WO2002054854A1 - Treatment of sugar lime - Google Patents

Treatment of sugar lime Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002054854A1
WO2002054854A1 PCT/GB2002/000094 GB0200094W WO02054854A1 WO 2002054854 A1 WO2002054854 A1 WO 2002054854A1 GB 0200094 W GB0200094 W GB 0200094W WO 02054854 A1 WO02054854 A1 WO 02054854A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lime
sugar
heat treatment
treatment
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2002/000094
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French (fr)
Inventor
David Lindsay Dodd
Original Assignee
David Lindsay Dodd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2002054854A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002054854A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lime produced from sugar manufacturing and, in particular, but not exclusively, a sugar beet lime treatment process.
  • Lime sludge/cake is produced as a by-product of the sugar beet/cane purification process.
  • calcium hydroxide /oxide is reacted with carbon dioxide in the sugar juice to produce lime which contains high levels of impurities.
  • the lime sludge contains sugars and other impurities which may cause it to become anaerobic in storage.
  • the lime has a high water content.
  • Such lime sludge may be utilised in some horticultural applications and most agricultural applications for correction of soil acidity, to improve soil structure and to provide low levels of soil nutrients.
  • the sugar lime requires several months storage and treatment. The lime is first allowed to stand so that the water content may be drained away and the ,sugar components broken down by microbes and chemical action. Afterwards, it must be turned and matured. The preparation process takes a number of months if not years.
  • lime from sugar production can, in small quantities, be made suitable for mushroom growing. The problem is the storage and handling lime on a commercial scale as even the smallest heaps of lime become anaerobic and thus unsuitable for mushroom growing. It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide an alternative product which does not require such lengthy preparation times.
  • a method of growing mushrooms comprising adding mushroom spawn to soil treated with sugar lime for mushrooms, wherein said sugar lime has been contacted with heat at a temperature of between 40°C- 450°C.
  • a method of growing mushrooms comprising adding mushroom spawn to soil and/or peat and/or other suitable substrates treated with sugar lime for mushrooms, wherein said sugar lime has been contacted with heat at a temperature of between 40°C- 450°C.
  • the heat treatment is carried out for sufficient time to critically reduce populations of microbiological agents in the lime.
  • critically reduce populations is meant sufficient reduction to prevent re-establishment of unwanted microbiological agents prior to use of the lime in horticulture after normal shelf periods.
  • the heat treatment is between 50°C and 450°C, more preferably, between 80°C and 200°C, most preferably, between 100°C and 150°C.
  • the heat treatment is continued for a period which critically reduces populations of nematodes or fungii populations in the lime.
  • the heat treatment is continued for a period which kills substantially all the nematodes and fungii in the lime.
  • the water content of the lime to be heat treated has been reduced by mechanical means such as pressing of the lime sludge prior to heat treatment.
  • mechanical means such as pressing of the lime sludge prior to heat treatment.
  • Such pressed lime sludge is available commercially as "LimeX70" from British Sugar pic. This product has not been stored for many years but has only had water removed by mechanical pressing.
  • An equivalent product is known as Carbolime .
  • the level of water in the lime prior to heat treatment is between 5% and 70%, more preferably, between 15% and 40%, most preferably, between 20% and 35%.
  • the solids content of the lime is above 55%, more preferably, above 65%, most preferably above 70%.
  • the heat treatment is flame treatment.
  • the heat treatment is carried out for sufficient time to raise the temperature to at least the minimum of that specified in any of the preferred ranges above throughout substantially all the lime product.
  • some of the effects of the heat treatment are to sterilise the lime product to remove odours and to lower water content.
  • the heat treatment causes yields to rise to those equivalent to a pressed lime which has been exposed to air for several months in a controlled manner.
  • the product produced by the method of the invention is particularly useful when treating soils for mushrooms.
  • Mushrooms are very sensitive to diseases, bacteria and other chemical or biological impurities in sugar lime. These impurities are not fully understood but are known to be at least partially removed by the traditional long term storage of sugar lime which allows breakdown of sugar and other impurities by microbiological agents and also by chemical action.
  • the heat treatment step of the invention removes such impurities and causes a much lower incidence of diseases in mushroom crops.
  • the sugar lime has been mechanically treated prior to heating, preferably, by pressing, to lower the water content thereof.
  • the water content is sufficiently low to allow heat treatment, preferably, flame heat treatment.
  • the product may be heat treated with any suitable device.
  • a flame heated worm or soil steriliser of conventional construction In such a device, the flame is directed through the centre of the worm.
  • the inside face of the hopper wall preferably, includes an inwardly projecting flange that spirally extends along the length of the barrel of the worm.
  • Table 1 and 2 show the test results for (i) Control, HRI standard casing, L & P wet black peat and sugar beet lime (SBL) X-45 supplied as Ready Mixed Casing by Tunnel Tech Ltd.
  • the SBL was added 20% v/v in all the treatments and the same peat source in (i) was used in treatments (ii) , (iii) and (iv) .
  • Casing spawn (Hauser CI) was added to the casing materials at a rate of 4kg/m 3 casing.
  • the casing materials were applied to a depth of 45mm to trays (0.9 x 0.6m) containing 50kg compost, spawn-run with the strain Hauser A15.
  • the compost temperature was maintained at 25-26°C for seven days; the air temperature was then reduced to 18°C over three days and the relative humidity and C0 2 concentrations kept at 88-92% and 900-1000ppm respectively.
  • the casings were given regular light waterings until airing; watering was resumed when the first mushrooms had reached 10mm in diameter.
  • the percentage of closed mushrooms was slightly higher from the ready mixed casing and the new SBL treatment. Mushroom dry matter content was highest from the SBL-X70 treatment (Table 2) .
  • Flame treatment may be carried out in a conventional soil steriliser known in the art of soil sterilisation, such as that described in PCT publication no. W09927779, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a suitable soil steriliser is "The Garden Terraliser 2 " available from Gardner Engineering, Erith, Kent, UK.
  • the machine consists of a revolving steel drum mounted within a steel frame. Lime fed into the machine passes through the drum towards a vaporising burner fitted at the discharge end. The drum may be inclined and has internally projecting vanes to impart a tumbling action to the lime as it passes through the drum.
  • the steriliser effects vaporisation of the moisture content of the lime into steam which has the effect of sterilising the lime.
  • the throughput and temperature are accurately controlled by varying the angle of inclination of the drum and the pressure of the burner. It is found that the levels of water in the lime are not too high to hinder the sterilising process.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention describes a method for treating sugar lime for use for growing mushrooms. The method comprises the steps of contacting the sugar lime with heat at a temperature of between 40°C - 450°C.

Description

TREATMENT OF SUGAR LIME
The present invention relates to lime produced from sugar manufacturing and, in particular, but not exclusively, a sugar beet lime treatment process.
Lime sludge/cake is produced as a by-product of the sugar beet/cane purification process. Typically, calcium hydroxide /oxide is reacted with carbon dioxide in the sugar juice to produce lime which contains high levels of impurities. In addition, due to the conditions in the sugar purification process, the lime sludge contains sugars and other impurities which may cause it to become anaerobic in storage. In addition, the lime has a high water content.
Such lime sludge may be utilised in some horticultural applications and most agricultural applications for correction of soil acidity, to improve soil structure and to provide low levels of soil nutrients. However, for mushroom applications, to achieve a lime product that can be utilised in mushroom growing, the sugar lime requires several months storage and treatment. The lime is first allowed to stand so that the water content may be drained away and the ,sugar components broken down by microbes and chemical action. Afterwards, it must be turned and matured. The preparation process takes a number of months if not years. Although lime from sugar production can, in small quantities, be made suitable for mushroom growing. The problem is the storage and handling lime on a commercial scale as even the smallest heaps of lime become anaerobic and thus unsuitable for mushroom growing. It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide an alternative product which does not require such lengthy preparation times.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of growing mushrooms, said method comprising adding mushroom spawn to soil treated with sugar lime for mushrooms, wherein said sugar lime has been contacted with heat at a temperature of between 40°C- 450°C.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of growing mushrooms, said method comprising adding mushroom spawn to soil and/or peat and/or other suitable substrates treated with sugar lime for mushrooms, wherein said sugar lime has been contacted with heat at a temperature of between 40°C- 450°C.
Preferably, the heat treatment is carried out for sufficient time to critically reduce populations of microbiological agents in the lime.
By critically reduce populations is meant sufficient reduction to prevent re-establishment of unwanted microbiological agents prior to use of the lime in horticulture after normal shelf periods.
Preferably, the heat treatment is between 50°C and 450°C, more preferably, between 80°C and 200°C, most preferably, between 100°C and 150°C. Preferably, the heat treatment is continued for a period which critically reduces populations of nematodes or fungii populations in the lime. Preferably, the heat treatment is continued for a period which kills substantially all the nematodes and fungii in the lime.
Preferably, the water content of the lime to be heat treated has been reduced by mechanical means such as pressing of the lime sludge prior to heat treatment. Such pressed lime sludge is available commercially as "LimeX70" from British Sugar pic. This product has not been stored for many years but has only had water removed by mechanical pressing. An equivalent product is known as Carbolime .
Preferably, the level of water in the lime prior to heat treatment is between 5% and 70%, more preferably, between 15% and 40%, most preferably, between 20% and 35%.
Preferably, the solids content of the lime is above 55%, more preferably, above 65%, most preferably above 70%.
Preferably, the heat treatment is flame treatment.
Preferably, the heat treatment is carried out for sufficient time to raise the temperature to at least the minimum of that specified in any of the preferred ranges above throughout substantially all the lime product.
Advantageously, some of the effects of the heat treatment are to sterilise the lime product to remove odours and to lower water content. Surprisingly, the heat treatment causes yields to rise to those equivalent to a pressed lime which has been exposed to air for several months in a controlled manner.
It has been found that the product produced by the method of the invention is particularly useful when treating soils for mushrooms. Mushrooms are very sensitive to diseases, bacteria and other chemical or biological impurities in sugar lime. These impurities are not fully understood but are known to be at least partially removed by the traditional long term storage of sugar lime which allows breakdown of sugar and other impurities by microbiological agents and also by chemical action.
Surprisingly, it is found that the heat treatment step of the invention removes such impurities and causes a much lower incidence of diseases in mushroom crops.
Heat treatment of sugar lime has not hitherto been envisaged using conventional sugar lime purification processes because the water content of such sugar lime is too high and once suitable water levels are reached the product has been aerated and altered by microbes and does not require further treatment. However, mechanically processed sugar lime which has not been left to stand for an extended period is still highly anaerobic and unsuitable for many crops, particularly, mushroom crops. Even turning and screening of such products over a period of time only slowly renders them suitable for many crops including mushrooms.
Preferably, the sugar lime has been mechanically treated prior to heating, preferably, by pressing, to lower the water content thereof. Preferably, the water content is sufficiently low to allow heat treatment, preferably, flame heat treatment.
The product may be heat treated with any suitable device. One possibility is a flame heated worm or soil steriliser of conventional construction. In such a device, the flame is directed through the centre of the worm. The inside face of the hopper wall preferably, includes an inwardly projecting flange that spirally extends along the length of the barrel of the worm.
Further advantages of the methods, include destruction of weed seeds, vaporisation of various odour carrying components and break up of the lumpy structure of the mechanically pressed sugar lime.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the examples :-
The test results have been obtained by using a product
(iii) derived from flame treatment, in a flame heated worm, of LimeX70, available from British Sugar pic. The temperature in the flame heated worm was set at 180°C and the throughput through the worm was 2-20 tonne per hour. This product was compared with another pressed lime sample prepared using LimeX70 that has been exposed to air for several months in an open and controlled manner. In addition, products containing treated conventional lime (LimeX45) were also compared for reference purposes.
Table 1 and 2 show the test results for (i) Control, HRI standard casing, L & P wet black peat and sugar beet lime (SBL) X-45 supplied as Ready Mixed Casing by Tunnel Tech Ltd.
(ii) Standard Bumpacrop SBL (X-45) (iii) SBL (X-70) (heat treated)
(iv) SBL (X-70) New, untreated material (non-heat treated)
The SBL was added 20% v/v in all the treatments and the same peat source in (i) was used in treatments (ii) , (iii) and (iv) .
Cultural Procedure
Water was added during a 90 sec mixing to achieve a moisture content of 70-72% at application. Casing spawn (Hauser CI) was added to the casing materials at a rate of 4kg/m3 casing. The casing materials were applied to a depth of 45mm to trays (0.9 x 0.6m) containing 50kg compost, spawn-run with the strain Hauser A15.
The compost temperature was maintained at 25-26°C for seven days; the air temperature was then reduced to 18°C over three days and the relative humidity and C02 concentrations kept at 88-92% and 900-1000ppm respectively. The casings were given regular light waterings until airing; watering was resumed when the first mushrooms had reached 10mm in diameter.
Three flushes of mushrooms were picked off the trays. Where possible, closed mushrooms were picked in the size range 30-40mm, although proportions were also picked as small buttons and as opens. The dry matter content was determined on samples of 20 mushrooms from the first flush. Casing materials were analysed for pH, conductivity and moisture content at application and during cropping.
Results and Conclusions Analysis of casings
The pH of the casings was similar although the HRI casing had a lower conductivity than the other materials (Table 1) . Moisture contents at application and during cropping for the different treatments were similar (Table 1) .
Mushroom yield and quality
Mushroom yield was significantly higher for treatments
(ii) to (iv) where SBL was added to peat on site, than in treatment (i) (ready mixed casing) . The Bumpacrop X-45 treatment produced a slightly higher yield than the SBL-
X70 and new, unmatured SBL treatments (Table 2) .
The percentage of closed mushrooms was slightly higher from the ready mixed casing and the new SBL treatment. Mushroom dry matter content was highest from the SBL-X70 treatment (Table 2) .
Table 1 Analysis of Casings
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001
Table 2 Mushroom yield and quality grades
Figure imgf000009_0002
Least significant difference (P = 0.05) = 21
Flame treatment may be carried out in a conventional soil steriliser known in the art of soil sterilisation, such as that described in PCT publication no. W09927779, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In the context of the invention, the heat treated lime is not immediately returned to the ground but is first collected and treated as set out below. A suitable soil steriliser is "The Garden Terraliser 2 " available from Gardner Engineering, Erith, Kent, UK. The machine consists of a revolving steel drum mounted within a steel frame. Lime fed into the machine passes through the drum towards a vaporising burner fitted at the discharge end. The drum may be inclined and has internally projecting vanes to impart a tumbling action to the lime as it passes through the drum. The steriliser effects vaporisation of the moisture content of the lime into steam which has the effect of sterilising the lime. The throughput and temperature are accurately controlled by varying the angle of inclination of the drum and the pressure of the burner. It is found that the levels of water in the lime are not too high to hinder the sterilising process.

Claims

1. A method of growing mushrooms, said method comprising adding mushroom spawn to soil treated with sugar lime for mushrooms, wherein said sugar lime has been contacted with heat at a temperature of between 40°C-
450°C.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is carried out for sufficient time to critically reduce populations of microbiological agents in the lime.
3. A method according to either claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat treatment is continued for a period which critically reduces populations of nematodes or fungii populations in the lime.
4. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the heat treatment is continued for a period which kills substantially all the nematodes and fungii in the lime.
5. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the water content of the lime to be heat treated has been reduced by mechanical means.
6. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the water content of the lime to be heat treated has been reduced by pressing of the lime sludge prior to treatment .
7. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the level of water in the lime prior to heat treatment is between 5% and 70%.
8. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the solids content of the lime, is above 55%.
9. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the heat treatment is flame treatment.
10. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the heat treatment is carried out for sufficient time to raise the temperature to at least the minimum of that specified in any of the preferred ranges above throughout substantially all the lime product.
11. A method of growing mushrooms, said method comprising adding mushroom spawn to soil and/or peat and/or other suitable substrates treated with sugar lime for mushrooms, wherein said sugar lime has been contacted with heat at a temperature of between 40°C-450°C.
12. A method of growing mushrooms as herein described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the accompanying example.
PCT/GB2002/000094 2001-01-12 2002-01-11 Treatment of sugar lime WO2002054854A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0100874.7 2001-01-12
GB0100874A GB2358394B (en) 2001-01-12 2001-01-12 Method of growing mushrooms

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002054854A1 true WO2002054854A1 (en) 2002-07-18

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107926454A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-04-20 南宁致侨农业有限公司 Improve the greenhouse gardening method of dragon fruit sugariness

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE116760C (en) * 1899-08-30
GB469789A (en) * 1935-09-18 1937-08-03 Pennsylvania Res Corp Improvements in or relating to the act of growing mushroom spawn
FR2589164A1 (en) * 1985-10-24 1987-04-30 Zamparini Serge Production of Volvaria mycelium from the clarification residues of sugar cane refineries
DE3600400A1 (en) * 1983-09-26 1987-07-16 Ve Kom Zucker Process for conditioning lime slurry
EP0427700A1 (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-05-15 Agena Stärke-Gesellschaft M.B.H. Method for the manufacture of a fertilizer
BE1004401A5 (en) * 1989-08-29 1992-11-17 Raffinerie Tirlemontoise Sa Fertiliser based on sugar factory dross, preparation method and use of same
DE4437072A1 (en) * 1994-10-17 1996-04-18 Loedige Maschbau Gmbh Geb Process for the treatment of bulk goods loaded with moisture inside bulk particles
WO1999027779A1 (en) * 1997-11-26 1999-06-10 Charles Crowther Cope Apparatus and method for sterilising soil
WO2000014030A1 (en) * 1998-09-04 2000-03-16 Marlin Technologies Pty Ltd A plant and mushroom growth medium

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GB547309A (en) * 1941-07-29 1942-08-21 Ernest Clarence Hopkins Improvements in adjustable screw-threading tap holders
NL85909C (en) * 1951-02-08
GB867620A (en) * 1958-03-19 1961-05-10 Bergedorfer Eisenwerk Ag Improvements in or relating to the recovery of non-sugar substances arising from thepurification of sugar beet juice
GB1476963A (en) * 1974-05-31 1977-06-16 Schoppe F Production of calcined lime
US4201541A (en) * 1974-06-03 1980-05-06 Fritz Schoppe Process and installation for the production of calcined material
JPS57198100A (en) * 1981-05-29 1982-12-04 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk Treatment of mollases
DE3223670A1 (en) * 1982-06-24 1984-01-05 Walter 5163 Langerwehe Hack Process for drying carbonatation sludge (waste product of the sugar industry - sugar factories) and sewage sludges or wet wastes
JPH0249773B2 (en) * 1982-11-04 1990-10-31 Kunnetsupu Setsukai Kogyo Kk RAIMUKEEKINOZORYUHO
JPS59232167A (en) * 1983-06-15 1984-12-26 Hokuren Nogyo Kyodo Kumiai Rengokai Production of lime cake for soil improvement
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE116760C (en) * 1899-08-30
GB469789A (en) * 1935-09-18 1937-08-03 Pennsylvania Res Corp Improvements in or relating to the act of growing mushroom spawn
DE3600400A1 (en) * 1983-09-26 1987-07-16 Ve Kom Zucker Process for conditioning lime slurry
FR2589164A1 (en) * 1985-10-24 1987-04-30 Zamparini Serge Production of Volvaria mycelium from the clarification residues of sugar cane refineries
BE1004401A5 (en) * 1989-08-29 1992-11-17 Raffinerie Tirlemontoise Sa Fertiliser based on sugar factory dross, preparation method and use of same
EP0427700A1 (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-05-15 Agena Stärke-Gesellschaft M.B.H. Method for the manufacture of a fertilizer
DE4437072A1 (en) * 1994-10-17 1996-04-18 Loedige Maschbau Gmbh Geb Process for the treatment of bulk goods loaded with moisture inside bulk particles
WO1999027779A1 (en) * 1997-11-26 1999-06-10 Charles Crowther Cope Apparatus and method for sterilising soil
WO2000014030A1 (en) * 1998-09-04 2000-03-16 Marlin Technologies Pty Ltd A plant and mushroom growth medium

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107926454A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-04-20 南宁致侨农业有限公司 Improve the greenhouse gardening method of dragon fruit sugariness
CN107926454B (en) * 2017-12-14 2020-10-27 南宁致侨农业有限公司 Greenhouse planting method for improving sweetness of pitaya

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GB2358394B (en) 2002-01-30
GB0100874D0 (en) 2001-02-21

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