WO2002046127A2 - Procede et appareil de traitement de dechet - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de traitement de dechet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002046127A2
WO2002046127A2 PCT/GB2001/005412 GB0105412W WO0246127A2 WO 2002046127 A2 WO2002046127 A2 WO 2002046127A2 GB 0105412 W GB0105412 W GB 0105412W WO 0246127 A2 WO0246127 A2 WO 0246127A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
vermiculture
treated
compost
microbial decomposition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2001/005412
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002046127A3 (fr
Inventor
John Ronald Scott Gilchrist
Lynne Totten
Albert Briggs Eggen
John Mccluskey
Original Assignee
Melissa's Heat, Bug And Worm Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0029653A external-priority patent/GB0029653D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0110819A external-priority patent/GB0110819D0/en
Application filed by Melissa's Heat, Bug And Worm Company Limited filed Critical Melissa's Heat, Bug And Worm Company Limited
Priority to AU2002222137A priority Critical patent/AU2002222137A1/en
Publication of WO2002046127A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002046127A2/fr
Publication of WO2002046127A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002046127A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing waste.
  • this invention relates to a method for converting the organic portion of the wastestream into a variety of useful products, including a quality growing medium; and to apparatus for putting this method into practice.
  • thermophilic composting is a more attractive option.
  • current thermophilic composting practice necessitates utilising large areas of land for heaping waste out of doors, in long windrows. Variations in weather conditions affect the waste making the process of composting slow, and its product inconsistent. There is a requirement to turn the heaps periodically, and this is achieved by using expensive diesel fuelled machinery. Windrow composting produces gaseous and leachate emissions, which cause adverse environmental impact .
  • the products of such composting are of inconsistent and unpredictable quality which, whilst usable, are not very suitable for sale as compost, and therefore are of limited value.
  • thermophilic composting practice is to utilise in-vessel thermophilic systems.
  • many of these are mechanically and electronically complex. They are mostly batch processes; are capital intensive; and require considerable energy input.
  • the problem of converting organic waste economically into a usable product has led to the development of the use of worms to recycle organic material.
  • worms in a worm bed a support structure supporting a layer of biodegradable organic material, are fed biodegradable organic waste material (BOWM) to produce digested biodegradable organic material, known as castings.
  • BOWM biodegradable organic waste material
  • An effective high-tech' continuous flow vermi- organic digester comprising a worm bed is described in CA2170294 (Eggen) .
  • This digester comprises a ventilated enclosure containing a grating system which supports a layer of BOWM, which provides an environment for an immense biomass of worms (composting worms or brandlings) . From their introduction to the BOWM, the worms feed and begin to produce castings. This worm biomass is capable of consuming its own weight of suitable waste material per day.
  • the intensity of biological material in the surface layers of the bed requires these layers of the bed to be routinely loosened to allow for aeration to the entire worm population. There is also a misting system to ensure that the surface layers do not dry out, and a system of blowers controlled by temperature sensors to avoid overheating.
  • a constant supply of BOWM is introduced to this mix of worms, BOWM and castings. As the worms digest the BOWM they naturally migrate upwards in search of more food, separating the mix as a consequence - a worm- free layer of castings forms on the grating under the worm-containing BOWM.
  • This organic digester also comprises a raking system operable to loosen this bottom layer of castings from the mix for removal. The castings can then be removed for use as compost or soil enrichment .
  • the organic digester further comprises a thermostatically controlled ventilation system to maintain an optimum operating temperature in the worm bed, and to regulate moisture. This ensures the maximum consumption of waste and the production of material of consistent and repeatable quality.
  • this organic digester is ideal for up to one metric tonne of waste per day, it would require a digester of unmanageable scale (or a large area of smaller digesters) for larger scale operations such as those faced by municipal waste systems .
  • a method for processing organic waste in which waste is treated by microbial decomposition, and at least a proportion of the resulting treated waste is further treated by vermiculture in worm bed.
  • the microbial decomposition may comprise thermophilic composting, or aerobic or anaerobic digestion, or both.
  • the invention provides compost produced by the foregoing method, most preferably compost mixed with 1 - 10% of worm castings.
  • a further aspect of the present invention provides apparatus for processing waste comprising microbial decomposition means for receiving waste and producing microbial decomposition therein, vermiculture means receiving organic material and supporting a population of worms feeding upon said material to produce castings, and transfer means for transferring a selected proportion of treated material from the microbial decomposition means to the vermiculture means.
  • Fig 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig 2 is a schematic illustration of one form of composter which can be used in the present invention
  • Fig 3 is a schematic illustration of an alternative composter.
  • this method uses the steps of treating organic material using selected micro- organisms to produce compost and then treating the compost in a variety of ways, including introducing part of the compost to a worm bed to produce digested biodegradable organic material known as castings.
  • the apparatus and system of Fig. 1 treats a number of organic waste streams 10, 12, 14. These waste streams are separated at source and may comprise green matter, catering slops, sewage sludge, manure, abattoir waste, poultry waste, fish waste, seaweed, household organic waste, brewery/distillery waste, paper, cardboard, supermarket waste, and other biosolids . Wastes which are substantially dry, such as waste streams 12 and 14, are passed directly to a shredding and mixing machine 16.
  • Wastes which have a significant liquid content are first shredded by a shredder 18 and then treated in a moisture modification apparatus 20 (which may be, for example, a filter, belt press or centrifuge) to produce a solid stream 22 and a liquid stream 24.
  • the solid stream 22 passes to the mixer/shredder 16.
  • the liquid stream 24 is passed to a digester 26 of known type for aerobic or anaerobic digestion to produce a clarified liquid 28 which is discharged to drain or watercourse, and sludge 30 which is used as described below.
  • bioaugmentation as indicated at 50 may be applied to the digester 26 and/or to the shredder/mixer 16, bioaugmentation being the addition of micro-organisms which will be beneficial to the breakdown of the waste material. Treating organic material using selected micro-organisms (bioaugmentation) encourages immediate initiation of the degradation of the material. Encouraging degrading in this way ensures that the method proceeds optimally.
  • the mixer/shredder 16 reduces the organic waste to a small size and mixes the various waste streams together.
  • An important factor in the rapid breakdown of waste by thermophilic material has been found to be the shredding of paper, cardboard and green material right down into its constituent individual fibres .
  • the shredder blades should rotate at a speed sufficient to achieve this. This ensures that extensive surface areas of material are exposed to bacterial action, and by ensuring optimal conditions in an in-vessel system the composting process is both very rapid and consistent.
  • thermophillic composting system 32 The resulting material passes to a thermophillic composting system 32.
  • nitrogen sources and/or bulking agents may be added at this point .
  • Alternative forms of thermophillic composting system which may be used at 32 are discussed below.
  • the resulting compost passes through a screen 34 to be separated into a coarse fraction 36 and a fine fraction 38.
  • the coarse fraction 36 is passed to a first curing store 40.
  • a selected proportion of the fine fraction 38 is passed to a second curing store 42.
  • the compost is held in the relevant curing store for about four weeks to cure or fully stabilise before being packed or transported for use.
  • An alternative is to pack immediately in porous sacks, which enable sufficient air to penetrate the product to allow for the final bacterial and fungal activity which will render the product stable.
  • the remaining portion of the fine fraction 38 of the compost is passed to a shredder 44 which reduces the compost further in size to a very fine fibrous form, which is fed to a vermiculture apparatus 46.
  • the digested sludge 30 is also fed to the vermiculture apparatus 46.
  • the vermiculture apparatus 46 is preferably a self-contained, compact, highly automated apparatus of the type describer in CA 2170294 (Eggen) ; however, other types of vermiculture apparatus may be used in the present invention.
  • Feeding the vermiculture apparatus with material which has undergone shredding and thermophilic composting has a number of advantages.
  • the feedstock has already had pathogen kill and the destruction of all weed seeds.
  • the rapid action of the thermophilic bacteria has increased the palatability of the fraction for the worms by breaking down the material, and in particular by starting to break down the tough fibrous material, which speeds up the vermidigestion phase and raises the production rate of castings.
  • the castings which are produced in the vermiculture apparatus 56 are passed to a screen 48 to be separated into coarse castings 52 and fine castings 54. Unlike the compost from the thermophilic digester, the vermiculture castings are chemically and microbially stable as soon as they emerge from the casting removal system.
  • a particularly valuable product is formed by about 90% fine compost (product 2) mixed with about 1 - 10% castings (products 3 and 4) , preferably about 10%, which has greatly enhanced plant growth characteristics; it is of course possible to choose the proportion of material passing to vermiculture to optimise the process for this mixture.
  • thermophilic composting process this can be operated as a batch process.
  • a heap of waste is placed in a container to decompose, and is aerated until the decomposition process is almost complete.
  • the container is then emptied and refilled with a fresh heap of waste.
  • the initial composting process occurs thermophilically .
  • Bulking agents are used if necessary to provide an aerobic structure for active composting.
  • the heap is structured such that air can circulate through the heap to aerate the mix naturally,, and to facilitate aerobic composting.
  • the composting is operated as a continuous flow process. That is, there is continuous addition of waste to one end of the composting mass, and removal of product from the other.
  • This method has a low energy requirement since the waste is structured to develop natural aeration. This keeps emissions, odour and costs to a minimum .
  • An in- vessel composter comprises a modular framework 60 adapted for stacked suspension of a plurality of modular louvered containers or collars 62.
  • Each collar 62 has dimensions of 6 m long by 5 m high by 1.2 m wide, and louvered sides 64. This modular arrangement, and the louvered sides 64 encourage free circulation of air between and within the collars 62.
  • Waste is fed to the collar or system of collars from a feeder 66.
  • the apparatus further comprises means such as an auger 68 to remove treated product from the base of the collar or collars 62.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative form of composter is illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the shredded waste is fed from a hopper 70 along a horizontal insulated tube 72.
  • the composting waste is transported by an auger 74 which also serves to agitate and open up the material to permit thorough oxygenation.
  • air may be blown through the tube 72.
  • Other forms of horizontal composter are possible.
  • a rotary tube could be used, with internal fins or paddles to agitate the material .
  • shredded waste is added to the top of the collars or end of the tube.
  • the composting material is populated by mesophilic micro- organisms which break down the cell walls of the waste particles and generate sufficient heat for a population of thermophilic micro-organisms to develop.
  • the presence of these micro-organisms at the start of the process divides the material into thermophilic temperature zones with the temperature greatest at the start of the process, that is at the top of the heap or input end of the tube, and the micro-organisms break down the waste rapidly.
  • the temperature at this level is sufficiently high to kill and weed seeds or pathogens . Temperatures in excess of 70°C are attained. Keeping the material at this temperature for one hour or less should result in total pathogen kill, but we prefer to maintain such temperatures for about 24 hours or longer. Temperature monitors may be fitted to record an audit trail for confirmation of the effectiveness of the process.
  • the composting mix works its way downwards or along through zones of progressively lower temperature, reducing in volume over time, eventually reaching the foot of the heap or the end of the tube. Under these conditions the microbes, bacteria and fungi introduced at the top of the heap feed on the organic matter and breed at a phenomenal rate and their huge number and activity results in a mesophilic (or 'warm' ) composting process.
  • the structure of the heap ensures that an adequate air supply is drawn into each zone of the heap enabling the process optimally to develop a thermophilic or hot composition stage where the rate of organic matter decomposition is further accelerated.
  • this invention harnesses thermophilic composting with the use of worms for the digestion of biodegradable organic material. It is an inclusive process which has a small footprint, is mechanically simple, requires little energy input and has minimum impact on the environment. It produces a commercial range of peat alternative, compost and soil amendment products. This range of products including peat substitute, a range of mulches, good general compost, vermi-compost mixes and castings, all of which are commercially viable.
  • the invention enables conversion of putrescent waste into a range of useful composting products.
  • Bioaugmentation of the waste material provides marked increase in speed of composting over known methods.
  • the temperatures in the thermophilic stage of the process are controlled to ensure that any pathogenic organisms in the waste are killed.
  • the process of vermistabilisation also destroys pathogens .
  • Other advantages of the invention are that no methane gas is produced, there is no leachate to damage soil, and the power, water and labour inputs required are small.
  • the invention includes within its scope (1) composting of solids combined with vermidigestion of some or all of the compost, (2) microbial digestion of liquids combined with vermidigestion of some or all of the sludge, and (3) both of these in a combined system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, un déchet organique est mélangé et déchiqueté dans un mélangeur-déchiqueteur (16) et composté dans un système de compostage thermophile (32). On utilise une partie du compost comme aliment pour un système de lombriculture (46) afin de produire des turricules de vers. Le compost et les turricules peuvent être utilisés séparément ou en mélange. Il est possible de traiter les déchets liquides dans un fermenteur (26) par voie aérobie ou anaérobie, le boues résultantes servant d'aliment pour le système de lombriculture (46).
PCT/GB2001/005412 2000-12-06 2001-12-06 Procede et appareil de traitement de dechet WO2002046127A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002222137A AU2002222137A1 (en) 2000-12-06 2001-12-06 Method and apparatus for processing waste

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0029653.3 2000-12-06
GB0029653A GB0029653D0 (en) 2000-12-06 2000-12-06 Method and apparatus for processing waste
GB0110819.0 2001-05-03
GB0110819A GB0110819D0 (en) 2001-05-03 2001-05-03 Method and apparatus for processing waste

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002046127A2 true WO2002046127A2 (fr) 2002-06-13
WO2002046127A3 WO2002046127A3 (fr) 2002-08-15

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WO (1) WO2002046127A2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004092079A1 (fr) * 2003-04-16 2004-10-28 Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd Appareil et procede de traitement de dechets
US6991728B2 (en) 2001-05-10 2006-01-31 Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd Apparatus and method for the treatment of waste
ES2346501A1 (es) * 2008-08-14 2010-10-15 Jose Antonio Fernandez Molina Planta de produccion de harina de lombriz.
WO2016097301A1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-23 Damgro B.V. Substrat pour la croissance de plantes
CN109748653A (zh) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-14 陆媛媛 一种高效生物有机肥料制作方法
US10577289B2 (en) * 2018-01-13 2020-03-03 Earnest Earth Agriculture, Inc. Vermiculture bioreactor system and method of use
CN114011856A (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-02-08 同济大学 一种农村餐厨垃圾好氧与厌氧协同的处置方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2170294A1 (fr) 1996-02-26 1997-08-27 Albert Briggs Eggen Digesteur organique de vers

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2457490A1 (de) * 1974-12-05 1976-06-10 Ecology Patent Verfahren zur verdichtung und verkoernung von kompost
FR2482084B1 (fr) * 1980-05-08 1985-07-12 Weynandt Jean Compost provenant de dechets organiques, procede pour son obtention et installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
FR2600640A1 (fr) * 1986-06-26 1987-12-31 Peguy Guy Procede et appareil pour la transformation d'ordures menageres en engrais
US6124112A (en) * 1992-08-24 2000-09-26 Molenaar; Jan Method for the production of a fermented compost using bacteria, fungi and worms at controlled temperature
AUPN541095A0 (en) * 1995-09-13 1995-10-05 Act Department Of Urban Services A method and system of processing waste
DE19609560A1 (de) * 1996-03-12 1997-09-18 Heinz Loosen Verfahren zur Verrottung kompostierbaren Materials

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2170294A1 (fr) 1996-02-26 1997-08-27 Albert Briggs Eggen Digesteur organique de vers

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6991728B2 (en) 2001-05-10 2006-01-31 Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd Apparatus and method for the treatment of waste
WO2004092079A1 (fr) * 2003-04-16 2004-10-28 Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd Appareil et procede de traitement de dechets
US7294272B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2007-11-13 Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd Method for the treatment of waste
US7323107B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2008-01-29 Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd Apparatus and method for the treatment of waste
AU2008243257B2 (en) * 2003-04-16 2009-06-11 Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd Apparatus and method for the treatment of waste
AU2004229593B2 (en) * 2003-04-16 2009-07-09 Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd Apparatus and method for the treatment of waste
ES2346501A1 (es) * 2008-08-14 2010-10-15 Jose Antonio Fernandez Molina Planta de produccion de harina de lombriz.
WO2016097301A1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-23 Damgro B.V. Substrat pour la croissance de plantes
NL2014015B1 (en) * 2014-12-19 2016-10-12 Damgro Bv Compacted plant growth substrate.
CN109748653A (zh) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-14 陆媛媛 一种高效生物有机肥料制作方法
US10577289B2 (en) * 2018-01-13 2020-03-03 Earnest Earth Agriculture, Inc. Vermiculture bioreactor system and method of use
CN114011856A (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-02-08 同济大学 一种农村餐厨垃圾好氧与厌氧协同的处置方法
CN114011856B (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-11-01 同济大学 一种农村餐厨垃圾好氧与厌氧协同的处置方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002046127A3 (fr) 2002-08-15
AU2002222137A1 (en) 2002-06-18

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