en) 2009-11-11
WO2002065022A1 (en) 2002-08-22
ATE272164T1 (en) 2004-08-15
AU2002240897A1 (en) 2002-08-28

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