WO2002018816A1 - Device for absorbing impact force - Google Patents

Device for absorbing impact force Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002018816A1
WO2002018816A1 PCT/DE2001/003294 DE0103294W WO0218816A1 WO 2002018816 A1 WO2002018816 A1 WO 2002018816A1 DE 0103294 W DE0103294 W DE 0103294W WO 0218816 A1 WO0218816 A1 WO 0218816A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
deformation
elements
impact force
deformation elements
opening
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2001/003294
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Markus Gramlich
Original Assignee
Dynotec Gesellschaft Zur Entwicklung Innovativer Technologien Prof. Reinhold Geilsdörfer, Markus Gramlich, Josef Schäffer Gbr
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Application filed by Dynotec Gesellschaft Zur Entwicklung Innovativer Technologien Prof. Reinhold Geilsdörfer, Markus Gramlich, Josef Schäffer Gbr filed Critical Dynotec Gesellschaft Zur Entwicklung Innovativer Technologien Prof. Reinhold Geilsdörfer, Markus Gramlich, Josef Schäffer Gbr
Publication of WO2002018816A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002018816A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for absorbing impact energy by permanent deformation and / or destruction of a deformation element.
  • Devices of the specified type are used primarily in motor vehicles in order to absorb part of the impact energy in the event of a motor vehicle colliding with an obstacle and to keep the impact forces acting on the vehicle small.
  • a deformation element is known from DE 1 96 27 061 A1, which comprises a tube section consisting of carbon fibers and aramid fibers, which can be deformed according to the inverting principle for energy conversion.
  • a component with a concave groove, which defines the outer turning radius is connected to the free pipe end.
  • the edge of the pipe section is chamfered towards the fillet, which reduces the initial circumferential force when the pipe section is deformed.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned, which is characterized by a low weight, ease of manufacture and good IV material utilization and which enables a favorable force-displacement characteristic.
  • the deformation element has an opening which tapers in the direction of the impact force, into which engages a pressure body which tapers in the same direction and which, under the effect of the impact force, has its tapered end first against the deformation resistance of the Deformation elements can be moved into its opening.
  • the device according to the invention has a plurality of deformation elements arranged in series one behind the other, each one in the direction of Impact force tapering opening and a tapered lateral surface in the same direction, the tapered end of a deformation element engaging in the tapering opening in the same direction of the following deformation element and the deformation elements are movable under the action of the impact force while overcoming their deformation resistance.
  • the level of force and the force-displacement curve when a shock is received can be influenced by the shape, size, strength and number of the deformation elements and by the material used for their production.
  • the designer therefore has many options for adapting the device according to the invention to the requirements of the respective application, and it is thereby possible for him to serve a wide range of different applications with the device according to the invention.
  • the shape of the deformation elements the energy absorption can be greatly influenced, in particular, by the choice of the angle of inclination of the openings and the lateral surfaces of the deformation elements.
  • the angles of inclination of the openings and the lateral surfaces can be constant or can also increase or decrease as seen in the longitudinal direction in order to influence the force-displacement characteristic in the sense of a linear, progressive or degressive curve.
  • the outer surfaces and the bore surfaces of the deformation elements and the outer surface of the pressure body are preferably designed to be rotationally symmetrical. However, they can also be designed differently and, for example, have an elliptical or polygonal cross section.
  • the pressure body can also be designed as a deformation element.
  • Fiber composite materials are preferably used to produce the deformation elements, but metals and metal alloys as well as for individual parts of the device, e.g. the pressure element, metal foams into consideration.
  • the mutually assigned deformation elements can be connected to one another and optionally to a pressure element in a frictionally or materially connected manner.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention can also consist in that the pressure body and the deformation element assigned to it or mutually assigned deformation elements on both sides of a common carrier Elements are attached, which is also deformable or destructible under the action of an impact force. Tissue and other fiber composites, foils, papers or cardboards can be used as carrier elements.
  • a plurality of deformation elements arranged one behind the other and interlocking can be surrounded on the inside and / or outside by an enveloping body.
  • the enveloping body can be closed or designed as a cage.
  • the enveloping body preferably consists of a more elastomeric material.
  • the space inside the openings of the deformation elements can also be filled with a compressible filling material, for example a foam.
  • a plurality of deformation elements or pressure elements can be arranged next to one another, which form a first surface element, and these deformation elements or pressure elements can be assigned correspondingly arranged deformation elements which are arranged next to one another and which form a second form the first surface element equidistant surface element.
  • Such an arrangement which can also be expanded by further equidistant surface elements of the same type, can be used to easily form shock-absorbing zones which extend over surfaces of any design. It is also advantageous here if the pressure bodies or deformation elements of the individual surface elements are connected to one another by a carrier element.
  • a particularly simple and cost-effective design of such a flat damping structure can consist, according to the invention, in that the deformation elements of a surface element are jointly formed by forming from sheet metal or a film as the starting material, the deformation elements being connected to one another by sections of the sheet metal or the film which bridge gaps between the deformation elements.
  • the device according to the invention is suitable on the one hand for producing shock absorbers, impact absorbers or crash elements which are used in motor vehicles, and on the other hand for producing shock-absorbing deformation zones of vehicles which are arranged in front of or behind a passenger cell designed as a dimensionally stable space.
  • the deformation elements connected in series become effective at the same time, differences in the energy absorption behavior of the individual elements being leveled and steep changes in the force profile being avoided.
  • the device according to the invention enables a modular construction, which is particularly advantageous for individual applications, in that, depending on the requirement, prefabricated deformation elements are connected to one another in a suitable number and size.
  • Figure 1 intended for installation in the nose of a racing vehicle
  • FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention with a degressive force-displacement characteristic
  • FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention with a progressive force-displacement
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a device according to the invention formed from a plurality of deformation elements arranged side by side and one above the other.
  • the device shown in Figure 1 consists of a pressure element 1 and four deformation elements 2, 3, 4, 5, which are arranged in series one behind the other.
  • the pressure element 1 has the shape of a circular truncated cone with a raised curved base surface 6, a lateral surface 7 and a flat head surface 8.
  • the deformation elements 2 to 5 are designed as truncated cone-like rings, the conical lateral surfaces 21, 31, 41, 51 and tapered bore surfaces equidistant from them 22, 32, 42, 52.
  • the deformation elements have 2 to 5 blunt conical ring surfaces on the end faces.
  • the axial length of the deformation elements 2 to 5 is essentially the same. However, their average diameter increases with the distance from the pressure element 1.
  • the pressure element 1 and the deformation elements 2 to 5 are arranged axially one behind the other in the same direction in such a way that the end of one element facing the cone tip projects into the end of the following element facing away from the cone tip and with a portion of its lateral surface 7, 21, 31, 41 on the bore surface 22, 32, 42, 52 of the following deformation element.
  • the elements 1 to 5 can either be connected to one another by frictional contact, but they can also be glued to one another in order to ensure that the elements 1 to 5 can only be moved relative to one another at an initial force given by the shear resistance of the adhesive connection.
  • the elements 1 to 5 are surrounded by an enveloping body 9, which also holds the elements 1 to 5 in their interlocking arrangement, but does not make any significant contribution to energy absorption.
  • the deformation elements 2 to 5 are covered by a hollow envelope body 10.
  • the device described is intended for an arrangement in the front area of a racing sports vehicle and is aligned with its longitudinal axis in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in this application, the pressure element 1 preferably being arranged in the front in the direction of travel. If the vehicle drives against an obstacle, the impact force that occurs is absorbed by the pressure element 1 and transmitted to the rigid driver's cell via the deformation elements 2 to 5. This load pushes the elements 1 to 5 into one another, the deformation elements 2 to 5 being subjected to tensile stress and thereby being stretched and possibly destroyed in their structure. In this process, the impact force is limited to a substantially constant maximum value, which is dimensioned such that the driver's cell is not destroyed.
  • the device shown in FIG. 2 consists of a pressure element 1 and four deformation elements 2 to 5, which partially interlock.
  • the outer surfaces 7, 21, 31, 41, 51 are curved outwards in such a way that their inclination to the longitudinal axis 11 decreases in the direction of the pressure element 1. It is hereby achieved that when the elements 1 to 5 are pressed into one another by an axial impact load, the deformation resistance and thus the transferable impact force decrease with increasing deformation path.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which the lateral surfaces 7, 21, 31, 41, 51 of the elements 1 to 5 are curved inwards, their angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis 11 increases in the direction of the pressure element 1.
  • the bore surfaces 22, 32, 42, 52 cooperating with the lateral surfaces are correspondingly curved outwards. This configuration leads to an increase in the deformation resistance and thus the transmittable impact force with an increasing deformation path.
  • the device consists of three surface elements 100, 200, 300, which are each formed from 16 deformation elements 110, 201, 301 arranged in the same direction next to one another.
  • the deformation elements 1 01, 201, 301 are connected to one another by flat support elements 400, 500, which each extend between the surface elements 100, 200 and 300.
  • the deformation elements 101, 201, 301 are designed as frustoconical rings and are arranged in the same direction, the deformation elements of one surface element each being arranged coaxially with the deformation elements of the other two surface elements.
  • the deformation elements 101, 201, 301 differ from surface element to surface element, but they can also be the same.
  • Each surface element 1 00, 200 or 300 can in turn consist of the same or different deformation elements.
  • the device is intended to absorb impact forces in the axial direction of the deformation elements.
  • the deformation elements are pressed into one another under the action of such a force, penetrating the support elements 400, 500 separating them, whereby they are deformed and, depending on the magnitude of the force, more or less destroyed. Effective energy absorption is achieved in this way.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for absorbing impact force by residual deformation and/or the destruction of deformation elements (2, 3, 4, 5). According to the invention, a deformation element (2) is provided with an opening which tapers inward in the direction of the impact force, and a pressure element (1) which tapers inward in the same direction is engaged therein. Under the effect of the impact force, the tapered end of said pressure element can move forward inside the opening of the deformation element counter to the resistance thereof. Several deformation elements (3, 4, 5) which are successively arranged in a row are joined to the deformation element and are respectively provided with an opening which tapers inward in the direction of the impact force and with a lateral surface which tapers inward in the same direction. The tapered end of a deformation element engages into the opening of the following deformation element tapering inward in the same direction. The deformation elements (2, 3, 4, 5) can overcome their deformation resistance and move into each other under the effect of an impact force.

Description

Vorrichtung zur Absorption von Stoßenergie Impact energy absorption device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Absorption von Stoßenergie durch bleibende Verformung und/oder Zerstörung eines Deformationselements.The invention relates to a device for absorbing impact energy by permanent deformation and / or destruction of a deformation element.
Vorrichtungen der angegebenen Art werden vor allem im Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet, um im Falle eines Aufpralls eines Kraftfahrzeugs auf ein Hindernis einen Teil der Stoßenergie zu absorbieren und die auf das Fahrzeug einwirkenden Stoßkräfte klein zu halten.Devices of the specified type are used primarily in motor vehicles in order to absorb part of the impact energy in the event of a motor vehicle colliding with an obstacle and to keep the impact forces acting on the vehicle small.
Aus DE 1 96 27 061 A1 ist ein Deformationselement bekannt, das einen aus Koh- lestoffasern und Aramidfasem bestehenden Rohrabschnitt umfaßt, welcher zur Energieumwandlung nach dem Stülpprinzip verformbar ist. Zur Einleitung des Umstülpvorgangs schließt sich an das freie Rohrende ein Bauteil mit einer konkaven, den äußeren Stülpradius bestimmenden Hohlkehle an. Der Rand des Rohrab- Schnitts ist in Richtung zur Hohlkehle hin abgeschrägt, wodurch die anfängliche Umfangskraft beim Verformen des Rohrabschnitts reduziert wird.A deformation element is known from DE 1 96 27 061 A1, which comprises a tube section consisting of carbon fibers and aramid fibers, which can be deformed according to the inverting principle for energy conversion. To initiate the everting process, a component with a concave groove, which defines the outer turning radius, is connected to the free pipe end. The edge of the pipe section is chamfered towards the fillet, which reduces the initial circumferential force when the pipe section is deformed.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welche sich durch ein geringes Gewicht, eine einfache Herstellbarkeit und eine gute IVlaterialausnutzung auszeichnet und welche eine günstige Kraft- Wege-Kennlinie ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned, which is characterized by a low weight, ease of manufacture and good IV material utilization and which enables a favorable force-displacement characteristic.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Vorrichtung gelöst, bei welcher das Deformationselement eine sich in Richtung der Stoßkraft verjüngende Öffnung aufweist, in die ein sich in die gleiche Richtung verjüngender Druckkörper eingreift, der unter der Wirkung der Stoßkraft mit seinem verjüngten Ende voran gegen den Verformungswiderstand des Deformationselements in dessen Öffnung hinein bewegbar ist.This object is achieved according to the invention by a device in which the deformation element has an opening which tapers in the direction of the impact force, into which engages a pressure body which tapers in the same direction and which, under the effect of the impact force, has its tapered end first against the deformation resistance of the Deformation elements can be moved into its opening.
Vorzugsweise weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mehrere, in Reihe hintereinander angeordnete Deformationselemente mit jeweils einer sich in Richtung der Stoßkraft verjüngenden Öffnung und einer sich in der gleichen Richtung verjüngenden Mantelfläche auf, wobei das verjüngte Ende eines Deformationselements in die sich in der gleichen Richtung verjüngende Öffnung des folgenden Deformationselements eingreift und die Deformationselemente unter der Wirkung der Stoßkraft bei gleichzeitiger Überwindung ihres Verformungswiderstands ineinander bewegbar sind.Preferably, the device according to the invention has a plurality of deformation elements arranged in series one behind the other, each one in the direction of Impact force tapering opening and a tapered lateral surface in the same direction, the tapered end of a deformation element engaging in the tapering opening in the same direction of the following deformation element and the deformation elements are movable under the action of the impact force while overcoming their deformation resistance.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann das Kraftniveau und der Kraft-Weg- Verlauf bei der Aufnahme eines Stoßes durch die Formgestalt, Größe, Festigkeit und Anzahl der Deformationselemente sowie durch das zu ihrer Herstellung verwendete Material beeinflußt werden. Der Konstrukteur hat daher viele Möglichkeiten, um die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung an die Erfordernisse des jeweiligen Anwendungsfalls anzupassen, und es ist ihm dadurch möglich, ein breites Feld unterschiedlicher Anwendungen mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zu bedie- nen. Hinsichtlich der Formgestalt der Deformationselemente kann insbesondere durch die Wahl des Neigungswinkels der Öffnungen und der Mantelflächen der Deformationselemente die Energieabsorption in starkem Maße beeinflußt werden. Die Neigungswinkel der Öffnungen und der Mantelflächen können konstant sein oder auch in Längsrichtung gesehen zunehmen oder abnehmen, um auf diese Weise die Kraft-Weg-Kennlinie im Sinne eines linearen, progressiven oder degressiven Verlaufs zu beeinflussen. Die Mantelflächen und die Bohrungsflächen der Deformationselemente und die Mantelfläche des Druckkörpers werden vorzugsweise rotationssymmetrisch ausgeführt. Sie können aber auch abweichend davon gestaltet sein und beispielsweise einen elliptischen oder vieleckigen Querschnitt haben. Auch der Druckkörper kann als Deformationselement ausgebildet sein.In the device according to the invention, the level of force and the force-displacement curve when a shock is received can be influenced by the shape, size, strength and number of the deformation elements and by the material used for their production. The designer therefore has many options for adapting the device according to the invention to the requirements of the respective application, and it is thereby possible for him to serve a wide range of different applications with the device according to the invention. With regard to the shape of the deformation elements, the energy absorption can be greatly influenced, in particular, by the choice of the angle of inclination of the openings and the lateral surfaces of the deformation elements. The angles of inclination of the openings and the lateral surfaces can be constant or can also increase or decrease as seen in the longitudinal direction in order to influence the force-displacement characteristic in the sense of a linear, progressive or degressive curve. The outer surfaces and the bore surfaces of the deformation elements and the outer surface of the pressure body are preferably designed to be rotationally symmetrical. However, they can also be designed differently and, for example, have an elliptical or polygonal cross section. The pressure body can also be designed as a deformation element.
Zur Herstellung der Deformationselemente werden vorzugsweise Faserverbundstoffe verwendet, es kommen hierfür aber daneben auch Metalle und Metallegierungen sowie für einzelne Teile der Vorrichtung, z.B. das Druckelement, Metall- schäume in Betracht.Fiber composite materials are preferably used to produce the deformation elements, but metals and metal alloys as well as for individual parts of the device, e.g. the pressure element, metal foams into consideration.
Die einander zugeordneten Deformationselemente können miteinander und gegebenenfalls mit einem Druckkörper reibschlüssig oder stoffschlüssig verbunden sein. Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann auch darin bestehen, daß der Druckkörper und das diesem zugeordnete Deformationselement oder einander zugeordnete Deformationselemente auf beiden Seiten eines gemeinsamen Träger- elements befestigt sind, welches unter der Wirkung einer Stoßkraft ebenfalls deformierbar oder zerstörbar ist. Als Trägerelement kommen hierbei Gewebe und andere Faserverbundstoffe, Folien, Papiere oder Pappen in Frage.The mutually assigned deformation elements can be connected to one another and optionally to a pressure element in a frictionally or materially connected manner. An advantageous embodiment of the invention can also consist in that the pressure body and the deformation element assigned to it or mutually assigned deformation elements on both sides of a common carrier Elements are attached, which is also deformable or destructible under the action of an impact force. Tissue and other fiber composites, foils, papers or cardboards can be used as carrier elements.
Nach einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung können mehrere in Reihe hintereinander angeordnete und ineinander greifende Deformationselemente innen und/oder außen von einem Hüllkörper umgeben sein. Der Hüllkörper kann geschlossen oder als Käfig ausgebildet sein. Vorzugsweise besteht der Hüllkörper aus einem elasto- meren Material. Anstelle eines Hüllkörpers kann der Raum innerhalb der Öffnungen der Deformationselemente auch mit einem kompressiblen Füllmaterial, beispielsweise einem Schaumstoff, ausgefüllt sein.According to a further proposal of the invention, a plurality of deformation elements arranged one behind the other and interlocking can be surrounded on the inside and / or outside by an enveloping body. The enveloping body can be closed or designed as a cage. The enveloping body preferably consists of a more elastomeric material. Instead of an enveloping body, the space inside the openings of the deformation elements can also be filled with a compressible filling material, for example a foam.
Zur Bildung einer flächigen, Stoßenergie absorbierenden Struktur können in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung mehrere Deformationselemente oder Druck- körper nebeneinander angeordnet sein, die ein erstes Flächenelement bilden, und diesen Deformationselementen oder Druckkörpern können entsprechend nebeneinander angeordnete Deformationselemente zugeordnet sein, die ein zweites zweites, zum ersten Flächenelement äquidistantes Flächenelement bilden. Durch eine solche Anordnung, die auch durch weitere gleichartige äquidistante Flächenele- mente erweitert werden kann, lassen sich auf einfache Weise stoßabsorbierende Zonen bilden, die sich über beliebig gestaltete Flächen erstrecken. Auch hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Druckkörper oder Deformationselemente der einzelnen Flächenelemente miteinander durch ein Trägerelement verbunden sind. Eine besonders einfache und kostengünstig herstellbare Ausgestaltung einer solchen flä- chigen Dämpfungsstruktur kann erfindungsgemäß darin bestehen, daß die Deformationselemente eines Flächenelements gemeinsam durch Umformen aus einem Blech oder einer Folie als Ausgangsmaterial gebildet sind, wobei die Deformationselemente untereinander durch Abschnitte des Blechs oder der Folie verbunden sind, welche Zwischenräume zwischen den Deformationselementen überbrücken.To form a flat structure absorbing impact energy, in a further embodiment of the invention, a plurality of deformation elements or pressure elements can be arranged next to one another, which form a first surface element, and these deformation elements or pressure elements can be assigned correspondingly arranged deformation elements which are arranged next to one another and which form a second form the first surface element equidistant surface element. Such an arrangement, which can also be expanded by further equidistant surface elements of the same type, can be used to easily form shock-absorbing zones which extend over surfaces of any design. It is also advantageous here if the pressure bodies or deformation elements of the individual surface elements are connected to one another by a carrier element. A particularly simple and cost-effective design of such a flat damping structure can consist, according to the invention, in that the deformation elements of a surface element are jointly formed by forming from sheet metal or a film as the starting material, the deformation elements being connected to one another by sections of the sheet metal or the film which bridge gaps between the deformation elements.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eignet sich einerseits zur Herstellung von Stoßdämpfern, Pralldämpfern oder Crash-Elementen, die in Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, und andererseits zur Herstellung stoßabsorbierender Verformungszonen von Fahrzeugen, die vor oder hinter einer als formstabiler Raum ausgelegten Fahr- gastzelle angeordnet sind. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung werden die hintereinander geschalteten Deformationselemente gleichzeitig wirksam, wobei sich Unterschiede im Energieabsorptionsverhalten der einzelnen Elemente nivellieren und steile Änderungen des Kraftverlaufs vermieden werden. Weiterhin ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Vor- richtung eine vor allem für Einzelanwendungen vorteilhafte Modulbauweise, indem je nach Anforderung vorgefertigte Deformationselemente in geeigneter Zahl und Größe miteinander verbunden werden.The device according to the invention is suitable on the one hand for producing shock absorbers, impact absorbers or crash elements which are used in motor vehicles, and on the other hand for producing shock-absorbing deformation zones of vehicles which are arranged in front of or behind a passenger cell designed as a dimensionally stable space. In the device according to the invention, the deformation elements connected in series become effective at the same time, differences in the energy absorption behavior of the individual elements being leveled and steep changes in the force profile being avoided. Furthermore, the device according to the invention enables a modular construction, which is particularly advantageous for individual applications, in that, depending on the requirement, prefabricated deformation elements are connected to one another in a suitable number and size.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Es zeigenThe invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing. Show it
Figur 1 eine für den Einbau in die Nase eines Rennsportfahrzeugs bestimmteFigure 1 intended for installation in the nose of a racing vehicle
Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung,Device according to the invention,
Figur 2 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit degressiver Kraft-Weg-Kennlinie,FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention with a degressive force-displacement characteristic,
Figur 3 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit progressiver Kraft-Weg-FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention with a progressive force-displacement
Kennlinie undCharacteristic and
Figur 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer aus einer Mehrzahl von neben- und übereinander angeordneten Deformationselementen gebildeten erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a device according to the invention formed from a plurality of deformation elements arranged side by side and one above the other.
Die in Figur 1 gezeigte Vorrichtung besteht aus einem Druckelement 1 und vier Deformationselementen 2, 3, 4, 5, die in Reihe hintereinander angeordnet sind. Das Druckelement 1 hat die Form eines Kreiskegelstumpfs mit erhaben gewölbter Bodenfläche 6, einer Mantelfläche 7 und einer ebenen Kopffläche 8. Die Deformationselemente 2 bis 5 sind als kegelstumpfartige Ringe ausgebildet, die kegelige Mantelflächen 21 , 31 , 41 , 51 und zu diesen äquidistante kegelige Bohrungsflächen 22, 32, 42, 52 haben. An den Stirnseiten weisen die Deformationselemente 2 bis 5 stumpfe Kegelringflächen auf. Die axiale Länge der Deformationselemente 2 bis 5 ist im wesentlichen gleich. Ihr mittlerer Durchmesser nimmt jedoch mit der Entfernung vom Druckelement 1 zu. Das Druckelement 1 und die Deformationselemente 2 bis 5 sind in gleichsinniger Ausrichtung axial hintereinander derart angeordnet, daß jeweils das zur Kegelspitze weisende Ende des einen Elements in das von der Kegelspitze weg weisende Ende des folgenden Elements hineinragt und mit einem Abschnitt seiner Mantelfläche 7, 21 , 31 , 41 an der Bohrungsfläche 22, 32, 42, 52 des jeweils folgenden Deformationselements anliegt. Die Elemente 1 bis 5 können entweder durch Reibkontakt miteinander verbunden sein, sie können aber auch miteinander verklebt sein, um zu erreichen, daß erst bei einer durch den Scherwiderstand der Klebeverbindung gegebenen Anfangskraft die Elemente 1 bis 5 relativ zueinander bewegbar sind. Zur Bildung einer glatten Außenkontur sind die Elemente 1 bis 5 von einem Hüllkörper 9 umgeben, der die Elemente 1 bis 5 ebenfalls in ihrer ineinandergreifenden Anordnung hält, jedoch zur Energieabsorption nicht nennenswert beiträgt. Auf ihrer freiliegenden Innenseite sind die Deformationselemente 2 bis 5 von einem hohlen Hüllkörper 1 0 abgedeckt.The device shown in Figure 1 consists of a pressure element 1 and four deformation elements 2, 3, 4, 5, which are arranged in series one behind the other. The pressure element 1 has the shape of a circular truncated cone with a raised curved base surface 6, a lateral surface 7 and a flat head surface 8. The deformation elements 2 to 5 are designed as truncated cone-like rings, the conical lateral surfaces 21, 31, 41, 51 and tapered bore surfaces equidistant from them 22, 32, 42, 52. The deformation elements have 2 to 5 blunt conical ring surfaces on the end faces. The axial length of the deformation elements 2 to 5 is essentially the same. However, their average diameter increases with the distance from the pressure element 1. The pressure element 1 and the deformation elements 2 to 5 are arranged axially one behind the other in the same direction in such a way that the end of one element facing the cone tip projects into the end of the following element facing away from the cone tip and with a portion of its lateral surface 7, 21, 31, 41 on the bore surface 22, 32, 42, 52 of the following deformation element. The elements 1 to 5 can either be connected to one another by frictional contact, but they can also be glued to one another in order to ensure that the elements 1 to 5 can only be moved relative to one another at an initial force given by the shear resistance of the adhesive connection. To form a smooth outer contour, the elements 1 to 5 are surrounded by an enveloping body 9, which also holds the elements 1 to 5 in their interlocking arrangement, but does not make any significant contribution to energy absorption. On their exposed inside, the deformation elements 2 to 5 are covered by a hollow envelope body 10.
Die beschriebene Vorrichtung ist für eine Anordnung im Frontbereich eines Rennsportfahrzeugs bestimmt und wird bei dieser Anwendung mit ihrer Längsachse in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung ausgerichtet, wobei das Druckelement 1 vorzugsweise in Fahrtrichtung vorne angeordnet wird. Fährt das Fahrzeug gegen ein Hindernis, so wird die dabei auftretende Stoßkraft von dem Druckelement 1 aufgenommen und über die Deformationselemente 2 bis 5 auf die formsteife Fahrerzelle übertragen. Durch diese Belastung werden die Elemente 1 bis 5 ineinander geschoben, wobei die Deformationselemente 2 bis 5 einer Zugbeanspruchung ausgesetzt sind und dadurch gedehnt und gegebenenfalls in ihrer Struktur zerstört werden. Bei diesem Vorgang wird die Stoßkraft auf einen im wesentlichen gleichbleibenden Maximalwert begrenzt, der so bemessen ist, daß die Fahrerzelle nicht zerstört wird.The device described is intended for an arrangement in the front area of a racing sports vehicle and is aligned with its longitudinal axis in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in this application, the pressure element 1 preferably being arranged in the front in the direction of travel. If the vehicle drives against an obstacle, the impact force that occurs is absorbed by the pressure element 1 and transmitted to the rigid driver's cell via the deformation elements 2 to 5. This load pushes the elements 1 to 5 into one another, the deformation elements 2 to 5 being subjected to tensile stress and thereby being stretched and possibly destroyed in their structure. In this process, the impact force is limited to a substantially constant maximum value, which is dimensioned such that the driver's cell is not destroyed.
Die in Figur 2 gezeigte Vorrichtung besteht wie die Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 aus einem Druckelement 1 und vier Deformationselementen 2 bis 5, die teilweise ineinander greifen. Im Unterschied zur Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 sind hierbei jedoch zur Erzielung einer degressiven Kraft-Weg-Kennlinie die Mantelflächen 7, 21 , 31 , 41 , 51 nach außen derart gewölbt, daß ihre Neigung zur Längsachse 1 1 in Richtung des Druckelements 1 abnimmt. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß bei einem Ineinanderdrücken der Elemente 1 bis 5 durch eine axiale Stoßbelastung mit zunehmendem Verformungsweg der Verformungswiderstand und damit die übertragbare Stoßkraft abnimmt. Figur 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei welchem die Mantelflächen 7, 21 , 31 , 41 , 51 der Elemente 1 bis 5 nach innen gewölbt sind, ihr Neigungswinkel zur Längsachse 1 1 also in Richtung auf das Druckelement 1 zunimmt. Die mit den Mantelflächen zusammenwirkenden Bohrungsflächen 22, 32, 42, 52 sind entsprechend nach außen gewölbt. Diese Ausgestaltung führt zu einem Anstieg des Verformungswiderstands und damit der übertragbaren Stoßkraft mit zunehmendem Verformungsweg.Like the device according to FIG. 1, the device shown in FIG. 2 consists of a pressure element 1 and four deformation elements 2 to 5, which partially interlock. In contrast to the device according to FIG. 1, however, in order to achieve a degressive force-displacement characteristic curve, the outer surfaces 7, 21, 31, 41, 51 are curved outwards in such a way that their inclination to the longitudinal axis 11 decreases in the direction of the pressure element 1. It is hereby achieved that when the elements 1 to 5 are pressed into one another by an axial impact load, the deformation resistance and thus the transferable impact force decrease with increasing deformation path. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which the lateral surfaces 7, 21, 31, 41, 51 of the elements 1 to 5 are curved inwards, their angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis 11 increases in the direction of the pressure element 1. The bore surfaces 22, 32, 42, 52 cooperating with the lateral surfaces are correspondingly curved outwards. This configuration leads to an increase in the deformation resistance and thus the transmittable impact force with an increasing deformation path.
Bei dem in Figur 4 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die Vorrichtung aus drei Flächenelementen 100, 200, 300, die jeweils aus 1 6 gleichsinnig nebeneinander angeordneten Deformationselementen 1 01 , 201 , 301 gebildet sind. Untereinander sind die Deformationselemente 1 01 , 201 , 301 durch flächige Trägerelemente 400, 500 verbunden, die sich jeweils zwischen den Flächenelementen 100, 200 und 300 erstrecken. Wie bei den vorangegangenen Ausführungsbeispielen sind die Deformationselemente 101 , 201 , 301 als kegelstumpfartige Ringe ausgebildet und gleichsinnig angeordnet, wobei die Deformationselemente eines Flächenelements jeweils koaxial zu den Deformationselementen der beiden anderen Flächenelemente angeordnet sind. Die Deformationselemente 101 , 201 , 301 sind hierbei von Flächenelement zu Flächenelement unterschiedlich, sie können aber auch gleich sein. Jedes Flächenelement 1 00, 200 bzw. 300 kann wiederum aus gleichen oder ungleichen Deformationselementen bestehen. Die Vorrichtung ist zur Aufnahme von Stoßkräften in Achsrichtung der Deformationselemente bestimmt. Die Deformationselemente werden unter der Wirkung einer solchen Kraft unter Durch- dringung der sie trennenden Trägerelemente 400, 500 ineinander gedrückt, wobei sie verformt und je nach Größe der Kraft mehr oder weniger stark zerstört werden. Hierdurch wird eine wirksame Energieabsorption erreicht. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the device consists of three surface elements 100, 200, 300, which are each formed from 16 deformation elements 110, 201, 301 arranged in the same direction next to one another. The deformation elements 1 01, 201, 301 are connected to one another by flat support elements 400, 500, which each extend between the surface elements 100, 200 and 300. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, the deformation elements 101, 201, 301 are designed as frustoconical rings and are arranged in the same direction, the deformation elements of one surface element each being arranged coaxially with the deformation elements of the other two surface elements. The deformation elements 101, 201, 301 differ from surface element to surface element, but they can also be the same. Each surface element 1 00, 200 or 300 can in turn consist of the same or different deformation elements. The device is intended to absorb impact forces in the axial direction of the deformation elements. The deformation elements are pressed into one another under the action of such a force, penetrating the support elements 400, 500 separating them, whereby they are deformed and, depending on the magnitude of the force, more or less destroyed. Effective energy absorption is achieved in this way.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Vorrichtung zur Absorption von Stoßenergie durch bleibende Verformung und/oder Zerstörung eines Deformationselements, wobei das Deformationselement eine sich in Richtung der Stoßkraft verjüngende Öffnung aufweist, der ein sich in die gleiche Richtung verjüngender Druckkörper zugeordnet ist, der unter der Wirkung der Stoßkraft mit seinem verjüngten Ende voran gegen den Verformungswiderstand des Deformationselements in dessen Öffnung hinein bewegbar ist.1 . Device for absorbing impact energy by permanent deformation and / or destruction of a deformation element, the deformation element having an opening tapering in the direction of the impact force, to which is associated a pressure body tapering in the same direction, which has its tapered end under the action of the impact force is movable against the deformation resistance of the deformation element into its opening.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , gekennzeichnet durch mehrere, in Reihe hin- tereinander angeordnete Deformationselemente mit jeweils einer sich in Richtung der Stoßkraft verjüngenden Öffnung und einer sich in der gleichen Richtung verjüngenden Mantelfläche, wobei das verjüngte Ende eines Deformationselements der sich in der gleichen Richtung verjüngenden Öffnung des folgenden Deformationselements zugekehrt ist und die Deformationsele- mente unter der Wirkung der Stoßkraft bei gleichzeitiger Überwindung ihres2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by a plurality of deformation elements arranged in series one behind the other, each with an opening that tapers in the direction of the impact force and a jacket surface that tapers in the same direction, the tapered end of a deformation element that tapers in the same direction is tapered opening of the following deformation element and the deformation elements under the action of the impact force while overcoming their
Verformungswiderstands ineinander bewegbar sind.Deformation resistance are movable into each other.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckkörper als Deformationselement ausgebildet ist.3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure body is designed as a deformation element.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mantelflächen und die Bohrungsflächen der Öffnungen Kegelstumpfflächen sind.4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral surfaces and the bore surfaces of the openings are truncated cone surfaces.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Neigungswinkel der Mantelflächen und der Bohrungsflächen gleich sind.5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angles of inclination of the lateral surfaces and the bore surfaces are the same.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die Neigung der Mantelflächen und/oder der Bohrungsflächen in6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inclination of the lateral surfaces and / or the bore surfaces in
Richtung der Längsachse zunimmt oder abnimmt. Direction of the longitudinal axis increases or decreases.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere in Reihe hintereinander angeordnete, ineinander greifende Deformationselemente innen und/oder außen von einem Hüllkörper umgeben sind.7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of interlocking deformation elements arranged in series one behind the other and / or outside are surrounded by an enveloping body.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Raum innerhalb der der Deformationselemente mit einem kompressiblen Füllmaterial, beispielsweise einem Schaumstoff, ausgefüllt ist.8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space within which the deformation elements are filled with a compressible filling material, for example a foam.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckkörper mit dem ihm zugeordneten Deformationselement und/oder einander zugeordnete Deformationselemente reibschlüssig oder stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind.9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure body with the associated deformation element and / or mutually associated deformation elements are frictionally or cohesively connected to each other.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckkörper und das diesem zugeordnete Deformationselement oder einander zugeordnete Deformationselemente auf beiden Seiten eines gemeinsamen Trägerelements befestigt sind, welches unter der Wir- kung einer Stoßkraft deformierbar oder zerstörbar ist.10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure body and the deformation element associated therewith or mutually associated deformation elements are fastened on both sides of a common carrier element which can be deformed or destroyed under the action of an impact force.
1 1 . Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehrere Deformationselemente oder Druckkörper zur Bildung eines ersten Flächenelements nebeneinander angeordnet sind und diesen Deformationselementen oder Druckkörpern entsprechend nebeneinander angeordnete Deformationselemente zugeordnet sind, die ein zweites zum ersten Flächenelement äquidistantes Flächenelement bilden.1 1. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of deformation elements or pressure elements are arranged next to one another to form a first surface element and corresponding deformation elements are arranged next to one another corresponding to these deformation elements or pressure elements, which form a second surface element equidistant from the first surface element.
1 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Deforma- tionselemente eines Flächenelements gemeinsam durch Umformen aus einem1 2. Device according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the deformation elements of a surface element together by forming from one
Blech oder einer Folie als Ausgangsmaterial gebildet und untereinander durch Abschnitte des Blechs oder der Folie verbunden sind, welche Zwischenräume zwischen den Deformationselementen überbrücken. Sheet metal or a film is formed as a starting material and are connected to one another by sections of the sheet metal or the film, which bridge gaps between the deformation elements.
PCT/DE2001/003294 2000-08-31 2001-08-31 Device for absorbing impact force WO2002018816A1 (en)

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