WO2002044359A1 - Enzima con actividad proteolítica - Google Patents
Enzima con actividad proteolítica Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002044359A1 WO2002044359A1 PCT/ES2001/000471 ES0100471W WO0244359A1 WO 2002044359 A1 WO2002044359 A1 WO 2002044359A1 ES 0100471 W ES0100471 W ES 0100471W WO 0244359 A1 WO0244359 A1 WO 0244359A1
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- enzyme
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/50—Isolated enzymes; Isolated proteins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/16—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/58—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from fungi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- This invention relates to enzymes with proteolytic activity, to DNA constructs encoding said enzymes, to methods for the production of said enzymes, to compositions comprising said enzymes and to the use of said enzymes, DNA constructs and compositions.
- Enzymes with proteolytic activity are enzymes capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of a peptide bond (E.C. 3.4). This group of enzymes is characterized by its ubiquitous distribution in the different life forms, its variability in the cellular location and by the great variety of physiological processes in which they intervene.
- peptidases are classified into exopeptidases [peptidases that require the presence of a free amino or carboxyl end in the substrate], and endopeptidases [peptidases that hydrolyse peptide bonds present within the chain].
- exopeptidases peptidases that require the presence of a free amino or carboxyl end in the substrate
- endopeptidases peptidases that hydrolyse peptide bonds present within the chain.
- the different recognized catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes have given rise to four subgroups named according to the active site that is directly involved in the breaking of the peptide bond [aspartyl-endopeptidases, cysteine-endopeptidases, metallo-endopeptidases and serine-endopeptidases].
- a review of the classification and characteristics of these enzymes can be found in the works of Rawlings and Barret [Rawlings ND & Barrett AJ (1994).
- Peptidases can be acidic, basic or neutral depending on their activity at low, high or neutral pH, respectively. Peptidases are widely used in various industries, for example, in the manufacture of laundry detergents, in the leather industry, in the food industry, etc.
- Trichoderma Although fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been studied for a long time (both for their cellulolytic activity and for their antagonistic properties of fungal pathogens of plants) and numerous enzymes have been identified (chitinases, ⁇ -1,3- and ⁇ - 1,6-glucanases, (X-1, 3-glucanases, etc.), only two proteases have been identified and characterized, a T. reesei aspartyl protease and a T. harzianum serine protease. denominated Prbl (Geremia, RA, Goldman, GH, Jacobs, D., Ardiles,., Vila, SB, van Motagu, M. and Herrera-Estrella, A.
- the invention faces the problem of providing new enzymes with proteolytic activity.
- the solution provided by this invention is based on The inventors have found a new enzyme with proteolytic activity, which has an acidic pl and belongs to the serine-peptidases family.
- a characteristic of said enzyme, in addition to its proteolytic activity that allows it to degrade peptide bonds, is its affinity for structures comprising proteins or peptides, such as fungal cell walls (containing chitin and glucan polymers embedded in, and covalently bound to, a protein matrix), or structures composed of polysaccharides covalently bound to proteins, for example, insect cuticles, arachnids, etc., whereby said enzyme can intervene in the degradation or modification of said structures comprising proteins or peptides
- the enzyme provided by the invention can also be used in the irreversible proteolytic inactivation of structural proteins or with enzymatic activity determining the virulence or pathogenesis of pathogens on animals or plants.
- an object of this invention is an enzyme with proteolytic activity.
- the process for obtaining said enzyme and compositions comprising said enzyme also constitute additional objects of this invention.
- Additional objects of this invention are the use of said enzymes or compositions for the degradation or modification of materials containing peptide bonds, including structures comprising proteins or peptides, as well as in the irreversible proteolytic inactivation of structural proteins or enzymatic activity determinants of the virulence or pathogenesis of pathogens on animals or plants.
- DNA Transgenic vectors, cells and plants comprising said DNA sequences constitute another object. Additional of this invention. The use of said DNA sequences for obtaining said enzymes or for the construction of transgenic plants is also an additional object of this invention.
- the invention provides an enzyme with proteolytic activity, hereinafter enzyme of the invention, which has an amino acid sequence selected from: a) an amino acid sequence comprising the amino acid sequence shown in the SEC. ID. N °:
- substantially homologous means that the amino acid sequences in question have a degree of identity, at the amino acid level, of at least 70%, preferably of at least 85%, and, more preferably of at least , 95%.
- the term “functionally equivalent” means that the protein in question has at least proteolytic activity.
- the enzyme of the invention in addition to its proteolytic activity, which can be tested both in gel, by casein-SDS-PAGE [Example 1.2], and in the liquid phase
- section A of Example 3.3 may have affinity for structures comprising proteins or peptides, for example, fungal cell walls, insect and arachnid cuticles, etc., and / or the ability to irreversibly inactivate, by proteolysis , structural or enzymatic activity proteins involved in the attack of a pathogen on animals or plants.
- the affinity of the enzyme of the invention for structures comprising proteins or peptides can be tested by a method of adsorption-digestion with purified cell walls of a fungus, for example, C. acutatum or Botrytis cinerea, such as that described in Example 1.3 where an assay to determine the adsorption of proteins to fungal cell walls is illustrated.
- the enzyme of the invention has the amino acid sequence shown in the SEC. ID. N °: 1 or an active fragment thereof, that is, a fragment of said protein that maintains proteolytic activity.
- the enzyme of the invention is an enzyme, or active fragment, derived from T. harzianum, which has the amino acid sequence shown in the SEC. ID. N °: 1, or a part thereof.
- the enzyme of the invention is an enzyme derived from T. harzianum having the amino acid sequence shown in the SEC. ID. N °: 1 and has been called Pral in this description [Examples 1 and 2].
- the Pral enzyme has a molecular weight of 28 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE, a pl of 4.7-4.9, an optimal pH of 7.5 (although it is more stable at an acidic pH), an optimum temperature between 35 ° C and 40 ° C (pH 7.5), belongs to the serine-peptidases family, it is a trypsin-like peptidase since it has the sequences of the amino end and an internal peptide has a high homology with other proteases Trypsin type, has specificity for N-acetyl-Ile-Glu-Ala-Arg-pNA (a synthetic substrate specific for trypsin) but has no activity against other synthetic substrates for chymotrypsin or elastase [Example 3].
- the enzyme of the invention can be obtained from a producer organism thereof, such as a fungus of the genus Trichoderma, by a method comprising the cultivation of the producer organism under appropriate conditions for the expression of said enzyme and, subsequently, recovering said enzyme.
- the fungus used belongs to the species Trichoderma harzianum, specifically to the strain deposited in the Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT) with the access number CECT 2413.
- the culture of the producing organism can be done in two stages, as mentioned in Example 1.
- spores of the fungus are inoculated in a culture medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source and then the mycelium is collected , washed and cultivated in a suitable minimum medium supplemented with purified fungal cell walls, for example, from Colletotrichum ac ⁇ tatum, as the sole source of carbon to induce enzymes with proteolytic activity.
- the isolation and purification of the enzyme of the invention can be carried out by conventional techniques comprising the separation of the proteins produced by chromato-focusing and gel filtration of the concentrated fractions that exhibited greater proteolytic activity [see Example 2].
- the enzyme with purified proteolytic activity can be used for its characterization (Example 3). From the enzyme of the invention, the DNA sequence encoding said enzyme can be identified and isolated by a method comprising:
- gDNA genomic DNA libraries
- cDNA copy DNA
- Example 4 the analysis and selection of positive clones. All these steps are described in more detail in Example 4 where the obtaining of a DNA sequence is illustrated. which encodes the Pral protease of T. harzianum.
- the cDNA library can be obtained from the total RNA of the enzyme producing organism of the invention following a standard protocol [Chomczynski and Sacchi, 1987, Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chlorofom extraction. Anal. Biochem 162: 156-159] with slight modifications.
- the enzyme producing organism of the invention is T. harzianum CECT 2413, which is grown in a minimal medium with fungal cell walls as the sole carbon source, the messenger RNA (mRNA) being isolated by affinity chromatography at oligo (dT) cellulose.
- the cDNA is synthesized, for example, using a commercial kit, bound to a suitable vector and packaged in an appropriate host.
- the amino acid sequencing of the enzyme of the invention and of internal fragments thereof can be performed by any conventional method, for example, by the method of Edmans Matsudaira [A practical guide to protein and peptide purification for microsequencing. Academic press, Inc. New York, Edmans Matsudaira (eds.) 1989].
- a set of oligonucleotides can be designed to amplify a specific sequence corresponding to the DNA sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention.
- the direct oligonucleotide was designed from the amino end sequence of the Pral enzyme while the reverse oligonucleotide
- Example 3 describes the sequences of the amino terminus and an internal fragment of the Pral enzyme that served to design the oligonucleotides used for the PCR.
- Suitable fragments resulting from PCR amplification can be labeled and used as probes for scrutinize a library (cDNA or cDNA) in order to isolate the clones of interest by in situ hybridization.
- the invention provides a DNA construct that encodes the enzyme of the invention comprising: a) a DNA sequence comprising the SEC. ID. N °: 2; or b) a DNA sequence analogous to the sequence defined in a) that i) is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence defined in a); and / or ii) encodes for a polypeptide that is substantially homologous to the protein encoded by the sequence of
- analogue is intended to include any DNA sequence that encodes an enzyme with proteolytic activity having the properties i) -ii) mentioned above.
- analog DNA sequence typically, the analog DNA sequence:
- - is constructed based on the DNA sequence shown in the SEC. ID. N °: 2, for example, by the introduction of conservative nucleotide substitutions, that is, which do not give rise to another amino acid sequence of the protease encoded by said DNA sequence shown in SEQ. ID. N °: 2, but that corresponds to the use of codons of the host organism destined for the production of the enzyme, or by the introduction of nucleotide substitutions that give rise to a different amino acid sequence and, therefore, possibly, to a Different protein structure that could give rise to a mutant protease with properties different from those of the native enzyme.
- analog DNA sequence may be a sub sequence of the DNA sequence shown in any of the sequences shown in the SEC. ID. N °: 2.
- the analogous DNA sequence is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence encoding an enzyme with proteolytic activity of the invention, for example SEC. ID. N °: 2, that is, it has a nucleotide level homology of at least 70%, preferably at least 85%, or more preferably at least 95% with respect to any of the previously mentioned sequences .
- the DNA sequence provided by this invention has the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEC. ID. N °: 2, or a fragment thereof that encodes a protein that maintains proteolytic activity.
- the DNA sequence provided by this invention, or fragment encoding a protein that maintains proteolytic activity is derived from T. harzianum and comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ. ID. N °: 2, or a part thereof.
- said DNA sequence derived from T. harzianum has the nucleotide sequence shown in the SEC. ID. N °: 2 and encodes the Pral protease of T. harzianum.
- the DNA sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention can come not only from T. harzianum but from any other strain of Tri choderma or from any host organism transformed with said sequence, from DNA.
- the DNA sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention can be isolated, by conventional techniques, from the -DNA of any organism by using probes or oligonucleotides prepared from the information on the DNA sequence. provided in this description, or by initiators (by PCR).
- the DNA sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention, or the construction that contains it, can be inserted into an appropriate vector. Therefore, the invention also relates to a vector, such as an expression vector, comprising said DNA sequence, or a construct containing it.
- a vector such as an expression vector
- the choice of the vector will depend on the host cell into which it will be subsequently introduced.
- the vector where said DNA sequence is introduced can be a plasmid or a vector that, when introduced into a host cell, is integrated into the genome of said cells and replicated together with the chromosome (or chromosomes) in which (in which) it has been integrated.
- the DNA sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention must be operatively connected to a promoter and a terminator sequence.
- the promoter can be any DNA sequence that shows a transcriptional activity in the chosen host cell and can be derived well from genes encoding homologous or heterologous proteins of the host cell.
- the methods used to link the DNA sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention to the promoter and the terminator sequence, respectively, and to insert said construct into a vector are well known to those skilled in the art and have been described, for example. , by Sambrook et al. [Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989].
- the invention also provides a cell comprising a DNA sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention, or a DNA construct containing said sequence or said vector mentioned above.
- the host cells that can be transformed with the DNA sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention can be prokaryotic cells or, preferably, eukaryotic cells, such as cells of plant tissues or fungal cells, for example, yeast or filamentous fungal cells.
- the transformation of these cells can be carried out by conventional techniques, for example, by techniques that involve the formation of protoplasts and their transformation followed by the regeneration of the cell wall.
- the transformation of plant tissue cells can be very interesting from various points of view, for example, to increase resistance to phytopathogenic fungi.
- the enzyme of the invention optionally, has the ability to irreversibly inactivate, by proteolysis, structural proteins or enzymatic activity involved in the attack of pathogens to animals or plants and / or determinants of the virulence or pathogenesis of pathogens on animals or plants
- the DNA construct provided by this invention which encodes the enzyme of the invention, can be used to reduce the virulence or pathogenesis of animal and plant pathogens, or to increase the resistance of animals and plants to pathogens, for example , to increase the resistance of plants against fungi of the genus Botrytis by inactivating the structural protein (s) or enzyme (s) involved in the attack of the pathogen to the plant.
- the DNA construct provided by this invention is used in obtaining transgenic plants capable of expressing the enzyme of the invention to improve resistance to pathogens by irreversibly inactivating enzymes and proteins responsible for the attack on plant.
- the invention also provides a cell transgenic of a plant comprising a DNA construct of the invention having a promoter, functional in said plant, operably linked to a DNA construct of the invention, or a fragment thereof.
- a transgenic plant comprising at least one of said transgenic cells constitutes a further object of this invention.
- said transgenic plant is a strawberry plant.
- the invention also provides a method for the production of an enzyme of the invention, comprising culturing a suitable host cell that contains the DNA sequence encoding the enzyme of the invention under conditions that allow the production of the enzyme and recovering the enzyme from the culture medium.
- the medium used to grow the transformed host cells can be any suitable means to grow the host cells in question.
- the expressed peptidase can, advantageously, be secreted into the culture medium and can be recovered by a procedure such as that described in Example 2 or by any other conventional protein isolation procedure comprising the separation of the cells from the culture medium, the protein precipitation and separation by chromatographic methods.
- the invention also provides an enzymatic preparation comprising at least one enzyme with proteolytic activity of the invention.
- This enzymatic preparation is useful for the degradation or modification of materials containing peptide bonds, that is, materials containing proteins, peptides or amino acid residues linked by peptide bonds, such as cell walls of prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms, for example, cell walls of fungi, since said cell walls contain chitin and / or glucan polymers embedded in, and covalently bound to, a protein matrix, or cuticles of insects or arachnids comprising polysaccharide-based structures covalently bound to proteins.
- the enzyme preparation provided by this invention may contain between 0.01% and 100% by weight of the enzyme with proteolytic activity of the invention.
- the enzyme preparation provided by this invention is a single component enzyme preparation and mostly contains an enzyme with proteolytic activity of the invention.
- the enzyme preparation provided by this invention comprises multiple enzyme activities, for example, different enzyme activities required for the modification or degradation of microbial cell walls.
- said enzymatic preparation may include lithic enzymes, in particular of microbial origin (fungal or bacterial), for example, derived from various species of the genera Trichoderma, Oerskovia, Arthrobacter, Rhizotocnia,
- Staphylococcus or Streptomyces may also contain one or more enzymes capable of modifying or degrading cell walls, for example, enzymes with cellulolytic, mannanolytic, chitinolytic or proteolytic activity, such as cellulases, ⁇ - (1, 6) - glucanases, ⁇ - (1, 3) -glucanases, mannanas, endo- or exoquitinases, chitosanase, proteases, ⁇ - or ⁇ -mannosidases, mutanases, etc.
- enzymes can come from any organism producing them, such as various species of the Aspergill us genus or those mentioned above in relation to lithic enzymes.
- the enzyme preparation of the invention can be prepared by conventional methods and can be presented in liquid or solid form, for example, in the form of a granulate.
- the enzyme preparation may contain additives, for example, stabilizers that prolong its stability.
- the enzyme with proteolytic activity provided by this invention may also have affinity for fungal cell walls, or for cuticles of insects and arachnids, therefore, it can contribute to the degradation of fungal cell walls, for example, phytopathogenic fungi, such as C. ac ⁇ ta tum, B. cinérea, etc., or in the degradation of insect cuticles, arachnids, etc. Therefore, the invention also provides an antifungal composition comprising at least one enzyme of the invention together with at least one fungicide, for example, a chemical fungicide.
- any of the commonly used, preferably, a chemical fungicide selected from the group consisting of chemical fungicides that affect the membrane, chemical fungicides that affect the synthesis of the cell wall and mixtures thereof can be used.
- the antifungal composition of the invention may also contain at least one protein with degrading enzymatic activity of the cell wall. Any enzyme with cell wall degrading activity can be used, if desired, in the antifungal composition of the invention.
- the antifungal composition of the invention which may contain between 0.01% and 99.99% by weight of the enzyme of the invention, may be prepared by conventional methods and may be presented in liquid or solid form, for example, in the form of a granulated.
- the antifungal composition of the invention may also contain additives, for example, stabilizers in order to prolong the stability thereof.
- the enzyme of the invention can be used to degrade or modify materials containing peptide bonds, for example, the proteins present in microbial cell walls, the enzyme of the invention can be used as a biofungicide against various harmful organisms, for example , against phytopathogenic fungi
- fungi including fungi that cause damage to crops and fruit-contaminating fungi . pre- and post-harvest
- animal pathogenic fungi including human pathogenic fungi
- food contaminant fungi surfaces and equipment, and, in general, any fungus that causes economic losses in any industrial, agricultural or livestock sector.
- the enzyme of the invention can also be used to break or use the cell walls of various microorganisms to recover products of interest produced by said microorganisms.
- the enzyme preparation of the invention can be designed at will with a composition specifically adapted for the cell wall to be broken or used.
- the cell wall to be broken contains a protein-mannan complex and a glucan
- the enzyme preparation could advantageously contain a mixture of protease, mannanase, chitinase activities. and ⁇ -glucanase, in order to efficiently break said cell wall.
- Other applications of the enzyme of the invention include, by way of illustration, not limitation, the extraction of hand-proteins from the outer layer of yeast cell walls; the production of protoplasts from yeasts or fungi; the preparation of yeast and fungus extracts; the improvement of filtration operations in processes for the production of wines, musts and juices; the production of wines with altered organoleptic properties by overexpression of the gene in wine yeasts; the preparation of compositions for cleaning teeth and dentures; the preparation of compositions for cleaning contact lenses; the elimination of fungi on coatings; tissue treatment, for example, removal of excess dye in tissues; the preparation of compositions for removing dental plaque; the preparation of compositions for removing biological films (biofilms) deposited on surfaces, for example on the surface of a contact lens; the manufacture of detergents for washing clothes and / or dishes, etc.
- the enzyme or enzymatic preparation or antifungal composition provided by this invention can be used. in the control of pernicious organisms, for example, against phytopathogenic fungi (including fungi that cause damage to crops and contaminating fungi of pre- and post-harvest fruits), pathogenic fungi of animals (including human pathogenic fungi), fungi food contaminants, surfaces and equipment, and, in general, any fungus that causes economic losses in any industrial, agricultural or livestock sector.
- control includes the reduction or paralysis of growth and / or germination that may result in the elimination of such pernicious organisms or in the reduction of damage caused by them. Therefore, in a particular embodiment of this invention said enzymatic preparations or antifungal compositions will be pharmaceutical compositions or compositions for application in the agricultural sector.
- the enzyme, enzyme preparation or antifungal composition of the invention can also be used to disinfest, prevent and / or treat infection caused by pathogenic fungi of animals in livestock facilities, which are susceptible to being infested by pathogenic fungi of animals that grow and they develop on substrates that are in contact with the animals, for example, the straw used in the beds of the animals, or in the conditions of animal housing, with which there is a risk that said animals are infested by such pathogens .
- test samples for analysis for example, biological, food samples, etc.
- the invention provides a solution to said problem consisting in the use of an enzyme, enzyme preparation or antifungal composition of the invention to control fungal contamination in said test samples for analysis, by application to said samples.
- the antifungal composition of the invention can be used to control all types of pernicious fungi, such as those mentioned previously, by means of the control mechanism known as integrated control.
- the dosage of the enzyme preparation and the antifungal composition provided by this invention and its conditions of use can be determined based on the methods known in the art.
- enzyme of the invention include its use to combat the pathogenesis due to insects, arachnids, etc., by destroying or modifying its cuticle, as well as its use to reduce the virulence or pathogenesis of animal or plant pathogens by the irreversible proteolytic inactivation of structural proteins and / or enzymes involved in the attack of said pathogens on animals and plants.
- the flasks were inoculated with a final concentration of 10 spores / ml, and incubated at 200 rp at 25 ° C for 48 hours.
- the mycelia were collected, under sterile conditions, by filtration in kitasate through filter paper, washed thoroughly with 2% MgCl 2 solution (w / v) and with sterile water, and immediately used for Inoculate new crops.
- Detection of proteolytic activity in the culture supernatants of T. harzianum was carried out after the samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE with the substrate copolymerized on the gel.
- the preparation of the gels was carried out normally but including in the separation gel the casein substrate, specifically 600 ⁇ l of renaturation buffer [Tris / HCl 50 M pH 8.0, casein (Sigma) 1% (w / v ), 2 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 0.05% (w / v) sodium azide].
- the samples to be tested were prepared in loading buffer containing the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) denaturing agent but not the reducing agent 2- mercaptoethanol [0.25 M Tris / HCl pH 6.8; 40% glycerol; 8% SDS and 0 / 05% bromophenol blue]. Electrophoresis was performed at 4 ° C to reduce enzyme activity during the run. Subsequently, the gel was incubated in renaturation buffer at room temperature under stirring for 1 hour, with two changes of the buffer. This step is intended to eliminate the SDS contained in the gel and allow the renaturation of enzymes.
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- the gel was incubated at 37 ° C in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer for 6 hours to allow proteases to act. After staining and fading the gels, the proteolytic activity is visualized as an unstained area on a dark blue background.
- T. harzianum CECT 2413 The affinity on fungal cell walls of enzymes with proteolytic activity secreted by T. harzianum CECT 2413 was tested following a conventional adsorption-digestion method. To do this, 2 ml aliquots of the T. harzianum culture supernatants, concentrated and dialyzed, were incubated under stirring at 4 ° C for 20 minutes with an equal volume of a 1% (w / v) suspension of cell walls purified fungi. Subsequently, the samples were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm in a Sorvall RC5-C centrifuge with SS34 rotor for 10 minutes.
- the collected supernatants were re-incubated with new cell wall suspensions two more times. Finally, the cell walls were combined and washed three times with 5 ml of 70 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 6.0 supplemented with 1 M NaCl. Proteins not adsorbed to the cell walls (which remained in the supernatants) were precipitated and dialyzed. The cell walls with the adsorbed proteins were resuspended in 1 ml of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 5.5 and incubated in Eppendorf tubes at 37 ° C for 24 hours to allow digestion of the cell walls and release of the adsorbed proteins .
- the cells were broken in mortar in the presence of liquid nitrogen, and washed numerous times with 2M NaCl and then with distilled water, centrifuging for 5 minutes at 8,000 rpm in Sorvall centrifuge model RC5-C with GSA rotor, and collecting the precipitate in each washed. Subsequently, the walls obtained were collected by kitasate filtration, frozen at -80 ° C and lyophilized for 12 hours in a Virtis Centry TM lyophilizer, stored at room temperature until use. The degree of purification was determined by observing the absence of cytoplasmic and plasma membrane material under an optical microscope.
- Example 1.4 2 ml aliquots of the culture supernatant maintained 48 hours in the presence of cell walls were subjected to an adsorption-digestion process with purified cell walls of C. acutatum or Botrytis cinerea, as described in Example 1.3. In the fraction adsorbed to the cell walls of C. acutatum or B. cinérea a single band of activity was detected, while the other isoenzymes remained only in the non-adsorbed fraction.
- the purification of enzymes with proteolytic activity obtained by the protocol . described in Example 1 was made from the supernatant of a culture of T. harzianum CECT 2413 maintained for 48 hours in MM medium with walls Acutatum cell phones as a carbon source. To do this, 2 ml of the dialyzed and concentrated supernatant 75 times were subjected to chromato-focus to separate proteins based on their isoelectric point. The elution profiles obtained show 2 peaks of proteolytic activity on azocasein, one eluted at basic pH, coinciding with the majority protein peak, and another at acidic pH.
- the fractions were mixed, concentrated in Centricon-10 (Amicon) and subjected to gel filtration chromatography. The fractions that presented the highest proteolytic activity, were collected and concentrated again in Centricon-10. The subsequent analysis by SDS-PAGE and casein-SDS-PAGE ' allowed to verify the homogeneity of the preparation obtained, in which a single band of protein and proteolytic activity was observed respectively.
- the purified enzyme with proteolytic activity and acidic acid has been called Pral and has been used for its characterization.
- the sequencing of the amino-terminal end and internal peptides of Pral was performed by the Eurosequence bv sequencing service (Groningen, The Netherlands). For each of the sequences, 1 nmol of purified protein was split and subsequently trimmed from the gel after SDS-PAGE and Coomasie blue staining. The internal peptides were obtained by enzymatic digestion of the protein with trypsin, and subsequent extraction and purification by RP-HPLC. The sequencing process was carried out following the Edman degradation method in a model 494 Applied Biosistems automatic sequencer connected in phase with an RP-HPLC apparatus for the identification of the released PTH-amino acids.
- Table 1 shows the sequences obtained from the amino-terminal peptide and an internal Pral peptide. Both showed similarity with amino acid sequences of proteases such as trypsins (or trypsin-type) mostly, kalikrein, or plasminogen activator. All these enzymes are part of the SI family of serine peptidases whose representative enzyme is chymotrypsin and which is made up of enzymes with endopeptidase activity.
- proteases such as trypsins (or trypsin-type) mostly, kalikrein, or plasminogen activator. All these enzymes are part of the SI family of serine peptidases whose representative enzyme is chymotrypsin and which is made up of enzymes with endopeptidase activity.
- Table 1 Peptide sequences ⁇ two
- the amino-terminal peptide sequences and the Pral internal peptides are collected within the SEC. ID. N °: 1 containing the complete putative amino acid sequence of Pral.
- the proteolytic activity of the enzyme can be assayed using azocasein as a substrate.
- the reaction mixture consists of 250 ⁇ l of 100 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 5.5 containing the enzyme sample, 125 ⁇ l of 0.1% Brij 35 and 125 ⁇ l of azocasein (Sigma). The reaction mixture is incubated at
- Phe-pNA N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA
- the enzyme solution 75 ng was prepared in 90 ⁇ l of 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer and pre-incubated for 5 minutes at 30 ° C.
- the reactions were started by adding 10 ⁇ l of preheated 10 mM substrate solution (prepared from 100 mM solutions in DMSO stored at -20 ° C). After 20 minutes of incubation the reactions were stopped by adding 50 ⁇ l of 2% acetic acid (v / v).
- the lytic activity of Pral on the Arg-pNA peptide confirmed its endopeptidase identity, and also showed the preference of this protease for an apolar residue (Arg) in the P lf position characteristic of trypsin-like enzymes.
- the specific activity of Pral on this substrate was 94,800 U / mg under optimal conditions of activity (30 ° C and pH 7.5). Values of K ⁇ , K cat , and K ⁇ K m of 0.22 mM, 39.64 s "1 and 180.18 mM " 1 s "1 were calculated respectively.
- the substrate was prepared in 0.99 ml of 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.5 and pre-incubated at 30 ° C. Then the reaction began by adding 10 ⁇ l of the Pral purified protease (2.5 ppm) preheated at the same temperature. The activity was monitored for 10 minutes on a Shimadzu UV-160A spectrophotometer at 405 nm thermostat at 30 ° C. One unit of activity represented the release of 1 nmol p-NA per minute under the test conditions.
- enzyme solutions without substrate and substrate without enzyme were prepared. The standard line was constructed with solutions of p-NA (Sigma) at known concentrations (0-200 ⁇ M), prepared as indicated above. The kinetic parameters were calculated by representations of double reciprocals or Lineweaver-Burk (1 / V vs 1 / S).
- the enzymatic test was carried out in a temperature range between 30 ° C and 85 ° C.
- the effect of temperature on the stability of Pral was determined by preincubating the enzyme solution in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.5 for 20 minutes at different temperatures (30-85 ° C).
- the substrate used in these tests was the synthetic peptide N-acetyl-Ile-Glu-Ala-Arg-pNA, specific for trypsins.
- the assay was carried out in the following buffer systems: 100 mM sodium acetate (pH 3-5.5), 100 mM sodium phosphate (pH 6-7), and Tris / 100 mM HCl (pH 7.5-9).
- PH effect on the stability of Pral it was determined by pre-incubating the enzymatic solution (750 ng) for 24 hours at 4 ° C in 10 ⁇ l of the previous buffers. Subsequently, 10 ⁇ l aliquots were taken to perform the test under standard conditions.
- the results obtained show that the optimum pH of Pral activity is between 7.0 and 8.0.
- the activity decreased rapidly when the assay was performed in buffers with pH greater than 8.5 or less than 6.5.
- the activity decreased as the preincubation pH increased, with a 40% reduction at pH 7. No proteolytic activity was detected after preincubation at pH 9.
- EXAMPLE 4 Cloning of a cDNA sequence encoding Pral Cloning of the gene encoding Pral protease from T. harzianum was performed from a cDNA library representative of the population of mRNA molecules that are transcribed into T. harzianum CERT 2413 when grown under conditions of simulated mycoparasitism (for 9 hours in the presence of fungal cell walls as the sole source of carbon).
- RNA extraction was performed from 50 mg of Trichoderma mycelium sprayed in mortar in the presence of liquid nitrogen.
- the mycelium was transferred to 10 ml tubes to which 4 ml of "yellow RNA" lysis solution [20 ml of solution D (4M guanidinium isothiocyanate, 25 mM sodium citrate pH 7.0, sarcosyl 0,] was added. 5% (w / v), autoclave and add 2-mercaptoethanol at a final concentration of 0.7% (v / v)], 2 ml of 2M sodium acetate and 20 ml of acid phenol]. The samples were homogenized by vortexing and mixing with micropipette.
- RNA precipitation were subsequently incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes and transferred to Eppendorf tubes in 1 ml aliquots. 0.2 ml of chloroform was added to each tube, stirring in vortex for 15 seconds, and incubating at room temperature for 2-3 minutes. They were then centrifuged at 12,000 g at 4 ° C for 15 minutes. To the collected supernatant was added 1 volume of isopropyl alcohol, incubating at room temperature for 15 minutes to allow RNA precipitation.
- RNA was collected by centrifugation at 12,000 g at 4 ° C for 10 minutes, washed with 1 ml of 70% ethanol while stirring in vortex until the precipitate was separated from the tube, and centrifuged at 4,000 g at fC for 5 minutes. The ethanol was then removed by inversion, and the precipitate was allowed to air dry and resuspended in 40 ⁇ l of water.
- the RNA obtained was quantified by spectrophotometry, and its integrity was checked by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. It was stored at -80 ° C. From 1 mg of total RNA extracted from mycelium grown under the aforementioned conditions, 7.8 ⁇ g of mRNA affinity chromatography was purified and used to construct the library in the Uni-ZAP ® XR vector (Stratagene).
- the ZAP-cDNA ® Gigapack ® III Gold Cloning Kit cloning system designed by Stratagene (Ref. 200450) was used. The experimental procedure was carried out, for the most part, following the indications of the protocol provided by the commercial firm both for the construction and for the manipulation of the library.
- cDNA was bound to 1 ⁇ g of vector DNA (predigested with EcóKllXhol restriction enzymes) in a recommended reaction volume of 5 ⁇ l, of which 2 ⁇ l was used for the final DNA encapsidation process inside the phage particles following the indications of the commercial firm.
- the encapsidation efficiency was 4.9.10 6 recombinant phages / ⁇ g of vector, and the primary library title of 4.10 6 plaque forming units (pfu) / ml (2.10 6 in total), with only 0.3 % of non-recombinant phages.
- the primary library, resulting from the described process, was kept at 4 ° C for less than 1 month before amplification.
- the process was carried out by infecting 600 ⁇ l of E. coli XLl-Blue cells with volumes corresponding to 50,000 pfu (plaque forming units) of the primary library.
- the infection mixture was incubated at 37 ° C for 15 minutes to allow phage attack and subsequently added to tubes with 7 ml NZY (bacterial culture medium suitable for phage growth) of preheated covert at 48 ° C .
- the tubes were vortexed and the contents were immediately extended in 15 c Petri dishes with solid NZY medium.
- the plates were incubated at 37 ° C until that confluent lysis halos were observed.
- SM buffer [100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgS0 4 , 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 0.01% (w / v) gelatin] were added and incubated again at 4 ° C in gentle rocking to allow diffusion of bacteriophages to the buffer.
- the buffer of the different plates was collected and mixed, washing each of them with an additional 2 ml of buffer.
- the collected mixture was vigorously stirred in the presence of 5% chloroform (v / v), and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature. After centrifuging at 500 g for 10 minutes, the supernatant with bacteriophages free of cell debris was transferred to a glass vessel.
- the cDNA library was ready to be used. It was titrated, and stored at 4 ° C in the presence of 0.3% (v / v) chloroform, as well as at -80 ° C in the presence of 7% DMSO.
- the 1 million pfu amplification provided a 2.5.10 amplified library 6 times, with a titer of 1.6.10 10 pfu / mi.
- the search for the cDNA clone corresponding to the Pral protease in the amplified library was performed by hybridization using a DNA probe previously obtained by PCR from the pBluescript SK (-) phagemid library derived from the mass cleavage of 20.10 6 pfu Said library in pGluescript phagemid SK (-) presented a title of 3.3.10 6 phagemids / ml (66.10 6 in total).
- reaction mixture was prepared in a final volume of 25 ⁇ l containing PCR buffer IX, prepared from 10X buffer, provided with the enzyme, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 200 ⁇ M dNTPs, 1.25 units of Taq polymerase ( Ecotag), 4 ⁇ M of each oligonucleotide initiator, and approximately 10 ng of phagemid DNA.
- the amplification conditions consisted of an initial cycle of denaturation at 95 ° C for 3 minutes, followed by 35 cycles at 95 ° C (denaturation) for 1 minute, 55 ° C (initiator hybridization) for 1 minute and 72 ° C (extension) for 1 minute, ending with a final extension cycle at 72 ° C for 5 minutes.
- the amplified products were analyzed by 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis and the fragments of interest were extracted from the gel and subcloned into E. coli using plasmid pGEM ® -T as a vector, for subsequent sequencing.
- the membranes were carefully removed from the plates (which were stored at 4 ° C) and treated with Southern I Denaturation Solution for 2 minutes, then with Southern II Neutralization Solution for 5 minutes, and finally with 2X SSC buffer, prepared at Starting from SSC 20X, for 5 minutes. These treatments were performed by depositing the membranes, with the face that was in contact with the phages upwards, on 3MM hatman paper soaked with the corresponding solution. Subsequently, the membranes were allowed to air dry and the transferred DNA was covalently fixed to the membrane.
- the membranes were incubated at 65 ° C, with constant agitation, in hybridization solution [SSPE 5X (SSPE 20X: NaCl 3.6 M, NaH 2 P0 4 0.2 M, EDTA 20 mM pH 7.7), Denhardt 5X Solution (Denhardt 100X Solution: BSA 2% (p / v), Ficoll TM 2% (p / v), PVP 2% (p / v)), SDS 0.5% (p / v)] for 2 hours.
- hybridization solution SSPE 5X (SSPE 20X: NaCl 3.6 M, NaH 2 P0 4 0.2 M, EDTA 20 mM pH 7.7), Denhardt 5X Solution (Denhardt 100X Solution: BSA 2% (p / v), Ficoll TM 2% (p / v), PVP 2% (p / v)), SDS 0.5% (p / v)] for 2 hours.
- the radioactively labeled DNA probe was
- the probe was removed, and the membrane was washed with wash solution [SSPE 2X, 1% SDS (w / v)] at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then twice more at 65 ° C. Finally, the membranes were wrapped with a transparent plastic film to prevent them from drying out, and were exposed with amplifying screens for the detection of positive clones.
- the cloned cDNA had a size of 954 bp, including the 3 'end polyA tail, with a 777 bp open reading pattern encoding a protein of 258 amino acids and theoretical molecular weight of 25,784 Da.
- This deduced amino acid sequence contains the peptides (amino-terminal and internal) sequenced from the purified Pral protease, confirming that the cloned cDNA is the one that encodes this protein.
- the known sequence of the Pral amino-terminal peptide indicates that the mature protein begins at residue I 1 , from which it follows that Pral is synthesized as a precursor with an amino-terminal extension of 29 amino acids.
- the molecular weight calculated from the mature protein sequence (I ⁇ -G 228 ) is 25,023 Da, slightly lower than that determined by SDS-PAGE from the purified Pral protein (this divergence between the theoretical weight and the weight determined seems to be due to possible post-translational modifications, such as glycosidations).
- the isoelectric point estimated from the mature protein sequence is 4.91, coinciding with that observed by preparative isoelectric focusing (4.7-4.9).
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Abstract
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US10/432,533 US20040115188A1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2001-11-30 | Enzyme with proteolytic activity |
AU2002221966A AU2002221966A1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2001-11-30 | Enzyme with proteolytic activity |
EP01998628A EP1347045A1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2001-11-30 | Enzyme with proteolytic activity |
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ES200002897A ES2171136B1 (es) | 2000-12-01 | 2000-12-01 | Enzima con actividad proteolitica construccion de adn que comprende una secuencia de adn que codifica dicha enzima y sus aplicaciones. |
ESP200002897 | 2000-12-01 |
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EP (1) | EP1347045A1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2002221966A1 (es) |
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FI121711B (fi) | 2009-04-30 | 2011-03-15 | Ab Enzymes Oy | Sieniperäinen seriiniproteaasi ja sen käyttö |
FI121712B (fi) | 2009-04-30 | 2011-03-15 | Ab Enzymes Oy | Uusi sieniperäinen proteaasi ja sen käyttö |
FI121851B (fi) | 2009-07-08 | 2011-05-13 | Ab Enzymes Oy | Sieniperäinen proteaasi ja sen käyttö |
FI123942B (fi) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-12-31 | Ab Enzymes Oy | Sieniperäisen seriiniproteaasin variantteja |
WO2011026154A2 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-03-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning and/or treatment compositions |
WO2012057781A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning and/or treatment compositions comprising a fungal serine protease |
FI123425B (fi) | 2011-03-31 | 2013-04-30 | Ab Enzymes Oy | Proteaasientsyymi ja sen käytöt |
AU2014289183A1 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2016-01-21 | Glykos Finland Oy | Multiple proteases deficient filamentous fungal cells and methods of use thereof |
AU2015293949B2 (en) | 2014-07-21 | 2019-07-25 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Production of glycoproteins with mammalian-like N-glycans in filamentous fungi |
EP3636735B1 (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2024-03-27 | AB Enzymes Oy | Protease enzyme variants and uses thereof |
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WO1996018722A2 (es) * | 1994-12-08 | 1996-06-20 | Centro De Investigacion Y De Estudios Avanzados Del I.P.N. | Metodo para la obtencion de cepas mejoradas de trichoderma spp. |
-
2000
- 2000-12-01 ES ES200002897A patent/ES2171136B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2001
- 2001-11-30 WO PCT/ES2001/000471 patent/WO2002044359A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-11-30 US US10/432,533 patent/US20040115188A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-30 EP EP01998628A patent/EP1347045A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO1996018722A2 (es) * | 1994-12-08 | 1996-06-20 | Centro De Investigacion Y De Estudios Avanzados Del I.P.N. | Metodo para la obtencion de cepas mejoradas de trichoderma spp. |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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DUNAEVSKY Y.E. ET AL.: "Enzymes secreted by filamentous fungi: regulation of secretion and purification of an extracellular protease of trichoderma harzianum", BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 65, no. 6, June 2000 (2000-06-01), MOSCOW, pages 723 - 727, XP002954077 * |
GEREMIA R.A. ET AL.: "Molecular characterization of the proteinase-encoding gene, prb1, related to mycoparasitism by trichoderma harzianum", MOL. MICROBIOL., vol. 8, no. 3, 1993, pages 603 - 613, XP001096328 * |
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AU2002221966A1 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
ES2171136B1 (es) | 2003-10-16 |
US20040115188A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
ES2171136A1 (es) | 2002-08-16 |
EP1347045A1 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
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