WO2002013310A1 - Arrangement and method for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and/or antennae and antennae diagrams - Google Patents

Arrangement and method for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and/or antennae and antennae diagrams Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002013310A1
WO2002013310A1 PCT/DE2001/003066 DE0103066W WO0213310A1 WO 2002013310 A1 WO2002013310 A1 WO 2002013310A1 DE 0103066 W DE0103066 W DE 0103066W WO 0213310 A1 WO0213310 A1 WO 0213310A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arrangement
elements
radiators
arrangement according
carrier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2001/003066
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Frank E. WÖTZEL
Mario Nowack
Original Assignee
Woetzel Frank E
Mario Nowack
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Woetzel Frank E, Mario Nowack filed Critical Woetzel Frank E
Priority to AU2001283799A priority Critical patent/AU2001283799A1/en
Priority to DE50107929T priority patent/DE50107929D1/en
Priority to DE10193204T priority patent/DE10193204D2/en
Priority to AT01962629T priority patent/ATE308806T1/en
Priority to EP01962629A priority patent/EP1312135B1/en
Publication of WO2002013310A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002013310A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/12—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism functioning also as polarisation filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/23—Combinations of reflecting surfaces with refracting or diffracting devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H01Q15/246—Polarisation converters rotating the plane of polarisation of a linear polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for influencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and / or antennas and antenna diagrams.
  • the fields of application of the invention extend primarily to the areas of communication technology in the fields of stationary, portable and mobile transmission and reception systems of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation sources, in particular of geostationary or rotating satellite systems and land or air mobile sources, contactless sensor technology, security technology and radar technology.
  • Known methods for evaluating sources of electromagnetic radiation preferably use source-specific signals as the evaluation criterion or, in the case of the known position or movement property of the source, its known spatial coordinates or movement information or their relationship to other known spatial coordinates.
  • the evaluation is carried out on the basis of known position data from the source and / or signal receiver or on the basis of a comparison of the transponder assignment with a reference assignment.
  • Such a reception system is tracked on the basis of the evaluation of the reception signal with the inclusion of external sensors and / or data on the movement or direction information of the observer.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an arrangement located in the so-called “low-cost range” for the targeted influencing and control of an electromagnetic field, preferably in antenna arrangements or excitation of antenna arrangements, preferably of surface radiators, with the possibility of changing the components of the defined electromagnetic radiation field, so that a limited but arbitrarily changeable synthesis and / or formation of the radiation diagram, preferably the or the
  • Radiation diagram maxima in the form and temporal continuity preferably in the form of a discrete or continuously revolving maximum around the respective elevation level.
  • the shape of the resulting radiation diagram should be adapted to the respective function to be implemented, preferably the radiation maximum and its precise control, while at the same time obtaining clear, assigned directional information, which is carried out by an external control and evaluation unit.
  • a set of solutions of planar or three-dimensional, preferably parasitic, preferably passive, radiation and switching elements, preferably arranged on a common carrier, are to be realized, which can be adapted to the respective task of influencing the field by means of their physical form with the functionality, the resulting diagram, preferably to synthesize the entire radiator arrangement or partial components by changing the amplitude and phase distribution of the parasitic radiators according to the task and to enable spectral diversification Offer.
  • the arrangement is intended for retrofitting, preferably in existing ones
  • Antenna and / or radiator systems both with transmitting and also receptive functionalities.
  • the field should be influenced discretely continuously, discretely or continuously by external control and switching elements or processors.
  • a preferably planar or three-dimensional arrangement II which is adapted in its functionality and functionality to the task to be solved (according to FIG. 1).
  • the complex H or E components of the electromagnetic field are synthesized according to the invention by controllable superimposition with the aid of the arrangement II (FIG. 2).
  • the geometrical fixation of the arrangement II in the area of the source field takes place on the basis of an aperture level III and comprises an aperture space IV and is task-specific or solution-specific.
  • the object according to the invention is further achieved by designing the arrangement II in the form of an EM source field synthesis using preferably planar or three-dimensional radiator elements (VI) which are preferably applied parallel to the aperture planes III and IV on a suitable, preferably dielectric support (V) and are arranged in a task-specific manner and are connected by control elements of certain high-frequency transmission properties (VII) (Fig. 3).
  • the arrangement of the radiator elements is in the area of the aperture space, which is enclosed by the two aperture levels, in a solution-specific manner, preferably parallel or three-dimensional to the aperture level.
  • the generation of the parasitic source field in the area of the aperture space takes place through a controllable interaction of the radiator elements with the source field of source 1 (passive) or solution-specific by overlaying the source field with a reinforcing effect (active) or feeding the radiators through a relationship that is determined to the source field ( Phase and amplitude) standing excitation (external supply).
  • the emitters or pairs of emitters are designed to be task-specific as planar surface emitters, dipole or monopole arrangements, combinations of the aforementioned or so-called aperture emitters.
  • the radiator elements are arranged in an angular relationship ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) to the aperture level, preferably in the orthogonal direction (Fig. 4).
  • the object of the invention is achieved by timing the phase and amplitude relationship of individual or groups of radiator pairs.
  • the associated information (direction, vector) is obtained with the aid of the external control and evaluation unit in such a way that the arrangement according to the invention is controlled via one or more microprocessors and via the linked evaluation of the amplitudes and phase position of the signal-treated
  • Receiving signal components enables a clear assignment of the vectorial position and temporal vectorial progress of the event ( Figure 5).
  • the object according to the invention is achieved by embedding the arrangement II according to the invention in a suitable low-dielectric plastic with a low dielectric loss factor and a low dielectric constant, in such a way that the arrangement has a preferably closed-cell, superficial skin
  • Rigid polyurethane foam with a volume weight between 120 kg / m 3 to 250 kg / m 3 is completely enclosed.
  • an advantage of the solution according to the invention is that no mechanically moving components are required and the arrangement as such can be manufactured as a whole with high mechanical precision with the least effort, and ensures a high tolerance to different environmental conditions (temperature, air humidity, aggressive media).
  • Figure 6 shows the EM field control matrix for the case of the circular aperture of the source field for use in a reflector antenna system in accordance with.
  • Fig. 7 shown.
  • radiator elements which is designed as a linear radiator in dipole form and is connected to the network orthogonally to the display level.
  • a pair of radiators is connected to one another by a component, in this case a suitable PIN diode.
  • the task according to the invention is achieved by the spatial distribution of the radiator pairs as a whole and the distance and the length of the individual beams.
  • the control of the radiator pairs is carried out by the logic module at point 6.3, which at the same time realizes the connection to the evaluation and control unit via interface 6.5.
  • control lines and the high-frequency waveguide are connected in the exemplary embodiment using microstrip technology.
  • the dielectric carrier 6.4 was provided in the center with a recess which correlates in a ratio with the aperture of the source radiator.
  • Fig. 7 shows the arrangement of the components according to the invention for use in an offset reflector antenna.
  • the reflector antenna 1 and the receiving system (LNB or LNC) 2 represent the usual arrangement.
  • the antenna arrangement is connected to a positioning system in azimuth and elevation.
  • the EM field control matrix 3 is firmly attached between the reflector and the horn of the LNB, specifically at a distance of 2 cm from the outer edge of the horn.
  • the signal emitted by the LNC is fed to the evaluation and control unit 6 and is emitted again without being influenced by the latter. Internally, the power is divided for the purpose
  • the EM field control matrix is connected to the evaluation and control unit by a bus cable 5. According to the invention, signal processing and evaluation take place in the evaluation and control unit.
  • the directional information obtained is passed on to the conventional electromechanical positioning system via a corresponding bus system 8, for the purpose of tracking the antenna to a moving target (satellite reception while driving a boat).
  • the change in the beam influence is made adaptively with the change in the tracking task.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement and method for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and/or antennae and antennae diagrams, comprising a support as assembly surface for planar or three-dimensional emitter elements and circuit, control and transmission or supply elements. Said support is arranged in a high frequency electromagnetic source field in an aperture cavity. Emitter elements are arranged on the support parallel to the aperture plane or in three dimensions, said emitter elements are controlled individually, or in pairs, by means of low frequency or high frequency signals, or a combination thereof. The elements for controlling the emitter elements are arranged completely or partially on the support and the arrangement is freely programmable with regard to signal allocation thereof and may be altered over time.

Description

Anordnung zur Beeinflussung und Steuerung elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder und/oder Antennen und AntennendiagrammenArrangement for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and / or antennas and antenna diagrams
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anordnung und ein Verfahren zur Beeinflussung und Steuerung elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder und/oder Antennen und Antennendiagrammen.The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for influencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and / or antennas and antenna diagrams.
Die Anwendungsgebiete der Erfindung erstrecken sich vorrangig auf die Bereiche der Kommunikationstechnik auf den Gebieten von stationären, portablen und mobilen Sende- und Empfangssystemen hochfrequenter elektromagnetischer Strahlungsquellen, insbesondere von geostationären oder umlaufenden Satellitensystemen und land- oder luftmobilen Quellen, der berührungslosen Sensortechnik, der Sicherheitstechnik und der Radartechnik.The fields of application of the invention extend primarily to the areas of communication technology in the fields of stationary, portable and mobile transmission and reception systems of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation sources, in particular of geostationary or rotating satellite systems and land or air mobile sources, contactless sensor technology, security technology and radar technology.
Bekannte Verfahren zur Bewertung von Quellen elektromagnetischer Strahlung nutzen als Bewertungskriterium vorzugsweise quelleigene Signale oder für den Fall der bekannten Position oder Bewegungseigenschaft der Quelle, deren bekannte Raumkoordinaten oder Bewegungsinformation bzw. deren Bezug zu anderen bekannten Raumkoordinaten. Im Bereich der Erfassung von geostationären Quellen, insbesondere im Bereich der geostationären Satellitensysteme, wird die Bewertung auf Grundlage bekannter Positionsdaten von Quelle und/oder Signalempfänger realisiert oder auf Basis eines Vergleichs der Transponderbelegung mit einer Referenzbelegung. Die Nachführung eines solchen Empfangssystems erfolgt auf der Grundlage der Bewertung des Empfangssignales unter Einbeziehung externer Sensoren und/oder Daten über die Bewegungs- oder Richtungsinformationen des Beobachters.Known methods for evaluating sources of electromagnetic radiation preferably use source-specific signals as the evaluation criterion or, in the case of the known position or movement property of the source, its known spatial coordinates or movement information or their relationship to other known spatial coordinates. In the area of the acquisition of geostationary sources, in particular in the area of geostationary satellite systems, the evaluation is carried out on the basis of known position data from the source and / or signal receiver or on the basis of a comparison of the transponder assignment with a reference assignment. Such a reception system is tracked on the basis of the evaluation of the reception signal with the inclusion of external sensors and / or data on the movement or direction information of the observer.
Weitere bekannte Nachführ- und/oder Trackinglösungen auf Grundlage der elektronischen Diagrammsynthese und -bewertung haben insbesondere den Nachteil, durch den hohen apperativen und systemimanten Aufwand auf Anwendungen im Hochkostenbereich beschränkt zu bleiben. Sie sind grundsätzlich nicht für die Nachrüstung in bestehenden Systemen geeignet. Des weitem Weiterhin gewährleisten die bekannten Systeme keine spektral einstellbare, differenzierte Wirkung in einem großen Bandbreitenbereich.Other known tracking and / or tracking solutions based on the electronic diagram synthesis and evaluation have the disadvantage, in particular, of remaining restricted to high-cost applications due to the high level of apperative and system-related effort. They are generally not suitable for retrofitting in existing systems. Furthermore, the known systems do not guarantee a spectrally adjustable, differentiated effect in a wide bandwidth.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht daher in der Bereitstellung einer im sogenannten „Low-Cost-Bereich angesiedelten Anordnung zur zielgerichteten Beeinflussung und Steuerung eines elektromagnetischen Feldes, vorzugsweise in Antennenanordnungen oder Erregem von Antennenanordnungen, vorzugsweise von Flächenstrahlern, mit der Möglichkeit der definierten Änderung der Komponenten des elektromagnetischen Strahlungsfeldes, so dass eine begrenzte, jedoch beliebig änderbare Synthese und/oder Formierung des Strahlungsdiagramms, vorzugsweise des oder derThe object of the invention is therefore to provide an arrangement located in the so-called “low-cost range” for the targeted influencing and control of an electromagnetic field, preferably in antenna arrangements or excitation of antenna arrangements, preferably of surface radiators, with the possibility of changing the components of the defined electromagnetic radiation field, so that a limited but arbitrarily changeable synthesis and / or formation of the radiation diagram, preferably the or the
Strahlungsdiagrammmaxima in Form und zeitlicher Kontinuität, vorzugsweise in Form eines diskret oder kontinuierlich umlaufenden Maximums um die jeweilige Elevationsebene erreicht wird. Die Form des resultierenden Strahlungsdiagramms soll an die jeweilige zu realisierende Funktion, vorzugsweise des Strahlungsmaximums und dessen genaue Steuerung bei gleichzeitiger Gewinnung einer eindeutigen, zugeordneten Richtungsinformation angepasst werden, welche durch eine externe Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit vorgenommen wird. Es soll eine Lösungsschar von planaren oder dreidimensionalen, vorzugsweise auf einem gemeinsamen Träger angeordneten geeigneten parasitären, vorzugsweise passiven, Strahlungs- und Schaltelementen realisiert werden, die sich an die jeweilige Aufgabe der Feldbeeinflussung durch ihre gegenständliche Form anpassen lassen mit der Funktionalität, das resultierende Diagramm, vorzugsweise der kompletten Strahleranordnung oder von Teilkomponenten durch Änderung der Amplituden- und Phasenverteilung der Parasitärstrahler aufgabengemäß zu synthetisieren und die Möglichkeit zur spektralen Diversifizierung zu bieten. Zugleich soll eine vorzugsweise Feldkopplung der Anordnung imRadiation diagram maxima in the form and temporal continuity, preferably in the form of a discrete or continuously revolving maximum around the respective elevation level. The shape of the resulting radiation diagram should be adapted to the respective function to be implemented, preferably the radiation maximum and its precise control, while at the same time obtaining clear, assigned directional information, which is carried out by an external control and evaluation unit. A set of solutions of planar or three-dimensional, preferably parasitic, preferably passive, radiation and switching elements, preferably arranged on a common carrier, are to be realized, which can be adapted to the respective task of influencing the field by means of their physical form with the functionality, the resulting diagram, preferably to synthesize the entire radiator arrangement or partial components by changing the amplitude and phase distribution of the parasitic radiators according to the task and to enable spectral diversification Offer. At the same time, preferably a field coupling of the arrangement in
Strahlersystem ohne dass dabei die Funktionalität der Anordnung insgesamt in ihrer generellen Anwendung beeinflusst wird, bewirkt werden.Radiator system without affecting the functionality of the arrangement as a whole in its general application.
Die Anordnung soll zur Nachrüstung vorzugsweise in bestehendenThe arrangement is intended for retrofitting, preferably in existing ones
Antennen- und/oder Strahlersystemen, sowohl mit transmittierenden als auch rezeptierenden Funktionalitäten geeignet sein.Antenna and / or radiator systems, both with transmitting and also receptive functionalities.
Die Feldbeeinflussung soll diskret kontinuierlich, diskret oder kontinuierlich durch externe Steuer- und Schaltelemente oder Prozessoren erfolgen.The field should be influenced discretely continuously, discretely or continuously by external control and switching elements or processors.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Anordnung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 2 bis 11.The object is achieved by an arrangement with the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements of the invention result from the features of claims 2 to 11.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird in Wellenausbreitungsrichtung im Quellfeld eines ektromagnetischen Wechselfeldes der Quelle I eine vorzugsweise planare oder dreidimensionale Anordnung II, welche durch ihren Aufbau und geometrische Positionierung in ihrer Funktionalität an die zu lösende Aufgabe angepasst wird (gemäß Abb. 1). Mit Hilfe der Anordnung II werden die komplexen H- bzw. E-Komponenten des elektromagnetischen Feldes durch steuerbare Überlagerung mit Hilfe der Anordnung II erfindungsgemäß synthetisiert (Abb. 2). Die geometrische Fixierung der Anordnung II im Bereich des Quellfeldes erfolgt anhand einer Aperturebene III und umfasst einen Aperturraum IV und ist aufgabenspezifisch bzw. lösungsspezifisch.According to the invention, in the wave propagation direction in the source field of an alternating electromagnetic field of the source I, a preferably planar or three-dimensional arrangement II, which is adapted in its functionality and functionality to the task to be solved (according to FIG. 1). With the help of the arrangement II, the complex H or E components of the electromagnetic field are synthesized according to the invention by controllable superimposition with the aid of the arrangement II (FIG. 2). The geometrical fixation of the arrangement II in the area of the source field takes place on the basis of an aperture level III and comprises an aperture space IV and is task-specific or solution-specific.
Die Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe erfolgt weiterhin durch die Gestaltung der Anordnung II in Form einer EM-Quellfeldsynthese durch vorzugsweise planare oder dreidimensionale Strahlerelemente (VI), die vorzugsweise parallel zur Aperturebene III und IV auf einem geeigneten, vorzugsweise dielektrischen Träger (V) aufgebracht sind und in ihrer Anordnung aufgabenspezifisch verteilt sind und durch Steuerelemente bestimmter hochfrequenter Transmissionseigenschaften verbunden sind (VII) (Abb. 3). Die Anordnung der Strahlerelemente ist grundsätzlich im Bereich des Aperturraumes, welcher durch die beiden Aperturebenen eingeschlossen wird, lösungsspezifisch vorzugsweise parallel oder dreidimensional zur Aperturebene. Die Generierung des parasitären Quellfeldes im Bereich des Aperturraumes erfolgt durch eine steuerbare Wechselwirkung der Strahlerelemente mit dem Quellfeld der Quelle 1 (passiv) oder lösungsspezifisch durch Überlagerung des Quellfeldes mit verstärkender Wirkung (aktiv) bzw. Speisung der Strahler durch eine zum Quellfeld in determinierter Beziehung (Phase und Amplitude) stehende Anregung (Fremdspeisung).The object according to the invention is further achieved by designing the arrangement II in the form of an EM source field synthesis using preferably planar or three-dimensional radiator elements (VI) which are preferably applied parallel to the aperture planes III and IV on a suitable, preferably dielectric support (V) and are arranged in a task-specific manner and are connected by control elements of certain high-frequency transmission properties (VII) (Fig. 3). The arrangement of the radiator elements is in the area of the aperture space, which is enclosed by the two aperture levels, in a solution-specific manner, preferably parallel or three-dimensional to the aperture level. The generation of the parasitic source field in the area of the aperture space takes place through a controllable interaction of the radiator elements with the source field of source 1 (passive) or solution-specific by overlaying the source field with a reinforcing effect (active) or feeding the radiators through a relationship that is determined to the source field ( Phase and amplitude) standing excitation (external supply).
Die Ausführung der Strahler oder Strahlerpaare erfolgt erfindungsgemäß aufgabenspezifisch als planare Flächenstrahler, Dipol- oder Monopolanordnungen, Kombinationen aus vorgenannten oder sogenannten Aperturstrahlern. Die Anordnung der Strahlerelemente erfolgt in einer der Aufgabe angepassten Winkelbeziehung (α, ß) zur Aperturebene, vorzugsweise in orthogonaler Richtung (Abb. 4).According to the invention, the emitters or pairs of emitters are designed to be task-specific as planar surface emitters, dipole or monopole arrangements, combinations of the aforementioned or so-called aperture emitters. The radiator elements are arranged in an angular relationship (α, β) to the aperture level, preferably in the orthogonal direction (Fig. 4).
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch zeitliche Steuerung der Phasen- und Amplitudenbeziehung von einzelnen oder Gruppen von Strahlerpaaren.The object of the invention is achieved by timing the phase and amplitude relationship of individual or groups of radiator pairs.
Die Gewinnung der zugeordneten Informationen (Richtung, Vektor) wird mit Hilfe der externen Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit in der Form vorgenommen, dass über einen oder mehrere Mikroprozessoren die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung gesteuert wird und über die verknüpfte Auswertung der Amplituden und Phasenlage der signalbehandeltenThe associated information (direction, vector) is obtained with the aid of the external control and evaluation unit in such a way that the arrangement according to the invention is controlled via one or more microprocessors and via the linked evaluation of the amplitudes and phase position of the signal-treated
Empfangssignalkomponenten eine eindeutige Zuordnung über die vektorielle Lage und zeitlichen vektoriellen Fortschritt des Ereignisses ermöglicht (Abbildung 5).Receiving signal components enables a clear assignment of the vectorial position and temporal vectorial progress of the event (Figure 5).
Die Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe erfolgt durch das Einbetten der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung II in einen geeigneten niederdielektrischen Kunststoff mit geringen dielektrischen Verlustfaktor und geringer Dielektrizitätskonstante, dergestalt, dass die Anordnung von einem vorzugsweise geschlossenzelligen, oberflächlich verhautetenThe object according to the invention is achieved by embedding the arrangement II according to the invention in a suitable low-dielectric plastic with a low dielectric loss factor and a low dielectric constant, in such a way that the arrangement has a preferably closed-cell, superficial skin
Polyurethanhartschaum eines Volumengewichtes zwischen 120 kg/m3 bis 250 kg/m3 vollständig umschlossen wird.Rigid polyurethane foam with a volume weight between 120 kg / m 3 to 250 kg / m 3 is completely enclosed.
Ein besonderer Vorzug der Erfindung besteht in der Verknüpfung der Steuersignale für die Feldsteuermatrix und der zeitverknüpften Auswertung der gewonnenen Signale durch eine geeignete Anordnung von Prozessor- und Signalbehandlungskomponenten dergestalt, dass ein anwendungsspezifisches Signal gewonnen wird, welches eine ebenfalls anwendungsspezifische Aussage über die Änderung von Vektoren in Betrag und Phase (z.B. der Richtung) des empfangenen Quellfeldes zur Position der Empfangseinheit bei genauer Aussage über das Erreichen des Optimums (Vektor = 0,0) zulässt ohne dabei die Systemfunktion insgesamt zu verändern oder zu beeinträchtigen.A particular advantage of the invention is the combination of the control signals for the field control matrix and the time-linked evaluation the signals obtained by a suitable arrangement of processor and signal processing components such that an application-specific signal is obtained which also provides an application-specific statement about the change in vectors in magnitude and phase (for example the direction) of the received source field to the position of the receiving unit with a precise statement allows you to reach the optimum (vector = 0.0) without changing or impairing the overall system function.
Des weiteren besteht ein Vorzug der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung darin, dass keinerlei mechanisch bewegte Komponenten erforderlich sind und die Anordnung als solche insgesamt mit hoher mechanischer Präzision bei geringstem Aufwand fertigbar ist, sowie eine hohe Toleranz gegenüber unterschiedlichen Umweltbedingungen gewährleistet (Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, aggressive Medien).Furthermore, an advantage of the solution according to the invention is that no mechanically moving components are required and the arrangement as such can be manufactured as a whole with high mechanical precision with the least effort, and ensures a high tolerance to different environmental conditions (temperature, air humidity, aggressive media).
Ausführungsbeispielembodiment
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung soll anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert werden. In der Abbildung 6 ist die EM-Feldsteuermatrix für den Fall der kreisrunden Apertur des Quellfeldes für die Nutzung in einem Reflektorantennensystem gem. Abb. 7 dargestellt.The solution according to the invention will be explained using an exemplary embodiment. Figure 6 shows the EM field control matrix for the case of the circular aperture of the source field for use in a reflector antenna system in accordance with. Fig. 7 shown.
An den Stellen 6.2 befindet sich jeweils ein Paar von Strahlerelementen, welches als Linearstrahler in Dipolform ausgebildet ist und orthogonal zur Darstellungsebene mit dem Netzwerk verbunden ist. An den Stellen 6.2 wird je ein Strahlerpaar durch ein Bauelement, in diesem Fall eine geeignete PIN Diode miteinander verbunden. Durch die räumliche Verteilung der Strahlerpaare insgesamt und den Abstand und die Länge der Einzelstrahlen wird die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe gelöst. Die Ansteuerung der Strahlerpaare erfolgt durch den Logikbaustein an der Stelle 6.3, der gleichzeitig die Verbindung zur Auswerte- und Steuereinheit über die Schnittstelle 6.5 realisiert.At locations 6.2 there is a pair of radiator elements, which is designed as a linear radiator in dipole form and is connected to the network orthogonally to the display level. At points 6.2, a pair of radiators is connected to one another by a component, in this case a suitable PIN diode. The task according to the invention is achieved by the spatial distribution of the radiator pairs as a whole and the distance and the length of the individual beams. The control of the radiator pairs is carried out by the logic module at point 6.3, which at the same time realizes the connection to the evaluation and control unit via interface 6.5.
Die Anschaltung der Steuerleitungen und der hochfrequenten Wellenleiter erfolgt im Ausführungsbeispiel in Microstriptechnik. Der dielektrische Träger 6.4 wurde im Ausführungsbeispiel zwecks Minimierung der Verluste mittig mit einer Aussparung versehen, welche in einem Verhältnis mit der Apertur des Quellstrahlers korreliert.The control lines and the high-frequency waveguide are connected in the exemplary embodiment using microstrip technology. In order to minimize the losses, the dielectric carrier 6.4 was provided in the center with a recess which correlates in a ratio with the aperture of the source radiator.
In der Abb. 7 ist die Anordnung der erfindungsgemäßen Komponenten für den Fall des Einsatzes in einer Offset-Reflektorantenne wiedergegeben.Fig. 7 shows the arrangement of the components according to the invention for use in an offset reflector antenna.
Die Reflektorantenne 1 und das Empfangssystem (LNB oder LNC) 2 stellen die übliche Anordnung dar. Die Antennenanordnung sei mit einem Positioniersystem in Azimut und Elevation verbunden. Zur Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe wird die EM-Feldsteuermatrix 3 zwischen Reflektor und Hörn des LNB fest angebracht, und zwar in einem Abstand von 2 cm von der Hornaußenkante. Das vom LNC abgebende Signal wird der Auswerte- und Steuereinheit 6 zugeführt und von dieser unbeeinflusst wieder abgegeben 7. Intern erfolgt eine Leistungsteilung zwecksThe reflector antenna 1 and the receiving system (LNB or LNC) 2 represent the usual arrangement. The antenna arrangement is connected to a positioning system in azimuth and elevation. To achieve the object according to the invention, the EM field control matrix 3 is firmly attached between the reflector and the horn of the LNB, specifically at a distance of 2 cm from the outer edge of the horn. The signal emitted by the LNC is fed to the evaluation and control unit 6 and is emitted again without being influenced by the latter. Internally, the power is divided for the purpose
Signalweiterverarbeitung. Die EM-Feldsteuermatrix ist mit der Auswerte- und Steuereinheit durch ein Buskabel 5 verbunden. In der Auswerte- und Steuereinheit erfolgen Signalverarbeitung und -auswertung erfindungsgemäß. Die gewonnenen Richtungsinformationen werden über ein entsprechendes Bussystem 8 an das herkömmliche elektromechanische Positioniersystem weitergegeben, zum Zweck der Nachführung der Antenne auf ein bewegtes Ziel (Satellitenempfang während der Fahr mit einem Boot).Signal processing. The EM field control matrix is connected to the evaluation and control unit by a bus cable 5. According to the invention, signal processing and evaluation take place in the evaluation and control unit. The directional information obtained is passed on to the conventional electromechanical positioning system via a corresponding bus system 8, for the purpose of tracking the antenna to a moving target (satellite reception while driving a boat).
Die Änderung der Strahlbeeinflussung wird adaptiv mit der Änderung der Nachführaufgabe vorgenommen. The change in the beam influence is made adaptively with the change in the tracking task.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Anordnung zur Beeinflussung und Steuerung elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder und/oder Antennen und Antennendiagramme, gekennzeichnet durch,1 . Arrangement for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and / or antennas and antenna diagrams, characterized by
- einen Träger als Montagefläche für planare oder dreidimensionale Strahlerelemente und Schalt-, Steuer- und Transmissionsoder Speiseelemente;- A carrier as a mounting surface for planar or three-dimensional radiator elements and switching, control and transmission or feed elements;
- der Träger in einem hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Quellfeld in einem Aperturraum, begrenzt durch die Aperturflächen IM und IV angeordnet ist;- The carrier is arranged in a high-frequency electromagnetic source field in an aperture space, delimited by the aperture areas IM and IV;
- auf dem Träger parallel oder dreidimensional zu den Aperturebenen III und IV Strahlerelemente angeordnet sind;- Radiator elements are arranged on the carrier parallel or three-dimensionally to the aperture planes III and IV;
- die Strahlerelemente durch niederfrequente oder hochfrequente Signale oder eine Kombination davon einzeln oder paarweise angesteuert sind;- The radiator elements are controlled individually or in pairs by low-frequency or high-frequency signals or a combination thereof;
- die Elemente zur Ansteuerung der Strahlerelemente vollständig oder teilweise auf dem Träger angeordnet sind;- The elements for controlling the radiator elements are arranged completely or partially on the carrier;
- die Anordnung in ihrer Signalzuweisung frei programmierbar und zeitlich änderbar ist.- The arrangement of its signal assignment is freely programmable and can be changed over time.
2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Träger ein dielektrischer Träger ist, dessen Material in seiner äußeren und inneren Form frei wählbar ist.2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier is a dielectric carrier, the material in its outer and inner shape is freely selectable.
3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strahlerelemente als planare Flächenstrahler, Dipol- oder Monopolanordnungen, Aperturstrahler, dielektrische Bildleiterelemente oder Kombinationen davon ausgeführt sind.3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radiator elements are designed as planar surface radiators, dipole or monopole arrangements, aperture radiators, dielectric image guide elements or combinations thereof.
4. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ansteuerung der Strahlerelemente mittels Schalt-, Steuer- und Transmissionselementen erfolgt und wahlweise in Microstrip-, Triplate-, Microslot-, dielektrischer Bildleiteroder Hohlleitertechnik ausgeführt ist.4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control of the radiator elements takes place by means of switching, control and transmission elements and is optionally carried out in microstrip, triplate, microslot, dielectric image guide or waveguide technology.
5. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - die Anordnung der Strahler oder Strahlerpaare der zu lösenden Aufgabe angepasst ist und diese frei auf dem Träger verteilt sind;5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that - The arrangement of the emitters or pairs of emitters is adapted to the task to be solved and these are freely distributed on the carrier;
- die Strahler oder Strahlerpaare dreidimensional mit weiteren Trägern angeordnet sind;- The radiators or pairs of radiators are arranged three-dimensionally with further carriers;
- die Strahler oder Strahlerpaare fest fixiert oder mechanisch schwenkbar angeordnet sind;- The radiators or pairs of radiators are fixed or mechanically pivoted;
- der Winkel der Strahler oder Strahlerpaare zueinander bezogen auf die Flächennormale konstant ist;- The angle of the radiators or pairs of radiators relative to one another is constant with respect to the surface normal;
- mindestens zwei Einzelstrahler zu Strahlerpaaren zusammenge- fasst sind;- At least two individual radiators are combined to form radiator pairs;
- die Strahler beliebig in Bezug auf ihre geometrische Mitte auf dem Träger montiert sind;- The spotlights are mounted anywhere on the support with respect to their geometric center;
- der Träger als planare oder gekrümmte Fläche oder dreidimensional ausgebildet ist.- The carrier is designed as a planar or curved surface or three-dimensionally.
6. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
- sie zum Quellfeld sowohl direkt als auch in einfach und doppelt fokussierenden Antennenanordnungen sowohl direkt oder offset erregt, angeordnet sind;- They are either directly or offset excited, arranged directly or offset to the source field, as well as in single and double focusing antenna arrangements;
- die Strahlerelemente durch geeignete hochfrequenztechnische Bauelemente in SMD-Technik verknüpft sind;- The radiator elements are linked by suitable high-frequency components in SMD technology;
- die Anordnung insgesamt auf dem dielektrischen Träger oder in MMIC, HBT, Epitaxi ausgeführt ist.- The arrangement as a whole is carried out on the dielectric carrier or in MMIC, HBT, Epitaxi.
7. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass7. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that
- die sie in einen niederelektrischen Kunststoff mit geringem dielektrischem Verlustfaktor und geringer Dielektrizitätskonstante, vorzugsweise einem geschlossenzelligen Polyurethanschaum eines Volumengewichtes zwischen 1 20 kg/m^ bis 250 kg/m^ eingeschlossen ist;- It is enclosed in a low-electrical plastic with a low dielectric loss factor and low dielectric constant, preferably a closed-cell polyurethane foam with a volume weight between 1 20 kg / m ^ to 250 kg / m ^;
- die Strahlerelemente sowohl als H- oder E-Feld sensitive oder wechselwirkende Bauelemente ausgeführt sind.- The radiator elements are designed both as H or E field sensitive or interacting components.
8. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit einer externen Auswerte- und Steuereinheit verbunden und informationstechnisch verknüpft ist.8. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is connected to an external evaluation and control unit and is linked in terms of information technology.
9. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass9. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that
- die externe Auswerte- und Steuereinheit die Anordnung so steuert und kontrolliert, dass dem Quellfeld ein Steuerfeld überlagert ist, welches zu einer definierten Änderung der Strahlungseigenschaften, vorzugsweise der Strahlungseigenschaften in Hauptstrahlungsrichtung, führt, vorzugsweise in Form eines elektrisch steuerbaren umlaufenden Maximums oder Minimus bei steuerbarer Änderung der Winkelbeziehungen in azimualer und Elevationsebene der Hauptstrahlungsrichtung; - das so generierte Signal einer Signalbehandlung und Auswertung unterzogen ist und eine Phasen- und Amplitudenbeziehung zwischen Steuersignalen und Auswertesignalen durch den Einsatz geeigneter Signalbehandlungstechniken besteht;- The external evaluation and control unit controls and controls the arrangement in such a way that a control field is superimposed on the source field, which leads to a defined change in the radiation properties, preferably the radiation properties in the main radiation direction, preferably in the form of an electrically controllable rotating maximum or minimum with controllable ones Change of the angular relationships in azimual and elevation plane of the main radiation direction; - The signal generated in this way is subjected to signal treatment and evaluation and there is a phase and amplitude relationship between control signals and evaluation signals through the use of suitable signal treatment techniques;
- die Abweichung der Lage und des zeitlichen Fortschritts des Positionsvektors in Orthogonalen zur Aperturebene eindeutig auswertbar ist;- The deviation of the position and the temporal progress of the position vector in orthogonal to the aperture level can be clearly evaluated;
- ein entsprechendes Nachführsignal generiert ist;- A corresponding tracking signal is generated;
- die Steuersignale adaptiv an die Art und das zeitliche Verhalten der Änderung angepasst sind;- The control signals are adaptively adapted to the type and timing of the change;
- die Steuereinheit über Schnittstellen für die Ansteuerung von Baugruppen für elektromechanische Bewegungsmodul oder deren Komponenten verfügt;- The control unit has interfaces for the control of modules for electromechanical movement module or their components;
- die Steuereinheit über die Möglichkeit der adaptiven Nullsteuerung der Strahlungscharakteristik verfügt (Vektor in orthogonaler Richtung zur Aperturebene);- The control unit has the possibility of adaptive zero control of the radiation characteristic (vector in the orthogonal direction to the aperture level);
- die Steuereinheit über Einrichtungen zur Signalbehandlung im Original- und/oder in einem Zwischenfrequenzbereich verfügt.- The control unit has facilities for signal processing in the original and / or in an intermediate frequency range.
10. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit Primärstrahlersystemen verbunden in Reflektor- oder Flächenstrahlersystemen angeordnet ist und die resultierenden Strahlungseigenschaften des gesamten Antennensystems steuert.10. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is connected to primary radiator systems and arranged in reflector or panel radiator systems and controls the resulting radiation properties of the entire antenna system.
1 1 . Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anordnung vorzugsweise zum Zweck der adaptiven Nachführung von Signalen in elektromechanisch bewegten Antennenanordnungen eingesetzt ist. 1 1. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the arrangement is preferably used for the purpose of adaptive tracking of signals in electromechanically moved antenna arrangements.
PCT/DE2001/003066 2000-08-10 2001-08-10 Arrangement and method for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and/or antennae and antennae diagrams WO2002013310A1 (en)

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DE50107929T DE50107929D1 (en) 2000-08-10 2001-08-10 ARRANGEMENT FOR INFLUENCING AND CONTROLLING ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHES AND / OR ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA DIAGRAMS
DE10193204T DE10193204D2 (en) 2000-08-10 2001-08-10 Arrangement for influencing and controlling alternating electromagnetic fields and or antennas and antenna diagrams
AT01962629T ATE308806T1 (en) 2000-08-10 2001-08-10 ARRANGEMENT FOR INFLUENCING AND CONTROLLING ALTERNATING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND/OR ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA DIAGRAMS
EP01962629A EP1312135B1 (en) 2000-08-10 2001-08-10 Arrangement and method for influencing and controlling electromagnetic alternating fields and/or antennae and antennae diagrams

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