WO2002009722A1 - Compose antimicrobien - Google Patents

Compose antimicrobien Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002009722A1
WO2002009722A1 PCT/US2001/024261 US0124261W WO0209722A1 WO 2002009722 A1 WO2002009722 A1 WO 2002009722A1 US 0124261 W US0124261 W US 0124261W WO 0209722 A1 WO0209722 A1 WO 0209722A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
microbial composition
microbial
acid
food
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/024261
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robin L. Pointer
Original Assignee
Eden Research, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eden Research, Inc. filed Critical Eden Research, Inc.
Priority to AU2001279149A priority Critical patent/AU2001279149A1/en
Publication of WO2002009722A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002009722A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
    • A61K36/286—Carthamus (distaff thistle)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/53—Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/61—Myrtaceae (Myrtle family), e.g. teatree or eucalyptus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/75—Rutaceae (Rue family)
    • A61K36/752—Citrus, e.g. lime, orange or lemon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
    • A61K36/889—Arecaceae, Palmae or Palmaceae (Palm family), e.g. date or coconut palm or palmetto
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • This invention relates to anti-microbial compositions, and more particularly to an edible anti-microbial (or anti-bacterial) composition for direct food contact, also useful as a food preservative.
  • anti-microbial food preservatives and processes generally fall into four different groups, i.e. 1) those that are not defined by law, including natural organic acids and their salts, spices, oils and wood smokes; 2) those that are Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS); 3) those that have been proven to be safe and are approved by the FDA; and 4) those that are not currently in use and proof of safety has yet to be established.
  • groups i.e. 1) those that are not defined by law, including natural organic acids and their salts, spices, oils and wood smokes; 2) those that are Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS); 3) those that have been proven to be safe and are approved by the FDA; and 4) those that are not currently in use and proof of safety has yet to be established.
  • the last group causes the greatest concern. Of the group not defined by law, most prevalent are natural components found in plant foods, including spices and citric acid. Many of the organic compounds are naturally anti-microbial and are currently used to produce fermented foods. Further, natural fermentation, utilizing bacteria, yeasts and molds, sets up conditions in which the desirable micro-organisms preferentially grow faster than micro-organisms with a negative quality. For instance, in common products utilizing fermentation such as yogurt, lactic acid is produced by the starter culture bacteria which prevents the growth of undesirable micro-organisms in the non-sterile, raw materials and helped make the products shelf stable. The anti-microbial compounds which are naturally found in these fermented foods may advantageously be introduced into other foods in the place of "chemical" preservatives.
  • a lactate salt of lactic acid has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain pathogens, including Botulism, Listeria and Hydrophila. Further, these natural foods and processes exhibit antimicrobial behavior, have been eaten for thousands of years, and therefore can generally be accepted as being safe for human consumption.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an advantageous anti-microbial composition made solely of all natural foods proven to be safe for thousands of years.
  • transient bacteria is divided into two sub-groups, Gram positive and Gram negative.
  • the Gram negative bacteria is the more deadly of the two and includes toxic pathogens such as Salmonella, E-coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Proteus and Shigella Dysenteriae.
  • Gram negative bacteria are different from Gram positive bacteria due to an additional protective cell membrane which strengthens the Gram negative bacteria against mild anti-microbial cleansers and compositions.
  • the present invention also seeks to provide an anti-microbial composition which will disrupt the cell membrane allowing leakage of the cellular contents beyond the cell walls. The bacteria is therefore rendered useless for reproduction and the bacteria will die before it can reproduce. It would be most advantageous to provide a direct food contact anti-microbial composition, thereby causing such an anti-bacterial action upon spraying or washing onto suspect food.
  • the anti-microbial composition would be a great advantage for the anti-microbial composition to exhibit preservative behavior to extend the shelf life of perishable foods, in addition to affording the bactericidal benefits.
  • the present invention provides a broad spectrum anti-microbial composition which is an effective anti-bacterial and preservative composition for foods for human consumption.
  • the compound finds utility as an agricultural bactericide and fungicide (50 to 250 ppm), as a disinfectant for fresh fish and poultry (100 to lOOOppm), as a mold inhibitor and antiparasitic in animal feed (50 to 250 ppm), as a food preservative and antioxidant (10 to 250 ppm), as a preservative and anti-microbial in cosmetics (1000 to 10,000 ppm), as a disinfectant for contaminated water (50 to 250 ppm), and as a therapeutic composition (50 to 2000 mg/dose) .
  • an agricultural bactericide and fungicide 50 to 250 ppm
  • a disinfectant for fresh fish and poultry 100 to lOOOppm
  • a mold inhibitor and antiparasitic in animal feed 50 to 250 ppm
  • a food preservative and antioxidant 10 to 250 ppm
  • compositions which will be described in greater detail further hereinbelow, are made from natural products that are GRAS certified by the Food & Drug Administration, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for commercial application.
  • USDA United States Department of Agriculture
  • FSIS Food Safety Inspection Service
  • EPA Environmental Protection Agency
  • the anti-microbial composition made in accordance with the present invention includes four basic components, and may include other additional and optional materials for desired properties .
  • the present anti-microbial composition includes at least one acidulant for lowering the pH of the composition to one which has an effective anti-microbial level. Furthermore, there is at least one phospholipid, at least one antioxidant, and one form or another of grapefruit seed oil or grapefruit pulp. The balance of the composition will be water. Note that the ingredients are all food products which have been consumed by humans for thousands of years, and therefore all fall within the category of GRAS certified foods .
  • the acidulant component is preferably a carboxylic acid, such as citric or acetic acid, while the phospholipid is most preferably a coconut extract, including lauric or lactic acid.
  • An appropriate antioxidant may be selected from Vitamin E, safflower oil or soy oil, while the grapefruit pulp is generally cold pressed along with the seeds, after the juice has been removed.
  • additives may be included to achieve certain properties of the composition.
  • Such additives may include a wetting agent to aid in the spread of the composition; a freshening agent, such as malic acid; a solubilizer and/or emulsifier; glycerin; fruit sugar, such as fructose; gelatin and/or guar gum to make the composition "stick” to the surface; and natural essential oils such as thyme oil or tea tree oil.
  • the pH level of the composition is most effective between pH values of 1.0 and 5.0, although it is most preferably less than 2.0.
  • the oral toxicity measure, known as the "LD-50" of the product is expressed in mg./kg. of body weight, and the higher the value, the better.
  • prior art anti-microbial compounds have LD-50 values of 15 mg. per kilogram
  • the present composition has an LD-50 value of greater than 4,000 mg. per kilogram of body weight.
  • a higher number for the LD-50 yields better properties, as that means that much more of the material is needed to cause oral toxicity. For example, if only 15 mg. is necessary to be toxic, I would rather use a composition requiring 4,000 mg. before the onset of toxic effects.
  • the present invention is directed towards a novel anti-microbial compound, found to be effective against bacteria and germs, including four basic constituent groups, including an acidulant, a phospholipid, an anti-oxidant, and grapefruit pulp, with the balance being water. Additional materials may be added to achieve various properties, and will be detailed hereinbelow.
  • the components are all selected from the Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) list of foods and food products from the FDA.
  • GRAS Generally Regarded As Safe
  • the four basic constituent groups are detailed below, giving the most preferable selections , and any relevant indicators such as pH and concentrations . They are as follows :
  • Acidulant The acidulant portion of the compound may be selected from mono- and tri-carboxylic acids, such as citric and acetic acid. Other carboxylic acids are suitable. Amounts of the acidulant to be employed may range from about 0.01% to about 20% of the resulting compound to lower the pH to a value of between about 1.0 and 5.0, although preferably the pH is 2.0 or lower. The efficacy of the anti-microbial compound is largely determined by the acidulant portion of the compound. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) may also be used, and efficacy has been found for that composition.
  • Ascorbic acid vitamin C
  • the phospholipid portion of the compound may be most effectively employed when a coconut extract, such as one including lauric and lactic acid, is utilized. This phospholipid is included in order to help the composition spread over the surface, although the most preferred coconut extract is an anti-microbial composition in its own right. Palm kernel extract is yet another acceptable and efficacious phospholipid finding great utility in the anti-microbial compound of the present invention. Effective concentrations include from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight, based on the resultant weight of the composition.
  • the anti-oxidant portion of the present invention may include vitamin E, selenium, safflower oil, soy oil, or any other known naturally occurring, food source of antioxidant that is commercially available. Minerals are especially efficacious, and are available as health food supplements . These anti- oxidants may be employed in small amounts of from about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, based on the resultant weight of the composition.
  • grapefruit pulp extract is an antimicrobial on its own, but is rendering more effective as described herein.
  • the grapefruit pulp may be made by cold- pressing all the grapefruit pulp remaining after a juicing operation.
  • the pulp may include the grapefruit seed itself, or the pulp from the rind alone, or combinations thereof.
  • the concentration of the grapefruit pulp extract is from about 0.01% to about 30% weight percent, based upon the resulting weight of the anti-microbial composition.
  • Optional additives which provide different properties to the composition may include safflower oil, ascorbic acid, minerals, malic acid (usually from apples), corn oil, glycerin, fructose, gelatin, natural essential oils such as thyme oil and tea tree oil, solubilizers, wetting agents, and vegetable water (from cold pressing olives and fruits), and emulsifiers.
  • safflower oil ascorbic acid
  • minerals usually from apples
  • malic acid usually from apples
  • corn oil usually from apples
  • glycerin glycerin
  • fructose glycerin
  • fructose glycerin
  • gelatin natural essential oils
  • solubilizers such as thyme oil and tea tree oil
  • solubilizers such as thyme oil and tea tree oil
  • wetting agents such as thyme oil and tea tree oil
  • vegetable water from cold pressing olives and fruits
  • the basic composition is biodegradable according to the "Standard Test Methods for Determining the Anaerobic Biodegradation Potential of Organic Chemicals", ASTM Standards, Section 11, Water and Environmental Technology, Procedure E 1196-2, pp. 879-901, 1993. It has a specific gravity of about 1.0110 (25°C), a density of about 6.4 lbs/gallon, a flash point of about 392 (at 0°F), a viscosity of from about 100 to about 250 centistokes, a molecular weight of from about 400 to about 2500, with a solubility in water, alcohol and in organic solvents .
  • the basic preferred composition is comprised of citric and acetic acids for the acidulant portion, coconut extract (including lauric acid and lactic acid) as the phospholipid, an anti-oxidant (including vitamin E and safflower oil), and grapefruit seed extract, solubilized into purified water.
  • coconut extract including lauric acid and lactic acid
  • an anti-oxidant including vitamin E and safflower oil
  • grapefruit seed extract solubilized into purified water.
  • This composition was tested by NAMSA Laboratories of Atlanta Georgia, as recognized by the FDA, EPA and USDA for their competency in standardized tests with regards to food borne pathogens, and was found to have a 100% efficacy rate on contact for killing germs and bacteria. Less than ten ppm were discovered after 24 hours of exposure to my anti-microbial solution, with an efficacy of less than ten ppm after 72 hours.
  • the present composition is entirely made of edible goods, food additives and food grade products, and it is useable in the vegetable and fruit industry.
  • These food products include EPA approved and food grade acids combined with other EPA approved and FDA "generally regarded as safe" food grade acids, fatty acids, essential oils, mono/di-glycerides, that will provide a good bactericide.
  • Such EPA approved and food grade acids may include, but are not limited to the following: all forms of acetic acid (including white distilled vinegar as well as other acetic acids which are derived from cider vinegar, pickle juice or any other compound such as C 2 H 4 0 2 (or other similar compounds used in organic synthesis ) , citric acid (especially citric acid derived from dextrose derived from corn, potatoes or molasses in all concentrations), fruit acids, alpha and beta hydroxy acids, salicylic acids, amino acids, ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid and other vitamins or any other such acids known in the art.
  • acetic acid including white distilled vinegar as well as other acetic acids which are derived from cider vinegar, pickle juice or any other compound such as C 2 H 4 0 2 (or other similar compounds used in organic synthesis )
  • citric acid especially citric acid derived from dextrose derived from corn, potatoes or molasses in all concentrations
  • fruit acids alpha and beta hydroxy acids
  • salicylic acids
  • the first and second functionality acids include citric acid and acetic acid, although others have been used with success.
  • Citric acid has been shown to have a naturally anti-bacterial effect, which is ideal for this application. The amount need not be great, as the citric acid may be employed in amounts of between 0.01% to 10%, depending on the other acid being used, as well as the concentration of the other acid. At these concentrations, the pH is roughly the pH of the intestinal tract of humans, i.e. about 6.5.
  • Preferred concentration of the citric acid in the aqueous anti-microbial composition is at least about three weight percent (3%), although this formula will provide a concentrate which can be diluted thereafter to a dilution ratio of up to about 250:1, giving similar results as when using the above concentrated solution.
  • the preferred citric acid to utilize is a food grade FCC or USP grade acid, including 2- hydroxy-1,2, 3-propantricarboxylicacid, an organictricarboxylic acid, such as that derived from dextrose derived from corn, potatoes or molasses in all concentrations, as well as from citric fruits such as lemons, limes, grapefruit or pineapples.
  • the second functional acid is preferably acetic or ethanoic acid, as it is a food grade acid, being white distilled or cider vinegar. Used in nearly every household in the country, white distilled vinegar will penetrate the bacteria walls and degrade it.
  • the acetic acid which is most preferred includes acetic acid derived from or in the form of pickle juice or other similar compounds used in organic synthesis. All forms of acetic acids are effective, including food grade FCC, glacial acetic acid, CP grade, technical grade, as well as others.
  • Acetic acid derived from pickle juice, having a concentration of at least one weight percent (1%), preferably about three weight percent (3%), is the acid of choice for this application as it is a food grade acid which easily passed the USDA A-l standard registration.
  • Other compounds useful as well include white distilled vinegar, apple cider vinegar, and other vinegars derived from wine or other fruit juices.
  • a wetting agent such as a vegetable-based surfactant (also USDA approved).
  • This wetting agent may be employed in amounts of at least eight weight percent (8%) up to about fifty percent (50%), preferably from about ten percent (10%) to twenty-five percent (25%), and most preferably about twenty weight percent (20%).
  • the balance of the composition should consist of water, as this is an aqueous solution.
  • deionized water is used to put the other functional groups into solution. This also helps to assure that the beginning solution does not have any bacteria in it, and this will also drop out all the metals and any other inorganics in the beginning solution.
  • a base solution is formed by dissolving Imwitor 312, a mono and diglyceride which is estrified with citric acid to form a vegetable-based surfactant, said Imwitor being in a powder phase, along with a powdered citric acid (food grade) which is dissolved into coconut oil.
  • Other phospholipids may be utilized, and especially preferable is a liquid Miglyol oil and Thymol.
  • An emulsifier such as polysorbate 80 may be used to avoid degradation or coagulation.
  • a base concentrated solution is made by dissolving five percent by weight, based upon the resulting base concentrated solution, of powdered Imwitor 312 and three percent powdered citric acid food grade into fifteen percent Miglyol by heating and taking to near boiling. Thereafter, three percent by weight of a powdered acetic acid, which is dissolved into the balance of the weight being purified water. Three percent by weight based upon the resultant weight of the base concentrated solution shall be thymol, the essential oil, is stirred into the near-boiling concentrated solution, until all the ingredients are substantially homogenously mixed.
  • the present invention finds utility in the fields of agricultural bactericides and fungicides, in both pre-harvest and post harvest treatments, as disinfectants for fresh fish and poultry, as a mold inhibitor and as an antiparasitic, as a food preservative and antioxidant, as a preservative and antimicrobial for cosmetics, as a disinfectant for contaminated water, and as a therapeutic.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions antimicrobiennes renfermant au moins un acidulant, un phospholipide, un antioxydant ainsi que des graines et de la pulpe de pamplemousse. Cette composition, de nature topique, renferme également une combinaison sûre et efficace de produits alimentaires naturels, y compris des acides gras, des phospholipides et d'autres éléments tous naturellement antimicrobiens.
PCT/US2001/024261 2000-08-02 2001-08-02 Compose antimicrobien WO2002009722A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001279149A AU2001279149A1 (en) 2000-08-02 2001-08-02 Anti-microbial compound

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22267600P 2000-08-02 2000-08-02
US60/222,676 2000-08-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002009722A1 true WO2002009722A1 (fr) 2002-02-07

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PCT/US2001/024261 WO2002009722A1 (fr) 2000-08-02 2001-08-02 Compose antimicrobien

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AU (1) AU2001279149A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002009722A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5420104A (en) * 1992-06-16 1995-05-30 Firmenich S.A. Perfumed composition
US5425944A (en) * 1992-10-27 1995-06-20 Harich; Jakob Antimicrobial grapefruit extract
US6022551A (en) * 1998-01-20 2000-02-08 Ethicon, Inc. Antimicrobial composition

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5420104A (en) * 1992-06-16 1995-05-30 Firmenich S.A. Perfumed composition
US5425944A (en) * 1992-10-27 1995-06-20 Harich; Jakob Antimicrobial grapefruit extract
US6022551A (en) * 1998-01-20 2000-02-08 Ethicon, Inc. Antimicrobial composition

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