WO2002024231A1 - Utilisation d'un complexe acide nucleique/pei - Google Patents
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- WO2002024231A1 WO2002024231A1 PCT/FR2001/002952 FR0102952W WO0224231A1 WO 2002024231 A1 WO2002024231 A1 WO 2002024231A1 FR 0102952 W FR0102952 W FR 0102952W WO 0224231 A1 WO0224231 A1 WO 0224231A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/645—Polycationic or polyanionic oligopeptides, polypeptides or polyamino acids, e.g. polylysine, polyarginine, polyglutamic acid or peptide TAT
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to biology, and more particularly to gene therapy.
- the present invention relates to a new use of a nucleic acid / cationic polymer complex, and in particular nucleic acid / polyethylenimine for the preparation of a composition intended for targeting brain stem cells.
- a composition is particularly intended for the preparation of a medicament intended for the treatment of neurodegenerative and / or demyelinating diseases.
- the invention also also relates to a process for obtaining an animal with the exception of man, at least one brain stem cell of which has undergone a site-specific recombination event targeted at the level of a DNA sequence of interest.
- the invention also relates to the animal capable of being obtained by the process.
- Neurodegenerative diseases are a major and growing public health problem among the aging population. This is the reason why a lot of efforts are currently directed towards the development of gene transfer protocols in the brain. Such protocols are difficult to develop since, among other things, they require efficient and safe transfer vectors, and to overcome the difficulties specific to DNA delivery in the brain, namely the existence of the blood-brain barrier. , which aims to prevent vascular delivery of vectors, and the post-mitotic state of the neuronal population.
- adenoviruses Akli et al., 1994 ; Bajocchi et al., 1993; • Davidson et al., 1993; Le Gai La Salle, et al., 1993
- vectors derived from the herpes virus Boviatsis et al., 1994; Pakzaban et al., 1994; ood et al., 1994
- AAV adenovirus associated viruses
- HIV human immunodeficiency virus
- cationic lipids such as DOGS (Diocade cylamidoglycyl spermine or Transfectam® (Behr et al., 1989) or Lipofectin® (Felgner et al., 1987)
- polymeric cations binding DNA such as poly-L-Lysine (PLL), protamine, "cationized” albumin, polyethylenimine (PEI) (Boussif et al., 1995), "blocks copolymers ”(Read et al., 2000; Oupicky et al., 2000; Wolfert et al., 1999), and polyamidoamine dendrimers (Tang et al., 1996; Planck et al., 1999).
- DOGS Diocade cylamidoglycyl spermine or Transfectam® (Behr et al., 1989) or Lipofectin® (Felgner et al., 1987)
- cationic polymers and in particular PEI for the delivery of genes in vivo has shown that these vectors can provide high levels of expression in the brain (Abdallah et al., 1996; Boussif et al., 1995; Goula et al., 1998; Lemkine et al., 1999).
- the present invention therefore proposes to solve this problem by specifically targeting the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) which have retained their ability to divide and differentiate.
- CNS central nervous system
- the cells which correspond to neuronal stem cells have recently been demonstrated in vivo by the use of retroviruses, or by the use of a marker such as thymidine or bromodeoxy-uridine.
- the resolution of the technical problem was obtained by introducing, preferably by injecting, the composition according to the invention into the adult brain, and preferably into one or more cerebral ventricles, near or in the ventricular stem cells of the brain, preferably from the adult brain.
- the composition according to the invention is injected into the cerebral ventricle (s) where the embryonic stem cells of the brain have been located (that is to say the cerebral ventricular stem cells). Even more preferably, it is one or more lateral ventricles.
- the composition according to the invention can be injected into the 3 rd or 4 th ventricle and then diffused into the cephalic fluid to reach the ventricular embryonic stem cells.
- the composition according to the invention is introduced, preferably by intraventricular injection into the adult brain, the injection of said composition being carried out stereotaxically and said injection lasting at least 10 minutes, possibly at least 15 minutes, or at least 20 minutes .
- the resolution of the technical problem was also obtained by using quantities of nucleic acids and reduced injection volumes.
- the amount of said nucleic acid present in said composition must be at least less than 2.5 ⁇ g. Thus, it can be less than 2 ⁇ g, 1.75 ⁇ g, 1.5 ⁇ g, 0.75 ⁇ g, 0.5 ⁇ g, 0.25 ⁇ g, 0.1 ⁇ g, 0.05 ⁇ g, 0.01 ⁇ g.
- the volume of composition injected into the brain of adult mice is less than 5 ⁇ l, possibly less than 4 ⁇ l, less than 3 ⁇ l, less than 2 ⁇ l, less than 1 ⁇ l.
- the present invention relates to the use of a nucleic acid / cationic polymer complex for the preparation of a composition intended for targeting stem cells.
- ventricular of the adult brain of an animal characterized in that the quantity of said nucleic acid present in said composition is adapted as a function of the volume of the cerebral ventricle of said animal and determined in proportion to the quantity used to target the stem cells of the brain of adult mice, the concentration of said nucleic acid present in the ventricle of said animal being less than or equal to that used for targeting the stem cells of the brain of adult mice.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a nucleic acid / cationic polymer complex for the preparation of a composition intended for targeting ventricular stem cells of the adult brain, characterized in that the volume of said composition is adapted as a function of the volume. of the cerebral ventricle of said animal and is determined in proportion to the volume used to target the stem cells of the brain of adult mice.
- the cell targeted by the compound of the present invention is a eukaryotic cell from an animal.
- the animal according to the invention is a vertebrate, more preferably a mammal, preferably chosen from the group composed of mice, rats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, cattle, goats, sheep, horses, primates, including humans.
- the animal is a human, the brain stem cell being a human cell.
- the animal is a mouse and the stem cell is a murine cell.
- the present invention is not limited only to the targeting of brain stem cells, but also to brain cells which are not in the post-mitotic state and which are capable of dividing; in this connection, mention may be made of brain tumor cells, such as, for example, gliomas, astrocytomas.
- the introduction of said composition is carried out stereotaxically.
- any means making it possible to deliver the composition of the invention close to or in the stem cells of the brain can be envisaged; in this regard, mention should be made of all the targeting systems across the blood / brain barrier by the systemic route.
- said cationic polymer is chosen from the group composed of polycationic polymers such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine, polyamidoamine, polyamine, block copolymers (Read et al., 2000; Oupicky et al., 2000; Wolfert et al., 1999), and polyamidoamine dendrimers (Tang et al., 1996; Plank et al., 1999).
- the polycationic polymer is polyethyleneimine (PEI).
- it is PEI of low molecular weight, more preferably, it is PEI having an average molecular weight less than or equal to 88 kDa, less than or equal to 44 kDa, less than or equal to 35 kDa , less than or equal to 30 kDa, less than or equal to 22 kDa, less than or equal to 11 kDa. Even more preferably, the PEI used is a PEI 22 kDa (EXG ⁇ NE 500 ®, EUROMETEX Soufflemeyersheim, France).
- cationic polymers can optionally be used such as nucleic acid binding proteins, among which mention should be made of histones, protamine, ornithine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine.
- nucleic acid binding proteins among which mention should be made of histones, protamine, ornithine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine.
- grafting the cationic polymer with proteins, antibodies or ligands of membrane receptors making it possible to specifically target cells by facilitating the internalization of the complexes.
- the nucleic acid / cationic polymer complex according to the invention is intended for the preparation of a medicament intended for the treatment of neurodegenerative and / or demyelinating diseases.
- diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, multiple sclerosis.
- the complex according to the invention can also be used for the preparation of a medicament intended to modify the fate of brain stem cells and / or to increase the survival of brain stem cells.
- said nucleic acid is chosen from single-strand DNA, double-strand DNA, single-strand RNA, double-strand RNA, RNA / DNA hybrid.
- said nucleic acid is double-stranded DNA or single-stranded RNA which codes at least for a protein product of interest which is expressed effectively in said stem cell. of the brain.
- Said protein product of interest is chosen from the group composed of pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic proteins, survival factors, differentiation factors, cytokines, lymphokines, interleukins, growth factors, transcription factors , killer proteins, recombinases, integrases, transposases, enzymes involved in nucleic acids, proteins "report”.
- pro or anti-apoptotic proteins which may or may not be involved in the mitochondrial pathway
- said protein product of interest is the BclX L protein.
- interleukins, cytokines and lymphokines are chosen from a group preferably composed of interleukins 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4, 11-5, 11-6, 11-7, 11-8, 11- 9, 11-10, 11-11, 11-12, 11-13, 11-14, 11-15,
- the growth factors are preferably the epithelial growth factor (EGF, Epithelial Gro th Factor), the fibroblast growth factor (FGF, Fibroblast Growth Factor and bFGF, basic fibroblast Growth Factor), the platelet-derived growth factor ( PGDF, Platelet Derived Growth Factor), Nerve Growth Factor (NGF, Nerve Growth Factor), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Derived Growth Factor glia (Glial Derived Growth Factor); colony stimulating factors (such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF) and erythropoietin should also be mentioned. Mention should also be made of the growth factors which interact by inhibiting them, with nuclear transcription factors such as NF-K ⁇ .
- transcription factors which make it possible to direct the expression of a gene in a particular cell type or at a given point in the differentiation of brain cells and it is worth mentioning the factors of transcription particularly involved in the differentiation of neuronal cells, such as neurogenins, and glial cells, such as GCM (Glial Cell Missing).
- neuronal cells such as neurogenins, and glial cells, such as GCM (Glial Cell Missing).
- GCM Glial Cell Missing
- a nucleic acid molecule which codes for a protein product of interest chosen from killer proteins among the killer proteins, mention should be made of kinases, and preferably thymidine kinase, and pro-apoptotic proteins; the term “pro-apoptotic proteins” is intended to denote the proteins which intervene in apoptosis or promote apoptosis.
- pro-apoptotic proteins mention should be made of the proteins BIK (“Bcl2-interacting protein”), BAX (Oltvai et al. 1993), BAK (Chittenden et al.
- protein recombinase is meant the recombinases of the integrase family which catalyze the excision, insertion, inversion or translocation of DNA fragments at specific recognition sites for said recombinases (Sternberg et al ., 1986; Sauer, et al., 1990; Barbonis et al., 1993; Kilby et al., 1993; Sauer, 1994; Denisen et al., 1995). These recombinases are active in animal cells (Sauer, 1994).
- the protein recombinase of the invention is preferably selected from the group of site-specific recombinases composed of the recombinase Cre of bacteriophage PI, the recombinase FLP of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the recombinase R of pSR1 of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, the recombinase A of pKDl of Kluyveromyces drosophilarium, recombinase A from pKWl from Kluyveromyces wal tii, integrase ⁇ Int, recombinase from the GIN recombination system of phage Mu, or a variant thereof.
- the recombinase is the Cre recombinase (“cyclization recombination”) which is a 38 KDa integrase from bacteriophage Pi which catalyzes, in the absence of cofactors, the recombination between two DNA sequences of 34 base pairs called "loxP site” (Sauer et al., 1990).
- Cre recombination a 38 KDa integrase from bacteriophage Pi which catalyzes, in the absence of cofactors, the recombination between two DNA sequences of 34 base pairs called "loxP site" (Sauer et al., 1990).
- the position on one or more DNA molecules, and the orientation of loxP sites with respect to each other, determine the type of function of the Cre recombinase: excision, insertion, inversion or translocation.
- the Cre recombinase activity is an inversion when two loxP sites are head to tail on the same DNA fragment and an excision, when the loxP sites are in direct repetition on the same DNA fragment.
- the recombinase activity is an insertion when a loxP site is present on a DNA fragment, a DNA molecule such as a plasmid containing a loxP site can be inserted at said loxP site. Cre recombinase can also induce translocation between two chromosomes provided that a loxP site is present on each of them (Babinet, 1995).
- the Cre recombinase is therefore capable of catalyzing the recombination between one or more different DNA molecules, provided that they carry loxP sites. It is therefore one of the objects of the present invention to use a nucleic acid / PEI complex for targeting stem cells to introduce therein a vector expressing the site-specific recombinase, in which the site-specific recombinase, encoded, is expressed. by said nucleic acid, to catalyze the recombination of a DNA fragment from the genome of said brain stem cell.
- transposases mention should be made of the patented “transposon sleeping beauty” system (Kay and al. , 2000) or any other system making it possible to introduce, by co-transfection, a plasmid with IR (“Inverted Repeat”) sequences framing a nucleic acid sequence of interest with another plasmid expression vector for a transposase specific for IR sequences.
- IR Inverted Repeat
- Such transposases catalyze the transposition and / or integration of a DNA sequence of interest into the genome of said stem cell; this DNA sequence of interest can be introduced into said cell using the complex according to the invention.
- RNA polymerase-DNA RNA polymerase-DNA. dependent, reverse transcriptases.
- the nucleic acid molecule is an antisense RNA, a double-stranded RNA, or a DNA / RNA chimera; Such RNA molecules can be used to inhibit the expression of a protein product of interest.
- the compound according to the invention has multiple applications depending on the nature of the DNA sequence. These multiple applications are easily conceivable by a person skilled in the art and cannot be mentioned in an exhaustive manner. Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that the protein of interest encoded by the nucleic acid, or the antisense RNA, can be used to alter the expression of at least one cellular or mitochondrial gene, that is in other words, to decrease, to increase, to modulate, to annihilate the expression of said gene.
- the protein of interest may also be used to induce expression of at least one gene of interest, in this case the a protein of interest is preferably a transcription factor.
- the protein of interest is a “report” protein.
- reporter proteins it should be mentioned in a non-exhaustive manner, luciferase, green fluorescence protein (GFP, for Green fluorescence protein), ⁇ -galactosidase ( ⁇ -gal), chloramphenicol-acetyl-transferase (CAT).
- GFP green fluorescence protein
- ⁇ -gal ⁇ -galactosidase
- CAT chloramphenicol-acetyl-transferase
- Such "report” proteins can be used to track the fate of stem cells in the brain. It is therefore one of the objects of the present invention to use the complex according to the invention to target brain stem cells, in which the nucleic acid codes for a “report” protein or constitutes a signal generator marker, in order to to enable the detection, localization and imaging of brain stem cells.
- the nucleic acid constitutes a signal generator marker when the latter is marked by radioactive isotopes or by non-isotopic entities;
- the non-isotopic entities can be selected from enzymes, dyes, haptens, luminescent agents such as radioluminescent, chemiluminescent, bioluminescent, fluorescent, phosphorescent agents, ligands such as biotin, avidin, streptavidin, digoxygenin .
- the methods for revealing and detecting these markers are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the present invention therefore provides an efficient system which enables active or passive transport of the nucleic acid molecule through the cytoplasmic cell membrane, transport to the nucleus, entry into the nucleus and maintenance of the functional state of this molecule in the nucleus.
- the persistence of the expression of the protein product encoded by the DNA molecule is obtained either by the stable integration of the DNA molecule into the chromosomal DNA of the target cell, or by maintaining the DNA molecule under the episomal form. For certain applications, transient expression with a plasmid in episomal form may suffice to obtain the desired results.
- the subject of the invention is also a process for obtaining an animal, with the exception of humans, at least one brain stem cell of which has undergone at least one site-specific recombination event targeted at the level of 'a DNA sequence of interest, characterized in that said method comprises the steps of:
- DNA sequence (s) of interest located in one or more chromosomes by homologous recombination; (b) introducing said modified totipotent embryonic stem cell into an embryo of said organism; (c) selection of individuals who have integrated genetic modification into germ cells;
- step (d) development of said animal;
- step (e) introduction of at least one said nucleic acid / cationic polymer complex into the brain of said animal obtained in step (d) near or in ventricular stem cells, said nucleic acid coding at least for a recombinase protein capable of catalyzing recombination between said recognition sequences of said recombinase;
- At least one second nucleic acid / cationic polymer complex can be introduced into the brain of said animal in step (e), said second nucleic acid is a gene of interest as previously described.
- said second nucleic acid is a gene of interest as previously described.
- the invention also relates to another mode of production of an animal, with the exception of man, at least one cell with a high mitotic power of the brain, preferably a stem cell of the brain, has undergone at least one site-specific recombination event targeted at a DNA sequence of interest, characterized in that said method comprises the steps of: a) obtaining a modified somatic cell by inserting recognition site (s) of said protein recombinase into said DNA sequence (s) of interest located in one or more chromosome (s), by homologous recombination ; b) transfer of the nucleus of said modified somatic cell into the cytoplasm of an enucleated recipient oocyte (nuclear cloning); c) development of the embryo obtained in step b); d) introduction of at least one said nucleic acid / cationic polymer complex into the brain of said animal obtained in step (c) near or in ventricular stem cells, said nucleic acid coding at least for a protein recombina
- the insertion of the specific recognition sites, in particular of the LoxP site (s) for the Cre recombinase in the DNA sequence of interest is preferably done by homologous recombination; according to another embodiment, it can be performed randomly.
- the invention also relates to a process for obtaining an animal intended for the screening of compounds intended to modify the fate of stem cells of the brain, characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
- said complex is introduced by intraventricular stereotaxic route; the nucleic acid of said complex is preferably double-stranded DNA which integrates into the genome of brain stem cells.
- said nucleic acid is a double-stranded nucleic acid which is present in the episomal state, in this case, the nucleic sequence may be capable of self-replicating and may or may not be amplified extra -chromosomique.
- the nucleic acid of the complex according to the invention is introduced in the form of an expression vector.
- vector we mean a nucleotide sequence capable of being transcribed.
- the vector may in particular be a bacterial plasmid DNA, a cosmid, phage DNA, viral DNA, in particular of retroviruses or adeno-associated viruses, a mini-chromosome (BAC, YAC, HAC, etc.). .), a transposon.
- the vector or one of its fragments comprises at least one gene coding for a protein of interest or an RNA antisense, and a promoter or expression elements making it possible to direct and control the expression of said protein of interest or of said antisense RNA in at least one stem cell of the brain of said organism.
- the expression vector further comprises signals for initiating and terminating translation, as well as suitable regions for regulating transcription. These different control signals are chosen according to the cell type.
- expression elements is meant all the DNA sequences involved in the regulation of gene expression, that is to say the minimal promoter sequence, the upstream sequences, the activator sequences (“enhancers”), possibly the inhibitor sequences (“silencers”), the “insulator” sequences.
- tissue-specific expression elements or tissue-specific promoters are chosen from promoters which make it possible to obtain a specific, and preferably strong, expression in one or more cell (s), tissue (s), type (s) cell (s), of the brain and in particular in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, glial cells. These promoters may or may not be heterologous to the organism and may or may not be naturally present in the genome of the organism.
- tissue-specific promoters By way of nonlimiting example of tissue-specific promoters, mention may be made of the promoter of the “Myelin Basic Protein” (MBP) gene specific for oligodendrocytes, the promoter of the gene coding for neuron-specific Enolase (NSE) specific for neurons.
- MBP Myelin Basic Protein
- NSE neuron-specific Enolase
- the expression elements consist of inducible promoters such as for example the tetracycline system (Goossen et al, 1992).
- the invention also relates to a method for screening for compounds intended to modify the fate of stem cells of the brain, characterized in that it comprises the steps:
- the compound capable of being obtained by the above process can be used for the preparation of a medicament intended for the treatment of neurodegenerative and / or demyelinating diseases.
- Figure 1 Distribution and morphology of cells expressing ⁇ -galactosidase after intraventricular injection of CMV-LacZ / PEI complexes.
- Panel A shows a composite view of the distribution of positive cells observed in six independent experiments.
- Transfected cells are particularly abundant in the striatal part of the lateral ventricles where they can be found in the anterior and posterior subventricular zone (SVZ) (C).
- Groups of positive cells are also present in the hippocampal region (hp) of the posterior lateral ventricle (C, C) and along the third ventricle
- H 40 ⁇ m; (D), 100 ⁇ m; (E-G and P), 20 ⁇ m.
- ep ependyma; hip, seahorse; lu, lateral ventricle; svz, subventricular area.
- Figure 2 Expression of GFAP and Nestine in transfected cells. Sections (8 ⁇ m) of brain of adult mouse transfected, one week before being sacrificed, with CMV-LacZ / PEI complexes.
- the sections were doubly colored in order to detect the expression of Lac Z and of GFAP (A, B) or of Lac Z and of Nestine (C, D).
- ⁇ -galactosidase positive cells are only present in GFAP and Nestine expression regions. At higher magnification, it appears that at least in some cells, GFAP
- Figure 3 Ultrastructural analysis of the SVZ one week after the intra-ventricular injection of CMV-LacZ / PEI complex.
- the sections are stained with BluoGal to reveal the expression of the transgene (cell circled in black).
- Figure 4 Transfection by DNA / PEI complexes of cells with slow and rapid division in the SVZ.
- mice were treated with BrdU according to different protocols in order to identify cells in the slow and fast dividing SVZ.
- mice are treated with BrdU continuously for three weeks before being transfected and then sacrificed; in this case, all dividing cells incorporate the BrdU.
- mice are treated for eighteen days with BrdU then by a purge period of three days without treatment with BrdU, before being analyzed.
- the slow-dividing cells are marked intensely with anti-BrdU antibodies, while the fast-dividing cells exhibit less intense BrdU signal labeling since they continue to divide during the purge period.
- mice only received a four-day treatment with BrdU; in this case, the rapidly dividing neuroblasts are positively labeled with BrdU. In all cases, the transduction of the cells is carried out in areas of intense cell proliferation.
- Figure 5 Bcl-Xj transfection. in SVZ prolongs the survival of transfected cells.
- BclX L allows a change in the expression profile of the Lac reporter gene to be observed one week after injection.
- the plasmid CMV-GFP was cotransfected by intraventricular injection with a control plasmid or with the plasmid CMV-Bcl -X L. Immunodetection of the activated form of Caspase-3 was carried out on sections with cryostat (10 ⁇ m). The immunopositive cells were counted from 0.8 to 1.2 mm from the anterior part to bregma for each animal. The number of positive cells is reduced significantly in animals transfected with CMV-Bcl -X Dd compared to control animals injected or not injected (A) or not injected (see text). The means + SD (SD: standard deviation) are presented, with n> 4 animals per group.
- CMV-CRE is transfected by a single intraventricular injection in R26R mice and the lacZ expression resulting from the recombination is observed 3 months after injection. Many lacZ-expressing cells can be detected at distances of 250 ⁇ m from the subventricular area. IV, lateral ventricle. Bar: 50 ⁇ m.
- the purified DNA without endotoxin, is prepared using affinity columns (Genomed, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA). The DNA is washed with 70% ethanol, resuspended in Tris-EDTA buffer, and stored at 4 ° C.
- plasmids comprising either the coding sequence of ⁇ -galactosidase for the histological study, or the coding sequence of firefly luciferase (Photinus pyralis) for biochemical quantification of transgene expression. Both genes are under the control of the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and obtained from Vical Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
- CMV Cytomegalovirus
- the inventors constructed the expression vector pCMV-.Bcl-.Xj , containing the gene coding for the chicken protein Bcl-X L under the control of the CMV promoter in the plasmid pcDNA 3 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was built in the laboratory (Sachs et al., 1997).
- the plasmid DNA is diluted in 5% glucose at the desired concentration and then complexed with the appropriate amount of linear PEI 22 Kd (ratio of 6 between the protonable amines of PEI and the DNA phosphates, knowing that 1 ⁇ l of PEI 1M represents 1000 nmol of protonal amines and 1 ⁇ g of DNA represents 3 nmol of phosphates).
- the complex solution is injected into the lateral ventricle (0.2 mm posterior to the bregma line, 1.1 mm laterally from the saggital suture and 2.2 mm deep relative to the surface of the skull) of mice approximately two years old months, anesthetized with Pentobarbital (Sanofi 65 mg / kg). The injection needle is left in place for at least 10 minutes.
- mice are sacrificed, the brains are dissected and post-fixed in 2% Paraformaldehyde.
- the ⁇ -galactosidase reaction is carried out on vibratome sections (50 ⁇ m) by immersion in an X-Gal solution at 30 ° C for five hours (0.4 mg / ml X-gal, Genaxis, Montigny le Bretonneux, France). After staining, the sections are mounted on gelatin slides. BrdU labeling is observed on parafin sections (5 ⁇ m) with an anti-BrdU mouse monoclonal antibody (Dako) at a 1:50 dilution in PBS with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA).
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- the primary antibody is raised with a biotinylated anti-mouse antibody before its application to prevent endogenous reactivity (Dako Kit ARK).
- the antigenic sites are unmasked by two microwave cycles (5 min. At 750W in a 10 mMol citrate buffer). Staining is then completed by incubation with peroxidase coupled to streptavidin and the reaction is carried out in the presence of diaminobenzidine as chromogenic substrate (Dako Kit ARK).
- the primary anti-GFAP monoclonal antibody (Boehringer) is used at 1: 400 on parafin sections and detected as previously with the revelation system coupled with peroxidase (Dako Kit ARK).
- the primary anti-Nestine monoclonal antibody (Chemicon) is used at 1: 500 on cryostat sections (10 ⁇ m) and detected as previously with the revelation system coupled with peroxidase (Dako Kit ARK).
- mice treated with BrdU for three weeks are injected with the expression vector LacZ complexed with PEI, sacrificed four days post-injection, perfused with 3% paraformaldehyde and 0.2% glutaraldehyde.
- the brains are dissected and postfixed. Sections are made using a vibratome (90 ⁇ m) and stained with a solution of BluoGal substrate (Gibco) for five hours at 30 ° C.
- the sections are rinsed with cacodylate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.2; Prolabo) and the aldehyde groups are blocked with NHC1 50mMol (Merck).
- the sections After rinsing with a veronal buffer (pH6), the sections are contrasted with a 0.5% uranyl acetate solution (Fluka) in the same buffer, then dehydrated in a series of baths with an increasing ethanol gradient . The sections are finally included in an LRWhite resin (Sigma).
- LRWhite resin Sigma
- the immunodetection of BrdU and GFAP are carried out on the same face of the grid carrying the tissue.
- the sections are incubated for thirty minutes in a saturation buffer (Sorensen buffer with bovine serum albumin (BSA) 1%).
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- the primary antibodies, rabbit polyclonal anti-GFAP at 1: 750 (Dako) and anti-BrdU mouse monoclonal at 1:25 (Caltag) are applied to the tissue in the Sorensen buffer containing 0.2% BSA and 0.025% Tween 20 (overnight at 4 ° C).
- the secondary antibodies anti-rabbit goat IgG and anti-mouse goat IgG coupled to gold beads of 20 and 10 nm respectively, are applied to the specimens at a dilution of 1:50.
- the counterstain corresponds to a fifteen-minute treatment in 4% uranyl acetate.
- the sections are observed at 75 kV with a Hitachi H7100 electron microscope.
- the inventors selected the sections corresponding to the vibratome (100 ⁇ m ). Blue cells are counted on six different brains to calculate the average number of cells for each site of expression of the transgene. Representative regions of the sections are chosen to be drawn on each of the coronal representations making up the cartography.
- the R26R mouse line exhibits constitutive ⁇ -Gal expression in all cells where recombination by CRE recombinase takes place (Soriano, 1999). Thus, this provides an ideal system for long-term monitoring of the expression of a reporter gene expressing itself following the transfection of the CRE gene by the gene transfer using PEI.
- CM1 polyclonal rabbit antibody, CM1 which specifically recognizes the pl8 subunit of cleaved Caspase-3 (given by the company IDUN
- Caspase-3 is an effector caspase (Budihardjo et al., 1999) which acts downstream of Bcl -X L in post-mitotic neurons and which independently regulates apoptosis in neural stem cells of the subventricular zone in the new - born mouse (Roth et al., 2000).
- the inhibitory action of Bcl -X L on programmed cell death must be reflected in a reduction in the number of cells expressing active Caspase-3 in the subventricular zone.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/381,185 US7795031B2 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2001-09-21 | Use of a nucleic acid/PEI complex |
EP01972186A EP1318838A1 (fr) | 2000-09-22 | 2001-09-21 | Utilisation d'un complexe acide nucleique/pei |
AU2001291975A AU2001291975A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 | 2001-09-21 | Use of a nucleic acid/pei complex |
CA002423703A CA2423703A1 (fr) | 2000-09-22 | 2001-09-21 | Utilisation d'un complexe acide nucleique/pei |
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FR0012126A FR2814370B1 (fr) | 2000-09-22 | 2000-09-22 | Utilisation d'un complexe acide nucleique/pei pour le ciblage de cellules souches du cerveau |
FR0012126 | 2000-09-22 |
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WO2002024231A1 true WO2002024231A1 (fr) | 2002-03-28 |
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PCT/FR2001/002952 WO2002024231A1 (fr) | 2000-09-22 | 2001-09-21 | Utilisation d'un complexe acide nucleique/pei |
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US (1) | US7795031B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1318838A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001291975A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2423703A1 (fr) |
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JP5153072B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-18 | 2013-02-27 | 独立行政法人国立循環器病研究センター | ベクター |
BRPI0617254A2 (pt) * | 2005-01-12 | 2011-07-19 | Cancer Rec Tech Ltd | "oligonucleotìdeo de filamento único, composição farmacêutica, métodos para estimular a atividade de tlr7 em uma célula que expressa tlr7, para estimular a atividade de tlr8 em uma célula que expressa tlr8, e, para estimular uma resposta imune em um paciente |
US8574567B2 (en) | 2007-05-03 | 2013-11-05 | The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. | Multipotent stem cells and uses thereof |
EP2155860B1 (fr) | 2007-05-03 | 2014-08-27 | The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc. | Cellules souches multipotentes et leurs utilisations |
FR2928373B1 (fr) | 2008-03-05 | 2010-12-31 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Polymere derive de la polyethylenimine lineaire pour le transfert de gene. |
US20160303242A1 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2016-10-20 | Durect Corporation | Pharmaceutically Active Agent Complexes, Polymer Complexes, and Compositions and Methods Involving the Same |
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2000
- 2000-09-22 FR FR0012126A patent/FR2814370B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-09-21 WO PCT/FR2001/002952 patent/WO2002024231A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2001-09-21 CA CA002423703A patent/CA2423703A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-21 EP EP01972186A patent/EP1318838A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-21 AU AU2001291975A patent/AU2001291975A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-21 US US10/381,185 patent/US7795031B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CA2423703A1 (fr) | 2002-03-28 |
FR2814370A1 (fr) | 2002-03-29 |
AU2001291975A1 (en) | 2002-04-02 |
US7795031B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
US20050101552A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
FR2814370B1 (fr) | 2004-08-20 |
EP1318838A1 (fr) | 2003-06-18 |
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