WO2002031942A1 - Dispositif de limitation de courant, systeme de puissance electrique comprenant un tel dispositif et utilisation de ce dernier - Google Patents

Dispositif de limitation de courant, systeme de puissance electrique comprenant un tel dispositif et utilisation de ce dernier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002031942A1
WO2002031942A1 PCT/SE2001/002212 SE0102212W WO0231942A1 WO 2002031942 A1 WO2002031942 A1 WO 2002031942A1 SE 0102212 W SE0102212 W SE 0102212W WO 0231942 A1 WO0231942 A1 WO 0231942A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current limiting
current
ferromagnetic
circuit
flux
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2001/002212
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tomas Jonsson
Anders Bergqvist
Original Assignee
Abb Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0003667A external-priority patent/SE517381C2/sv
Priority claimed from SE0003668A external-priority patent/SE0003668D0/xx
Application filed by Abb Ab filed Critical Abb Ab
Priority to AU2001294488A priority Critical patent/AU2001294488A1/en
Publication of WO2002031942A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002031942A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/021—Current limitation using saturable reactors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00

Definitions

  • the present invention also relates to an electrical power system comprising such an arrangement, as well as the employment of such an arrangement.
  • An electrical power system herein denotes a system for transmission of distribution of electric energy in the form of alternating current at voltages exceeding 1 kV.
  • Such an arrangement comprises an induction winding, surrounding a magnetic flux circuit, the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material forming part thereof.
  • the current breaking arrangement is arranged in a current-carrying electric system so that the current that is to be limited by the current limiting arrangement flows through the induction winding.
  • the current limiting arrangement acts so that the current in the induction winding generates a magnetizing field, H, with a field intensity that is proportional to the current.
  • H field magnetizes the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material and generates a magnetic flux in the magnetic flux circuit.
  • the inductance of the induction winding is substantially proportional to the magnetic flux and is thus influenced by the degree of magnetization of the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material.
  • the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material exhibits relatively weak magnetization, which slowly increases linearly or substantially linearly to the current. In other words, in this linear area, the induction winding exhibits relatively low inductance.
  • the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material exhibits a magnetization that abruptly increases with the current in a non-linear way to be saturated, finally, at a magnetization level that is somewhat higher than the remanence, B r , of the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material.
  • B r the remanence
  • the current limiting arrangement is dimensioned so that it operates within the linear area when a normal operational current flows through the induction winding, corresponding to the nominal current of the electrical system.
  • a fault occurs in the electrical system generating a fault current exceeding said critical value, the current limiting arrangement will switch to operating in the non-linear current limiting area.
  • An example of such faults is a short circuit generating a short-circuit current in the electrical system.
  • the current limiting arrangement and the electrical power system in accordance with the invention are characterized in that - the magnetic flux circuit is divided into a first flux-circuit part, comprising a first portion of said ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material, and a second flux-circuit part, comprising a second portion of said ferromagnetic or semi- ferromagnetic material, which portions are separated from each other, the induction winding is divided into a first winding part, surrounding the first flux-circuit part, and a second winding part, surrounding the second flux-circuit part and connected in series with the first winding part, and a circuit-changing member arranged to reverse the direction of the residual magnetic field in the first portion relative to the magnetic field generated in the first flux-circuit part by the current in the first winding part, said reversal taking place between said first current limiting effort and a second subsequent current limiting effort .
  • Figure 1 shows, schematically, an electrical power system comprising a conventional current limiting arrangement .
  • Figure 2 shows a graph illustrating the relationship between the field intensity of a magnetizing field, H, and the magnetic flux density, B, in the current limiting arrangement in accordance with Figure 1.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 show a first embodiment of a current limiting arrangement in accordance with the invention, which current limiting arrangement comprises a switch reverser .
  • Figure 5 shows a graph illustrating the relationship between the field intensity of a magnetizing field, H, and the magnetic flux density, B, in the current limiting arrangement in accordance with Figures 3 and 4
  • Figure 1 shows, schematically, an electrical power system comprising a conventional current limiting arrangement 1, and also Figure 2, which illustrates the relationship between the field intensity of a magnetizing field, H, and the magnetic flux density, B, in a magnetic flux circuit 2 in the current limiting arrangement 1.
  • the electrical power system comprises a voltage source, U, for instance a generator, and a load, Z.
  • the voltage source, U, the current limiting arrangement 1 and the load, Z are series-connected and carry the same alternating current, I.
  • the current limiting arrangement 1 comprises an induction winding 3, surrounding said magnetic flux circuit 2, which comprises a ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material 4.
  • the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material 4 exhibits relatively weak magnetization.
  • the magnetic flux density, B in the magnetic flux circuit 2 varies substantially linearly to the field intensity of the H field, as illustrated by the linear curve portion 5 in Figure 2.
  • the induction winding 3 exhibits a relatively small inductance, which only to a modest extent affects the current in the electrical power system.
  • a fault in the electrical power system for instance a short circuit of the load, Z
  • the magnetization of the magnetic material 4 increases swiftly and abruptly.
  • the maximum magnetization of the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material 4 is dependent upon the saturation magnetization of the material 4. This is usually somewhat greater than the remanence, B r , of the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material.
  • the current limiting arrangement is designed such that the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material is not saturated in the event of a fault.
  • the relationship between the field intensity of the H field and the magnetic flux density, B, during a sudden increase in the current is illustrated by the curve portion 6 in Figure 2.
  • the inductance of the induction winding 3 increases abruptly because of the swift and abrupt magnetization of the ferromagnetic or semi- ferromagnetic material.
  • the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material exhibits severe hysteresis for as long as the fault in the electrical power system remains, that is for as long as the fault current flows through the electrical power system, as illustrated by the curve portion 7 in Figure 2.
  • the impedance of the current limiting arrangement increases sharply during said sudden increase in the current, which impedance increase has an inductive component, dependent on the inductance increase of the induction winding 3, and also a resistive component, arising from the hysteresis.
  • the fault current is limited to a predetermined maximum value, by means of the impedance increase, until the fault is disconnected from the electrical power system, which usually occurs within two or three periods or current cycles.
  • a significant residual magnetization can occur in the ferromagnetic or semi- ferromagnetic material 4 after the fault current is disconnected.
  • the residual magnetization corresponds to a residual magnetic flux, B ⁇ , which can assume a value between -B r and B r .
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a first embodiment of a current limiting arrangement in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows the current limiting arrangement immediately after a first current limiting effort and
  • Figure 4 shows the current limiting arrangement prior to a subsequent second current limiting effort.
  • the current limiting arrangement has a first and a second connection device 9, 10 for connecting the current limiting arrangement to an electrical power system (not shown) .
  • the current limiting arrangement comprises an induction winding 3, divided into a first and a second winding part 11, 12.
  • the current limiting arrangement further comprises a magnetic flux circuit 2, divided into a first and a second flux-circuit part 13, 14.
  • the first winding part 11 surrounds the first flux-circuit part 13, which comprises a first portion 15 containing ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material.
  • the second winding part 12 similarly surrounds the second flux- circuit part 14, which comprises a second portion 16 containing ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material.
  • the flux-circuit parts 13 and 14 are fashioned in the same way with respect to the mass of ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material in the portions 15 and 16 as well as the geometric design of the same.
  • the winding parts 11, 12 are series-connected between the connection devices 9, 10. The winding parts 11, 12 are thus arranged so that the same current flows through both parts.
  • the current limiting arrangement further comprises a circuit-changing member in the form of a switch reverser 17, comprising four terminal contacts 18, 19, 20, 21.
  • the first winding part 11 has a first and a second end 22 and 23, which are connected to the terminal contacts 18 and 19, respectively, of the switch reverser 17.
  • the second winding part 12 similarly has a first and a second winding end 24 and 25, which second winding end 25 is connected to the terminal contact 20 of the switch reverser 17.
  • the first winding end 24 of the second winding part 12 is connected to the connection device 10, and the terminal contact 21 of the switch reverser 17 is connected to the connection device 9.
  • the switch reverser 17, and thus the current limiting arrangement can assume a first position in accordance with Figure 3 and a second position in accordance with Figure 4. In the first position, the terminal contacts 18 and 21 are connected to each other, as are the terminal contacts 19 and 20.
  • the other end 23 of the first winding part 11 is thereby connected to the other end 25 of the second winding part 12; and the first end 22 of the first winding part 11 is connected to the first connection device 9.
  • the terminal contacts 18 and 20 are connected to each other, as are the terminal contacts 19 and 21, whereby the first end 22 of the first winding part 11 is connected to the other end 25 of the second winding part 12, and the other end 23 of the first winding part 11 is connected to the first connection device 9 of the current limiting arrangement.
  • the switch reverser 17 is switched from said first position to said second position, or vice versa, whereby the phase angle of the current through the first winding part 11 is displaced 180° relative to the phase angle for the current through the second winding part 12.
  • the direction of the residual magnetic field in the portion 15 is thereby reversed relative to the magnetic field generated by the current through the first winding part 11.
  • the solid curve 26 illustrates the magnetization of the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material in the portion 15 and the broken-line curve 27 illustrates the magnetization of the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material in the portion 16.
  • the difference between the residual magnetic flux density in the two portions 15, 16 is 2B k , as indicated in Figure 5.
  • either the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material in the portion 15 or the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material in the portion 16 will be saturated at an early stage during the second current limiting effort.
  • the magnetization of the ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material in the portion 15 will increase abruptly without reaching saturation, as illustrated by the curve 26.
  • the magnetization increase in the portion 15 thus leads to a limitation of the current through the first winding part 11 and thereby also through the second winding part 12. If the fault remains during several periods, the magnetization in both portions 15 and 16 will follow the hysteresis curve 28 illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the current limiting capacity of the current limiting arrangement in accordance with the invention is thus independent of any residual magnetic field in the portions 15, 16 containing ferromagnetic or semi- ferromagnetic material.
  • Figure 6 shows a current limiting arrangement in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the current limiting arrangement comprises two series-connected winding parts 11, 12 and two flux- circuit parts 13, 14, each of which comprises a portion 15, 16 containing ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material.
  • the current limiting arrangement further comprises a circuit-changing member in the form of a rotary device 29, comprising a rotatable shaft on which the portion 15 containing the ferromagnetic or semi- ferromagnetic material is rotatably journalled.
  • the rotary device is arranged to rotate the portion 15 containing ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material half a turn, between two consecutive current limiting efforts, in the direction of the flux-circuit part 13, as indicated in Figure 6.
  • this procedure results in the residual magnetic field in the portion 15 being reversed relative to the magnetic field generated by the current through the winding part 11. Consequently, in the same way as in the first embodiment of the invention, it is ensured that one of the portions 15, 16 containing ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material are not saturated during the second current limiting effort.
  • the current limiting arrangement preferably comprises a capacitor, connected in series with the induction winding.
  • the current limiting arrangement obtains a reactance that is zero at a normal operation current .
  • the above-mentioned ferromagnetic or semi-ferromagnetic material is ferromagnetic ferrite, which, although it provides an induction winding exhibiting relatively high inductance at a normal operational current, exhibits other properties that are desirable in the context of current limiting, such as energy density and resistivity.
  • ferromagnetic ferrite is relatively inexpensive, which further increases the attraction of such a material.
  • the invention has been described above in relation to a free-standing current limiting arrangement for a single phase. However, it will be appreciated that the invention also is applicable to other types of current limiting arrangements, for instance those that are built into transformers, where the ferromagnetic or semi- ferromagnetic material forms a magnetic flux circuit between the primary and the secondary windings of the transformer. It will also be appreciated that it is fully possible to unite the flux-circuit parts 13, 14 described above with a single magnetic flux circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de limitation de courant destiné à limiter un courant dans un système de puissance électrique. Ce dispositif de limitation de courant comprend une bobine d'induction (3), entourant un circuit de flux magnétique (2) constitué d'un matériau ferromagnétique ou semi-ferromagnétique, ce matériau présentant un champ magnétique résiduel après un premier effort de limitation de courant. Selon l'invention, le circuit de flux magnétique est divisé en deux parties de circuit de flux (13, 14), chacune comprenant une portion (15, 16) de matériau ferromagnétique ou semi-ferromagnétique. La bobine d'induction (3) est divisée en deux parties de bobine connectées en série (11, 12), chacune entourant une des parties de circuit de flux (13, 14). Un élément de changement de circuit (17) est disposé de manière à inverser la direction du champ magnétique résiduel dans une de ces portions par rapport à champ magnétique généré par le courant dans la partie de bobine associée à cette portion, ladite inversion ayant lieu entre deux efforts de limitation de courant consécutifs dans le dispositif de limitation de courant. L'invention concerne également un système de puissance électrique comprenant un tel dispositif de limitation de courant, ainsi que l'utilisation de ce dernier.
PCT/SE2001/002212 2000-10-12 2001-10-11 Dispositif de limitation de courant, systeme de puissance electrique comprenant un tel dispositif et utilisation de ce dernier WO2002031942A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001294488A AU2001294488A1 (en) 2000-10-12 2001-10-11 Current limiting device, an electrical power system including such a device as well as use of such a device

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0003667A SE517381C2 (sv) 2000-10-12 2000-10-12 Strömbegränsande anordning, elkraftsystem omfattande en sådan anordning samt användning av en sådan anordning
SE0003668-1 2000-10-12
SE0003668A SE0003668D0 (sv) 2000-10-12 2000-10-12 Strömbegränsande anordning samt elkraftsystem innefattande en sådan strömbegränsande anordning
SE0003667-3 2000-10-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002031942A1 true WO2002031942A1 (fr) 2002-04-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2001/002212 WO2002031942A1 (fr) 2000-10-12 2001-10-11 Dispositif de limitation de courant, systeme de puissance electrique comprenant un tel dispositif et utilisation de ce dernier

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001294488A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002031942A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2187408A1 (fr) * 2007-08-20 2010-05-19 Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock CO., LTD Réacteur à noyau de fer

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD209313A1 (de) * 1982-06-30 1984-04-25 Horst Gerlach Strombegrenzungseinrichtung
DE19648381A1 (de) * 1996-11-22 1998-06-04 Abb Research Ltd Vorrichtung zur Strombegrenzung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD209313A1 (de) * 1982-06-30 1984-04-25 Horst Gerlach Strombegrenzungseinrichtung
DE19648381A1 (de) * 1996-11-22 1998-06-04 Abb Research Ltd Vorrichtung zur Strombegrenzung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2187408A1 (fr) * 2007-08-20 2010-05-19 Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock CO., LTD Réacteur à noyau de fer
EP2187408A4 (fr) * 2007-08-20 2012-07-18 Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Co Ltd Réacteur à noyau de fer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001294488A1 (en) 2002-04-22

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