WO2002048295A2 - Compositions a base vegetale, articles et procedes de fabrication associes - Google Patents

Compositions a base vegetale, articles et procedes de fabrication associes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002048295A2
WO2002048295A2 PCT/US2001/047904 US0147904W WO0248295A2 WO 2002048295 A2 WO2002048295 A2 WO 2002048295A2 US 0147904 W US0147904 W US 0147904W WO 0248295 A2 WO0248295 A2 WO 0248295A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vegetable
weight
article
composition
wax
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/047904
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002048295A3 (fr
Inventor
Charles Biggs
Original Assignee
Honeywell International Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honeywell International Inc. filed Critical Honeywell International Inc.
Priority to MXPA03003910A priority Critical patent/MXPA03003910A/es
Priority to CA002428166A priority patent/CA2428166A1/fr
Priority to AU2002232548A priority patent/AU2002232548A1/en
Priority to EP01992075A priority patent/EP1337611A2/fr
Publication of WO2002048295A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002048295A2/fr
Publication of WO2002048295A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002048295A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/02—Apparatus for preparation thereof
    • C11C5/023—Apparatus for preparation thereof by casting or melting in a mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/002—Ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/008—Candles characterised by their form; Composite candles, e.g. candles containing zones of different composition, inclusions, or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to vegetable-based compositions, articles of manufacture containing these compositions and to methods of manufacturing such articles.
  • the article is a candle with desirable aesthetic properties and/or improved mold-release properties.
  • candles Vegetable waxes have been used for centuries to make articles of manufacture, particularly candles. Although the use of candles has obviously been supplanted as a primary source of light in most cultures, candles are nevertheless used for a large number of diverse reasons, including to enhance the decoration, atmosphere and mood of the locations in which they are used. Accordingly, while it remains necessary that candles be manufactured from materials and in a manner that ensures that will burn in pleasing way (e.g., without excessive smoke or soot), there has been an increasing desire to obtain candles with pleasing visual features.
  • the above techniques may have been successful in creating interesting decorative effects, they are all relatively complex, time consuming and/or labor intensive procedures which ultimately add cost to the finished product.
  • certain of the materials which have heretofore been used to manufacture candles have become increasingly disfavored in recent years.
  • the Kujawski patent discloses that the candles are preferably formed from petroleum based waxes (i.e., paraffin waxes).
  • petroleum products have become increasingly expensive and are a further concern because they represent an non-renewable resource.
  • it has become increasingly desirable to produce "green" candles that is, candles which do not contain petroleum derived products.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,063,144 - Calzada which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a candle formed from non-parafin materials consisting essentially of at least 30 parts by weight of stearic acid, at least 5 parts by weight of vegetable-derived wax with a melting point of at least 50°C, vegetable oil, fragrance and an oxidation inhibitor.
  • the Calzada patent does not disclose that the article formed from such a composition has advantageous aesthetic qualities or decorative effects.
  • Attached as Figure 3 is a series of photographs showing candles made in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Attached as Figure 4 is a series of photographs showing candles made in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 Attached as Figure 5 is a series of photographs showing candles made in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 Attached as Figure 7 is a photograph which shows candles made in accordance with the present invention in a variety of colors, shapes and sizes.
  • the present inventor has discovered that desirable articles of manufacture can be obtained by the use of compositions comprising, on a relative basis, from about 80 parts to about 99 parts by weight of vegetable-derived compound(s) and from about 1 part to about 20 parts by weight of insect wax.
  • the article is a molded candle which exhibits one or more of a variety of decorative effects, as described in more detail hereinafter.
  • the candle body of the present invention consists essentially of vegetable-derived compound(s) and insect wax.
  • vegetable-derived compound(s) refers to any single compound or combination of compounds which are of the type commonly derived from vegetable or fruit sources. Although it is contemplated that any vegetable-derived compound(s) may be adapted for used in accordance with the present invention, it is generally preferred that the vegetable-derived compound(s) comprise, and even more preferably are selected from the group consisting essentially of vegetable waxes, vegetable acids and combinations of acids and waxes of the type derived from vegetable and fruit sources.
  • consisting essentially of is used herein in its art-recognized sense to express that the composition is open to the inclusion of additional ingredients in amounts which do not adversely affect its novel and basic properties.
  • the vegetable acid comprise, and preferably consist essentially of, stearic acid.
  • stearic acid includes any of the commercial grades of stearic acid. While academic authorities and textbooks treat "stearic acid” as a synonym for the pure chemical compound octadecanoic acid (C 17 H 35 COOH), commercial practice, which is the intended meaning herein, is broader and uses the same term for mixtures comprising major amounts of one or more of both octadecanoic acid, the 16 carbon hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid
  • the vegetable acid of the present invention comprises one or more compounds corresponding to the formula C x H y COOH, where x is from about 15 to about 17 and y is from about 29 to about 35.
  • vegetable waxes used in accordance with the present invention are preferably obtained by the processing of vegetable materials, it will be appreciated that such wax compounds may be derived form other sources and are considered within the scope the term "vegetable-derived compound" as used herein. In other words, it is considered that synthetic forms of, or substitutes for, the vegetable waxes and vegetable acids are within the meaning of those terms as used herein.
  • stearic acid is sold by Procter & Gamble Chemicals under the trade designation N-1855 and is preferably used as the vegetable acid component of the present compositions.
  • Palmitic acid is sold by Procter & Gamble Chemicals under the trade designations N-1695 and N-1655 and is preferably used as a vegetable acid component in certain embodiments of the present compositions.
  • palm-derived waxes particularly preferred compounds are palm-derived waxes, candelilla waxes, cork fiber waxes, hemp fiber waxes, sugar cane waxes, bayberry waxes, Japan waxes, bamboo leaf waxes, rice waxes, esparto wax, and mixtures and combinations of these
  • palm-derived waxes are preferred and include carnauba wax, ouricury, caranda' and raffia.
  • palm derived waxes generally contain high concentrations, for example, from about 80% to about 90% of alkyl esters of higher fatty acids. Such esters may include esters of palmitic acids, stearic, oleic acids and combinations of two or more of those.
  • the vegetable wax of the present invention preferably is comprised in major proportion of palmitic ester waxes, and even more preferably the vegetable wax comprises at least about 70 % by weight of esters derived from palmitic, stearic or oleic acids, with at least about 80 % by weight of such esters being even more preferred.
  • the vegetable wax component of the present compositions comprises, and preferably consist essentially of, lower alkyl (C x - C 4 ) esters, and even more preferably methyl esters, of stearic acids.
  • the preferred methyl esters of stearic acid are methyl ester of hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester of octadecanoic acid.
  • a combination of methyl ester of hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester of octadecanoic acid is sold by Procter & Gamble Chemicals under the trade designation and is preferably used as the vegetable wax component of the present composition.
  • the vegetable-derived compound(s) preferably comprise a major proportion, on a relative weight basis, of stearic acid and minor proportion of esters of stearic acid.
  • the vegetable-derived compound(s) comprise, on a relative basis, from about 70 to about 90 parts by weight of stearic acid and from about 10 parts by weight to about 30 parts by weight of esters of stearic acid.
  • compositions comprising a major proportion of vegetable-derived compound(s) and from about 1 % by weight, and even more preferably from about 2 % by weight, up to about 20 % by weight of insect wax (based on the combined weight of vegetable-derived compound(s) and insect wax) is capable of producing unique and highly desirable aesthetic properties. More particularly, the compositions, when formed into shaped articles, and particularly candles, exhibit a variety of surface appearances which flow from the combinations described herein without the need for any additional or complex decorating procedures. Applicant has found that the desirable aesthetic effect is generally not achieved at insect wax concentrations below about 1% or at about 20% or above.
  • insect wax refers not only to waxes produced by naturally occurring insects, but also any waxes produced by genetically altered insects and to waxes produced synthetically as insect wax substitutes. Synthetic substitutes for insect wax are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,500,359, 4,292,008 and 4,151,00, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • beeswax contains of 10.5 - 14% hydrocarbons, 71 - 72 % alkyl esters of monocarboxylic acids, 0.6 - 0.8 % choloesteryl esters, 12% - 14.5 % free acids, 1 - 1.5 % free alcohols, and other ingredients, including coloring matter, lactone, moisture and mineral impurities.
  • beeswax contains of 10.5 - 14% hydrocarbons, 71 - 72 % alkyl esters of monocarboxylic acids, 0.6 - 0.8 % choloesteryl esters, 12% - 14.5 % free acids, 1 - 1.5 % free alcohols, and other ingredients, including coloring matter, lactone, moisture and mineral impurities.
  • the simple esters of beeswax are comprised in major proportion of palmitate compounds, including myricyl palmitate.
  • each cell or bordered segment which is part of the overall tortoise shell pattern is made from or contains what is referred to herein as a sunburst pattern.
  • This combination of patterns is preferred in certain embodiments, and is generally achieved only with compositions that contain insect wax, and preferably beeswax, in amounts of from about 7% to about 10% of the wax component of the composition.
  • the articles in Figure 3 contain about 7%, 8%,9% and 10%, respectively from left to right, of beeswax with the remainder being vegetable-derived compounds comprising about 80 parts by weight of N- 1855 and 20 parts by weight of CE- 1618H.
  • FIG 4 color photographs of two cylindrically shaped articles in accordance with the present invention are shown. These articles each exhibit a visual effect which is described herein as marble pattern. It should be noted that these articles generally do not contain either a thumb-print pattern or a sunburst pattern effect.
  • the marble pattern is generally achieved only with compositions that contain insect wax, and preferably beeswax, in amounts of from about 11% to about 12%) of the wax component of the composition.
  • the articles in Figure 4 contain about 11% and 12 6%, respectively from left to right, of beeswax with the remainder being vegetable-derived compounds comprising about 80 parts by weight of N-1855 and 20 parts by weight of CE-1618H.
  • FIG. 6 a color photograph of a cylindrically shaped articles that does not exhibit the preferred pattern effect of the present invention is shown.
  • the article in Figure 6 contains about 20% of beeswax and 80% by weight of being vegetable-derived compounds comprising about 80 parts by weight of N-1855 and 20 parts by weight of CE- 1618H.
  • compositions of the present invention, and the articles from which they are made therefore preferably comprise, and even more preferably consist essentially of, from about 70 parts by weight to about 98 parts by weight of vegetable-derived compound(s), and insect wax (preferably beeswax) in an amount of from about 2 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, more preferably in amounts of from about 4 parts to about 15 parts by weight, and even more preferably in amounts of from about 4 parts to about 12 parts by weight.
  • insect wax preferably beeswax
  • other components such as perfumes, fillers, dyes, etc. may be included in the compositions and articles hereof without detriment.
  • the present articles can be formed from material other than the present composition, provided the present composition is utilized to provide at least one visual surface portion of the article. This could be achieved, for example, by coating or layering the present composition onto a support structure formed from other components. However, it is preferred in many embodiments, such as candles for example, that the article be formed in substantial portion from the present compositions. Such articles will receive the benefit of achieving a through-pattern feature for the article, that is, the decorative effect will exist throughout the article, and not just on a localized surface or area thereof. As a result, the effect will remain visible from all angles even as the candle burns.
  • the present compositions exhibit additional advantage when used as the material for molding or casting techniques. More particularly, such techniques utilize a mold which defines a cavity having the desired geometry of the article being produced.
  • the present composition preferably in molten form, is introduced into the mold, preferably by pouring, to fill the cavity and thereby taken on the desired shape.
  • the process also generally includes placing a wick into the cavity of the mold, for example by suspending the wick from a cross-bar over the mouth of the mold, and then placing the molten wax into the mold and around the wick. The wax is then allowed to solidify, and once the wax has set, the candle is removed from the mold.
  • Applicants have noted a significant processing advantage associated with the compositions of the present invention when used to make articles by the molding process. More particularly, applicants have noted that the easy with which the article is removed from one-piece molds is greatly enhanced by the incorporation of insect wax into the present compositions. Although applicant does not intend to necessarily bound by its theory of operation, it is believed that vegetable-derived compounds, and particularly the preferred vegetable acids and waxes, undergo no substantial shrinkage upon solidification and setting in the mold. As a result, it can sometimes be difficult to remove the shaped article from a one piece mold.
  • Applicant has found that the addition of as little as 1%>, but preferably at least about 3%, by weight of insect wax to the composition produces just enough shrinkage of the article, without materially effecting the overall shape or integrity of the article, to greatly enhance the ease with which the article can be removed from the mold.
  • release agents can be applied to the inside surfaces of the mold or introduced into the composition.
  • numerous materials can be used to form the mold, such as glass, metal (including aluminum), plaster, or even cardboard.
  • compositions 0 through 20 are illustrative of the compositions, articles and process of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Each of the following compositions was made from a vegetable-derived compound comprising about 80 weight percent of N-1855 and 20 weight percent CE-1618H. A series of compositions were made comprising this vegetable compound and beeswax comprising the balance of the composition in amounts of 0, 1, 2, etc. to 20 percent by weight, hereinafter referred to as Compositions 0 through 20.
  • compositions were melted, blended thoroughly to produce a substantially homogeneous mixture, poured at 140 °F into 1.875-inch aluminum candle molds, and allowed to harden at room temperature overnight.
  • Composition 1 with 1 percent beeswax, shrank slightly from the mold and released more easily than Composition 0.
  • Compositions 3 through 20 all shrank sufficiently from the mold to release easily after solidification.
  • a candle wax compositions is made from a vegetable-derived compound comprising about 80 weight percent of palmitic acid (V-1695) and 20 weight percent CE-1618H.
  • a series of compositions are made comprising the vegetable derived compound, with the balance being quantities of from 1 to about 20 percent by weight beeswax. These compositions are melted, blended thoroughly to produce a substantially homogeneous mixture, poured at 140 °F into 1.875-inch aluminum candle molds, and allowed to harden at room temperature overnight. These compositions all shrink from the mold and release more easily than compositions without beeswax.
  • a candle wax compositions is made from a vegetable-derived compound comprising about 50 weight percent of palmitic acid (V-1655) and 50 weight percent N-1855.
  • a series of compositions are made comprising this vegetable derived compound, with the balance being quantities of from 1 to about 20 percent by weight beeswax. These compositions are melted, blended thoroughly to produce a substantially homogeneous mixture, poured at 140° F into 1.875-inch aluminum candle molds, and allowed to harden at room temperature overnight. These compositions all shrink from the mold and release more easily than compositions without beeswax.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un article manufacturé, doté d'une forme, fabriqué à partir d'une composition à base végétale comprenant une combinaison de composés à base végétale et une cire d'insecte, la combinaison des ingrédients conférant à l'article des propriétés améliorées de libération et des caractéristiques esthétiques uniques et souhaitables.
PCT/US2001/047904 2000-11-02 2001-11-02 Compositions a base vegetale, articles et procedes de fabrication associes WO2002048295A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXPA03003910A MXPA03003910A (es) 2000-11-02 2001-11-02 Composiciones y articulos en base a vegetales, y metodos para preparar los mismos.
CA002428166A CA2428166A1 (fr) 2000-11-02 2001-11-02 Compositions a base vegetale, articles et procedes de fabrication associes
AU2002232548A AU2002232548A1 (en) 2000-11-02 2001-11-02 Vegetable-based compositions and articles, and methods of making same
EP01992075A EP1337611A2 (fr) 2000-11-02 2001-11-02 Compositions a base vegetale, articles et procedes de fabrication associes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26056000P 2000-11-02 2000-11-02
US60/260,560 2000-11-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002048295A2 true WO2002048295A2 (fr) 2002-06-20
WO2002048295A3 WO2002048295A3 (fr) 2003-06-12

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/US2001/047904 WO2002048295A2 (fr) 2000-11-02 2001-11-02 Compositions a base vegetale, articles et procedes de fabrication associes

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP1337611A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002232548A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2428166A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03003910A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002048295A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7569084B2 (en) 1998-08-12 2009-08-04 Bernard Tao Vegetable lipid-based composition and candle
KR20190061315A (ko) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-05 진성복 불교의식용 양초

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1954659A (en) * 1931-08-06 1934-04-10 Will & Baumer Candle Co Inc Candle and method of making same
US1958462A (en) * 1932-05-05 1934-05-15 Norbert J Baumer Candle
US1960994A (en) * 1929-12-07 1934-05-29 Will & Baumer Candle Company I Molding of beeswax candles and the product thereof
US3871815A (en) * 1973-03-08 1975-03-18 Jean Cangardel Candle for producing a colored flame
DE4320672A1 (de) * 1993-06-22 1995-01-05 Funfare Creative Co Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verformbaren Materials für Kerzen
US6063144A (en) * 1999-02-23 2000-05-16 Calzada; Jose Francisco Non-paraffin candle composition
JP2000212592A (ja) * 1998-11-20 2000-08-02 Serarika Noda:Kk 無煙キャンドル

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1166755C (zh) * 1999-09-14 2004-09-15 馨乐丽康野田株式会社 无烟蜡烛

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1960994A (en) * 1929-12-07 1934-05-29 Will & Baumer Candle Company I Molding of beeswax candles and the product thereof
US1954659A (en) * 1931-08-06 1934-04-10 Will & Baumer Candle Co Inc Candle and method of making same
US1958462A (en) * 1932-05-05 1934-05-15 Norbert J Baumer Candle
US3871815A (en) * 1973-03-08 1975-03-18 Jean Cangardel Candle for producing a colored flame
DE4320672A1 (de) * 1993-06-22 1995-01-05 Funfare Creative Co Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verformbaren Materials für Kerzen
JP2000212592A (ja) * 1998-11-20 2000-08-02 Serarika Noda:Kk 無煙キャンドル
US6063144A (en) * 1999-02-23 2000-05-16 Calzada; Jose Francisco Non-paraffin candle composition

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 11, 3 January 2001 (2001-01-03) & JP 2000 212592 A (SERARIKA NODA:KK), 2 August 2000 (2000-08-02) & EP 1 085 078 A (CERA RICA NODA CO., LTD.) 21 March 2001 (2001-03-21) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7569084B2 (en) 1998-08-12 2009-08-04 Bernard Tao Vegetable lipid-based composition and candle
US8137418B2 (en) 1998-08-12 2012-03-20 Indiana Soybean Alliance Vegetable lipid-based composition and candle
US8404003B2 (en) 1998-08-12 2013-03-26 Indiana Soybean Board, Inc. Vegetable lipid-based composition and candle
KR20190061315A (ko) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-05 진성복 불교의식용 양초
KR102007703B1 (ko) 2017-11-27 2019-08-06 진성복 불교의식용 양초

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002048295A3 (fr) 2003-06-12
MXPA03003910A (es) 2003-10-15
CA2428166A1 (fr) 2002-06-20
EP1337611A2 (fr) 2003-08-27
AU2002232548A1 (en) 2002-06-24

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