WO2002010236A1 - Compatibilisant a base de polyolefine a greffons polyamide et melanges comprenant ce compatibilisant - Google Patents
Compatibilisant a base de polyolefine a greffons polyamide et melanges comprenant ce compatibilisant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002010236A1 WO2002010236A1 PCT/FR2001/002471 FR0102471W WO0210236A1 WO 2002010236 A1 WO2002010236 A1 WO 2002010236A1 FR 0102471 W FR0102471 W FR 0102471W WO 0210236 A1 WO0210236 A1 WO 0210236A1
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- trunk
- grafts
- compatibilizer
- unsaturated monomer
- lactam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
- C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F285/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to preformed graft polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/08—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing additives to improve the compatibility between two polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compatibilizer based on polyolefin with polyamide grafts and the mixtures comprising this compatibilizer.
- Mixtures of polymers make it possible to prepare materials having improved or different properties by comparison with the polymers of which they are made.
- the polymers are not always miscible with each other and it is necessary to add to it a compatibilizing agent which is most often another polymer having affinities with each of the polymers to be mixed.
- the compatibilizers of the invention are useful for compatibilizing polyamides and polyolefins.
- the invention also relates to mixtures of polyamide and polyolefin comprising this compatibilizer.
- US Patent 5,342,886 describes mixtures of polymers comprising a compatibilizer and more particularly mixtures of polyamide and polypropylene.
- the compatibilizer consists of a polypropylene trunk to which polyamide grafts are attached. This compatibilizer is prepared from a homopolymer or copolymer polypropylene (the trunk) on which maleic anhydride is grafted. Separately, polyamide with a monoamine termination is prepared, that is to say having a friend end and an alkyl end. Then by mixing in the molten state, the monoamine polyamide is fixed on the polypropylene trunk by reaction between the amine function and maleic anhydride.
- WO 9950323 describes an improvement of the previous prior art. According to this prior art, 3-isopropenyl- ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzene isocyanate (TMI) of the following formula is grafted:
- the TMI is attached to the trunk by the double bond.
- the amount of TMI grafted is at most 1.8 parts by weight per 100 parts of the trunk.
- caprolactam and sodium caprolactamate are added as catalyst.
- An anionic polymerization of the caprolactam is thus carried out which begins and grows from the isocyanate function which has been grafted onto the polypropylene trunk.
- the isocyanate function serves as an activator for this polymerization.
- the polymerization of caprolactam to form the grafts is very slow, it is necessary to add activator in addition to the isocyanate but in addition to the compatibilizer, PA 6 homopolymer is produced.
- the caprolactam essentially polymerizes from the isocyanate activator and the compatibilizer is obtained, essentially comprising no PA 6 homopolymer.
- compatibilizers made of a polyolefin trunk on which polyamide grafts are attached can be made using other polyolefin and / or other monomer trunks for fixing and growing the grafts in polyamide.
- the present invention relates to a compatibilizer consisting of a polyolefin trunk and polyamide grafts in which:
- the grafts are attached to the trunk by the remains of an unsaturated monomer (A) having a function serving as an activator in the polymerization of lactams and which is not an isocyanate function,
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compatibilizer of this first form in which (i) the unsaturated monomer (A) is grafted onto the polyolefin trunk and then (ii) the precursor lactam of the grafts is added, a catalyst and it is heated to obtain the anionic polymerization of the lactam which develops from the activator function carried by (A). Then optionally separating the compatibilizer and the polyamide which has formed outside the grafts.
- the monomer (A) is not attached to the trunk by grafting from its double bond, but it was introduced by copolymerization during the preparation of the trunk.
- the present invention relates to a compatibilizer consisting of a polyolefin trunk and polyamide grafts in which:
- the grafts are attached to the trunk by the remains of an unsaturated monomer (A) having a function serving as an activator in the polymerization of lactams and which is not an isocyanate function,
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compatibilizer of this variant of the first form in which (i) the unsaturated monomer (A) and the other constituents of the polyolefin backbone are copolymerized then (ii) the precursor lactam of the grafts is added , a catalyst and it is heated to obtain the anionic polymerization of the lactam which develops from the activator function carried by (A). Then optionally separating the compatibilizer and the polyamide which has formed outside the grafts.
- This first variant is particularly advantageous for compatibilizers in which (A) is an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride such as, for example, maleic anhydride since polyolefins comprising copolymerized maleic anhydride are easy to prepare inexpensive and are available industrially. .
- the present invention relates to a compatibilizer consisting of a backbone of ethylene copolymer and of at least one ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid and of polyamide grafts in which:
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compatibilizer of this second form in which (i) the unsaturated monomer (A2) is grafted onto the trunk in copolymer of ethylene and at least one ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid and then (ii) adding the precursor lactam of the grafts, a catalyst and heating to obtain the anionic polymerization of the lactam which develops from the activator function carried by (A2). Then optionally separating the compatibilizer and the polyamide which has formed outside the grafts.
- the monomer (A2) is not fixed to the trunk by grafting but it was introduced by copolymerization during the preparation of the trunk.
- the present invention relates to a compatibilizer consisting of a trunk of ethylene copolymer and of at least one ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid and of polyamide grafts in which: The grafts are attached to the trunk by the remains of an unsaturated monomer (A2) having an isocyanate function serving as an activator in the polymerization of lactams,
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compatibilizer of this variant of the second form in which (i) the unsaturated monomer (A2) and the other constituents of the trunk are copolymerized into a copolymer of ethylene and at least one ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid then (ii) adding the precursor lactam of the grafts, a catalyst and heating to obtain the anionic polymerization of the lactam which develops from the activating function carried by (A2). Then optionally separating the compatibilizer and the polyamide which has formed outside the grafts.
- the present invention relates to a compatibilizer consisting of a polyolefin trunk and polyamide grafts in which:
- the grafts are attached to the trunk by the remains of a difunctional monomer (A3) having a first function serving as an activator in the polymerization of lactams and a second function capable of reacting with a reactive site of the polyolefin trunk,
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compatibilizer of this third form in which (i) the difunctional monomer (A3) is attached to the polyolefin trunk then (ii) the precursor lactam of the grafts is added, a catalyst and heating is carried out to obtain the anionic polymerization of the lactam which develops from the activator function carried by (A3).
- the present invention relates to a compatibilizer consisting of a polyolefin trunk and polyamide grafts in which: The grafts are attached to the trunk by the remains of an unsaturated monomer (A2) having an isocyanate function serving as an activator in the polymerization of lactams,
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing the compatibilizer of this fourth form in which (i) the unsaturated monomer (A2) is grafted onto the polyolefin trunk, the proportion of (A2) grafted being at least 2 parts by weight for 100 parts of trunk then (ii) adding the precursor lactam of the grafts, a catalyst and heating to obtain the anionic polymerization of the lactam which develops from the activating function carried by (A2).
- the monomer (A2) is not fixed to the trunk by grafting from its double bond but it was introduced by copolymerization during the preparation of the trunk.
- the present invention relates to a compatibilizer consisting of a polyolefin trunk and polyamide grafts in which:
- the grafts are attached to the trunk by the remains of an unsaturated monomer (A2) having an isocyanate function serving as an activator in the polymerization of lactams,
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing the compatibilizer of this variant of the fourth form in which (i) the unsaturated monomer (A2) and the other constituents of the polyolefin backbone are copolymerized, the proportion of (A2) being at least 2 parts by weight per 100 parts of trunk then (ii) adding the precursor lactam of the grafts, a catalyst and heating to obtain the anionic polymerization of the lactam which develops from the activating function carried by (A2).
- the present invention also relates to mixtures of polyamide, polyolefin and the compatibilizer described above. Depending on the nature of the polyamide in these mixtures, the compatibilizer can be used optionally without having separated it from the polyamide which has formed outside the grafts.
- this polyolefin is conventionally a homopolymer or copolymer of alpha olefins or of diolefins, such as, for example, ethylene, propylene, butene-1, octene-1, butadiene.
- alpha olefins or of diolefins such as, for example, ethylene, propylene, butene-1, octene-1, butadiene.
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
- VLDPE very low density polyethylene, or polyethylene very low density
- metallocene polyethylene metallocene polyethylene
- - ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers such as ethylene / propylene, EPR (abbreviation of ethylene-propylene-rubber) and ethylene / propylene / diene (EPDM).
- SEBS styrene / ethylene-butene / styrene block copolymers
- SBS styrene / butadiene / styrene
- SIS styrene / isoprene / styrene
- SEPS styrene / ethylene-propylene / styrene
- a homopolymer or copolymer polypropylene which may contain up to 30 mol% of ethylene is used.
- melt flow index (abbreviation of Melt Flow Index or melt flow index) is advantageously between 0.2 and 500 g / 10 min (ASTM D 1238 at 230 ° C under 2.16 kg) and preferably from 0.2 to 200.
- a polyethylene homopolymer or copolymer such as, for example, an ethylene - alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymer is also used.
- (A) there can be mentioned, by way of example of a function serving as activator, the oxazoline, nitrile, acid chloride, amide, imide, ester and carboxylic acid anhydride functions.
- Examples of (A) that may be mentioned are the derivatives of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as anhydrides, esters, amides, imides.
- Examples of unsaturated carboxylic acids are those having 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as acrylic, methacrylic, maleic, fumaric and itaconic acids.
- Particularly preferred grafting monomers are unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
- These grafting monomers include, for example, maleic, itaconic, citraconic, allylsuccinic, cyclohex-4-ene-1, 2-dicarboxylic, 4-methylenecyclohex-4-ene-1, 2-dicarboxylic anhydrides, bicyclo (2,2, 1 ) hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, and x-methylbicyclo (2,2,1) hept-5-ene-2,2-dicarboxylic acid.
- Maleic anhydride is advantageously used.
- R derives from an alkyl, aromatic or cycloalkyl group and carries a double bond capable of opening to copolymerize or graft onto the trunk.
- R derives from an alkyl, aromatic or cycloalkyl group and carries a double bond capable of opening to copolymerize or graft onto the trunk.
- isopropenyl oxazoline By way of example, mention may be made of isopropenyl oxazoline.
- Suitable radical initiators which can be used include t (butyl-hydroperoxide, cumene-hydroperoxide, di-iso-propyl-benzene-hydroperoxide, di-t-butyl-peroxide, t-butyl-cumyl-peroxide, (dicumyl- peroxide, 1,3-bis- (t-butylperoxy-isopropyl) benzene, acetyl-peroxide, benzoyl-peroxide, iso-butyryl-peroxide, bis-3,5,5-trimethyl-hexanoyl-peroxide, and methyl-ethyl- ketone-peroxide
- the amount of radical initiator can be from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the polyolefin backbone and advantageously between 0.05 and 2%.
- the amount of grafting monomer (A) can be chosen in an appropriate manner but it is preferably from 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, better still from 0.1 to 5%, per 100 parts of trunk to be grafted. As regards anhydrides of unsaturated carboxylic acids, the amount of grafted monomer (A) is determined by assaying the succinic functions by IRTF spectroscopy.
- the grafting can be carried out in a known manner using any device for mixing thermoplastic materials such as a mixer, a kneader or an extruder.
- grafts are generally carried out in an extruder.
- the viscosity of the grafted polyethylene is so high that it can no longer be extruded; the viscosity of the grafted polypropylene is so low that it too can no longer be extruded.
- R2 denotes H, OH, CH3 or an alkyl.
- R2 is H, that is to say that the product is styrene.
- the amount of product to be used can be between 0.01 and 10% by weight of the polyolefin trunk and advantageously between 0.5 and 5%.
- stable nitroxide radicals As an example of a product which reduces the secondary reactions on the trunk polyolefins caused by the radical initiators necessary for the grafting of (A), mention may be made of stable nitroxide radicals. These stable free radicals should not be confused with the preceding radicals (derived from peroxides or azo) whose lifespan is ephemeral (a few milliseconds).
- the amount of stable free radical can be between 0.05 and 200 millimoles per kg of trunk polymer to be grafted advantageously from 0.1 to 10 and preferably from 0.3 to 5.
- lactams mention may be made of those having 3 to 12 carbon atoms on the main ring and which can be substituted. Mention may be made, for example, of ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylpropriolactam, le, ⁇ -dimethylpropriolactam, amylolactam, caprolactam, capryllactam and lauryllactam. It would not go beyond the scope of the invention to use two or more lactams.
- the catalyst is a base strong enough to create a lactamate.
- catalysts that may be mentioned include sodium, potassium, alkali metal hydrides and hydroxides, alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate or ethylate.
- the proportion of catalyst and of lactam can be between 0.1 and 10 moles of catalyst per 100 moles of lactam and preferably between 0.3 and 5.
- One can also add a chain limiter such as for example ethylene bis stearamide, ethylene bis oleamide or acetanilide.
- the reaction can be carried out in the same device used for the grafting of (A).
- grafting was carried out in the first zones, the lactam and the catalyst were introduced into the following zones.
- the anionic polymerization of the lactam and the formation of the grafts from the activating function of (A) takes place at a temperature above the melting temperature of the polyamide constituting the grafts.
- this temperature is 20 to 110 ° C above this melting temperature.
- the amount of (A) grafted is too small and therefore there is not enough activator for the anionic polymerization to be able to be carried out with a reasonable speed, ie of the order of 2 to 10 minutes then either add an additional activator or increase the temperature.
- This activator can be the same function as the function carried by (A) or another activator. This activator is preferably added after adding the lactam and the catalyst.
- any product capable of causing and / or accelerating the polymerization is thus denoted by way of example.
- the activator can be formed in situ, for example an acyl lactam is obtained by adding an alkyl isocyanate in the lactam.
- the ratio of catalyst to activator, in moles, can be between 0.2 and 10. It is of course the total amount of activator, that is to say that coming from (A) and that added in addition with lactam.
- the number of grafts increases with the amount of (A) grafted on the trunk.
- the length of the grafts increases with the amount of lactam.
- the proportion of polyamide produced apart from that of the grafts increases with the amount of lactam and the amount of activator added in addition to that provided by (A).
- the reaction rate increases with temperature.
- the product obtained at the end of the anionic polymerization of the lactam and which may be compatibilizer or a mixture of compatibilizer and polyamide may be either used directly, that is to say mixed with a polyamide and / or a polyolefin, or be recovered in the form of pellets and used later.
- the compatibilizer and the optional polyamide which has formed outside the grafts can be separated by any means. It can also remain from the polyolefin trunk which has not been grafted.
- the polyolefin is soluble in hot xylene and the polyamide in formic acid. Thus these two products can be completely dissolved while the compatibilizer constitutes the insoluble remainder.
- additional activator can be added with the lactam to directly prepare a mixture of compatibilizer and polyamide.
- the copolymer containing (A) is therefore a copolymer comprising at least one alpha olefin and (A) and optionally another comonomer such as an alkyl (meth) acrylate.
- the ethylene-maleic anhydride and ethylene - alkyl (meth) acrylate - maleic anhydride copolymers are advantageously used. These copolymers comprise from 0.01 to 10% by weight of maleic anhydride, from 0 to 40% and preferably 5 to 40% by weight of alkyl (meth) acrylate.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates the alkyls may have, up to 24 carbon atoms, examples of alkyl acrylate or methacrylate are in particular methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, l n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- Copolymers of an alpha olefin and an oxazoline are also used as mentioned above. We then operate as in the first form which we described above. What has been described in the first form remains valid in this variant.
- the second form of the invention and the trunk copolymer it is advantageously a copolymer of ethylene and of an alkyl (meth) acrylate.
- Alkyls can have up to 24 carbon atoms.
- alkyl acrylate or methacrylate are in particular methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- the MFI (Melt Flow Index) of these copolymers is advantageously between 0.3 and 500 g / 10 min (190 ° C - 2.16 kg).
- the (meth) acrylate content is between 2 and 40% by weight of the copolymer and preferably between 9 and 35%.
- These copolymers can be manufactured by radical polymerization in a tube or autoclave at pressures between 1000 and 2500 bar.
- the backbone copolymer was a mixture of two or more of the preceding copolymers.
- (A2) it is any unsaturated monomer carrying an isocyanate function and which is capable of grafting onto the trunk in copolymer of ethylene and at least one ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid. It is recommended that it be stable under the conditions of grafting.
- monomers (A2) mention may be made of styrene and alpha methyl styrene in which the benzene rings bear an isocyanate function or in which the benzene rings carry an alkyl, this alkyl being substituted by an isocyanate.
- (A2) is advantageously the TMI described above.
- the polyolefin trunk contains reactive sites.
- a site mention may be made of the OH functions.
- the trunk is for example a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol (EVOH). These copolymers usually contain from 20 to 60 mol% of ethylene.
- ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer containing 38 mol% of ethylene MFI 8 (210 ° C - 2.16 kg), melting temperature 183 ° C, crystallization temperature 160 ° C, Tg ( glass transition temperature) 61 ° C. Mention may also be made of the ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer at 29 mol% of ethylene, MF1 15 (230 ° C - 2.16 kg), melting temperature 188 ° C, crystallization temperature 163 ° C, Tg (glass transition temperature ) 62 ° C. Mention may also be made of the ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer at 32 mol% of ethylene, MFI 6 (230 ° C - 2.16 kg), temperature melting temperature 188 ° C, crystallization temperature 163 ° C, Tg
- carboxylic acids such as, for example, ethylene-(meth) acrylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, the acid or anhydride being grafted or copolymerize, these copolymers optionally comprising an alkyl (meth) acrylate.
- diisocyanates may be mentioned by way of example, to be fixed on the trunk by reaction on the OH. Mention may also be made of bisoxazolines and oxazolines of the following formula:
- R- derives from an alkyl.aromatic or cycloalkyl group and carries a function capable of reacting with another function of the trunk.
- this function carried by R-j can be acid, hydroxyl or halide.
- this polyolefin is conventionally a homopolymer or copolymer of alpha olefins or of diolefins, such as for example, ethylene, propylene, butene-1, octene-1, butadiene.
- alpha olefins or of diolefins such as for example, ethylene, propylene, butene-1, octene-1, butadiene.
- HDPE linear low density polyethylene
- VLDPE very low density polyethylene, or polyethylene very low density
- metallocene polyethylene metallocene polyethylene
- -propylene homopolymers or copolymers - ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymers such as ethylene / propylene, EPR (abbreviation of ethylene-propylene-rubber) and ethylene / propylene / diene (EPDM).
- EPR abbreviation of ethylene-propylene-rubber
- EPDM ethylene / propylene / diene
- SEBS styrene / ethylene-butene / styrene block copolymers
- SBS styrene / butadiene / styrene
- SIS styrene / isoprene / styrene
- SEPS styrene / ethylene-propylene / styrene
- a homopolymer or copolymer polypropylene which may contain up to 30 mol% of ethylene is used.
- melt flow index (abbreviation of Melt Flow Index or melt flow index) is advantageously between 0.2 and 500 g / 10 min (ASTM D 1238 at 230 ° C under 2.16 kg) and preferably from 0.2 to 200.
- a polyethylene homopolymer or copolymer such as, for example, an ethylene - alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymer is also used.
- the monomer (A2) has been defined above, the grafted proportion is at least 2 parts by weight per 100 parts of trunk and advantageously between 2 and 4 parts. It is no longer necessary to add an activator in addition to the one provided by (A2).
- macro-activator PP-g-TMl a polypropylene trunk grafted with TMI (isocyanate) and manufactured according to prior art WO 9950323.
- the polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam is carried out in the presence of the macroactivator PP-g-TMl (manufactured according to the prior art) with different TMI grafting rates: 1.30, 3.34 and 6.47 parts by weight per 100 parts of trunk.
- the level of macroactivator compared to ⁇ -caprolactam is 25 and 50% in weight.
- the catalyst used consists of Na-Caprolactamate containing 1.4 moles of sodium per kg ⁇ -caprolactam, a commercial catalyst is used in the form of chips or petals (flakes) sold by BASF under ref BASF® C10).
- the amount of catalyst used is 4 parts by weight per 100 parts of the macroactivator + ⁇ -caprolactam mixture.
- a Haake Rheocord mixer is preheated to 200 ° C (or 215 ° C) and was loaded with a premix containing the macroactivator, ⁇ -caprolactam and the catalyst. This mixture is heated in the kneader to a temperature of 200 ° C (or 215 ° C) and is kneaded with a stirring speed of 64 revolutions per minute (rpm). After 10 to 20 minutes the polymer is recovered and cooled (quenched) with liquid nitrogen. The level of residual ⁇ -caprolactam present in the polymer obtained was quantified by extraction of ⁇ -caprolactam with boiling water. From the residual ⁇ -caprolactam level, the polymerization conversion rate was calculated.
- Table 1 Influence of the TMI grafting rate of the PP-g-TM1 macroactivator on the polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam.
- the increase in the TMI grafting rate results in an increase in the polymerization rate as well as an increase in the polymerization conversion rate.
- the conversion rate values obtained for a grafting rate of 6.48 phr are close to the values that one would obtain in thermodynamic equilibrium, on the other hand the conversion rates with a grafting rate of 1.30 phr are lower.
Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/343,238 US7071262B2 (en) | 2000-08-01 | 2001-07-27 | Compatibilizing agent based on polyolefin with polyamide grafts and mixtures comprising same |
EP01960842A EP1311568A1 (fr) | 2000-08-01 | 2001-07-27 | Compatibilisant a base de polyolefine a greffons polyamide et melanges comprenant ce compatibilisant |
AU2001282239A AU2001282239A1 (en) | 2000-08-01 | 2001-07-27 | Compatibilizing agent based on polyolefin with polyamide grafts and mixtures comprising same |
JP2002515964A JP2004505132A (ja) | 2000-08-01 | 2001-07-27 | ポリアミドをグラフトしたポリオレフィンベースの相溶化剤と、この相溶化剤を含む混合物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR00/10109 | 2000-08-01 | ||
FR0010109 | 2000-08-01 |
Publications (1)
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WO2002010236A1 true WO2002010236A1 (fr) | 2002-02-07 |
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PCT/FR2001/002471 WO2002010236A1 (fr) | 2000-08-01 | 2001-07-27 | Compatibilisant a base de polyolefine a greffons polyamide et melanges comprenant ce compatibilisant |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US7071262B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1311568A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2004505132A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001282239A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002010236A1 (fr) |
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US20060280889A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Powell Steven M | Tubular nylon alloy members for tubing and hose constructions |
KR101063227B1 (ko) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-09-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 나일론-4 복합재료 조성물 |
Citations (6)
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GB1205424A (en) * | 1966-11-28 | 1970-09-16 | Allied Chem | Process for producing graft polymers |
FR2107538A5 (fr) * | 1970-09-12 | 1972-05-05 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | |
EP0342066A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-11-15 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Copolymère greffé à base d'alpha-mono-oléfine, son procédé de fabrication, son application à la fabrication d'alliages thermoplastiques, alliages thermoplastiques obtenus |
EP0558990A1 (fr) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-08 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Alliage de polymères à partir d'au moins deux polymères et d'un agent comptabilisant |
WO1999050323A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-07 | Borealis A/S | Composition compatibilisee de polyolefine et polyamide |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5342886A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1994-08-30 | Atochem | α-monoolefinic graft copolymers |
US5939512A (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1999-08-17 | Allliedsignal Inc. | Fast cycling blended polymer material comprising Nylon-6 |
-
2001
- 2001-07-27 JP JP2002515964A patent/JP2004505132A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-27 AU AU2001282239A patent/AU2001282239A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-27 WO PCT/FR2001/002471 patent/WO2002010236A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-27 US US10/343,238 patent/US7071262B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-27 EP EP01960842A patent/EP1311568A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3136738A (en) * | 1960-02-10 | 1964-06-09 | Monsanto Co | Graft copolymer of polylactam on polymer containing tertiary amine group |
GB1205424A (en) * | 1966-11-28 | 1970-09-16 | Allied Chem | Process for producing graft polymers |
FR2107538A5 (fr) * | 1970-09-12 | 1972-05-05 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | |
EP0342066A1 (fr) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-11-15 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Copolymère greffé à base d'alpha-mono-oléfine, son procédé de fabrication, son application à la fabrication d'alliages thermoplastiques, alliages thermoplastiques obtenus |
EP0558990A1 (fr) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-08 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Alliage de polymères à partir d'au moins deux polymères et d'un agent comptabilisant |
WO1999050323A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-07 | Borealis A/S | Composition compatibilisee de polyolefine et polyamide |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1311568A1 (fr) | 2003-05-21 |
US7071262B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
AU2001282239A1 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
US20040030045A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
JP2004505132A (ja) | 2004-02-19 |
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