WO2002042426A2 - Systeme de transporteur pour apport specifique de genes au niveau de la paroi arterielle - Google Patents

Systeme de transporteur pour apport specifique de genes au niveau de la paroi arterielle Download PDF

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WO2002042426A2
WO2002042426A2 PCT/US2001/047072 US0147072W WO0242426A2 WO 2002042426 A2 WO2002042426 A2 WO 2002042426A2 US 0147072 W US0147072 W US 0147072W WO 0242426 A2 WO0242426 A2 WO 0242426A2
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poly
artery wall
binding peptide
composition
wall binding
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PCT/US2001/047072
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WO2002042426A3 (fr
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Lei Yu
Sung Wan Kim
Jae-Woon Nah
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University Of Utah Research Foundation
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Priority to AU2002241603A priority Critical patent/AU2002241603A1/en
Priority to US10/416,381 priority patent/US7264969B1/en
Publication of WO2002042426A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002042426A2/fr
Publication of WO2002042426A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002042426A3/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • A61K48/0008—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition
    • A61K48/0025—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid
    • A61K48/0033—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid the non-active part being non-polymeric
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
    • A61K48/0008—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition
    • A61K48/0025—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid
    • A61K48/0041—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'non-active' part of the composition delivered, e.g. wherein such 'non-active' part is not delivered simultaneously with the 'active' part of the composition wherein the non-active part clearly interacts with the delivered nucleic acid the non-active part being polymeric

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gene delivery. More particularly, this invention relates to compositions of matter, methods of use thereof, and methods of making thereof for delivering genes.
  • Gene therapy provides significantly important opportunities for treating various kinds of life-threatening and gene-related disease by producing biologically active agents or stopping abnormal functions of the cells, such as genetic failure or uncontrollable proliferation of cells.
  • Actual application of genes to human therapy is limited by several problems, including their instability in body fluids, non-specificity to the desired cells, degradation by nucleases, and low transfection efficiency.
  • Gene delivery systems have been investigated in attempts to enhance gene expression and reduce cytotoxicity. S.-O. Han et al., Development of Biomaterials for Gene Therapy, 2 Mol. Ther. 302-317 (2000).
  • liposomes and cationic polymers have been extensively investigated for a decade due to the advantages of safety and relatively low cost. Although higher transfection efficiency has been reported by liposomal gene carriers in vitro, A.R. Thierry et al., supra, some liposomal gene carriers are unstable in aqueous solution and aggregate in blood. J.H. Senior et al., supra. Cationic polymers including poly(L-lysine) (“PLL”) and polyethyleneimine (“PEI”) were able to condense plasmid DNA and protect it from enzymatic degradation, which resulted in enhancement of transfection efficiency. However, drawback, such as biocompatibility in the body, still remain before such polymers can be used for gene delivery.
  • PLL poly(L-lysine)
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • polymeric gene carriers have been developed as promising gene delivery materials. Y.-B. Lim et al., supra. However, the biodistribution of the polymer/pDNA complexes following the injection of complexes into the body is still unknown.
  • polymeric gene carriers have been modified with specific cell targeting moieties such as galactose, M. Nishikawa et al., Hepatocyte-targeted In Vivo Gene Expression by Intravenous Injection of Plasmid DNA Complexed with Synthetic Multi-functional Gene Delivery System, 7 Gene Ther. 548-555 (2000), transferrin, E.
  • PEG-g- PLL methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-poly(L-lysine
  • PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes was much lower than in the Hep G2 cells.
  • LDL low-density lipoprotein
  • a terplex-DNA gene delivery system comprising plasmid DNA, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and hydrophobized poly(L-lysine) (H-PLL) enhanced gene transfer via the LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway.
  • LDL low density lipoprotein
  • H-PLL hydrophobized poly(L-lysine)
  • LipofectinTM reagent is a 1 : 1 (w/w) liposome formulation of the cationic lipid N-[l-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA), and dioleoyl phosphotidylethanolamine (DOPE) in membrane filtered water.
  • DOTMA cationic lipid N-[l-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride
  • DOPE dioleoyl phosphotidylethanolamine
  • PLL/pDNA complexes displayed some limitations such as the precipitation of PLL/pDNA complexes in high concentration and low biocompatibility in the human body.
  • PEGylated-PLL was shown to be a biocompatible material in tissues, efficient transfection to specific cells still remained a problem to overcome.
  • An illustrative composition of matter according to the present invention comprises an artery wall binding peptide covalently coupled to a pharmaceutically acceptable cationic backbone, wherein the cationic backbone is configured for complexing with a nucleic acid.
  • the artery wall binding peptide is SEQ ID NO:2 or a biologically functional equivalent thereof.
  • the artery wall binding peptide is present in a molar ratio to the cationic backbone of greater than 1:1.
  • the artery wall binding peptide is present in a molar ratio to the cationic backbone of at least 2:1.
  • the cationic backbone can comprise, for example, a cationic polymer, a cationic lipid, or a mixture thereof.
  • Illustrative cationic polymers according the invention include poly(L- lysine), poly(ethyleneimine), polyamidoamine dendrimer, poly[ ⁇ -(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid], chitosan, poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted- poly(L-lysine), and the like.
  • Another illustrative composition of matter according to the present invention has the formula:
  • AWBP artery wall binding peptide
  • n is an integer of at least 1
  • PEG-g-PLL is poly(ethylene glycol-grafted-poly(L-lysine).
  • n is about 4 and/or AWBP is SEQ ID NO:2.
  • composition of matter according to the present invention comprises an artery wall binding peptide (SEQ ID NO:2) covalently coupled to poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-poly(L-lysine).
  • the artery wall binding peptide (SEQ ID NO:2) is covalently coupled to poly(ethylene glycol)- grafted-poly(L-lysine) in a molar ratio of about 4:1.
  • composition of matter according to the present invention comprises an artery wall binding peptide covalently coupled to poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted- poly(L-lysine).
  • the artery wall binding peptide is covalently coupled to poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-poly(L-lysine) in a molar ratio of about 4: 1 and/or the artery wall binding peptide is SEQ ID NO:2.
  • An illustrative pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprises a mixture of:
  • composition comprising an artery wall binding peptide covalently coupled to a pharmaceutically acceptable cationic backbone, wherein the cationic backbone is configured for complexing with a nucleic acid;
  • Another illustrative pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprises a mixture of:
  • Still another illustrative pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprises a mixture of:
  • composition comprising artery wall binding peptide covalently coupled to poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-poly(L-lysine); and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • AWBP artery wall binding peptide
  • n an integer of at least 1
  • PEG-g-PLL is poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-poly(L-lysine)
  • An illustrative method for delivering a nucleic acid to a cell bearing a receptor that binds an artery wall binding peptide comprises:
  • Another illustrative embodiment of a method for delivering a nucleic acid to a cell bearing a receptor that binds an artery wall binding peptide comprises: (a) mixing the nucleic acid with a composition of matter comprising an artery wall binding peptide covalently coupled to poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-poly(L-lysine) to result in a complex comprising a nucleic acid portion, a poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-poly(L-lysine) portion, and an artery wall binding peptide portion; and
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustrative scheme for synthesis of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL comprising artery wall binding peptide (AWBP, SEQ ID NO:2 shown in single-letter code) conjugated to PEG-g-PLL.
  • FIG. 2 A shows the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight (MALDI- TOF) mass spectrometry of AWBP.
  • MALDI- TOF matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight
  • FIG. 2B shows a ] H-NMR spectrum of AWBP.
  • FIG. 2C shows a ⁇ -NMR spectrum of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL.
  • FIG. 3B shows a DNase protection assay of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes: lane 1, 100 bp DNA step ladder; lane 2, plasmid DNA; lanes 3-9, incubation times of 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes, respectively.
  • FIG. 4 shows particle size distributions of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes measured by zeta potentiometer.
  • FIG. 5 shows surface morphology of an AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complex (2/1, +/-) measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show AWBP-PEG-g-PLL mediated gene transfer (open bars) to bovine aorta endothelial cells (A) and smooth muscle cells (B); PLL (shaded bars) and PEG- g-PLL (dark bars) were used as negative control gene carriers.
  • FIGS. 7 A and 7B show inhibition of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL mediated gene transfer (open bars) to bovine aorta endothelial cells (A) and smooth muscle cells (B) with free AWBP; PLL (shaded bars) and PEG-g-PLL (dark bars) were used as negative control gene carriers.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising "a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes a mixture of two or more of such carriers
  • reference to “an artery wall binding protein” includes reference to one or more of such artery wall binding proteins
  • reference to “a plasmid” includes reference to a mixture of two or more of such plasmids.
  • single-letter code and similar terms refer to single-letter designations for the 20 amino acid residues found in peptides and proteins, as follows: A - alanine, C - cysteine, D - aspartic acid, E - glutamic acid, F - phenylalanine, G - glycine, H - histidine, I - isoleucine, K - lysine, L - leucine, M - methionine, N - asparagine, P - proline, Q - glutamine, R - arginine, S - serine, T - threonine, V - valine, W - tryptophan, and Y - tyrosine.
  • pDNA means plasmid DNA.
  • cationic backbone means a cationic molecule, complex, or conjugate, or the like, configured for forming a complex with a nucleic acid.
  • Illustrative cationic backbones include cationic polymers and cationic lipids.
  • Illustrative cationic polymers that can be used within the scope of the present invention include poly(L-lysine) (PLL), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), polyamidoamine dendrimer, poly[ ⁇ -(4-aminobutyl)-L- glycolic acid] (PAGA), chitosan, poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (pDMAEMA),
  • An illustrative cationic lipid is N-[l-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA).
  • DOTMA N-[l-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride
  • artery wall binding peptide or "AWBP” mean a peptide configured for binding to a receptor that binds the artery wall cell-binding domain of apo B-100.
  • a ligand comprising such an artery wall binding peptide is coupled to a cationic backbone, such as PEG-g-PLL, so that upon endocytosis of the AWBP ligand any nucleic acid complexed to the cationic backbone moiety is also internalized by the cells.
  • Illustrative artery wall binding peptides include the peptide having the amino acid sequence identified as SEQ ID ⁇ O:2 and biologically functional equivalents thereof. Such functional equivalents retain functionality in binding the receptor and eliciting receptor- mediated endocytosis although they may be truncations, deletion variants, or substitution variants of SEQ ID NO:2 or include additional amino acid residues attached thereto.
  • changes may be made in the structure of the artery wall binding peptide while maintaining the desirable receptor-binding characteristics.
  • certain amino acid residues may be substituted for other amino acid residues in a protein structure without appreciable loss of interactive binding capacity with structures such as, for example, antigen-binding regions of antibodies or binding sites of ligands such as an artery wall binding peptide. Since it is the interactive capacity and nature of a protein that defines that protein's biological functional activity, certain amino acid sequence substitutions can be made in a protein sequence and nevertheless obtain a protein with like properties. It is thus contemplated that various changes may be made in the sequence of an artery wall binding peptide without appreciable loss of its biological utility or activity.
  • hydropathic index of amino acids may be considered. Each amino acid has been assigned a hydropathic index on the basis of its hydrophobicity and charge characteristics, which are as follows: isoleucine (+4.5); valine (+4.2); leucine (+3.8); phenylalanine (+2.8); cysteine (+2.5); methionine (+1.9); alanine (+1.8); glycine (-0.4); threonine (-0.7); serine (-0.8); tryptophan (-0.9); tyrosine (-1.3); proline (-1-6); histidine (-3.2); glutamate (-3.5); glutamine (-3.5); aspartate (-3.5); asparagine (-3.5); lysine (-3.9); and arginine (-4.5).
  • hydropathic amino acid index in conferring interactive biological function on a protein is generally understood in the art. J. Kyte & R. Doolittle, A Simple Method for Displaying the Hydropathic Character of a Protein, 157 J. Mol. Biol. 105- 132 (1982). It is known that certain amino acids may be substituted for other amino acids having a similar hydropathic index or score and still retain a similar biological activity. In making changes based on the hydropathic index, the substitution of amino acids whose hydropathic indices are within ⁇ 2 is preferred, within ⁇ 1 is particularly preferred, and within ⁇ 0.5 is even more particularly preferred. It is also understood that an amino acid can be substituted for another having a similar hydrophilicity value and still obtain a biologically equivalent protein.
  • hydrophilicity values have been assigned to amino acid residues: arginine (+3.0); lysine (+3.0); aspartate (+3.0); glutamate (+3.0 ⁇ 1); serine (+0.3); asparagine (+0.2); glutamine (+0.2); glycine (0); threonine (-0.4); proline (-0.5 ⁇ 1); alanine (-0.5); histidine (-0.5); cysteine (-1.0); methionine (-1.3); valine (-1.5); leucine (-1.8); isoleucine (-1.8); tyrosine (-2.3); phenylalanine (-2.5); tryptophan (-3.4).
  • a "pharmaceutically acceptable” component is one that is suitable for use with humans and/or animals without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, and allergic response) commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • a "pharmaceutically acceptable” component includes one that is approved by a regulatory agency of the U.S. or other national government or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.
  • carrier refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient, or vehicle with which the composition is administered.
  • Such pharmaceutical carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water or aqueous saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions.
  • an effective amount means an amount of a composition or pharmacologically active agent that is nontoxic but sufficient to provide the desired local or systemic effect and performance at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio attending any medical treatment.
  • administering means delivering the composition to the individual being treated such that the composition is capable of being circulated systemically to the parts of the body where the AWBP portion of the composition can bind its receptor, e.g. artery walls.
  • the composition is preferably administered to the individual by systemic administration, typically by subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration, or intraperitoneal administration, frijectables for such use can be prepared in conventional forms, either as a liquid solution or suspension or in a solid form suitable for preparation as a solution or suspension in a liquid prior to injection, or as an emulsion.
  • Suitable excipients include, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, and the like; and if desired, minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, buffers, and the like can be added.
  • Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100), a major protein component of LDL, contains many receptor-binding domains, such as LDL receptor-binding domain, artery wall cell- binding domain, and heparin-binding domain. It has been demonstrated that a synthetic peptide containing amino acid residues 1000-1016 of apo B-100 (Arg- Ala-Leu- Val-Asp-Thr- Leu-Lys-Phe-Val-Thr-Gln-Ala-Glu-Gly-Ala-Lys; SEQ ID NO: 1) is the arterial binding domain of apo B-100. IX.
  • a synthetic peptide based on the arterial binding domain of apo B-100 was selected as a ligand for binding the compositions of the present invention to artery wall cells.
  • a cysteine residue was added to the amino-terminus of the peptide to facilitate conjugation of the peptide to a cationic backbone.
  • SEQ ID NO:2 shows the amino acid sequence of such a peptide.
  • a conjugate comprising AWBP covalently coupled to a cationic backbone was designed as a specific cell-targeting gene delivery system to artery wall cells.
  • the artery wall is an attractive targeting tissue for gene therapy because it is distributed through all organs of the body.
  • vascular gene transfer has been demonstrated with various techniques, a gene delivery system for arterial wall targeting has not previously been developed for the efficient treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis.
  • the gene delivery compositions of the present invention are made by covalently binding the artery wall binding peptide to the cationic backbone according to methods well known in the art.
  • amino groups on the peptide can react with acid chlorides of carboxylic acids to yield amide linkages or acid chlorides of sulfonic acids to yield sulfonamide linkages.
  • amino groups can react with alkyl halides to yield alkylated amine linkages.
  • carboxylic acid groups on peptides can react with OH groups on a cationic backbone to form ester linkages, with amino groups to form amide linkages, and with SH groups to form thioester linkages.
  • crosslinking compounds are known in the art and are commercially available for crosslinking a peptide to, for example, a polymer or a lipid.
  • Example 1 illustrates a vinylsulfone crosslinker for conjugating the SH group of cysteine to poly(ethylene glycol).
  • compositions of the present invention are used by first mixing with a nucleic acid to be delivered to result in a complex.
  • the positive charges on the composition interact with the negative charges on the nucleic acid to form the complex.
  • the complex is then administered to the individual to be treated by gene therapy.
  • the complex is prepared in a conventional form by mixture with a carrier, as described above.
  • the mixture is then is administered to the individual by systemic administration, typically by subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration, or intraperitoneal administration.
  • the size of the gene carrier and carrier/pDNA complex has been considered an important factor for enhancing the transfection efficiency since the particle size of the polymer/pDNA complex was reported to affect the transfection efficiency.
  • J.Y. Cherng et al. Effect of Size and Serum Proteins on Transfection Efficiency of Poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-plasmid Nanoparticles, 13 Pharm. Res. 1038-1042 (1996).
  • C.X. Song et al. Arterial Uptake of Biodegradable Nanoparticles for Intravascular Local Drug Delivery: Results with an Acute Dog Model, 54 J. Control. Release 201-211 (1998), reported a potentially useful particle size of about 70-160 nm for local intraluminal therapy of restenosis.
  • the size of the complexes was expected to be a dominating factor in the arterial wall lesions of the rapid blood flow which could wash out most of the drugs or therapeutic chemical agents from the arterial wall lesions within 20-30 minutes.
  • the AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complex according to the present invention has a size of about 100 nm (see Example 3), which is estimated as being an acceptable size for particles targeted for arterial wall lesions.
  • transfection efficiencies of AWBP-PEG- g-PLL/pDNA complexes to bovine aorta endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were 150- 180 times higher than those of control carriers, PLL and PEG-g-PLL.
  • luciferase activities of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes in both cells were significantly decreased with increase of free AWBP concentrations.
  • AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes Progression of atherosclerotic lesions is marked by accumulation of altering layers of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Therefore, the higher transfection efficiency of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes in these cells might be useful to evaluate the potential ability of to deliver a gene to the artery wall cells.
  • the selective interactions between vascular endothelial cells and circulated complexes could be applied for a potential therapeutic approach.
  • the rational design of the chemical structure of polymeric gene carriers such as AWBP-PEG-g-PLL with higher gene transfection efficiency and tissue specific gene delivery in vitro may become a very promising non- viral gene delivery system for cardiovascular gene therapy. Also, it is expected that the development of AWBP-PEG-g- PLL will be a turning point in the clinical therapy of artery related diseases such as athersclerosis and restenosis.
  • Example 1 Synthesis of AWBP-PEG-e-PLL.
  • PLL hydrobromide 120 repeating units, r 25,000, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri
  • PBS 0.01 M 0.15 M NaCl, pH 6.5
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • AWBP artery wall binding peptide
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the synthesis of a conjugate of artery wall binding peptide (AWBP; SEQ ID NO:2) to PEG-g-PLL, which conjugate is termed AWBP-PEG-g-PLL.
  • the synthetic scheme comprises two reactions, first the synthesis of an activated PEG-g-PLL having a vinylsulfone group attached to the PEG portion of PEG-g-PLL, and then conjugation of AWBP to the vinylsulfone group to result in AWBP-PEG-g-PLL. Briefly, in the first step the
  • N-hydroxysuccinimide ( ⁇ HS) group of ⁇ HS-PEG-NS was conjugated to the amino group of PLL.
  • the structure of the product and the conjugation reaction were analyzed by 'H- ⁇ MR as shown in FIGS. 2A-C.
  • the content of PEG was estimated from the ⁇ - ⁇ MR analysis by the relative areas of alkyl groups in ⁇ HS-PEG-NS (-CH 2 CH 2 -, s, 3.21-3.77 ppm) and those of the side chains of PLL (-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, m, 1.05-1.90 ppm).
  • AWBP was conjugated to the end of the vinylsulfone group of NS-PEG-g-PLL.
  • ⁇ - ⁇ MR analysis determined that 4 mol of AWBP were reacted with one mole of NS-PEG-g-PLL by the comparison of peaks at 7.3 ppm (aromatic group from phenylalanine) and 0.5-1.5 ppm (lysine peak from PLL).
  • the specific proton peak (11.85-12.61 ppm) (FIG. 2B) of the thiol group on AWBP totally disappeared in the spectra obtained of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL
  • Example 2 Gel band shift and D ⁇ ase protection assay.
  • a plasmid encoding firefly luciferase driven by the cytomegalo virus (CMN) promoter was constructed by inserting the luciferase gene into the mammalian gene expression plasmid pMNK at the Mlul and Kpnl restriction sites (Promega, Madison, Wisconsin).
  • the plasmid DNA was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ and amplified in terrific broth at 37°C overnight with vigorous shaking at 225 rpm.
  • the amplified plasmid DNA was purified using a Qiagen Maxi plasmid purification kit.
  • the purity and concentration of the obtained plasmid DNA in Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer were determined by ultraviolet (UN) absorbance at 260 nm.
  • the optical density ratios at 260 to 280 nm of the plasmid D ⁇ A were in the range of 1.7-1.8.
  • the absence of gene rearrangement during cloning and propagation of the plasmid D ⁇ A was confirmed by restriction digest using Sail and EcoRI (Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Germany) and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis.
  • AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pD ⁇ A complexes were prepared at various charge ratios ranging from 0.1/1 to 20/1 (+/-) in HEPES-buffered saline (15 mM HEPES, 150 mM ⁇ aCl, pH 7.3) (HBS) and incubated for 20 minutes at room temperature. Afterwards, the samples were fractionated by electrophoresis through a 0.8% agarose gel at 100 N for 40 minutes and stained with ethidium bromide (0.5 ⁇ g/ml) for 45 minutes. D ⁇ A was then visualized with a
  • AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pD ⁇ A complexes were prepared at the charge ratios of 2/1 (+/-) and incubated in the presence of 10 times excess of D ⁇ ase I.
  • 50 ⁇ l of the sample was transferred into another tube and mixed with 100 ⁇ l of stop solution (400 mM ⁇ aCl and 100 mM EDT A) using mild agitation with a vortexer.
  • the sample was then mixed with 12 ⁇ l of 10% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and incubated at 65°C overnight.
  • SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
  • D ⁇ A was extracted with the mixture of Tris-EDTA saturated phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1, v/v).
  • the extracted D ⁇ A was precipitated with 700 ⁇ l of absolute ethanol at 12,000 rpm for 30 minutes and washed with 70% ethanol.
  • the D ⁇ A precipitate was air-dried and then dissolved in 10 ⁇ l TE buffer.
  • the plasmid integrity was assessed by electrophoresis in a 1% agarose gel.
  • AWBP-PEG-g-PLL could protect pDNA from digestion with DNase for at least 2 hours at 37°C (FIG. 3B), whereas naked DNA was completely digested by DNASE within 5 to 10 minutes of incubation at 37°C (data not shown).
  • Example 3 Particle size and morphology.
  • the particle size of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes was measured by zeta potentiometer.
  • AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes were prepared as described above and diluted 4 times in the cuvette. The sample was subjected to mean particle size measurement by Malvern Zeta-Sizer 3000 (Malvern Instruments, U.K.) at
  • AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes The morphology of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Twenty microliters of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes (0.1 mg/ml) in PBS was placed on a MgAc 2 treated mica, A. Maheshwari et al., Soluble
  • AFM images were obtained by Nanoscope II SFM (Digital Instruments,
  • the particle size of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA was estimated as 85.9 ⁇ 5.3 nm with relatively narrow and unimodal size distributions ranging from 70.8 to 112.2 nm (FIG. 4) by zeta potentiometer.
  • the morphology of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complex was determined to be spherical shapes with a diameter around 100 nm by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (FIG> 5), these data were in agreement with the results from the zeta potentiometer. This suggests that AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes possess an acceptable size to enter the endosome of cells.
  • Example 4 Gene expression. (Transfection assay) Primary bovine aorta endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were prepared, cultured, characterized, and identified as described in L. Yu et al., supra. Bovine aorta endothelial cells (5 x 10 5 /well) and smooth muscle cells (2 x 10 5 /well) were seeded in 24- well plates with 1 ml Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, Utah) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone Laboratories) and incubated for 24 hours to 70-80% confluency.
  • DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
  • FBS Hyclone Laboratories
  • the AWBP-PEG- g-PLL/pCMV-Luc complexes were freshly prepared in PBS for the transfection with fixed amount of plasmid DNA (2 ⁇ g/well) and various amounts of AWBP-PEG-g-PLL. After incubation of complexes for 30 minutes at room temperature, 100 ⁇ l of complex solution was added to the cells and then incubated for 3 hours at 37°C in 5% CO 2 atmosphere. After replacement of media, the cells were incubated for 40 hours under the same conditions. The cells were washed three times with PBS buffer and made ready for the reporter gene expression assay.
  • Bovine aorta endothelial cells (5 x 10 5 /well) and smooth muscle cells (2 x 10 5 /well) were seeded in 24- well plates 1 day prior to transfection with 70 to 80% confluence.
  • the AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pCMV-Luc complexes were freshly prepared in PBS buffer for the transfection with a fixed amount of plasmid DNA (2 ⁇ g/well) and AWBP-PEG-g-PLL (4 ⁇ g/well).
  • Transgene expression was evaluated by luciferase activity of cell lysates from transfected bovine aorta endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Measurement of luciferase activity was performed according to the manufacturer's instruction (Luciferase Assay System, Promega, Madison, Wisconsin). Briefly, the transfected cells were lysed with 1 x lysis buffer (1% Triton X-100), 100 mM KPO 4 , 2 mM dithiothreitol, 10% glycerol, and 2 mM EDTA, pH 7.8) for 15 minutes at room temperature.
  • 1 lysis buffer 1% Triton X-100
  • RLUs relative light units
  • AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes were taken up by the artery wall cells underwent a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway.
  • the transfection efficiencies of AWBP-PEG-g- PLL/pDNA complexes were 150-180 times higher than those of control systems such as PLL/pDNA and PEG-g-PLL/pDNA, regardless of employed charge ratios.
  • the luciferase activities of cell lysate from both bovine aorta endothelial cells (FIG. 7A) and smooth muscle cells (FIG. 7B) transfected with AWBP-PEG-g-PLL/pDNA complexes were significantly decreased with an increase of free AWBP concentrations from 31.25 ⁇ M to 500 ⁇ M.
  • AWBP could significantly inhibit gene transfer to artery cell walls by AWBP-PEG-g- PLL/pDNA complexes.
  • the luciferase activities were not further decreased with the increase of free AWBP concentration by 1000 mM in both cell types (FIGS. 7A & 7B).

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Abstract

Selon cette invention, un peptide de liaison de la paroi artérielle (AWBP) basé sur le domaine de liaison avec une cellule de la paroi artérielle d'une alipoprotéine B-100 a été conjugué avec un squelette cationique conçu de manière à former un complexe avec un acide nucléique, pour produire une composition qui améliore le transfert de gènes vers les cellules de paroi artérielle. Le squelette cationique peut être par exemple de la poly(L-lysine) comportant un greffage de poly(éthylène glycol) (PEG-g-PLL). L'invention concerne également des procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation de cette composition pour le transfert de gènes.
PCT/US2001/047072 2000-11-10 2001-11-09 Systeme de transporteur pour apport specifique de genes au niveau de la paroi arterielle WO2002042426A2 (fr)

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AU2002241603A AU2002241603A1 (en) 2000-11-10 2001-11-09 Carrier system for specific artery wall gene delivery
US10/416,381 US7264969B1 (en) 2000-11-10 2001-11-09 Carrier system for specific artery wall gene delivery

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FR2835829A1 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-15 Centre Nat Rech Scient Nouveau procede de preparation de biopuces a adn ou a proteines et leurs applications
EP1918300A2 (fr) * 2001-04-05 2008-05-07 Forskarpatent I Syd Ab Thérapie d'immunisation à base de peptide pour le traitement d'athérosclérose
WO2008063157A2 (fr) * 2006-10-25 2008-05-29 The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Anticoagulant à base de nanoparticules
EP2070970A2 (fr) 2007-12-12 2009-06-17 Fermentas UAB Réactif de transfection
US8025876B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2011-09-27 Forskarpatent I Syd Antibodies against a peptide epitope of apolipoprotein B
US8119590B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2012-02-21 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Prevention and treatment of restenosis by local administration of drug
US8926958B2 (en) 2004-04-06 2015-01-06 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Prevention and treatment of vascular disease with recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors encoding apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I milano
US9205139B2 (en) 2010-11-12 2015-12-08 Cardiovax, Llc Immunomodulatory methods and systems for treatment and/or prevention of aneurysms
US9205141B2 (en) 2010-11-12 2015-12-08 Cardio Vax, Llc Immunomodulatory methods and systems for treatment and/or prevention of hypertension
US9856456B2 (en) 2009-10-12 2018-01-02 Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics Uab Delivery agent
CN111420068A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-07-17 浙江大学 聚乙二醇-树枝状聚赖氨酸/酸酐-顺铂复合物及其制备方法和应用
CN112226207A (zh) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-15 兰州大学 一种高稳定性固-固复合相变材料及其制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NAH ET AL.: 'Artery wall binding peptide-poly (ethylene glycol)-grafted-poly (L-Lysine)-based gene delivery to artery wall cells' JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE vol. 78, no. 1-3, January 2002, pages 273 - 284, XP002953705 *

Cited By (26)

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US8034336B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2011-10-11 Forskarpaten I SYD Antibodies against a peptide epitope of apoliprotein B
US8647628B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2014-02-11 Cardiovax, Llc Peptide epitopes of apolipoprotein B
US8642043B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2014-02-04 Cardiovax, Llc Peptide epitopes of apolipoprotein B
EP1918300A2 (fr) * 2001-04-05 2008-05-07 Forskarpatent I Syd Ab Thérapie d'immunisation à base de peptide pour le traitement d'athérosclérose
US8642726B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2014-02-04 Cardiovax, Llc Peptide epitopes of apolipoprotein B
US8470768B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2013-06-25 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Peptide epitopes of apolipoprotein B
EP1918300A3 (fr) * 2001-04-05 2009-06-17 Forskarpatent I Syd Ab Thérapie d'immunisation à base de peptide pour le traitement d'athérosclérose
USRE43581E1 (en) 2001-04-05 2012-08-14 Forskarpatent I Syd Ab Peptide epitopes of apolipoprotein B
EP2289913A1 (fr) * 2001-04-05 2011-03-02 Forskarpatent I Syd AB Thérapie d'immunisation à base de peptides pour le traitement de l'athérosclérose et développement d'un dosage à base de peptides pour la détermination des réponses immunes contre une lipoprotéine oxydée à basse densité
US8025876B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2011-09-27 Forskarpatent I Syd Antibodies against a peptide epitope of apolipoprotein B
US8029786B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2011-10-04 Forskarpatent I Syd Antibodies against a peptide epitope of apolipoprotein B
US8119590B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2012-02-21 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Prevention and treatment of restenosis by local administration of drug
WO2003068712A3 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2004-03-25 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede de preparation de biopuces a adn et leurs applications
WO2003068712A2 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-21 Cnrs (Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique) Procede de preparation de biopuces a adn et leurs applications
FR2835829A1 (fr) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-15 Centre Nat Rech Scient Nouveau procede de preparation de biopuces a adn ou a proteines et leurs applications
US8926958B2 (en) 2004-04-06 2015-01-06 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Prevention and treatment of vascular disease with recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors encoding apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I milano
WO2008063157A2 (fr) * 2006-10-25 2008-05-29 The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Anticoagulant à base de nanoparticules
WO2008063157A3 (fr) * 2006-10-25 2009-03-19 Us Gov Health & Human Serv Anticoagulant à base de nanoparticules
EP2070970A2 (fr) 2007-12-12 2009-06-17 Fermentas UAB Réactif de transfection
US9102796B2 (en) 2007-12-12 2015-08-11 Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics Uab Transfection reagent
US9856456B2 (en) 2009-10-12 2018-01-02 Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics Uab Delivery agent
US9205139B2 (en) 2010-11-12 2015-12-08 Cardiovax, Llc Immunomodulatory methods and systems for treatment and/or prevention of aneurysms
US9205141B2 (en) 2010-11-12 2015-12-08 Cardio Vax, Llc Immunomodulatory methods and systems for treatment and/or prevention of hypertension
CN111420068A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-07-17 浙江大学 聚乙二醇-树枝状聚赖氨酸/酸酐-顺铂复合物及其制备方法和应用
CN112226207A (zh) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-15 兰州大学 一种高稳定性固-固复合相变材料及其制备方法
CN112226207B (zh) * 2020-10-28 2021-10-22 兰州大学 一种高稳定性固-固复合相变材料及其制备方法

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