WO2002017637A1 - Procede de transmission de donnees et procede de relais de donnees - Google Patents
Procede de transmission de donnees et procede de relais de donnees Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002017637A1 WO2002017637A1 PCT/JP2001/006719 JP0106719W WO0217637A1 WO 2002017637 A1 WO2002017637 A1 WO 2002017637A1 JP 0106719 W JP0106719 W JP 0106719W WO 0217637 A1 WO0217637 A1 WO 0217637A1
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- data transmission
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmission method and a relay method for video / audio data flowing through a network, and particularly to a case where the data is subjected to an encryption process or an error correction encoding process and transmitted.
- IP Internet Protocol
- IP v6 Internet Protocol Version D lPvo Specincanon
- RFC 1883 Internet Engineering Taskforce, Dec. 1995
- Multicast is known as a mechanism for delivering data to multiple points.
- IPsec is a mechanism of encryption (S. Kent et al., “Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol”, RFC 2401, Internet Engineering Taskforce, Nov. 1998).
- VOD Video On Demand
- PPV Payment Per View
- the person who paid the fee receives the key for decryption, decrypts it with the received key, and reproduces the multimedia.
- STB Set Top Box
- encryption / decryption is realized by hardware, but in the case of a network, a general-purpose computer is often used, and encryption / decryption is performed by hardware. Few.
- the video bit rate is about 2 to 3 Mbps for NTSC (National Television Standards Committed) and about 10 to 20 Mbps for HDTV (High Definition Television). If encryption processing is performed and encryption / decryption processing is required in the receiving device, there is a possibility that the processing cannot be completed by software (Issue 1).
- Networks tend to favor decentralized rather than centralized management because of their historical background. This trend is due to the bandwidth in multimedia distribution. This also applies to reservations. That is, instead of the resource allocation type RSVP (R. Braden et al., “Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)-Version 1 Functional Specification", RFC 2205, Internet Engineering Taskforce, Sep. 1997), priority control type DiffSen ⁇ It has become mainstream (S. Blake et al., "An Architecture for Differentiated Services", RFC 2475, Internet Engineering Taskforce, Dec. 1998). Due to the nature of this DiffSerU, some packet loss occurs. However, a mechanism has not been provided in which the image quality of the media changes (degrades) gently in response to packet loss (Issue 2).
- RSVP Resource ReSerVation Protocol
- RTP Real Time Transport Protocol
- RTP Real Time Transport Protocol
- RTP Real Time Transport Protocol
- An object of the present invention is to solve each of the above problems.
- a first data transmission method provides a data sequence obtained by encoding video or audio by converting video or audio time, video space, video or audio quality, or Adopted a method that includes a step of dividing based on either the information given by the video or audio producer or a combination thereof, and a step of encrypting only a part of these divided data strings Things.
- the second data transmission method provides a method of encoding a video or audio data sequence by converting video or audio time, video space, video space, video or audio And a step of performing an error correction encoding process on only a part of the divided data sequence based on the quality of the data or information given by the video or audio producer, or a combination thereof. Is adopted.
- a first data relay method including a step of classifying a column and a step of allocating the divided data sequence to one of a plurality of queues based on the classification result, wherein a frequency of the relay process is set to This method differs for each queue, or the method of selecting a queue for extracting data during relay processing is made variable, or the method of discarding data that cannot be processed is different for each queue.
- a third data transmission method is a data transmission method in which data is divided into buckets by a transmission device and transmitted, wherein the transmission device includes: A first step of subdividing a packet to generate a subdivided bucket; And a second step of generating an error correction bucket from at least one subdivided packet and transmitting the packet.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the data transmission device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the dividing unit in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the transmitting apparatus in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the receiving device in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the data transmission device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the division unit in FIG. 5 when handling video data.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the transmission unit in FIG. 5 when handling audio data.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the transmission unit in FIG. 5 when handling video data and audio data.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the data transmission device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data transmission system including a data relay device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a data relay method according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the recording operation to the queue in each of the groups shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the scheduling operation of the delivery process in each router (data relay device) in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a data relay method according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a propagation delay time measuring operation in a specific router (data relay device) in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the scheduling operation of the delivery process in the same router (the one-time relay device) in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a transmission device for realizing the data transmission method according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the subdivision unit and the FEC calculation unit in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the packetizing unit in FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an operation example of the transmitting apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 21 (a) shows the data transmission according to the conventional technique
- FIG. 21 (b) shows the data transmission according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a receiving device for realizing the data transmission method according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a receiving device for realizing the data transmission method according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the data transmission method according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a transmission device and a reception device for implementing the data transmission method according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a data transmission device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- MPEG-1 ISO / IEC 13818-2
- MPEG Motion Picture Coding Experts Group
- IPv6 IPv6
- a transmitting apparatus 100 is a video encoding apparatus. It receives a packet stream as input and transmits it, and includes a dividing unit 101, an encrypting unit 102, and a transmitting unit 103.
- the receiving device 110 receives the packet from the transmitting device 100 as an input and outputs a bit stream.
- the receiving device 113, the encryption / decryption unit 112, and the reconstruction unit 111 With one.
- FIG. 2 shows an operation example of the dividing unit 101 in FIG.
- the dividing unit 101 divides a bit stream forming a video based on a reproduction time of a video decoded by the bit stream.
- M PEG-1 there is a distinction between an (Intra) frame, a P (Predictive) frame and a B (Bidirectionally predictive) frame.
- the number of frames in one GOP is 15 and the interval between I or P frames is 3.
- the encryption unit 102 performs the encryption processing only on the leftmost port (that is, the port through which the bit stream corresponding to the I frame is transmitted).
- IPv6 each output of the dividing unit 101 is assigned to each port of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) or UDP (User Datagram Protocol), and in the IP layer, a bit stream corresponding to an I frame is transmitted.
- Configure IPS eC processing only for the ports to be transmitted R. Thayer et al., "IP security Document Roadmap", RFC 2411, Internet Engineering Taskforce, Nov. 1998, S. Kent et al. See “IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)", RFC 2406, Internet Engineering Taskforce, Nov. 1998). That is, the encryption unit 102 and the transmission unit 103 are composed of a TCP or UDP layer, an IP layer, a data link layer, and a physical layer.
- the receiving unit 113 receives a packet output from the transmitting device 100 for each port. Also, a bit stream corresponding to an I frame is transmitted. The original packet is restored by processing the port with the encryption / decryption unit 112.
- the receiving unit 113 and the encryption / decryption unit 112 include a TCP or UDP layer, an IP layer, a data link layer, and a physical layer.
- the reconstruction unit 111 receives the packets from the reception unit 113 and the signal decoding unit 112, and restores the original bit stream. This restoration is performed by arranging the packets in ascending order immediately after the TI.
- the bit stream obtained by encoding the video is divided by the dividing unit 101, and the encrypting unit 102 performs an encryption process on only a part of the divided bucket.
- the signal decoding process required is limited to only some of the packets.
- the time required for the encryption / decryption processing in the receiving device 110 can be reduced, and the conventional problem 1 can be solved.
- the purpose of ensuring that only those who possess the decryption key can view the video remains intact. Due to the nature of video coding, if the I-frame cannot be recovered, the subsequent video cannot be recovered.
- the encryption process is performed only on the I frame, but the number of ports for performing the encryption process is increased or decreased according to the performance of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of the transmitting device 100. You may. Further, in receiving apparatus 110, only a part of the signal may be decoded in accordance with the CPU performance. In this case, the video cannot be played at the full frame rate (30 frames / s), but it is possible to obtain a video within the range that can be processed by the CPU performance.
- the CPU Central Processing Unit
- FIG. 3 shows an operation example of the transmitting apparatus 100 in FIG.
- video data is read (step 301), and byte strings 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00 representing a PSC (Picture Start Code) are detected (step 302).
- the PCT Physical Coding Type
- the process branches to step 304 for I, to step 305 for P, and to step 306 for B.
- steps 304, 305, and 306 a packet is generated and transmitted to each port. At this time, a unique sequence number is assigned to each packet.
- the packet is subjected to IPsec encryption processing. Then, check in step 307 if it is the end of the night If not, return to step 301.
- FIG. 4 shows an operation example of the receiving apparatus 110 in FIG. According to FIG. 4, packets are received from each UDP port in steps 401, 402, and 403.
- step 401 the packet is subjected to symbol decoding of IPsec.
- step 400 the data sequence is extracted from the packet, and the data sequence reconstructed by concatenating the sequence numbers is passed to the upper layer. Then, in step 405, it is checked whether the end of the day is over. If not, the process returns to the branch point of steps 401, 402, 403.
- FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the data transmission device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 500 denotes a transmission device, which receives a bit stream obtained by encoding a video as an input, and transmits the bit stream.
- a receiving device 510 receives a bucket from the transmitting device 500 as an input and outputs a bit stream.
- the division unit 501, the transmission unit 503, the reconstruction unit 5111, and the reception unit 5113 are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
- Reference numeral 52 denotes an error correction encoding unit, and reference numeral 52 denotes an error correction decoding unit. According to FIG.
- a bit stream obtained by encoding a video is divided by a dividing unit 501, and only a part of the divided packet, that is, an I frame is divided by an error correction encoding unit 502.
- the error correction coding process is applied only to the packet according to.
- an RFC2733 scheme may be adopted as the error correction coding scheme.
- the divided data stream is transmitted with different UDP port numbers or different payload types of: RTP.
- the FEC data is transmitted as another RTP payload.
- FIG. 6 shows another operation example of the dividing unit 501 in FIG. 5 when video data is handled. In the above example, division based on time is performed, but division based on space may be performed.
- reference numeral 601 denotes an example of screen division, and the upper and lower peripheral portions are composed of two slices # 1 and # 23.
- the left peripheral part is slice # 2, 5, 8, 11, 11, 14, 17, and 20, and the right peripheral part is slice # 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 16, 19, and 22. It is composed of seven pieces.
- Reference numeral 602 denotes a bit stream in which slices are arranged in the order of numbers.
- the dividing unit 501 extracts seven slices # 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 15, 18 and 21 for each frame as a central part, Output to part 502. In this way, even if an error less than a certain value occurs in the center, the error can be corrected. That is, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the image quality hardly deteriorates in the central portion where the image quality deterioration of the image is easily noticeable subjectively.
- the division unit 101 in FIG. 1 in the first embodiment may perform division based on FIG.
- the division unit 501 may perform division based on image quality.
- the coding result of the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) coefficient in each macroblock may be divided into a low-frequency component and a high-frequency component. By doing so, it is possible to correct errors in low-frequency components even if they occur below a certain value.
- a device is provided that does not fail to decode immediately when an error occurs, but can decode a reasonable image with a low SZN when the error is below a certain value. can do.
- the same division based on the image quality may be performed in the division unit 101 in FIG. 1 in the first embodiment.
- the division unit 501 may perform division based on information given by the video producer.
- the information given by the video creator is any of the time zone in which the video is broadcast, the genre of the video, the performer of the video, the commercial part in the video, the content set by the creator, or any of these Means a combination.
- information representing each performer is associated with a bit stream obtained by encoding a video. Information about each performer is recorded for each GOP What should I do? Then, only the GOP in which a specific performer appears can be extracted and assigned to a port passing through the error correction coding unit 502, and the other GOPs can be assigned to another port.
- the selection of a specific performer may be made based on the profile of the receiver or by a request from the receiving device 5 10. In the first embodiment, the same division may be performed in the division unit 101 in FIG. 1 based on the information given by the video producer.
- FIG. 7 shows an operation example of the transmitting section 503 in FIG. 5 when handling audio data.
- FEC data error correction information
- Another voice data bucket 703 that summarizes the stored voice data is generated, and these buckets are transmitted.
- FIG. 8 shows an operation example of the transmitting unit 503 in FIG. 5 when handling video data and audio data.
- the first data stream includes the video data having the lower priority
- the second data stream includes the audio data having the higher priority.
- an FEC data error correction information
- a video data packet 802 in which the FEC data and the video data are combined is generated.
- FIG. 9 shows the configuration of the data transmission device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiment is a combination of the first embodiment (including its modified example) and the second embodiment (including its modified example).
- reference numeral 900 denotes a transmission device, which receives a bit stream obtained by encoding a video as an input and transmits the bit stream.
- a receiving device 910 receives a packet from the transmitting device 900 and outputs a bit stream.
- the dividing unit 901, the encrypting unit 903, the transmitting unit 904, the reconstructing unit 911, the encrypting / decrypting unit 913, and the receiving unit 911 are those described in the first embodiment. Is equivalent to Further, the error correction encoding unit 92 and the error correction decoding unit 912 correspond to those described in the second embodiment.
- the bit stream obtained by encoding the video is divided by the division unit 901, and the error correction encoding unit 902 performs error correction encoding on only a part of the divided packets.
- the encryption unit 903 applies encryption processing to only a part of the divided packets, so that the conventional problems 1 and 2 can be simultaneously solved.
- the encryption processing and the error correction encoding processing are performed only on the I frame, but another combination may be used.
- error correction coding processing may be performed on I and P frames, and encryption processing may be performed only on I frames.
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration of a data transmission system including a data relay device 1000 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- encryption processing and Z or error correction coding processing are performed on a part of the data string.
- the processing is performed together with the processed data. If the data were relayed in the same way without distinguishing between the data that did not exist, effective results could not be obtained.
- it is expected that important data that has been subjected to encryption processing and data that has been subjected to error correction coding processing will be delivered more reliably than other data.
- the present embodiment satisfies this requirement.
- reference numerals 10 10 and 10 20 denote the first to third embodiments, respectively.
- reference numeral 1030 denotes the receiving apparatus described in the first to third embodiments (including its modifications).
- fragments of each bit stream corresponding to 1, P, and B frames are allocated to UDP ports 10001, 1002, and 10003, respectively.
- the data relay device 1000 includes a classification unit 1001, an I-frame queue 1002, a P-frame queue 1003, a B-frame queue 1004, and an output unit 1005.
- the classification unit 1001 receives the packets from the transmission devices 1010 and 1020, classifies the packets based on the UDP port number, and enters the result into the queues 1002, 1003, and 1004. That is, packets with UDP port numbers 10001, 1002, and 10003 are inserted into the queues 1002, 1003, and 1004, respectively.
- the output unit 1005 differs in the processing frequency or queue selection method for each queue or the packet discarding method when each queue is likely to overflow.
- the I-frame queue 1002 is given priority for relay processing (Priority Queueing). This changes the way queues are selected.
- the processing capacity of the data repeater 1000 is fairly distributed based on the amount of data in each queue (Fair Queueing), and evenly distributed, but the queue 1002 for I-frames is given a little priority. Processing (weighted fair queuing) is also possible. Thereby, the processing frequency for each queue can be changed. Also, the discard probability may be a function of the average amount of data remaining in each queue (average queue length).
- the discard probability of the queue 1002 for e-frames may be made larger than the discard probability of the other queues 1003 and 1004.
- this Can be solved by applying a stronger error correction coding scheme.
- the data corresponding to each frame divided in each of transmitting apparatuses 1010 and 1020 is re-classified by classification section 1001, and the result of this classification is inserted into queues 1002, 1003, and 1004. Then, in the output unit 1005, different relay processing is performed for each queue. In this way, each data can be relayed separately.
- the packet discarding method in the output unit 1005 may be associated with, for example, the bucket loss rate detected by the receiving apparatus 1030 when RTCP (RTP Control Protocol) is adopted. That is, if it is desired to further reduce the current loss rate, the corresponding port is reassigned to a queue with a lower drop probability.
- RTCP RTP Control Protocol
- the error correction coding scheme applied to a specific port may be associated with the drop probability of the queue to which this port is assigned. That is, an error correction method that can correct the packet loss determined from the drop probability of the queue is applied. By doing so, a route without packet loss can be provided equivalently even on a relay route with packet loss.
- the classification unit 1001 classifies the bucket by the UDP port number.
- the T0S field of the IPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4
- the traffic class of the IPv6, and the flow of the IPv6 Classification may be performed using labels (flow lab4, etc.).
- the present invention also includes a program for causing a computer to execute all or a part of each step of the data transmission method or the data relay method according to the first to fourth embodiments described above.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a data relay method according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- DiffServ as a mechanism for realizing priority processing in the relay router (de-night relay device).
- 1101 and 1102 are transmitting devices, and 1103 is a receiving device.
- 1 Reference numeral 104 denotes a network called a DS domain, in which only the DS field (upper 6 bits of the TOS field) in the header of the IP packet is viewed, and relay processing is performed at high speed.
- Reference numerals 1105 and 1106 denote first and second routers, which are called ingress nodes in DiffServ. These first and second routers 1105 and 1106 assign a priority to each packet. Priority assignment is based on incoming buckets,
- IP address source address, destination address
- the priority is normally assigned based on a predetermined policy (policy of giving priority to voice, etc.).
- the transmission devices 1101 and 1102 may associate the data priority with the port number and change the value of the DS field based on the port number. Further, the transmission device 1101 or 1102 may set the DS field value based on the priority.
- 1107 is the third night, which is called an egress node in DiffServ. The third rule 1107 performs a process of deleting the value of the DS field.
- Reference numeral 1108 denotes a fourth rule, which receives the IP packets from the transmission devices 1101 and 1102 and relays them based on the priority.
- the transmitting devices 1101 and 1102 add the maximum value of the propagation delay time determined by the required specifications of the application to the header of the IP packet.
- the mechanism of the extension header may be used.
- the field added in the header is called the propagation delay field, and the maximum value of the propagation delay time is assigned to this field. In the case of VOIP, this value should be substituted based on the fact that the delay time for humans to perceive speech and feel uncomfortable is about 100 ms or 200 ms or more.
- the first router 1105 subtracts the time that this IP packet stayed in the first router 1105 from the value of the propagation delay field, and calculates the result as the propagation delay. Write to field. The same is true for the second le 1106.
- the fourth router 1108 sends the IP packets from the first and second routers 1105 and 1106 to the third router 1107 while storing them in their respective queues. The one with the smaller field value is delivered first.
- the relay processing according to the present embodiment includes a flow of recording in a queue and a flow of scheduling. These two flows are processed as independent processes.
- FIG. 12 shows a recording operation to the queue at each of the routes in FIG.
- a packet is received in step 1201, and the time at that time is recorded as the arrival time Ta (step 1202). Further, the propagation delay time Td is extracted from the propagation delay field of the received packet (step 1203). Then, the received packet is recorded in the queue together with Ta and Td (step 1204).
- the queue is selected based on the DS field value. The above processing is repeated.
- FIG. 13 shows the scheduling operation of the delivery processing in each of the routines in FIG.
- Steps 1301 to 1305 are a loop process.
- the processes of steps 1302 to 1304 are performed on the packet at the head of the queue.
- the arrival time Ta is extracted, and at step 1303, the arrival time Ta is subtracted from the current time Tc to obtain the stay time Ts.
- the propagation delay time Td is extracted, and in step 1305, a queue that minimizes (Td-Ts) is obtained.
- the packet is taken out of the queue.
- step 1308 the packet is transmitted.
- the propagation delay field is updated. That is, (Td-Ts) obtained earlier is written in the propagation delay field.
- the above steps 1301 to 1308 are repeated.
- the propagation delay field values of the IP packets from the first and second routers 1105 and 1106 are both 200 ms, and the first router If the dwell time at 1105 is 180 ms, and the dwell time at 1106 is 50 ms, the IP packet from the 1105 The propagation delay field value becomes 20 ms, and the propagation delay field value of the IP packet from the second rule 1106 becomes 150 ms.
- the final propagation delay time when the IP bucket from the first router 1105 reaches the receiving device 1103 is larger than that of the IP bucket from the second router 1106, and as a result, The IP packet from the first router 1105 does not satisfy the required specifications of the application, and receiving it is useless.
- the propagation delay field value of the IP packet from the first router 1105 is smaller than that of the IP packet from the second router 1106, the first As a result, the IP packet from 1105 is given priority for relay processing, and as a result, it is more likely that the required specifications of the application will be satisfied, and problem 3 in the past can be solved.
- the propagation delay field does not represent an accurate value.
- all the clocks synchronized with 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, transmitting devices 1101, 1102, and receiving device 1103 must be kept, and the transmitting devices 1101, 1102
- the transmission time of the IP bucket may be added for transmission.
- the propagation delay time rd from the transmission time to the current time of the IP packet is obtained. D is obtained by subtracting the transmission time (added to the IP packet) from the current time.
- the value of the remaining propagation delay time (remaining propagation delay time), that is, how much propagation delay is allowed, is obtained. Then, IP packets are processed in ascending order of the remaining propagation delay time r. With the above configuration, the order of the relay processing can be changed using the r value that is more accurate than the (Td-Ts) value.
- FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a data relay method according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- transmitters 1401 and 1402, receivers 1403 and 1404, network 1405, routers 1406, 1407, 1408, and 1409 are These correspond to those described in the fifth embodiment.
- network 1405, routers 1406, 1407, 1408, and 1409 are These correspond to those described in the fifth embodiment.
- a propagation delay time from a certain evening to each receiving device is considered.
- FIG. 15 shows a propagation delay time measuring operation at a specific router 1410 in FIG.
- the day 1410 periodically measures i as the propagation delay time between itself and each of the receiving devices 1403 and 1404 (step 1501). This measurement can be performed by using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) in the IP layer.
- ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
- FIG. 16 shows the scheduling operation of the delivery processing in the same router 1410 in FIG.
- Steps 1601 to 1604 are a loop process.
- the processes from step 1602 to step 1603 are performed on the packet at the head of the queue.
- the transmission time (added to the IP packet) is subtracted from the current time to obtain d as the propagation delay time from the transmission time to the current time.
- the remaining propagation delay time is determined by subtracting d from the propagation delay field value Td.
- a queue that minimizes (te r ⁇ ri) is obtained.
- queues with?] ⁇ 0 (or Td—i ⁇ 0) and queues with r and i ⁇ 0 are excluded.
- a packet is taken out of the queue in step 1605.
- the packet is transmitted.
- the propagation delay field is updated. The above processing from step 1601 to step 1607 is repeated.
- IP packets are processed in ascending order of the value obtained by subtracting i, the propagation delay time from the remaining propagation delay time r to the corresponding receiver, to obtain the actual required propagation
- the delay time is more likely to be smaller than the propagation delay time required by the application.
- FIG. 17 illustrates a configuration example of a transmission device 1700 for implementing the data transmission method according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 1701 denotes a subdivision unit
- 1702 denotes an FEC calculation unit
- 1 to 03 denote packetizing units.
- the subdivision 1701 Divide the input RTP packet into a certain length.
- the 0 calculation unit 1702 calculates the FEC data from the divided data.
- the packetizing section 1-03 reconfigures the RTP bucket.
- FIG. 18 shows an operation example of the subdivision unit 1701 and the FEC calculation unit 1702 in FIG.
- reference numeral 1801 denotes a header of an RTP packet input to the re-dividing unit 101: 1802 denotes media data of the RTP packet.
- the length of the media data 1802 is 120 bytes in this example.
- Reference numerals 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, and 1808 denote media data that has been divided into six by the subdivision unit 1701, and the length of each divided media data is 20 bytes.
- the FEC calculation section 1702 calculates an FEC data 1809 from the divided media data 1803-1808.
- This calculation is performed by extracting the i-th byte from the beginning of each divided media data 18 ⁇ 3 to 1808, calculating the exclusive OR (XOR) of the extracted bytes, and calculating the FEC data. It is the i-th byte of 1809 overnight. That is, the length of the FEC data 1809 is 20 bytes.
- FIG. 19 shows an operation example of the packetizing unit 1703 in FIG.
- the packetizing unit 17 ⁇ 3 converts these into RTP packets. And output. That is, as shown in FIG. 19, the divided media data 1803 to 1808 and the FEC data 1809 each have an RTP header 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917. These RTP packets are output after a total of 7 RTP packets have been generated with 1 9 18, 19 1 9 appended.
- FIG. 20 shows an operation example of the transmitting apparatus 1700 in FIG.
- an RTP packet including media data is received from the upper layer.
- the payload portion is extracted from this RTP packet, divided into a fixed number (for example, 6), and the divided media data (hereinafter, referred to as subdivided data).
- a sub-packet is generated by adding an RTP header to the packet.
- an FEC packet is generated from these subdivided packets.
- the subdivision packet is transmitted, and in step 2005, the FEC packet is transmitted.
- a sub-packet and an FEC packet are generated from the RTP packet received from the upper layer and transmitted.
- FIG. 21 (a) shows the conventional data transmission by the RFC 2733 method
- FIG. 21 (b) shows the data transmission according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis is the time axis.
- reference numerals 2101 and 2102 denote a header and media data, respectively, which constitute one RTP packet.
- 2105 and 2106 also show headers and media data, respectively, and these make up one RTP bucket.
- Reference numeral 2104 denotes an FEC data generated from the media data 210 2 and 2106 using the conventional RFC 2733 method, and this and the header 2103 constitute one RTP packet.
- the length of FEC data 2104 is 120 bytes, which is the same as the length of media data 2102 and 2106. According to this conventional method, for example, including media data 2102: even when a TP packet is lost, an RTP packet including the other media data 2106 and an RTP packet including FEC data 2104 can be received. As long as the missing RTP packet can be recovered.
- FIG. 21 (b) six subdivided data 2112, 2114, 2116, 2118, 2120, 2122 are generated from the media data 2102, and the odd-numbered subdivided data 2112, 2116 , 2120 first FEC data 21 24 is generated, and a second FEC data 2126 is generated from the even-numbered subdivision data 2114, 2118, and 2122.
- the length of each of the first and second FEC data 2124, 2126 is 20 bytes. 2111, 2113, 2115, 2117, 2119, 2121, 2123, and 2125 are converted to subdivision data 2112, 2114, 2116, 2118, 2120, 2122, and the first and second FEC data 21 24, 2126. Each has an attached RTP header.
- the first and second FEC data 2124 By using 21 26, two missing RTP packets can be restored.
- the amount of FEC data used at this time is 40 bytes, which is one third of the RFC 2733 method.
- the start time of error correction can be advanced and the delay can be reduced.
- the time when the restoration of the media data can be started is after the reception of the media data 2106 is completed following the media data 2102 and the FEC data 2104.
- the error correction process can be started as soon as the reception of 26 has been completed.
- the length of the media data is extremely different (for example, 120 bytes and 20 bytes, respectively). Frequently occur.
- the FEC data length was 120 bytes for both 120-byte media data and 20-byte media data.
- the same error correction capability as before can be provided with a small amount of FEC data.
- the start time of the error correction processing can be advanced, and a flexible response to various media data lengths is possible. That is, the conventional problem 4 can be solved.
- the division length length of the subdivision data
- the number of RTP packet subdivisions in subdivision section 1701 may be determined from the ratio of the amount of data used for error correction to the amount of transmission data.
- the length of the FEC data can be arbitrarily changed by arbitrarily selecting the division length. In the example of FIG. 19, the length of the FEC data 1809 is one time the division length, and in the example of FIG. 21 (b), the total length of the FEC data 2124 and 2126 is twice the division length.
- the error correction capability can be changed by changing the number of pieces of subdivided data used to generate one FEC data. In the example of FIG. 19, the loss of any one subdivided packet can be repaired, and in the example of FIG. 21 (b), the loss of any two consecutive subdivided packets can be repaired.
- ROHC RObust Header Compression
- FIG. 22 shows a configuration example of a receiving device 2200 for implementing the data transmission method according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- 2201 indicates an error characteristic observation unit
- 2202 indicates a division length calculation unit.
- the error characteristic observing unit 2201 observes the error characteristics via the physical layer interface.
- the error characteristics bit error The occurrence frequency, burst error occurrence frequency, and burst error length shall be observed.
- the division length calculation unit 222 calculates the division length of the bucket based on the observed error characteristics. For example, the division length calculation unit 222 obtains the packet division length from the burst error length, and transmits the result to the transmitting device.
- burst error length is L (bytes)
- setting the division length to L can guarantee that at most two sub-fragments lost due to a burst error will be lost (Fig. 21).
- burst error 219 if one error occurs per b bytes due to the frequency of bit errors, if the division length is b / 3 bytes, one error will occur per three packets after division. Become. In other words, if one FEC data is created for every two packets after division, only one of the three packets will be lost due to an error (due to the frequency of bit errors). It becomes possible.
- bit error frequency is ideally a Delaunay function when the graph of the horizontal axis error rate and the vertical axis frequency is drawn, for example.
- the frequency of bit errors is a Gaussian or Poisson distribution with wide tails. Therefore, the worst value of the number of bytes (b) when one error occurs may be obtained from the worst value of the error rate when the rejection area is 3%.
- the FEC data length becomes variable, and thus, optimal error correction coding can be realized.
- the division length is obtained by the reception device 220.
- the observation result of the error characteristic may be transmitted to the transmission device, and the transmission device may calculate the division length.
- FIG. 23 shows a configuration example of a receiving apparatus 230 for realizing the data transmission method according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 2301 denotes an error characteristic observation unit
- reference numeral 2302 denotes a combination determination unit.
- the error characteristic observation unit 2301 observes the frequency of occurrence of bit errors, the frequency of occurrence of burst errors, the length of burst errors, and the like.
- the combination determination unit 2302 is used to calculate FEC data based on, for example, the burst error length. Determine the combination of subdivisions that will be performed. For example, when the length of the burst error is L (bytes), by setting the division length to L as described in the eighth embodiment, the loss of consecutive subdivided packets becomes at most two.
- the first FEC data 2124 is generated from the odd-numbered subdivided data 2112, 2116, 2120, and the even-numbered subdivided data 2114, 2118, 2122 is generated.
- the second FEC data 2126 can be generated from
- one FEC data may be calculated based on the subdivision data for each (n + 1) pieces.
- the division length is L / n for the burst error length L
- the number of consecutive packet losses is (n + 1), so the subdivision is performed every (n + 1) Just take it out and generate one FEC data overnight.
- C According to the example of FIG. 24, the burst error 2401 corresponding to the length of three pieces of subdivided data is shown. Media data can be restored even if it occurs.
- the combination of the subdivision data is determined based on the observation result of the error characteristic, so that the FEC data length becomes variable, and the optimal error correction coding is realized. Becomes possible.
- the combination of the subdivided data is determined by the receiving apparatus 2300, but the observation result of the error characteristic is transmitted to the transmitting apparatus, and the transmitting apparatus determines the combination of the subdivided data. You may do so.
- FIG. 25 illustrates a configuration example of a transmission device 2500 and a reception device 2510 for implementing the data transmission method according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is suitable when the error characteristics observed by the physical layer interface cannot be used.
- 2501 denotes a re-division unit
- 2502 denotes an FEC calculation unit
- 2503 denotes a bucketing unit
- 2504 denotes a division length changing unit.
- the subdivision unit 2501, FEC calculation unit 2502, and packetization unit 2503 correspond to those described in the seventh embodiment.
- the division length changing unit 2504 The subdivision unit 2501 is controlled so that the packet division length is changed periodically at a constant time interval and within a constant range in order to observe the error characteristics. For example, five packet division lengths of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 bytes are used. Note that, for the purpose of observing the error characteristics, the transmitting device 250 may change the packet division length in accordance with an instruction from the receiving device 250.
- reference numeral 2511 denotes a receiving recording unit
- reference numeral 2512 denotes a division length-combination determining unit.
- the reception recording unit 2511 records the length of the received packet and the error characteristics in order to observe the error characteristics.
- the division length / combination determination unit 2512 determines the bucket division length or the combination of the subdivision packets based on the record.
- the receiving device 2510 can know the fragment length from the received packet, and: The packet length is determined from the sequence number in the RTP header (such as 913 in Fig. 19). Loss can be detected.
- the reception recording unit 2511 assigns a unique number i to each division length, and records the packet division length B i, the number of received packets N i, and the number of lost packets M i. Then, F i2 M i / (N i + M i) is obtained for each number i.
- F i is the packet loss rate
- a division length B i that reduces this ratio is selected by the division length / combination determination unit 2 512. Then, the transmitting device 250 is notified of the selected division length B i.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it can contribute to the improvement of the transmission method of the media data which flows through a network, especially the internet, and its relay method.
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Description
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AU2001276731A AU2001276731A1 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2001-08-06 | Data transmission method and data relay method |
EP01954445A EP1313318A1 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2001-08-06 | Data transmission method and data relay method |
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JP2000255068 | 2000-08-25 | ||
JP2000-255068 | 2000-08-25 | ||
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PCT/JP2001/006719 WO2002017637A1 (fr) | 2000-08-25 | 2001-08-06 | Procede de transmission de donnees et procede de relais de donnees |
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US (1) | US20020164024A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1313318A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
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US20020164024A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
EP1313318A1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
AU2001276731A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 |
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