Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
  • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
  • C02F1/505—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment by oligodynamic treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
  • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
  • C02F3/342—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the enzymes used
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a filter equipment comprising zeolites for treatment of waste water, a process for filtering waste water as well as the use of a filter equipment comprising zeolites.
• Traditional sewage treatment is based on physical, chemical and biochemical -microbiological processes (e.g. sedimentation, filtration, precipitation of phosphorous compounds, biooxidation of organic materials, nitrification, denitrification etc.) .
• the aim of the treatment is the removal of harmful polluting materials, e.g. ammonium ions, reduction of COD, BOD, phosphorous or toxic materials (heavy metals, micropollutants, etc.) from the waste water in order to avoid the pollution of the environment or to make possible the reuse of water for different purposes.
• harmful polluting materials e.g. ammonium ions, reduction of COD, BOD, phosphorous or toxic materials (heavy metals, micropollutants, etc.
• More and more rigorous limit values of components in industrial effluents enforce a pre-treatment of waste water before discharging into the sewage system.
• An object of the present invention is thus to accomplish a new and improved filter equipment for purifying waste water.
• a second object of the present invention is to obtain a flexible and reliable filter equipment solution for specific water reuse problems.
• a third object of the invention is to obtain a filter equipment for waste water treatment allowing for a simple, economical and environmentally friendly way of reducing the amount of sludge produced.
• a fourth object of the invention is to obtain a process for filtering waste water.
• a filter equipment for treatment of waste water comprising at least one compartment with zeolite particles with a particle size of 10-40 mm.
• the invention further concerns the use of such a filter equipment as well as a process for filtering waste water comprising the step of: introducing waste water into a filter equipment com- prising at least one compartment of zeolite particles with a particle size of 10-40 mm.
• the filter equipment may comprise additional compartments with zeolite material with the same or different properties and particle sizes and treated with micro organisms, enzymes, and inorganic compounds.
• the filter equipment will hereafter be described in more detail with reference to the following exemplary embodiments .
• Different particle sizes of zeolite may be used in the filter equipment according to the present invention.
• the filtering need decides the used size range.
• the particle size may not be too small, i.e. in the form of a powder ( ⁇ 0,1 mm) , as this would lead to a wash out of the zeolite from the filter equipment. Too small particles also reduces the flow (m 3 /h) of the waste water through the filter equipment, and makes the development of anaerobic conditions within the powder particles im- possible and, and as a consequence, reduces or stop the activity of anaerobic micro organisms in the zeolite particles.
• a particle size of the zeolite of 10-40 mm, preferably 15-30 mm is used in at least one compartment of the filter equipment according to the present in- vention.
• a particle size of 0,2-10 mm, preferably 0,2-4 mm of the zeolite is used for at least one compartment in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the zeolite material preferably used for the filter equipment of the present invention is clinoptilolite or mordenite of at least 50 % by weight. Mordenite, which is a highly porous material is preferred for applications with micro organisms for the degradation of material .
• the porosity of the zeolite used in the present invention is preferably about 30-40 ccm/lOOg.
• the zeolite preferably comprise a biofilm of natural micro organisms from the waste water. These micro organisms are especially suited for degradation of the waste water they inhabit. After a period of time an unique ecosystem is built up on the surface of and inside the pores of the zeolite in the filter equipment.
• waste water is herein used for a processed water from a household (bath, shower laundry) , fish farm, green house, car wash or industry.
• the zeolite is treated (inoculated) with micro organisms and/or enzymes to speed up and direct the formation of a biofilm on the zeolite.
• Activated cultures of lyophilised micro organisms is preferably used for this purpose.
• Preferred micro organisms are heterotrophic bacteria (aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria) such as Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas .
• the micro organisms in the biofilm takes care of and degrades organic material and nitrogen and phosphorous containing compounds in the waste water reducing the COD and BOD of the filtered water.
• Oxygen for the aerobic microbial processes may be supplemented.
• Specific conditions for nitrification/denitrification processes may be created.
• the filter equipment of the present invention may further comprise additional compartments comprising zeolite treated with different inorganic compounds to satisfy different filtering needs, such as silver ions to kill bacteria and Al-Fe-salts for the purpose of removal of phosphorous and arsenite and covered by Mn0 2 for elimination of Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ contaminants .
• the process for filtering waste water according to the invention concerns the removal of particles, inorganic and organic compounds in the waste water comprising the step of: introducing waste water into a filter equipment comprising at least one compartment with zeolite particles with a particle size of 10-40 mm, preferably 15-30 mm.
• the zeolite particles preferably comprise a biofilm of natural micro organisms from the waste water.
• the zeolite is treated with micro organisms and/or enzymes.
• the compartment is preferably aerated to ensure oxygen for aerobic microbial processes.
• the waste water may further be filtered through an additional compartment (s) comprising zeolite with a par- tide size of 0,2-10 mm, preferably 0,2-4 mm, treated with Al-Fe-salts and/or silver ions.
• additional compartment comprising zeolite with a par- tide size of 0,2-10 mm, preferably 0,2-4 mm, treated with Al-Fe-salts and/or silver ions.
• a mechanical pre- treatment step may be included in the process.
• the waste water may be introduced in a sedimentation tank or pre- filtered through a compartment comprising zeolite with a particle size of 10-30 mm. The latter ensures the removal of particles larger than 40 ⁇ m.
• the waste water is filtered through 2 compartments and in other preferred embodiments through 4-6 compartments.
• the waste water is re-circulated in the filter equipment to obtain a higher purification efficiency.
• the filter equipment according to the present invention comprise at least one compartment. In case of two or more compartments separated from each other by stainless steel walls. The compartments are separated only partially from each other allowing for a continuous up and down flow of waste water by self pressure. No additional pressure is exerted on the water in the filter equipment.
• the compartments are connected to each other horizontally and the main feature of the concept is that the combination of the single compartments can be varied according to the quality and concentration of the pollutants. This means the use of different compartments comprising zeolite with the same or different properties.
• the zeolite may have different oxidative, reductive, ion- exchanging, bioactive, disinfecting, acidic or basic properties according to the treatment need, which makes possible the tailor-made application of the filter com- partments in the filter equipment of the present invention.
• the flow of waste water may be stopped and the filter material back-washed by means of air from the bottom of the compartment .
• the air lifts the bound material from the zeolite granules, including a fraction of the biofilm on the filter material (while a thin biofilm is retained on the surface of the zeolite) , and is discharged together with the water in the filter equipment .
• the obtained water may be discharged to a sewage system or collected in a separate tank and used for irrigation.
• the quantity of sludge removed from the zeolite during the back-wash is much less than the excess sludge produced in the activated sludge process, and moreover it is not formed continuously.
• the cost of sludge disposal is therefore much lower when using the filter equipment according to the present invention compared with the activated sludge process.
• One preferred embodiment of the invention comprise two or four compartments of zeolite particles with a particle size of 15-30 mm. If needed the zeolite may be TJ r4 QJ CD JJ co ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ H • ⁇ TJ ( 0 ⁇ O 4H J . ⁇ 4-1 ft
• tilolite particles treated with Al-sulphate resulted in a 60-68% increase in cleaning efficiency with respect to turbidity and 46-55% with respect to colour. It also reduced the residual aluminium content of the conditioned water by 50% and reduced the coagulant consumption by more than 25%.
• the third and the fourth compartments comprise natural zeolite granules of 15-30 mm and operate as a biofilter for decreasing the COD and BOD of the waste water by biodegradation.
• the compartments are equipped with aeration system from the bottom and thus dissolved oxygen (compressed air or oxygen) is assured for the aerobic microbiological processes.
• a biofilm On the surface of the zeolite granules a biofilm is developing and the bio- conversion of polluting organic matters is taking place by means of heterotrophic micro organisms (aerobe and facultative anaerobe bacteria and protozoa species which can be found in the biomass) .
• the biofiltration process can be enhanced by adding activated lyophilized enzymes and bacteria selected according to the substrate of waste water.
• nitrification process is possible by means of adding lyophilized nitrifying bacteria (Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas species) .
• lyophilized nitrifying bacteria Naitrobacter, Nitrosomonas species
• both compartments are equipped with an optional re-circulation system in addition to the aeration and backwash to assure optimal conditions for the operation of the biofiltration.
• the fifth compartment can be used alternatively either to complete nitrification or - if necessary - for the denitrification process.
• the biofilm developing on the surface of zeolite granules of 10-40 mm preferably 15-30 mm will be composed of denitrifying bacteria.
• the enhancing of denitrification is also possible by adding a lyophilized denitrifying bacterial culture.
• a C-source e.g. methanol
• Treated water should be disinfected before reusing e.g. in case of fish farming or greenhouse for assuring the elimination of pathogen germs (fungi, bacteria or virus) causing infections or diseases in animals or plants.
• pathogen germs fungi, bacteria or virus
• the disinfection is guaranteed by the silver ions incorporated into the micro pores of the zeolite.
• the concentration of silver ions in the zeolite is 0,001-2 % by weight, preferably 0,01-1 % by weight.
• the treated (filtered and disinfected) water is collected in a storage tank before reuse for different purposes. If necessary the treated water can be masked by different fertilizer e.g. for plant growing.
• Use of the filter equipment of the present invention has the surprising effect of total disinfection and elimination of all suspended solids as well as the removal of soluble organic matters.
• the problem of excess sludge dewatering and disposal can be mini- mised or avoided by the use of the filter technology of the present invention.
• the effluent can be reused for fresh water addition of irrigation, since it does not contain any chemicals or pathogen germs harmful for plants or animals. Thus the effluent water quality will comply the standard limit values.
• the filter equipment of the present invention is compact. It does not require the big space required by known apparatuses and processes.
• zeolite granules as filter material and lyophilized enzymes and/or bacteria is a sure and economic solution and the biomass can be developed rapidly on the surface of zeolite granules.
• the high ion-exchange capacity of the natural zeolites assures the removal of ammonium-ions from the influent waste waters and the inoculation of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter species (e.g. in form of liquid preparation) accelerates the nitrification process with appropriate dissolved oxygen supply (optimum > 2ppm) at ambient temperature (10-30 °C) at pH 7,5-8,0.
• the filter equipment of present invention is suitable for the denitrification as well, if requested.
• facultative bacteria are able to make use of nitrate ion (N0 3 ⁇ ) and nitrite ion (N0 2 ⁇ ) to respire.
• the nitrates are progressively reduced to molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) which escapes in the form of nitrogen gas to the atmosphere.
• Necessary conditions inducing denitrification might be created in the filter equipment of the present invention and are the following: presence of denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen available in oxidized forms such as nitrate or nitrite, anaerobic conditions (lack of dissolved molecular oxygen which inhibits nitrification) , presence of small excess of oxidizable matter (BOD, methanol) to perform the reaction while leaving minimal residual BOD.
• the filter equipment of the present invention used without the silver containing compartment, reduced the amount of pathogenic fungi, such as Phytium, Phytophora and Fusarium, in water re-circulated from green houses.
• pathogenic fungi such as Phytium, Phytophora and Fusarium
• the equipment comprised two aerated compart - ments containing mordenite, with a particle size of 15-30 mm, inoculated with Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas .
• the results of the test are shown in Table 1.
• the filter equipment of the present invention was used for the treatment of methyl -tertier-buthyl -ether (MTBE), acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide .
• MTBE methyl -tertier-buthyl -ether
• acrylamide acrylamide
• N-methylolacrylamide acrylamide
• Zeolite granules with a particle size of 2-4 mm were used in these tests.
• a limit value of less than 1 ppm NH 4 + in recirculated water is absolutely necessary for fish breeding. Experiments with re-circulated water from a fish breeding plant have proved that this limit value is guaranteed by the use of the filter equipment according to the present invention.
• the NH 4 + -content of the water decreased to 0,3-0,6 ppm after biofiltration through clinoptilolite filter material with a particle size of 0,2-2 mm.
• the filter technique of the present invention can be applied for the treatment of toxic or difficulty deg- radable compounds found mainly in industrial waste waters. In these cases experiments should be made in order to find the optimal tailor-made solution for biodegradation. Micro organisms and enzymes can aid the acceleration of the processes.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)
• Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
• Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

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Citations (6)

• 2001
  • 2001-02-07 SE SE0100371A patent/SE0100371L/sv not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2002
  • 2002-02-07 WO PCT/SE2002/000218 patent/WO2002062710A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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