WO2002052832A2 - Verfahren zur flexiblen vergebührung von diensten und ressourcen in netzen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur flexiblen vergebührung von diensten und ressourcen in netzen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002052832A2 WO2002052832A2 PCT/EP2001/014937 EP0114937W WO02052832A2 WO 2002052832 A2 WO2002052832 A2 WO 2002052832A2 EP 0114937 W EP0114937 W EP 0114937W WO 02052832 A2 WO02052832 A2 WO 02052832A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- service
- contract
- users
- information technology
- communication
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/14—Charging, metering or billing arrangements for data wireline or wireless communications
- H04L12/1453—Methods or systems for payment or settlement of the charges for data transmission involving significant interaction with the data transmission network
- H04L12/1471—Methods or systems for payment or settlement of the charges for data transmission involving significant interaction with the data transmission network splitting of costs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/12—Applying verification of the received information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/07—Split billing, i.e. both A-party and B-party charged for the communication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/08—Metering calls to called party, i.e. B-party charged for the communication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/41—Billing record details, i.e. parameters, identifiers, structure of call data record [CDR]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/46—Real-time negotiation between users and providers or operators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/48—Secure or trusted billing, e.g. trusted elements or encryption
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/49—Connection to several service providers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/50—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP for cross-charging network operators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/57—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP for integrated multimedia messaging subsystem [IMS]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/70—Administration or customization aspects; Counter-checking correct charges
- H04M15/73—Validating charges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/70—Administration or customization aspects; Counter-checking correct charges
- H04M15/745—Customizing according to wishes of subscriber, e.g. friends or family
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/90—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP using Intelligent Networks [IN] or Advanced Intelligent Networks [AIN]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/01—Details of billing arrangements
- H04M2215/0108—Customization according to wishes of subscriber, e.g. customer preferences, friends and family, selecting services or billing options, Personal Communication Systems [PCS]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/01—Details of billing arrangements
- H04M2215/0156—Secure and trusted billing, e.g. trusted elements, encryption, digital signature, codes or double check mechanisms to secure billing calculation and information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/01—Details of billing arrangements
- H04M2215/016—Billing using Intelligent Networks [IN] or Advanced Intelligent Networks [AIN]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/01—Details of billing arrangements
- H04M2215/0164—Billing record, e.g. Call Data Record [CDR], Toll Ticket[TT], Automatic Message Accounting [AMA], Call Line Identifier [CLI], details, i.e. parameters, identifiers, structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/01—Details of billing arrangements
- H04M2215/0168—On line or real-time flexible customization or negotiation according to wishes of subscriber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/20—Technology dependant metering
- H04M2215/208—IMS, i.e. Integrated Multimedia messaging Subsystem
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/46—Connection to several service providers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/52—Interconnection, inter-exchange, reseller billing, billing agreements between different operators, e.g. billing identifier added on the CDR in order to cross charge the other operator, inter-operator accounting, reconciliation, bill directly resellers customers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/56—On line or real-time flexible agreements between service providers and telecoms operators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/62—Called party billing, e.g. reverse billing, freephone, collect call, 0800 or 0900
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/64—Split billing, sharing the cost of calls, e.g. between calling and called parties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
- H04M2215/70—Administration aspects, modify settings or limits or counter-check correct charges
- H04M2215/7072—Validate charges
Definitions
- Telecommunication services are usually offered by several service providers.
- a service can be used to establish a communication relationship between several users (e.g. a telephone conversation between cell phones or a multimedia session between two or more terminals or personal computers).
- Each participant can have concluded a contract with another service provider.
- the service provider of the initiator e.g. caller or A-side
- the service provider of the initiator usually determines the communication relationship via the price and charges the A-side accordingly.
- the other participants are usually not billed.
- the A-sided service provider pays a compensation amount to the B-sided service provider, which is determined by bilateral agreements that are also subject to regulation (settlement).
- This charging and billing scheme is too rigid for modern communication services such as video telephony.
- a video channel can not only move from the A side, but also from the B side to the Audio channel can be added or removed.
- a unidirectional video stream parallel to bidirectional audio stream is also useful.
- a more flexible charging scheme must allow charging on both the A and B sides.
- the B side can be billed for a video stream by its service provider, even if the audio stream was set up and paid for by the A side.
- the A and B sides want to share the communication costs. Eg both pay for the outgoing unidirectional streams. The charge per call can therefore be different.
- the network operators often only provide the raw network resources, while the actual communication services are provided by service providers (separation of network and service providers).
- service providers separation of network and service providers.
- several network operators and several service providers can be involved. The income received from the users must then be shared between the network operators and service providers involved (billing problem).
- This invention describes a method for solving these charging and billing problems.
- the IN architecture allows more flexible charging for special services (freephone, premium rate, etc.). This flexibility is bought through complex protocols and is still not sufficient for a multimedia communication service.
- the billing of services within and between operators and providers is usually done by creating data records for each call. These generally only contain call data, but no information about a cost allocation between the service users. Calls with unusual cost allocation (eg call) usually have to be processed manually by call centers.
- the A-sided user agent UA sends a draft contract with one or more proposals (for example P and Q) for cost allocation of the call in the first message of the call setup. to the B side (1).
- the A-side signed this draft contract cryptographically.
- the B-side selects one of the offered proposals, adds the selection to the draft contract and signs the entire contract.
- the B-side sends the contract supplemented in this way back to the A-side with the next message (2) of the call setup.
- the user agents send the signed contracts to the admission control agents ACA of the participants Network operator (3a, 3b).
- the ad ission control agents monitor access to network resources (eg bandwidth, quality of service). They only give service users access to network resources if the service request specified in the contract is authorized by the service providers involved.
- each admission control agent ACA sends the contract to the billing agent BA of the service provider of the respective service user A or B for checking (4a, 4b).
- the billing agents authenticate the respective service user and check whether the service user for the desired. Service are authorized.
- both billing agents inform each other about the result of the authorization of the opposite side (5a, 5b).
- the billing agents inform the admission control agents ACA of the network operators involved of the two-way result of the check by sending them corresponding messages (6a, 6b).
- the ACA releases the necessary network resources for the service and informs the service users with a corresponding message (7a, 7b). Then the further service control can take place.
- the details depend on the respective service and the protocols used for service control. For example, bidirectional audio and video streams can be set up between the service users over an IP network with the quality of service required for this service using the session initiation protocol (SIP) and resource reservation protocols (RSVP). These two protocols have been defined by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) in RFC (Request for Comment) 2543 and RFC 2205. In the negative case, the service request is rejected by corresponding messages and no network resources are released.
- SIP session initiation protocol
- RFC Resource reservation protocols
- the invention solves both the charging problem and the billing problem. By concluding the contract between the service users, it is determined which user pays which service provider for which share of the service. This means that all the network operators and service providers involved have the data they need to distribute revenue among themselves in accordance with bilateral or multilateral agreements.
- the B side can either absolutely reject the offer of the A side or send a draft contract with one or more other proposals to the A side itself.
- the latter behavior of the B-side can technically e.g. by an absolute rejection of the B-side and an immediately following sending of a new draft contract to the A-side.
- a special feature of the invention lies in the negotiation of a cryptographically signed contract between the users of a communication service, in which the payment of this service by the users to the service provider (s) involved is determined, so that this contract is used by the service providers and network operators as a basis for billing the Service and network performance can serve.
- the information technology processes for the cryptographic signature of information are state of the art. The invention describes how such methods also can be used for flexible charging and billing of communication services.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Meter Arrangements (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/451,335 US7042993B2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-18 | Method for flexible charging of fees for services and resources in networks |
BR0116442-2A BR0116442A (pt) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-18 | Processo para a taxação flexìvel de serviços e recursos em redes |
EP01272025A EP1344389A2 (de) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-18 | Verfahren zur flexiblen vergebührung von diensten und ressourcen in netzen |
JP2002553810A JP2004517525A (ja) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-18 | ネットワークにおけるサービスおよびリソースについてのフレキシブルな課金方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00128350.6 | 2000-12-22 | ||
EP00128350 | 2000-12-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002052832A2 true WO2002052832A2 (de) | 2002-07-04 |
WO2002052832A3 WO2002052832A3 (de) | 2002-11-14 |
Family
ID=8170792
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/014937 WO2002052832A2 (de) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-12-18 | Verfahren zur flexiblen vergebührung von diensten und ressourcen in netzen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7042993B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1344389A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004517525A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1529978A (de) |
BR (1) | BR0116442A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002052832A2 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003005641A1 (de) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ressourcenschonender und vergebührungsgerechter aufbau einer breitbandverbindung |
WO2004056079A1 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-07-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Cost negotiation for communication sessions |
CN100389562C (zh) * | 2005-11-05 | 2008-05-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种计费信息通知方法 |
US10789787B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2020-09-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and system for remote control of motor vehicles |
DE102013201169B4 (de) | 2013-01-24 | 2022-01-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fernüberwachungs- und/oder Fernsteuerungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100078472A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Apple Inc. | Group peer-to-peer financial transactions |
CN102282578A (zh) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-12-14 | 苹果公司 | 对等金融交易设备和方法 |
US10380573B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2019-08-13 | Apple Inc. | Peer-to-peer financial transaction devices and methods |
US20100078471A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Apple Inc. | System and method for processing peer-to-peer financial transactions |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4393269A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1983-07-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus incorporating a one-way sequence for transaction and identity verification |
US5381467A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1995-01-10 | At&T Corp. | Telephone call billing system |
US5504837A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1996-04-02 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Method for resolving conflicts among distributed entities through the generation of counter proposals by transversing a goal hierarchy with acceptable, unacceptable, and indeterminate nodes |
EP0825787A1 (de) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-25 | BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company | Verhandlungsverfahren für Verbindungsverwaltung |
WO2000028452A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-18 | Secure Accounts Ltd. | Secure architecture for exchange executes digitally signed contracts |
WO2000038403A1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-29 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Flexible reverse charging for wireless subscribers |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07307814A (ja) * | 1994-05-10 | 1995-11-21 | Nec Corp | 通話料金の分割課金方式 |
DE19821584A1 (de) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-11-18 | Alcatel Sa | Verfahren zur Übernahme von Anrufsgebühren in einzelnen Verbindungen sowie Telefonnetz und Endgerät |
-
2001
- 2001-12-18 EP EP01272025A patent/EP1344389A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-18 US US10/451,335 patent/US7042993B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-18 CN CNA018228348A patent/CN1529978A/zh active Pending
- 2001-12-18 BR BR0116442-2A patent/BR0116442A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-18 JP JP2002553810A patent/JP2004517525A/ja active Pending
- 2001-12-18 WO PCT/EP2001/014937 patent/WO2002052832A2/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4393269A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1983-07-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus incorporating a one-way sequence for transaction and identity verification |
US5381467A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1995-01-10 | At&T Corp. | Telephone call billing system |
US5504837A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1996-04-02 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Method for resolving conflicts among distributed entities through the generation of counter proposals by transversing a goal hierarchy with acceptable, unacceptable, and indeterminate nodes |
EP0825787A1 (de) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-25 | BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company | Verhandlungsverfahren für Verbindungsverwaltung |
WO2000028452A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-18 | Secure Accounts Ltd. | Secure architecture for exchange executes digitally signed contracts |
WO2000038403A1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-29 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Flexible reverse charging for wireless subscribers |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KISHIMOTO R: "DISTRIBUTED COOPERATIVE MULTIAGENT MODEL FOR INTELLIGENT TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS" ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, PART I - COMMUNICATIONS,SCRIPTA TECHNICA. NEW YORK,US, Bd. 75, Nr. 12, Dezember 1992 (1992-12), Seiten 24-37, XP000372755 ISSN: 8756-6621 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003005641A1 (de) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ressourcenschonender und vergebührungsgerechter aufbau einer breitbandverbindung |
US7068662B2 (en) | 2001-07-02 | 2006-06-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Establishing a broadband connection that saves resources and satisfies billing conditions |
WO2004056079A1 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-07-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Cost negotiation for communication sessions |
US7362853B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2008-04-22 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Cost negotiation for communication sessions |
CN100389562C (zh) * | 2005-11-05 | 2008-05-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种计费信息通知方法 |
US10789787B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2020-09-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and system for remote control of motor vehicles |
DE102013201169B4 (de) | 2013-01-24 | 2022-01-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fernüberwachungs- und/oder Fernsteuerungssystem für Kraftfahrzeuge |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1529978A (zh) | 2004-09-15 |
US20040202297A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
WO2002052832A3 (de) | 2002-11-14 |
JP2004517525A (ja) | 2004-06-10 |
US7042993B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 |
BR0116442A (pt) | 2003-12-23 |
EP1344389A2 (de) | 2003-09-17 |
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