WO2002007949A1 - Procede et agent moussant destines a la fabrication d'articles plastiques expanses - Google Patents
Procede et agent moussant destines a la fabrication d'articles plastiques expanses Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002007949A1 WO2002007949A1 PCT/EP2001/008510 EP0108510W WO0207949A1 WO 2002007949 A1 WO2002007949 A1 WO 2002007949A1 EP 0108510 W EP0108510 W EP 0108510W WO 0207949 A1 WO0207949 A1 WO 0207949A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- plastic
- blowing agent
- generating
- plastic objects
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/58—Moulds
- B29C44/588—Moulds with means for venting, e.g. releasing foaming gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3403—Foaming under special conditions, e.g. in sub-atmospheric pressure, in or on a liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing foamed plastic objects, a thermoplastic material being mixed with a CO 2 -generating blowing agent and the mixture being shaped in a shaping tool, and the use of this method for producing plastic objects, in particular in the automotive and packaging industries , Electrical appliance industry.
- plastics as materials is largely due to the many advantages that plastic offers in contrast to other competing materials such as glass or metal. Examples include the high resistance to corrosion, high insulating ability, thermal protection and insulation, as well as the ease of coloring. But above all the wide range of inexpensive raw materials and the economic processability make plastics the ideal material, which is also well suited for mass production.
- plastic is increasingly replacing the products normally used in these areas due to its advantages.
- the triumphal march of plastic packaging such as the plastic beverage bottle
- Components made of plastic such as spray water tanks, fuel plastic tanks, and media-carrying parts are also increasingly being used in automobiles. puts.
- the main advantage over the products conventionally used for this purpose, such as the glass bottle or the metal container, is their reduced weight.
- this reduces the weight of commercial vehicles that are equipped with plastic engine compartment parts.
- the payload can be increased with a fixed total weight.
- the lower weight of packaging means e.g. Drinks in plastic bottles so that the fuel consumption during transportation can be reduced.
- industry is particularly interested in reducing the weight of the plastic products that can be used.
- One way to reduce the weight of plastic products is to simply reduce the amount of plastic used in the manufacture of a product.
- the first foamed plastic is converted back into a compact form in many processes in a later process step by using excessively high pressures, for example in the shaping, with extensive destruction of its cell structure. This reduces its wall thickness and, at the same time, its mechanical resilience.
- CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
- the present invention is based on the object of providing a method for producing foamed plastic products which, due to their reduced weight, in contrast to compact plastic products, combine all the advantages mentioned above with regard to the weight-reduced plastics.
- the present invention is intended to provide a blowing agent for the production of foamed plastics which does not represent an environmental impact comparable to that of the chlorofluorocarbons.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the method according to the invention for the production of plastic containers.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the blowing agent according to the invention in the production of plastic foams.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing foamed plastic objects, wherein a thermoplastic material is mixed with a CO-generating blowing agent and the mixture is molded in a shaping tool, characterized in that the molding in the tool while applying a vacuum in the tool and compressed air is carried out inside the tool, and a CO 2 -generating propellant, characterized in that it contains at least the components sodium bicarbonate, monosodium citrate and a nucleic acid comprises solid agent, wherein the particle size of the individual components is less than or equal to 40 microns.
- the inventive production of the foamed plastic objects is based on a plastic which is mixed together with a blowing agent in an extruder and subsequently molded into the desired object in a shaping tool by applying an external vacuum and compressed air.
- the invention relates to a method for producing said plastic objects, wherein the mixing of the thermoplastic material with the CO 2 -generating blowing agent takes place in an extruder.
- Foamed plastic objects are usually partially or completely made of foamed plastic. Their material properties are characterized in that the plastic is in a kind of cell structure due to their manufacturing process. As a result, its weight can be reduced by up to 20%, preferably up to 30% and in particular up to 50% compared to the same plastic objects, but made up of compact structures, with the rigidity often remaining the same.
- Low-density polyethylene LDPE
- high-density polyethylene HDPE
- linear low-density polyethylene LLDPE
- polyisobutylene PAB
- polybutadiene polyethylene terephthalate
- PE copolymers polypropylene
- PP polyamide
- PA polyamide
- LDPA low density polyamide
- PS polystyrene
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers
- ABS styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PUR polyurethanes
- polyisocyanurates polycarbodiimides, polymethacrylimides, and also phenol and. Urea resins are used.
- the thermoplastic materials preferably used in the context of the invention belong to the group of polyolefins, polyesters and polyamides.
- thermoplastic materials high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), such as e.g. Polyesters, particularly preferably polyamide 6 (PA 6), polyamide 11 (PA 11), polyamide 12 (PA 12) and thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) are used.
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PA polyamide
- TPE thermoplastic elastomers
- Polyesters particularly preferably polyamide 6 (PA 6), polyamide 11 (PA 11), polyamide 12 (PA 12) and thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) are used.
- a blowing agent is required to create the cell structure of the plastic.
- a CO 2 -generating mixture is used as a blowing agent in the context of the present invention, which comprises at least the components sodium hydrogen carbonate, monosodium citrate and a solid acting as a nucleating agent, the particle size of the individual components preferably being ⁇ 40 ⁇ m, more preferably ⁇ 30 ⁇ m , is particularly preferably ⁇ 25 ⁇ m.
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of foamed plastic objects, wherein the CO 2 -generating blowing agent comprises at least the components sodium hydrogen carbonate, monosodium citrate and a solid acting as a nucleating agent, the particle size of the individual components being less than or equal to 40 ⁇ m.
- nucleating agents in principle, all the solids which fulfill the property of a nucleating agent can be used as nucleating agents.
- Talc, chalk, metal oxides, silicon dioxide or color pigments are preferably used individually or in combinations with one another in the process according to the invention as nucleating agents in the fuel mixture according to the invention.
- talc of the desired particle size is particularly preferably used as the nucleating agent.
- the blowing agent components are in a weight ratio of sodium bicarbonate to monosodium citrate to nucleating agent of 1 to 0.5 to 5 to 3 to 13.5% by weight, preferably in a weight ratio of 1 to 0.5 to 2.5 to 3 to 6% by weight. 0% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 0.5 to 2.0 to 3 to 4.0% by weight.
- the blowing agent is decomposed at a certain processing temperature (reaction temperature) with elimination of its propellant gas CO 2 and thus ensures the formation of the desired cell structure.
- the blowing agent used in the context of the present invention is a relatively little gas-generating blowing agent with a generation degree in the range from about 12 to 35 ml per gram of blowing agent, preferably in a range from 20 to 30 ml per gram of blowing agent, particularly preferably in the range from 20 up to 24 ml per gram of blowing agent.
- an object produced by the method according to the invention can absorb a shock better than a comparably shaped object made of compact material.
- the plastic compound to be processed in each case is subjected to a melt mixing process together with the CO 2 -generating blowing agent in an extruder.
- Under an extruder in the context of this invention is a continuous, continuously operating conveyor, which can not only convey and melt plastic molding compounds under pressure and heat, but also compress and homogenize.
- An extruder usually consists of from one or more worm spindles arranged in parallel (“worms"), which rotate in a mostly horizontally arranged cylindrical, 8-shaped housing or otherwise adapted to the number of worms.
- worms worm spindles arranged in parallel
- shear and mixing parts which, among other things, break up agglomerates and possibly not yet fully melted plastic residues and distribute the components evenly in order to improve the homogenization of the mixture.
- these shearing and mixing parts are selected and arranged in such a way that the generation of excessive frictional heat is largely avoided.
- the decomposition of CO 2 -generating blowing agent is counteracted in this processing stage and a largely perfect degree of foaming is promoted in the subsequent processing stage.
- an extruder of the type in question here can contain all the additives known and customary to those skilled in the art, such as additional heating and cooling units, feed openings, degassing shafts, melting filters etc. included if required.
- the plastic When extruding the plastic mass, the plastic can be fed to the extruder in molten form, but also as a solid. As a solid, it can be in the form of granules, powder, crumbs or regrind.
- the plastic is preferably used as granules or regrind, individually or as a mixture of the two, but it is particularly preferably used as granules.
- the blowing agent can be supplied at the same time as the plastic mass or can be metered into the plastic mass in the further course through suitable entry openings in the extruder.
- the blowing agent is supplied simultaneously with the plastic.
- a gravimetric or volumetric metering technique is used to meter the blowing agent in the context of the present invention. Gravimetric dosing technology is preferred for the manufacture of thin-walled objects.
- the accuracy in the metering of the blowing agent used in the context of the invention is in a range between 1 and 3%, preferably between 1, 5 and 3%.
- the insertion of the plastic mass and, if applicable, the added blowing agent is usually completed after a few screw flights.
- the plastic then enters the melting and mixing zone when it has been used as a solid.
- the temperature of the plastic mass to be added, or the temperature which is present in the extruder, is largely dependent on the plastic used and the reaction temperature of the blowing agent.
- the temperature of the mass fed to the extruder is in the range from 180 to 250 ° C., preferably in the range from 200 to 230 ° C., particularly preferably in the range from 210 to 220 ° C.
- the temperature is set depending on the material.
- the selected temperature is maintained with a deviation of + 2 ° C over the entire distance through the extruder up to the discharge zone.
- the blowing agent used in the context of the invention consequently acts at a melt temperature of the molten plastic material of about 180 to 250 ° C.
- a preferred melt temperature of the molten plastic material within the scope of the invention, at which the largely optimal decomposition of the blowing agent used is achieved after emerging from the extruder, is in the range from 200 to 220 ° C., the range from 206 to 212 ° C. being particularly preferred
- This temperature is reached by the mass as it emerges from the extruder, so that the tubular material emerging from the extruder via an outlet nozzle of a blow head foams and is introduced into the shaping tool in this state.
- the design of the outlet nozzle opening can be adapted to the particular material to be carried out and the desired shape requirements. They differ in the shape of their flow channel. Examples include PWDS nozzles (partial wall thickness control nozzles), ovalizing or round nozzles.
- the extruder outlet opening and the shaping tool can be connected via a connecting element.
- the extruder outlet opening is largely designed so that it does not hinder the foaming process.
- the foaming process can already be largely, preferably completely, completed.
- the captured piece of tubing can be squeezed out and further shaped in the tool.
- the squeezing can also be carried out during or after the molding process.
- the inner walls of the shaping tool are shaped in accordance with the shape requirements of the end product.
- the foamed tubular mass introduced is brought into the desired shape by being pressed against the inner walls of the tool.
- the tool can be opened and the finished product removed.
- the inner walls of the shaping tool prefferably lined with a material prior to the introduction of the foamed tubular mass which does not permanently bond to the inner wall of the shaping tool or to the introduced product mass, e.g. fine-grained binder-free sand.
- the shaping tool is equipped with both compressed air technology and vacuum technology. In the context of the invention, both techniques are used side by side, whereby the molding process is largely optimized.
- the vacuum is generated with the usual vacuum pumps and is in contact with the tool via the vacuum holes located at suitable points on the tool.
- Suitable places are always where, after inserting the tubular foam mass or pressing it against the molded inner wall of the tool, air pockets remain, such as in the shoulder or bottom area of a bottle. These air pockets could lead to defects, such as indentations in the boundary surfaces of the end product, if they remained during the molding process. The air located there is removed by the targeted application of a vacuum at these points. The formation of such defects is thus largely avoided and the contact pressure of the mass against the inner wall of the tool is further improved.
- the vacuum present in the tool during the shaping process is in a range from ⁇ 0.6 to ⁇ 0.8 bar.
- the invention relates to a method for producing foamed plastic objects, the vacuum applied in the tool being in a range from -0.6 to -0.8 bar.
- the contact pressure during the molding process can be decisively supported by injecting compressed air into the mold via a correspondingly fitted blowing channel, for example a blowing mandrel.
- the blow mandrel is attached in such a way that it inflates the hose made of foamed plastic into the shaping tool from the inside and thus presses against the inner walls of the tool.
- the invention relates to a method for producing foamed plastic objects, the internal pressure generated in the mold by the compressed air being kept largely constant using a proportional valve technique.
- the proportional valve technology differs essentially from the simple pneumatic techniques previously used in that the pressure control valves used enable the continuous adjustment of a pneumatic pressure. Another advantage of this technique is that possible pressure fluctuations in the outside area cannot affect the blowing pressure, but, as described above, this can be kept largely constant.
- the compressed air present in the context of the present invention is set to a value selected from the range from 0.5 to 2 bar, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 bar. In this pressure range there is also largely no danger of destroying the advantageous cell structure of the boundary surfaces of the end product.
- the invention relates to a method for producing foamed plastic objects, the internal pressure generated in the tool being regulated to a value selected from the range from 0.5 to 1.5 bar.
- the cooling can be achieved on the one hand by the compressed air lying inside the mold.
- the removal of heat and thus the cooling process can also be accelerated by the applied vacuum. This can reduce the cycle time, ie the time it takes to manufacture a product (see also table). This in turn can increase the number of products manufactured per unit of time and thus largely cheaper utilization of plant capacities can be achieved.
- Table 1 Shortening of some typical cycle times when processing various plastics with the method according to the invention.
- the end product has largely optimally foamed and evenly designed boundary surfaces. Due to their cell structure, the finished product is typically not only up to 50% lighter, but also also largely insensitive to shock than the products that were manufactured by the previously used processes.
- the present invention also relates to foamed plastic objects, in particular hollow plastic articles, which are produced by the method according to the invention, and their preferred use in the automotive industry, as well as in the packaging industry and in the electrical appliance industry.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the CO 2 -generating blowing agent described in the context of this patent application in the production of plastic foams via a manufacturing process other than that claimed in this patent application.
- the invention relates to the use of the method according to the invention claimed with this patent application for the production of all kinds of plastic containers.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01958006A EP1212186A1 (fr) | 2000-07-25 | 2001-07-23 | Procede et agent moussant destines a la fabrication d'articles plastiques expanses |
AU2001279778A AU2001279778A1 (en) | 2000-07-25 | 2001-07-23 | Method and foaming agent for producing expanded plastic objects |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2000136101 DE10036101A1 (de) | 2000-07-25 | 2000-07-25 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von geschäumten Kunststoffgegenständen |
DE10036101.3 | 2000-07-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002007949A1 true WO2002007949A1 (fr) | 2002-01-31 |
Family
ID=7650092
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/008510 WO2002007949A1 (fr) | 2000-07-25 | 2001-07-23 | Procede et agent moussant destines a la fabrication d'articles plastiques expanses |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1212186A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001279778A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE10036101A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002007949A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2703430A1 (fr) | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-05 | Keilert, Jürgen | Agent propulseur antistatique et mélange maître antistatique pour la fabrication d'objets en matière plastique expansés |
EP2813616A1 (fr) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-17 | EOC Belgium NV | Composition ignifugeante pour textiles. |
DE102018200299A1 (de) | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-11 | Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Coburg | Verstelleinrichtung mit einem Verzahnungsteil aus einem aufgeschäumten Thermoplast |
CN115087697A (zh) * | 2020-01-30 | 2022-09-20 | 诺德特利特芬兰公司 | 阻燃化学组合物 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017221078A1 (de) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-05-29 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ölverdrängerkörpers, Ölverdrängerkörper, Getriebeanordnung sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB943631A (en) * | 1959-06-17 | 1963-12-04 | Paul Martin Myatt Banks | Light weight concrete |
FR2256021A1 (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1975-07-25 | Asahi Dow Ltd | Moulded hollow (foamed) plastic articles - by injecting molten resin into moulding cavity, and introducing filling of fluid medium |
CH613399A5 (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1979-09-28 | Buehler Ag Geb | Process and device for producing requisites having in each case at least one hollow space from foamed thermoplastic |
JPH1179809A (ja) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-23 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 石炭灰を用いた人工軽量骨材の製造方法およびこの方法により得られた人工軽量骨材 |
US5895615A (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1999-04-20 | Bridgestone Corporation | Method for molding expanded synthetic resin |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3524704A1 (de) * | 1985-07-11 | 1987-01-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Nucleierungsmittel (porenregler) zur herstellung direktbegaster thermoplastschaeume |
DE3922545A1 (de) * | 1989-07-08 | 1991-01-17 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von kunststoff-hohlkoerpern mit geschaeumten waenden |
-
2000
- 2000-07-25 DE DE2000136101 patent/DE10036101A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-07-23 EP EP01958006A patent/EP1212186A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-23 WO PCT/EP2001/008510 patent/WO2002007949A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-23 AU AU2001279778A patent/AU2001279778A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB943631A (en) * | 1959-06-17 | 1963-12-04 | Paul Martin Myatt Banks | Light weight concrete |
FR2256021A1 (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1975-07-25 | Asahi Dow Ltd | Moulded hollow (foamed) plastic articles - by injecting molten resin into moulding cavity, and introducing filling of fluid medium |
CH613399A5 (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1979-09-28 | Buehler Ag Geb | Process and device for producing requisites having in each case at least one hollow space from foamed thermoplastic |
US5895615A (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1999-04-20 | Bridgestone Corporation | Method for molding expanded synthetic resin |
JPH1179809A (ja) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-23 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 石炭灰を用いた人工軽量骨材の製造方法およびこの方法により得られた人工軽量骨材 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 08 30 June 1999 (1999-06-30) * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2703430A1 (fr) | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-05 | Keilert, Jürgen | Agent propulseur antistatique et mélange maître antistatique pour la fabrication d'objets en matière plastique expansés |
DE102012108134A1 (de) | 2012-08-31 | 2014-05-28 | Jürgen Keilert | Antistatisches Treibmittel und antistatischer Masterbatch zur Herstellung von geschäumten Kunststoffgegenständen |
EP2813616A1 (fr) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-17 | EOC Belgium NV | Composition ignifugeante pour textiles. |
DE102018200299A1 (de) | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-11 | Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Coburg | Verstelleinrichtung mit einem Verzahnungsteil aus einem aufgeschäumten Thermoplast |
WO2019137838A1 (fr) | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-18 | Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Coburg | Équipement de réglage pourvu d'une partie de dentelure en thermoplastique expansé |
CN115087697A (zh) * | 2020-01-30 | 2022-09-20 | 诺德特利特芬兰公司 | 阻燃化学组合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1212186A1 (fr) | 2002-06-12 |
DE10036101A1 (de) | 2002-03-28 |
AU2001279778A1 (en) | 2002-02-05 |
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