WO2002033716A1 - Procede et dispositif pour reduire l'usure des contacts d'un appareil de coupure - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour reduire l'usure des contacts d'un appareil de coupure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002033716A1
WO2002033716A1 PCT/DE2001/003814 DE0103814W WO0233716A1 WO 2002033716 A1 WO2002033716 A1 WO 2002033716A1 DE 0103814 W DE0103814 W DE 0103814W WO 0233716 A1 WO0233716 A1 WO 0233716A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
command
erosion
angle
contact
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2001/003814
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Elsner
Gerd Griepentrog
Reinhard Maier
Diethard Runggaldier
Bernhard Streich
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to DE50112489T priority Critical patent/DE50112489D1/de
Priority to EP01987939A priority patent/EP1327254B1/fr
Priority to JP2002537018A priority patent/JP3828866B2/ja
Publication of WO2002033716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002033716A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H9/563—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for multipolar switches, e.g. different timing for different phases, selecting phase with first zero-crossing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/0062—Testing or measuring non-electrical properties of switches, e.g. contact velocity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing the contact wear of a switching device, in particular a contactor. It further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • main contacts switch a three-phase system
  • the aim is to reduce the contact erosion by suitable operation and thus to increase the operating time of the switching device.
  • switching synchronization effect a uniform erosion can be achieved in the usually three main contacts, which increases the operating time. This is already the wiring of the switchgear or
  • a desired equalization of the contact erosion can be increased by avoiding the so-called auto-synchronization of the switching device.
  • switching commands can be delayed according to certain methods in such a way that the switching angles are evenly distributed.
  • the main contact arrangement most severely affected by the current erosion could be relieved by suitable selection of the switching time. This would place a greater load on the other two main contact arrangements, which would also bring about leveling.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for reducing the contact erosion of a switching device, in particular a contactor, with which on the one hand a diverging erosion of the main contacts, in particular caused by the switching synchronism, and on the other hand the total erosion of all three main contact arrangements of the switching device is reduced. Furthermore, a device that is particularly suitable for carrying out the method is to be specified.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
  • a switching device after receiving a switch-on command, it is delayed until a preferred phase or command angle is reached, which is assigned to the main contact with the currently most severe erosion.
  • the command or switching command angle1 is a specific point in time related to the phase position of the control or coil voltage for the electromagnetic actuation of the main contacts.
  • the switch-on command angle takes into account the contact closing time that is dependent on this between the application of the coil or control voltage of the magnet system of the switching device coupled to the main contacts and the contact of the contact elements of the respective main contacts.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that in every half of the network period there are three preferred times or command angles at which a switching operation causes a statistically lower total burnup of all three main contacts than any other
  • Time or any other equally distributed command angle Exactly one main contact can be assigned to each of the preferred points in time or command angle, which, on a statistical average, has a lower burnup compared to the other two main contacts when a switching operation initiated at this time or at this command angle.
  • This assignment between the preferred times ten or command angles and the main contacts is unambiguous, so that each main contact or each main contact arrangement is also assigned exactly one preferred command angle.
  • Each preferred command angle has two essential properties, namely, on the one hand, minimal burn-up for a specific main contact. On the other hand, if this preferred command angle, which is assigned to only one of the main contacts, is selected, the burn-up is statistically smaller for all main contacts than for any other command angle.
  • the delay can be brought about, for example, by a discretely implemented delay element or by a microcontroller. Since there are a total of three preferred command angles or times for every half network period, the delay is at most 180 °, which corresponds to a delay time of 10 ms at a network frequency of 50 Hz. In this way, the avoidance of any switching synchronization is ensured on the one hand. On the other hand, a reduction in the cumulative contact erosion is achieved in all three main contacts or main contact arrangements.
  • the current erosion of the three main contacts is preferably determined by measuring the time interval during the switch-off process.
  • the time span between a separation of the magnetic system provided for the electromagnetic actuation of the main contacts and the separation of the main contacts is recorded.
  • the magnet system can be separated by a characteristic voltage pulse on the associated one
  • Magnetic coil can be detected.
  • the separation of the main contacts also results in a voltage pulse, the level of which corresponds at least to the anode-cathode voltage of an arc that arises.
  • a time interval measurement is described for example in DE 196 03 310 AI and DE 196 03 319 AI.
  • the time interval measurement uses the knowledge that the burn-off of the main contacts is primarily in a reduction in the thickness of the contact pad and thus expressed in a shortened way.
  • the device thus comprises a number of evaluation elements for determining the erosion of each main contact of the switching device.
  • each evaluation element carries out a time interval measurement based on the voltage across the respective main contact and the voltage of the magnet coil of the magnet system.
  • the three preferred command angles which are phase angles of the coil or control voltage for the magnet system of the switching device assigned to the three phases of the three-phase network, are expediently stored as a table in a memory module.
  • a phase comparator generates a comparison of the
  • Main contact with the command or phase angle currently assigned to the strongest erosion with the phase angle of the currently detected control voltage of the magnet system provides a pulse to initiate the switching process.
  • the pulse sequence of the generated pulse expediently corresponds to half a network period.
  • a flip-flop connected downstream of the phase comparator preferably a flip-flop, transmits the switch-on command to a switch for applying the control or coil voltage to the magnet system with the pulse generated by the phase comparator.
  • the phase comparator is connected to a phase output of the switching device, to which one of the phases of the three-phase network is connected.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of a switching device with an arrangement for reducing the contact erosion
  • FIG. 2 shows the closing time dependent on the switch-on command angle in an angle / time diagram
  • FIG. 3 shows in an angle / speed diagram the closing speed dependent on the switch-on command angle
  • FIG. 4 shows in an angle / time diagram the lift-off time dependent on the switch-on command angle of main contacts of the switching device
  • main contacts K1 to K3 whose immovable contact elements Kla, K2a and K3a, on the one hand, have phase connections 2 of a three-phase network
  • the movable contact elements Klb, K2b and K3b of the main contact clocks K1 to K3 are actuated by a common magnet system with a magnet coil 4.
  • the magnetic coil 4, with which the main contacts K1 to K3 are mechanically coupled, is connected via a control line 5 on the one hand to the phase connection 2 of the phase conductor L3 and on the other hand to the connection 2 of the neutral conductor N.
  • the control line 5 there is a switch 6 for actuating the magnet coil 4 and thus for actuating, ie for switching the magnet system of the switching device 1 on and off.
  • An evaluation element A L3 , A h2 , A LI is assigned to each main contact K1 to K3 to determine the contact wear of the respective main contact K1 to K3.
  • Each of these Ausenseglieder Ar .3, A L2, A L1 is the one hand, via a measuring line 7, the voltage U ⁇ , U 2, U 3 U about the respective main contact Kl to K3 and via measurement lines 8, the control or coil voltage S at the Solenoid 4 supplied.
  • the evaluation elements A rj3 , A L2 , A h ⁇ carry out a time interval measurement and thus determine the current erosion values ⁇ m 1 , ⁇ m 2 , ⁇ m 3 of the main contacts Kl to K3, ie the respective thickness of the remaining contact pads the main contacts Kl to K3.
  • a function block 9 is used in a function block 9 to determine a B. according to a so-called max-index function, the main contact Kl, K2 or K3 with the greatest erosion is determined.
  • a memory module 10 in which three preferred switch-on command angles ⁇ in a table. ⁇ 2 . ⁇ 3 are stored, the relevant command angle ⁇ ⁇ v for the following switching process is taken and forwarded to a phase comparator 11.
  • the phase comparator 11 continuously compares the phase angle ⁇ of the coil or control voltage U s with the preferred command angle ⁇ K v and, if they match, outputs a short pulse S which is, for example, approximately 100 ⁇ s long.
  • the phase comparator 11 is connected via a control line 12 to the connection 2 of the neutral conductor N and to one of the phase connections 2, in the exemplary embodiment phase L3, of the three-phase network.
  • the polarity of the coil voltage U ⁇ is not taken into account, so that the pulses S are output at intervals of half a network period T / 2.
  • the pulse S is fed to an input Ei of a flip-flop 13, at whose further input E an external switching command, ie the external switch-on command ES, is pending.
  • the flip-flop 13 takes over the switching command ES present at the input E 2 and thus initiates the switch-on process via the delay-free switch 6.
  • the switch-on command angle ⁇ ⁇ is the phase angle related to the phase position of the sinusoidal control or protective coil voltage U s . It can be seen from the curve that the closing time t s, which is dependent on the switch-on command angle ⁇ ⁇ , is not constant, but is subject to a fluctuation of more than 10 ms. At a network frequency of 50 Hz, this corresponds to an angle ⁇ ⁇ of more than 180 °.
  • the closing speed v s dependent on the switch-on command angle inkel, ie the speed at which the main contacts K1, K2, K3 meet.
  • the closing speed v s is dependent on the switch-on command angle ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the course of the closing speed v s is significantly dependent on the structural conditions of the respective contactor or switching device 1, so that generally valid statements cannot be made in practice.
  • the closing speed v s is subjected to statistical scatter at a constant switch-on command angle ⁇ ⁇ , which is evident from the error band determined in accordance with the measured standard deviation. Nevertheless, the closing speed v s of all three main contacts K1, K2, K3 is approximately the same, which is reflected in the single graph.
  • the withdrawal_2 duration t ab is the accumulated time during which the main contacts K1, K2, K3 are again separated from one another after the first contact.
  • a light arc relevant for the burnup is gene between the contact elements la to 3b of the main contacts Kl to K3.
  • a comparison of the graphs according to FIGS. 3 and 4 shows a clear relationship between the closing time t s and the lifting time t ab . Therefore causes a high closing speed v s also a comparatively long Abhebedauer from out. Therefore, as well as from simple considerations of elastic collision and to the spring-mass systems can in averaging over many circuits with the same closing speed v s for all three main contacts Kl to K3 are also approximately the same Abhebedauer t be assumed from. This can be done through the relationship
  • the amount of the flowing current i during the bounce lifting of the main contacts K1 to K3 is also important for the burnup. It can be assumed that the erosion is proportional to the integral of the arc current i over time.
  • the arc current i is usually potentiated with a contact-specific constant k according to the relationship:
  • ⁇ m are the contact erosion and C v and k in particular of the properties of the main contact Kl to K3, z.
  • ⁇ SLI ( ⁇ K + f ' ( ⁇ / ° • 360 ° + 240 °) mod 360 °
  • T ⁇ S 2 ( ⁇ K + - ⁇ - 360 ° + 120 °) mod 360 °
  • ⁇ sL3 ( ⁇ - ⁇ - 360 ° mod 360 ° T
  • T is the network period with a period of 20 ms as a rule.
  • ⁇ s is the closing angle related to the respective phase or phase line Ll, L2, L3.
  • the main contacts Kl, K2, K3, two processes are at the burnup involved, namely on the one hand each have the same for all the main contacts Kl to K3 Abhebedauer t, and on the other hand for all i main contacts Kl to K3 respectively different height of the arc current.
  • This is also evident from the experimentally determined course of the relative bounce charge Q of the three main contacts K1, K2, K3 which is dependent on the switch-on command angle ⁇ ⁇ and is shown in FIG.
  • the relative bounce charge Q is the actual bounce charge related to the effective value of the nominal current.
  • the control voltage U s is in turn coherent with the outer or phase conductor L3.
  • the mean value of the three relative impact charges Q is drawn in there in the form of a line marked with crosses.
  • the reason for this is that for these switch-on command angles ⁇ ⁇ the relative bounce charge Q of an assigned main contact Kl.K2.K3 each has a local minimum and also the mean value of the bounce charges Q of all three main contacts K1, K2, K3 is lower than the average is.
  • the control phase is changed so that the control or coil voltage Us phase-synchronized z. B. to phase or external line Ll, the preferred switch-on command angle ⁇ ⁇ are to be rotated accordingly.
  • the switching on of an alternating current driven, electromagnetically operated contactor 1 is influenced by utilizing its specific properties in such a way that on the one hand the switching synchronization effect is avoided and on the other hand the erosion of the main contacts K1, K2, K3 is reduced overall.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'objectif de cette invention est de réduire l'usure des contacts d'un appareil de coupure (1), en particulier d'un contacteur-disjoncteur. A cet effet, une commande de mise en circuit (ES) est temporisée jusqu'à ce que l'angle de commande (YKn), relatif à l'angle de phase (Y) de la tension de commande (US) d'un système magnétique (4) couplé aux contacts principaux (K1, K2, K3) de l'appareil de coupure, soit atteint, lequel angle de commande est affecté au contact principal (K1, K2, K3) présentant à ce moment le taux d'usure le plus élevé. De plus, un certain nombre d'éléments d'évaluation (ALn) sont conçus pour déterminer l'usure des contacts (Dmn), un module de mémoire (10) permet l'enregistrement de certains angles de commande (YKn) et un comparateur de phase (11) produit une impulsion (S) pour l'initialisation du processus de coupure à partir d'une comparaison de l'angle de commande préféré (YKn) avec l'angle de phase (Y) de la tension de commande déterminée (US).
PCT/DE2001/003814 2000-10-16 2001-10-04 Procede et dispositif pour reduire l'usure des contacts d'un appareil de coupure WO2002033716A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50112489T DE50112489D1 (de) 2000-10-16 2001-10-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reduzierung des kontaktabbrandes eines schaltgerätes
EP01987939A EP1327254B1 (fr) 2000-10-16 2001-10-04 Procede et dispositif pour reduire l'usure des contacts d'un appareil de coupure
JP2002537018A JP3828866B2 (ja) 2000-10-16 2001-10-04 開閉装置の接点消耗を減少させる方法と装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10051161.9 2000-10-16
DE2000151161 DE10051161C1 (de) 2000-10-16 2000-10-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung des Kontaktabbrandes eines Schaltgerätes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002033716A1 true WO2002033716A1 (fr) 2002-04-25

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ID=7659915

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2001/003814 WO2002033716A1 (fr) 2000-10-16 2001-10-04 Procede et dispositif pour reduire l'usure des contacts d'un appareil de coupure

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1327254B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3828866B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1214421C (fr)
DE (2) DE10051161C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002033716A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005035658B3 (de) * 2005-07-29 2007-04-12 Siemens Ag Betriebsverfahren für ein Schaltgerät und hiermit korrespondierendes Schaltgerät
DE102005043895B4 (de) * 2005-09-14 2007-07-26 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromechanisch betätigten Schaltgerätes und nach diesem Verfahren betriebenes Schaltgerät
DE102006014914B3 (de) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-04 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromechanisch betätigten Schaltgerätes und nach diesem Verfahren betriebenes Schaltgerät
EP1986203A1 (fr) * 2007-04-26 2008-10-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour détecter une couche d'isolement de contact dans un élément de commutation ayant des contacts et un commutateur ayant un tel élément de commutation
US20110062960A1 (en) * 2009-09-15 2011-03-17 Lenin Prakash Device and method to monitor electrical contact status
WO2012072810A1 (fr) * 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 Abb Research Ltd Procédé et dispositif de contrôle d'appareils de connexion
WO2012152793A1 (fr) 2011-05-09 2012-11-15 Abb Technology Ag Acquisition automatique de temps d'action de disjoncteurs pour une commutation commandée
US10141143B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2018-11-27 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Wear-balanced electromagnetic motor control switching
JP7049183B2 (ja) * 2018-05-23 2022-04-06 三菱電機株式会社 電力量計および電気機器
DE102021212854A1 (de) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Anordnung zur Zustandsbestimmung eines Schalters

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5440180A (en) * 1992-09-28 1995-08-08 Eaton Corporation Microprocessor based electrical contactor with distributed contactor opening
EP0694937A2 (fr) * 1994-07-29 1996-01-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer la vie résiduelle de contacts dans les appareils de commutation
DE4434074A1 (de) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-28 Siemens Ag Mehrpoliges Schütz

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19603319A1 (de) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung
DE19603310A1 (de) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5440180A (en) * 1992-09-28 1995-08-08 Eaton Corporation Microprocessor based electrical contactor with distributed contactor opening
EP0694937A2 (fr) * 1994-07-29 1996-01-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer la vie résiduelle de contacts dans les appareils de commutation
DE4434074A1 (de) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-28 Siemens Ag Mehrpoliges Schütz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3828866B2 (ja) 2006-10-04
EP1327254B1 (fr) 2007-05-09
EP1327254A1 (fr) 2003-07-16
JP2004512637A (ja) 2004-04-22
CN1446367A (zh) 2003-10-01
DE10051161C1 (de) 2002-03-07
DE50112489D1 (de) 2007-06-21
CN1214421C (zh) 2005-08-10

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