WO2002026362A1 - Procede et appareil d'osmose inverse a recuperation elevee - Google Patents

Procede et appareil d'osmose inverse a recuperation elevee Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002026362A1
WO2002026362A1 PCT/US2001/030407 US0130407W WO0226362A1 WO 2002026362 A1 WO2002026362 A1 WO 2002026362A1 US 0130407 W US0130407 W US 0130407W WO 0226362 A1 WO0226362 A1 WO 0226362A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
retentate
feedwater
reverse osmosis
sihca
concentration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/030407
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lawrence C. Costa
Patrick J. Mccabe
Original Assignee
Ionics, Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ionics, Incorporated filed Critical Ionics, Incorporated
Priority to AU2001294860A priority Critical patent/AU2001294860A1/en
Publication of WO2002026362A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002026362A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/58—Multistep processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
    • B01D2321/162—Use of acids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/027—Nanofiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/422—Electrodialysis

Definitions

  • This invention is in the field of water purification. More particularly, this invention describes a method and related apparatus to desalinate water by a high recovery reverse osmosis (HI RO) process.
  • This novel HIRRO process comprises a sequence of unit operations which permits economical operation and high recovery of feedwater as purified product (up to 90% or greater) even when the feedwater contains a substantial amount of silica.
  • the present invention provides for economical purification of feedwaters which contain significant concentrations (typically 30 ppm or greater) of silica by means of reverse osmosis (RO), and allows recovery of up to 90% or more of feedwaters as purified product without deposition of insoluble, amorphous silica within the reverse osmosis equipment.
  • RO reverse osmosis
  • Silica is ubiquitous in natural waters. The solubility limit of such silica in most waters is approximately 125 ppm. However, the chemistry of silica is complex; the actual solubility limit of silica in a particular water is variable and dependent upon numerous factors including temperature, pH, ionic composition, ionic strength, etc. When sihca-containing waters are concentrated by means of conventional reverse osmosis and the relevant silica solubility limit is exceeded in the RO retentate, silica can precipitate and form "scale" on exposed surfaces of the system. RO system performance is then greatly degraded, and it is expensive and difficult to remove such scale once it has formed. For many natural waters with native silica concentrations of 30 - 80 ppm, the m-iximum practical recovery of purified water by conventional RO is limited to about 35 - 70%.
  • a novel process and related apparatus for removal of silica from aqueous solutions is provided herein, hi one aspect of the present invention, the pH of a sihca-containing solution is adjusted to an acidic pH.
  • the acidified solution is then processed through a reverse osmosis apparatus.
  • the acidified solution has pH between 1 and 6; preferably, the pH is between 2 and 5.
  • the pH is adjusted with either mineral or organic acids.
  • the acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, gallic acid, ascorbic acid or combinations thereof.
  • siMca-containing aqueous solution is subjected to a pretreatment process prior to the acidification step.
  • the pretreatment process can include conventional reverse osmosis, softening, ion-exchange, flocculation, precipitation, absorption, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, electrodialysis reversal, microfiltration (membrane filtration), electrodiaresis, electrodeionization, filled cell electrodialysis, irradiation and combinations thereof.
  • a process and apparatus for removal of silica from aqueous solutions there is provided.
  • the process includes the steps of: (a) passing s-lica-conta- ⁇ -ring solution through a pretreatment process to produce a first-treated solution; (b) adjusting the pH of the first-treated solution to an acidic pH to produce an acid-treated solution; and (c) passing the acid-treated solution through a reverse osmosis apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a process according to this invention.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a simplified reverse osmosis apparatus for use in connection with this invention.
  • the present invention permits high recovery of purified water from feedwaters which contain significant concentrations of silica without deposition of silica-containing scale or formation of colloidal silica by first adjusting the pH of such feedwater into the acidic range, and then operating the RO process at acidic pH.
  • the discovery of this invention is surprising in view of the prior art, particularly the pubUcations of Her which teach that colloidal silica is rapidly formed, and silica scale is rapidly deposited, from silicate solutions when the pH is lowered (reference may be made to R. K. Her, "The Chemistry of Silica... ", John Wiley & Sons, 1979, pp 83 ff).
  • the present invention instead utilizes kinetic constraints imposed on polymerization and precipitation of silica by operation of an RO process at acidic pH.
  • the present invention is fundamentally distinct from and operates on different chemical principles than former methods based on comparison of their respective modes of operation.
  • the present invention does not consume relatively large quantities of base which are necessary to adjust and maintain feedwater at a strongly alkaline pH in former methods. Moreover, since the present invention operates under acidic conditions, extensive pretreatment of feedwater to remove hardness, carbon dioxide, and a-ka-inity to very low levels is also unnecessary. Growth and viability of many microorganisms present in natural waters is inhibited under acidic conditions, and biofouling concerns are thereby reduced.
  • the HIRRO process may be operated successfully on feedwaters which have received relatively minimal pretreatment(s) as compared with conventional methods. This provides economic advantages in terms of both lower equipment costs and lower operating costs.
  • the present invention is applicable to efficient purification of feedwaters which contain significant levels of natural sihca, such as by way of example, groundwaters found in volcanic deposits.
  • This invention is also applicable to treatment of partially-purified waters which still contain significant levels of sihca, such as by way of example, from water softening, nanofiltration, electrodialysis and other operations well known in the art.
  • This invention is also applicable to treatment of wastewaters which contain significant levels of sihca, such as by way of example, retentates (brines) from conventional RO and nanofiltration operations.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram representing one embodiment of a process according to the present invention.
  • the present invention may be utilized to process a feedwater directly. In this instance it would include the following sequence of unit operations:
  • type 1 treatment is understood to encompass those standard RO pretreatments prior to conventional RO which would be deemed appropriate and necessary for the particular feedwater at hand by one skilled in the art.
  • standard RO pretreatments are those that are ordinary, and appropriate for feedwaters for conventional RO processing.
  • Such standard “type 1" pretreatments might include, for example, simple media filtration, multimedia filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, dechlorination, irradiation, and the like. The latter techniques are primarily physical in nature, and typically do not substantially alter the soluble chemical composition of the feedwater.
  • the nature and amount of acid to be added to the feedwater to adjustthe pH into a desirable acidic pH range will be dete ⁇ nined by the composition of each particular feedwater.
  • the present invention operates successfully when feedwater pH is in the range of from about 1 to about 6, and more preferably in the range from about 2 to about 5.
  • the present invention has been operated successfully using both mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid; sulfuric acid), and organic acids (e.g., gallic acid; ascorbic acid) to establish the desired pH.
  • the reverse osmosis portion of the apparatus used in connection with the present invention is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the reverse osmosis portion of the HIRRO system comprises a reverse osmosis entrance conduit 12, a reverse osmosis system 14 comprising reverse osmosis elements, a reverse osmosis retentate exit conduit 16, and a reverse osmosis permeate exit conduit 18.
  • the present invention may be utilized to process feedwater which has been previously treated by methods which alter the chemical composition of feedwater, but which do not substantially reduce the amount of silica, h this embodiment, the present invention includes the following sequence of unit operations:
  • type 2 treatment is intended to include those unit operations which would alter the nature and/or the amounts of certain dissolved components in the feedwater without otherwise substantially altering the amount of dissolved silica in the feedwater.
  • Such "type 2" unit operations would include by way of example, softening (as by means of zeolite softening; ion-exchange resin softening; etc.), partial ion- exchange, flocculation, precipitation, absorption, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, electrodialysis reversal, and the like. Additional unit operations which similarly process and affect the feedwater will be apparent to one skilled in the art. It will be apparent, for example, that a combination of a type 1 and a type 2 treatment could be used to pretreat a feedwater.
  • pretreatment may be desirable to adjust concentrations of certain components of the feedwater which could otherwise adversely affect performance of the HERRO process of this invention.
  • Such components could be, by way of example, salts which would themselves precipitate and scale the system when concentrated above a certain hmit, such as calcium sulfate; components that can promote or catalyze the precipitation of sihca, such as magnesium, calcium, alu ⁇ -inum, iron, zinc, fluoride, phosphate ions, boric acid, and the like; and components that can promote precipitation of polymeric sihca such as particulates, certain surfactants, polymers, and the like.
  • the present invention may be utilized to process a silica- containing wastewater. Such a wastewater may be processed directly, or may optionally be first subjected to a "pretreatment" as described above. In this embodiment the present invention would include the following sequence of unit operations: Wastewater adjust pH to acid range as appropriate
  • One example of this embodiment is use of the HIRRO process to concentrate retentate from a nanofiltration operation.
  • a second example is processing of retentate from a conventional RO operation by first treating such retentate by means of electrodialysis reversal (EDR) to provide a concentrated waste stream and a product stream which is substantially depleted of electrolytes.
  • EDR electrodialysis reversal
  • This EDR product stream which may contain silica in approximately the same concentration as the original RO retentate, can be subsequently processed by HIRRO according to the present invention to provide a high recovery of water without deposition of silica in the system.
  • HIRRO chemical and mechanical planarization
  • CMP chemical and mechanical planarization
  • cooling tower wastewater low-duty truck
  • wastewaters to be further processed to comply with zero liquid discharge requirements. Additional examples of this embodiment will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Again, without being -limited by theory, we beheve that the present invention utilizes kinetic constraints imposed on polymerization and precipitation of sihca at acidic pH to facihtate efficient and stable operation of the HIRRO process while continuously maintaining a retentate stream that is supersaturated with respect to silica.
  • HIRRO process efficiencies may be realized if the HIRRO process is periodically interrupted, and the HIRRO system is purged and cleaned in place (CIP) to remove potential silica nucleation sites which may be present.
  • potential nucleation sites may be, by way of example, micro-colloidal sihca particles, and other silica- cont- ⁇ iing particulates and deposits.
  • a particularly effective CIP procedure for the HIRRO process includes the following sequence of operations: (1) switch the feed to the HIRRO process from the original feedwater to a cleansing water which is substantially depleted of sihca and electrolytes (such as an accumulated portion of the HIRRO product water), and operate with this "clean" feedwater for a sufficient time to reduce the concentrations of silica and electrolytes in the retentate to be approximately the same as those in the "clean” feedwater; (2) add a sufficient amount of a base (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, elh-molamine, and the like) to the "clean" feedwater to raise the pH to 9-11, and soak, circulate, or recirculate this basic-adjusted cleansing water through the HIRRO system for a sufficient time to achieve equilibrium dissolution of any insoluble silica; (3) flush the system with the same basic-adjusted cleansing water used in step 2 above to reduce the concentration of silica in the retentate below its saturation limit at the operational,
  • silica concentration in the retentate stream may beneficially be monitored. If sihca concentration in this recirculation stream exceeds the relevant silica solubility limit in "natural waters" - typically about 125 ppm at ambient conditions - then a portion of this retentate stream should be diverted, and this diverted volume replaced with "clean" feedwater. In this manner, silica concentration in the recirculating stream may be kept below the relevant natural solubility hmit, and inadvertent precipitation of sihca within the HIRRO system will be prevented when the pH of the recirculating solution is lowered as in step (4) above.
  • Example 2a The procedure of Example 2a was repeated, except that the silica concentration of the feed, the % recovery, and the pH of the treated feedwater immediately prior to concentration by RO were varied. Results for Examples 2a - 2e are reported in Table 2 below. Table 2
  • Examples 2d and 2e are considered outside the scope of the present invention based on pH and are presented here for comparative purposes only. **Example 2d retentate contained visible sihca precipitate.
  • Retentate from a conventional RO unit was demineralized by means of electrodialysis reversal (EDR) to give a brine waste and a product stream with the composition indicated in Table 3 below.
  • the pH of this product stream was adjusted to 3.4 with HC1, and it was concentrated to approx. 95% recovery by HERRO.
  • Retentate from the HIRRO was clear and stable, had a pH of 4.5, and contained 786 ppm silica.
  • the permeate was clear and contained 1.3 ppm silica (pH 3.3).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et un appareil destinés à produire des rétentats d'osmose inverse transparents possédant des concentrations de silice qui sont sensiblement supersaturées en silice par des eaux d'alimentation contenant des concentrations de silice, sans formation substantielle de tartre soluble dans un alcali possédant une teneur en silice substantielle dans l'appareil d'osmose inverse associé, par ajustage du pH des eaux d'alimentation à la gamme d'un pH acide avant l'osmose inverse. Cette invention concerne également des procédés et un appareil d'élimination périodique de quantités minimes de tartre soluble dans un alcali possédant une teneur en silice substantielle provenant de l'appareil.
PCT/US2001/030407 2000-09-29 2001-09-28 Procede et appareil d'osmose inverse a recuperation elevee WO2002026362A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001294860A AU2001294860A1 (en) 2000-09-29 2001-09-28 High recovery reverse osmosis process and apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23694200P 2000-09-29 2000-09-29
US60/236,942 2000-09-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002026362A1 true WO2002026362A1 (fr) 2002-04-04

Family

ID=22891651

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/030407 WO2002026362A1 (fr) 2000-09-29 2001-09-28 Procede et appareil d'osmose inverse a recuperation elevee

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001294860A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002026362A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1549420A1 (fr) * 2002-05-06 2005-07-06 Debasish Mukhopadhyay Procede et appareil pour le traitement de fluides par osmose inverse sous des conditions acides
US8206592B2 (en) 2005-12-15 2012-06-26 Siemens Industry, Inc. Treating acidic water
JP2014039895A (ja) * 2012-08-21 2014-03-06 Uerushii:Kk 水処理方法及び水処理装置
JP2015166069A (ja) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-24 三浦工業株式会社 水処理装置
JP2015166068A (ja) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-24 三浦工業株式会社 水処理装置
EP2837602A4 (fr) * 2012-04-11 2016-01-06 Jfe Eng Corp Procédé et dispositif de traitement de l'eau associée issue d'un puits
EP3145862A4 (fr) * 2014-05-23 2017-12-06 GEO40 Limited Produits à base de silice issus de fluides géothermiques par osmose inverse
US10626018B2 (en) 2015-02-25 2020-04-21 Geo40 Limited Method of production of a colloidal silica concentrate
US10717655B2 (en) 2015-06-19 2020-07-21 Geo40 Limited Method of production of a silica concentrare

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59112890A (ja) * 1982-12-20 1984-06-29 Japan Organo Co Ltd 逆浸透膜装置による脱塩方法
US4574049A (en) * 1984-06-04 1986-03-04 Arrowhead Industrial Water, Inc. Reverse osmosis system
JPS62294484A (ja) * 1986-06-13 1987-12-21 Shinko Fuaudoraa Kk 高濃度のシリカを含む水の逆浸透処理法
JPH02207888A (ja) * 1989-02-06 1990-08-17 Japan Organo Co Ltd 超純水の製造方法及び装置
JPH0649191B2 (ja) * 1988-03-14 1994-06-29 オルガノ株式会社 ２段式逆浸透膜処理方法
US5766479A (en) * 1995-08-07 1998-06-16 Zenon Environmental Inc. Production of high purity water using reverse osmosis
US6303037B1 (en) * 1993-12-16 2001-10-16 Organo Corporation Reverse osmosis process and equipment

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59112890A (ja) * 1982-12-20 1984-06-29 Japan Organo Co Ltd 逆浸透膜装置による脱塩方法
US4574049A (en) * 1984-06-04 1986-03-04 Arrowhead Industrial Water, Inc. Reverse osmosis system
US4574049B1 (en) * 1984-06-04 1999-02-02 Ionpure Filter Us Inc Reverse osmosis system
JPS62294484A (ja) * 1986-06-13 1987-12-21 Shinko Fuaudoraa Kk 高濃度のシリカを含む水の逆浸透処理法
JPH0649191B2 (ja) * 1988-03-14 1994-06-29 オルガノ株式会社 ２段式逆浸透膜処理方法
JPH02207888A (ja) * 1989-02-06 1990-08-17 Japan Organo Co Ltd 超純水の製造方法及び装置
US6303037B1 (en) * 1993-12-16 2001-10-16 Organo Corporation Reverse osmosis process and equipment
US5766479A (en) * 1995-08-07 1998-06-16 Zenon Environmental Inc. Production of high purity water using reverse osmosis

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7320756B2 (en) 2001-05-05 2008-01-22 Debasish Mukhopadhyay Method and apparatus for treatment of feedwaters by membrane separation under acidic conditions
EP1549420A1 (fr) * 2002-05-06 2005-07-06 Debasish Mukhopadhyay Procede et appareil pour le traitement de fluides par osmose inverse sous des conditions acides
EP1549420A4 (fr) * 2002-05-06 2006-03-29 Debasish Mukhopadhyay Procede et appareil pour le traitement de fluides par osmose inverse sous des conditions acides
US8206592B2 (en) 2005-12-15 2012-06-26 Siemens Industry, Inc. Treating acidic water
US10392283B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2019-08-27 Jfe Engineering Corporation Method and apparatus for treating accompanied water from a well
EP2837602A4 (fr) * 2012-04-11 2016-01-06 Jfe Eng Corp Procédé et dispositif de traitement de l'eau associée issue d'un puits
JP2014039895A (ja) * 2012-08-21 2014-03-06 Uerushii:Kk 水処理方法及び水処理装置
JP2015166069A (ja) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-24 三浦工業株式会社 水処理装置
JP2015166068A (ja) * 2014-03-04 2015-09-24 三浦工業株式会社 水処理装置
EP3145862A4 (fr) * 2014-05-23 2017-12-06 GEO40 Limited Produits à base de silice issus de fluides géothermiques par osmose inverse
US11198095B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2021-12-14 Geo40 Limited Silica products from geothermal fluids by reverse osmosis
US10626018B2 (en) 2015-02-25 2020-04-21 Geo40 Limited Method of production of a colloidal silica concentrate
US10717655B2 (en) 2015-06-19 2020-07-21 Geo40 Limited Method of production of a silica concentrare
US11958749B2 (en) 2015-06-19 2024-04-16 Geo40 Limited Method of production of a silica concentrate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001294860A1 (en) 2002-04-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7514001B2 (en) High recovery reverse osmosis process and apparatus
US8679347B2 (en) Multi-use high water recovery process
CN101928087B (zh) 一种高盐废水的处理方法
CN106430773B (zh) 一种针对不同离子浓度的高含盐工业废水的处理方法
CN113003846B (zh) 高含盐量和高cod的污水的零排放处理工艺和系统
KR100796561B1 (ko) 막분리를 이용한 발전소용 순수제조방법
WO2013023282A1 (fr) Traitement d'eau potable à taux de récupération élevé
CN102295378A (zh) 一种含氨氮高盐催化剂废水的处理回用方法
CN110683709A (zh) 一种含氟废水零排放的处理方法
CN104108813A (zh) 炼化污水脱盐一体化处理工艺及装置
CN110627290A (zh) 一种高盐废水资源化处理系统
CN111233237A (zh) 一种钢铁生产企业高浓盐水零排放的方法
JPH10272495A (ja) 高濃度の塩類を含有する有機性廃水の処理方法
WO2002026362A1 (fr) Procede et appareil d'osmose inverse a recuperation elevee
JP3137831B2 (ja) 膜処理装置
JP2001149950A (ja) 水処理方法及び水処理装置
CN113003845B (zh) 高硫酸盐含量和高cod的污水的零排放处理工艺和系统
US20080029456A1 (en) Method and apparatus for removing minerals from a water source
CN114075011B (zh) 一种煤制甲醇工艺清净废水的处理方法及系统
KR100398417B1 (ko) 전기도금폐수 처리방법
JP3885319B2 (ja) 純水製造装置
Singh Brine recovery at industrial RO plants: Conceptual process design studies
CN112723638A (zh) 一种高盐废水零排放处理的方法
CN112939368A (zh) 一种除盐率高的循环水排污水处理和回用方法
CN206089336U (zh) 污水资源化零排放装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 10380846

Country of ref document: US

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP