WO2002004688A1 - Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS - Google Patents

Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002004688A1
WO2002004688A1 PCT/KR2001/001045 KR0101045W WO0204688A1 WO 2002004688 A1 WO2002004688 A1 WO 2002004688A1 KR 0101045 W KR0101045 W KR 0101045W WO 0204688 A1 WO0204688 A1 WO 0204688A1
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Prior art keywords
alloys
deformation
shape memory
electric resistance
graph showing
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PCT/KR2001/001045
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French (fr)
Inventor
Tae Hun Nam
Ji Soon Kim
Seung Baik Kang
Dong Keun Park
Shin Goo Hur
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Bio-Smart, Ltd.
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Priority to AU2001274644A priority Critical patent/AU2001274644A1/en
Publication of WO2002004688A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002004688A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/006—Resulting in heat recoverable alloys with a memory effect

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys, more specifically, a Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys in which B2-B19 transformation and B19-B19' transformation are divided in essential and to obtain shape memorizing properties by B2-B19 deformation by partial replacement of Ni by Mo, thereby improving slip critical stress.
  • the shape memory alloys are classified to Ti-Ni alloys, Cu alloys or Fe alloys and Ti-Ni alloys with equivalent atomic ratio is being put to wide use.
  • the shape memorizing properties of the Ti-Ni shape memory alloys with equivalent atomic ratio are achieved by thermoelastic type martensite deformation of B2 (Cubic) - B19' (Monoclinic) , and the lattice deformation acts for the excellent shape memorizing properties.
  • the Ti-Ni alloys show B2-R (Rhombohedral) deformation occurring before the B19' martensite by thermomechanical treatment and thermoseasoning treatment, which also acts for the excellent shape memorizing properties.
  • B2-R Rambohedral
  • the shape memory alloys with an intermediate shape memorizing properties such as deformation deterioration volume or deformation hysteresis in practical utilize of the shape memory alloys.
  • Ti-Ni-Cu alloys have been developed by partial substitution of Ni of the Ti-Ni alloys by Cu.
  • Ti-Ni-Cu alloys perform B2-B19' deformation below 5at% Cu concentration. Above 10at% of Cu concentration, Ti-Ni-Cu alloys perform B2-B19 orthorhombic deformation before B19' martensite, which show the intermediate shape memorizing properties between B2-B19' and B2-R deformations . With the Cu concentration below 10at% the temperature range for B2-B19 deformation and the temperature range for B19-B19' deformation are definitely divided for suitable and industrial use of the B2-B19 deformation but plastic deformation is not possible to use in this case.
  • Another disadvantage is degradation of the shape memory effect due to slip deterioration in use because Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloys keep low slip critical stress in the state of solution treatment.
  • the present invention has an object to provide a Ti- Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys to utilize B2-B19 deformation having good shape memorizing effect by making separation of B2-B19 deformation and B19-B19' deformation and without addition of any thermal treatment such as thermomechanical treatment on the solution treated material by improving slip critical stress.
  • the shape memory alloys is made of essential Ti-Ni-Cu alloys, to add Mo below lat% to divide B2-B19 deformation and B19-B19' deformation and to improve slip critical stress by using solution treatment material to carry out the thermal cycle under the load stress of 120Mpa and obtain shape memory effect by only B2-B19 deformation without plastic deformation.
  • Fig. 1A is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo alloys
  • Fig. IB is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo alloys
  • Fig. 1C is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-l.0Mo alloys
  • Fig. 2A is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test of 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo(at%)
  • Fig. 2B is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test of 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo(at%) ;
  • Fig. 2C is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test Of 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-0.1Mo(at%) ;
  • Fig. 3 shows a Mo concentration dependency on Ms' (B2-B19 deformation initiation temperature) and Ms (B19- B19' deformation initiation temperature) ;
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the load stress dependency on restorable transformation volume of Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu- 0.3Mo(at%) alloys and Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys;
  • Fig. 5A is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo alloys
  • Fig. 5B is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo alloys
  • Fig. 6A is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction type of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo alloys
  • Fig. 6B is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction type of Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo alloys
  • Fig. 7A is a graph showing the temperature and transformation volume of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys
  • Fig. 7B is a graph showing the temperature and transformation volume Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys
  • Fig. 8A is a graph of the electric resistance of Ti- 34.7Ni-15Cu-0.3Mo(at%) alloys
  • Fig. 8B is a graph of the electric resistance of the Ti-34.5Ni-15Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys
  • Fig. 8C is a graph of the electric resistance of the Ti-34.0Ni-15Cu-l . OMo (at%) alloys;
  • Fig. 9 is a graph of the X-ray diffraction test of Ti-34.7Ni-15Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys ;
  • Fig. 10 is a graph of the constant load thermal cycle test to measure the shape memory effect of Ti-34.7Ni- 15Cu-0.3Mo(at%) alloys and the Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys;
  • Fig. 11A is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-29.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo alloys
  • Fig. 11B is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-29.5Ni-20Cu-0.5Mo alloys
  • Fig. 11C is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-29.0Ni-20Cu-l.0Mo alloys
  • Fig. 12 is a graph of theX-ray diffraction test of Ti-27.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo alloys; and Fig. 13 is a graph of the constant load thermal cycle test to measure the shape memory effect of the Ti-29.7Ni- 20Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys.
  • Cast ingot is given by hot rolling at 1123K in the alloys of Cu concentration below 10at% and worked with a rod wire of 1.2mm diameter at 298K. Cold worked volume is made below 25% at this time.
  • the alloys with Cu concentration above 15 at% cannot perform rolling and drawing and the specimen is directly given by the ingot.
  • volume of Mo below 1 at% is to avoid low deformation temperature when the volume exceeds 1 at%, which is out of the usual temperature range, and to avoid deterioration of the material workability.
  • Fig. 1A is a graph showing the electric . resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo alloys to which Ni of Ti-45Ni-5Cu(at%) is replaced by Mo of 0.3%
  • Fig. IB is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo alloys to which Ni of Ti-45Ni-5Cu(at%) is replaced by Mo of 0.5%
  • Fig. 1A is a graph showing the electric . resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo alloys to which Ni of Ti-45Ni-5Cu(at%) is replaced by Mo of 0.3%
  • Fig. IB is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo alloys to which Ni of Ti-45Ni-5Cu(at%) is replaced by Mo of 0.5%
  • Fig. 1C is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-l.0Mo alloys to which Ni of Ti-45Ni-5Cu(at%) is replaced by Mo of 0.3%.
  • Fig. 2A is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test result during temperature change to show the electric resistance of 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloy,
  • Fig. 2B is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test result during temperature change to show the electric resistance of 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloy
  • Fig. 2C is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test result during temperature change to show the electric resistance of 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-0. IMo (at%) alloy.
  • B19 martensite is found in all 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu- 0.3Mo(at%) alloys, 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys and 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-0. IMo (at%) alloys .
  • Fig. 3 shows the Mo concentration from Ms' (B2-B19 deformation initiation temperature) and Ms(B19-B19' deformation initiation temperature) from Figs. 1 and 2. Larger volume of Mo is proportional to increase of the temperature range of B19 martensite.
  • Fig. 4 shows a load stress dependency on recoverable stress of Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys and Ti-44.5Ni- 5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys. As the more load stress is given, the recoverable stress increases. As a result, Ti-44.7Ni- 5Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys has up to 6.4% transformation and Ti-4.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) has up to 7% transformation.
  • Fig. 5A shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo alloys
  • Fig. 5B shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo alloys.
  • Hardening alloys of Ti and Mo are fabricated by using plasma solution method. Fabricated hardening alloys and sponge Ti(99.6% purity), pure Ni(99.9% purity) and pure Cu(99.9% purity) are charged to the graphite crucible to perform vacuum melting with high frequency. Cold worked volume is set 25%. After cold working, the alloys are kept in 1123K for one hour and solution treated in the ice water.
  • Fig. 6 shows a X-ray diffraction test result with temperature changes to examine the electric resistance change reasons of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 6A Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo alloys
  • Fig. 6B Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo alloys
  • B19 martensite is found but B19' martensite is not found even cooling at the temperature of 213K.
  • Fig. 7 shows the constant load thermal cycle test result to measure the shape memory effect of Ti-39.7Ni- 10Cu-0.3Mo(at%) alloys and the Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys.
  • Fig. 7A shows a transformation temperature change of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys
  • Fig. 7B shows a transformation temperature change of Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo(at%) alloys.
  • Fig. 8A shows an electric resistance change of Ti- 34.7Ni-15Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys
  • Fig. 8B shows an electric resistance change of the Ti-34.5Ni-15Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys
  • Fig. 8C shows an electric resistance change of the Ti-34.0Ni-15Cu-1.0Mo(at%) alloys.
  • the fabricating method is the same as the Example 1 and Example 2. Rolling and drawing are performed and the ingot cuts the specimen. Cut specimen is given by solution treatment same as the Example 1.
  • Fig. 9 shows a X-ray diffraction test result of Ti- 34.7Ni-15Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys to explain an electric resistance change in which only B19 martensite is observed at 123K cooling.
  • Fig. 10 shows a constant load thermal cycle test result to measure the shape memory effect of Ti-34.7Ni- 15Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys and the Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys. Although only solution treatment is applied to all specimens, transformation of cooling is restored in 120 Mpa heating.
  • Fig. 11A shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-29.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo alloys
  • Fig. 11B shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-29.5Ni-20Cu- 0.5Mo alloys
  • Fig. 11C shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-29.0Ni-20Cu-l .
  • OMo alloys Fabrication method is same as the Example 1 but rolling and drawing are not possible for these alloys. Specimen is directly cut from the ingot. Cut specimen is given by the same solution treatment as the Example 1.
  • Fig. 12 shows the X-ray diffraction test result of Ti-27.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo alloys to explain the electric resistance change. B10 martensite is observed at 88K cooling.
  • Fig. 13 shows a constant load thermal cycle test result to measure the shape memory effect of the Ti- 29.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys. Cooling is restored in 120 Mpa heating although only solution treatment is applied to all specimen.
  • Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys increase stability of the B19 martensite to make clearly separate the B2-B19 deformation and B19-B19' deformation so as to industrially utilize the B2-B19 deformation having superior shape memorizing properties. Further, Ti- Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys of the invention improves slip critical stress and utilize solution treated material without the additional heat treatment such as thermomechanical treatment. As a result, Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys of the invention has low temperature hysteresis of 10K and high load stress of 120Mpa, as good driving element material .

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys to provide Ti-Ni-Cu alloys in essential in which Mo of below 1 at% is added to make separate B2-B19 deformation and B19-B19' deformation and to improve slip critical stress by using the solution treatment material, thereby achieving good shape memory effect by B2-B19 deformation without plastic deformation in carrying out the thermal cycle under the load stress of 120 Mpa.

Description

Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys, more specifically, a Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys in which B2-B19 transformation and B19-B19' transformation are divided in essential and to obtain shape memorizing properties by B2-B19 deformation by partial replacement of Ni by Mo, thereby improving slip critical stress.
BACKGROUND ART
The shape memory alloys are classified to Ti-Ni alloys, Cu alloys or Fe alloys and Ti-Ni alloys with equivalent atomic ratio is being put to wide use. The shape memorizing properties of the Ti-Ni shape memory alloys with equivalent atomic ratio are achieved by thermoelastic type martensite deformation of B2 (Cubic) - B19' (Monoclinic) , and the lattice deformation acts for the excellent shape memorizing properties.
In addition to the B2-B19' deformation, the Ti-Ni alloys show B2-R (Rhombohedral) deformation occurring before the B19' martensite by thermomechanical treatment and thermoseasoning treatment, which also acts for the excellent shape memorizing properties. However, there exists clear contrast between the B2- B19' deformation effect and the B2-R deformation effect and thus the practical necessity is raised to the shape memory alloys with an intermediate shape memorizing properties such as deformation deterioration volume or deformation hysteresis in practical utilize of the shape memory alloys. Ti-Ni-Cu alloys have been developed by partial substitution of Ni of the Ti-Ni alloys by Cu.
Ti-Ni-Cu alloys perform B2-B19' deformation below 5at% Cu concentration. Above 10at% of Cu concentration, Ti-Ni-Cu alloys perform B2-B19 orthorhombic deformation before B19' martensite, which show the intermediate shape memorizing properties between B2-B19' and B2-R deformations . With the Cu concentration below 10at% the temperature range for B2-B19 deformation and the temperature range for B19-B19' deformation are definitely divided for suitable and industrial use of the B2-B19 deformation but plastic deformation is not possible to use in this case. There are a disadvantage to carry out the method to clearly make separate the B2-B19 deformation from the B19-B19' deformation in the alloys below 10at% of Cu concentration of plastic deformation in order to practically utilize the B2-B19 deformation of Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloys.
Another disadvantage is degradation of the shape memory effect due to slip deterioration in use because Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloys keep low slip critical stress in the state of solution treatment.
Conventional Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloys have been treated by thermomechanical treatment to compliment slip to the alloys but this still has a disadvantage that B2- B19 deformation and B2-B19' deformation become close.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has an object to provide a Ti- Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys to utilize B2-B19 deformation having good shape memorizing effect by making separation of B2-B19 deformation and B19-B19' deformation and without addition of any thermal treatment such as thermomechanical treatment on the solution treated material by improving slip critical stress.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the shape memory alloys containing 50Ti- (45-X)Ni-5Cu-XMo(at%) (X=0.3-1.0), 50Ti- (40-X) Ni- 10Cu-XMo(at%) (X=0.3-1.0), 50Ti- (35-X)Ni-15Cu- XMo(at%) (X=0.3-1.0) , and 50Ti- (30-X)Ni-20Cu- XMo(at%) (X=0.3-1.0) . The shape memory alloys is made of essential Ti-Ni-Cu alloys, to add Mo below lat% to divide B2-B19 deformation and B19-B19' deformation and to improve slip critical stress by using solution treatment material to carry out the thermal cycle under the load stress of 120Mpa and obtain shape memory effect by only B2-B19 deformation without plastic deformation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described in detail through use of the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1A is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo alloys;
Fig. IB is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo alloys;
Fig. 1C is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-l.0Mo alloys;
Fig. 2A is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test of 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo(at%) ; Fig. 2B is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test of 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo(at%) ;
Fig. 2C is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test Of 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-0.1Mo(at%) ;
Fig. 3 shows a Mo concentration dependency on Ms' (B2-B19 deformation initiation temperature) and Ms (B19- B19' deformation initiation temperature) ;
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the load stress dependency on restorable transformation volume of Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu- 0.3Mo(at%) alloys and Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys;
Fig. 5A is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo alloys;
Fig. 5B is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo alloys; Fig. 6A is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction type of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo alloys;
Fig. 6B is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction type of Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo alloys;
Fig. 7A is a graph showing the temperature and transformation volume of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys;
Fig. 7B is a graph showing the temperature and transformation volume Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys;
Fig. 8A is a graph of the electric resistance of Ti- 34.7Ni-15Cu-0.3Mo(at%) alloys;
Fig. 8B is a graph of the electric resistance of the Ti-34.5Ni-15Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys;
Fig. 8C is a graph of the electric resistance of the Ti-34.0Ni-15Cu-l . OMo (at%) alloys; Fig. 9 is a graph of the X-ray diffraction test of Ti-34.7Ni-15Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys ;
Fig. 10 is a graph of the constant load thermal cycle test to measure the shape memory effect of Ti-34.7Ni- 15Cu-0.3Mo(at%) alloys and the Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys;
Fig. 11A is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-29.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo alloys;
Fig. 11B is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-29.5Ni-20Cu-0.5Mo alloys;
Fig. 11C is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of Ti-29.0Ni-20Cu-l.0Mo alloys;
Fig. 12 is a graph of theX-ray diffraction test of Ti-27.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo alloys; and Fig. 13 is a graph of the constant load thermal cycle test to measure the shape memory effect of the Ti-29.7Ni- 20Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the invention, Mo below 1 at% is added to the Ti- 45Ni-5Cu(at%) , Ti-40Ni, 10Cu9at%) , and Ti-35Ni-20Cu(at%) alloys. Because the melting point of Mo is at 26°C, hardening alloys of T and Mo is fabricated by using a plasma solution method. Fabricated hardening alloys and sponge Ti(99.6% purity), pure Ni(99.9% purity) and pure Cu(99.9% purity) are charged to the graphite crucible to perform vacuum melting of high frequency.
Cast ingot is given by hot rolling at 1123K in the alloys of Cu concentration below 10at% and worked with a rod wire of 1.2mm diameter at 298K. Cold worked volume is made below 25% at this time.
The alloys with Cu concentration above 15 at% cannot perform rolling and drawing and the specimen is directly given by the ingot.
Setting the volume of Mo below 1 at% is to avoid low deformation temperature when the volume exceeds 1 at%, which is out of the usual temperature range, and to avoid deterioration of the material workability.
[Example 1]
Fig. 1A is a graph showing the electric . resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo alloys to which Ni of Ti-45Ni-5Cu(at%) is replaced by Mo of 0.3%, Fig. IB is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo alloys to which Ni of Ti-45Ni-5Cu(at%) is replaced by Mo of 0.5%, and
Fig. 1C is a graph showing the electric resistance temperature of 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-l.0Mo alloys to which Ni of Ti-45Ni-5Cu(at%) is replaced by Mo of 0.3%. A melting
point for Mo is 2610° C. Hardening alloys of Ti and Mo are
fabricated by using plasma solution method. Fabricated hardening alloys and sponge Ti(99.6% purity), pure Ni(99.9% purity) and pure Cu(99.9% purity) are charged to the graphite crucible to perform vacuum melting with high frequency. Cold worked volume is set 25%. After cold working, the alloys are kept at 1123K for one hour and solution-treated in the ice water. Then, Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu- 0.3Mo(at%) alloys and the Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys reveal the two-stage change of electric resistance, while the Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-l. OMo (at%) alloys reveal the one-stage of electric resistance.
Fig. 2A is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test result during temperature change to show the electric resistance of 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloy,
Fig. 2B is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test result during temperature change to show the electric resistance of 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloy, and Fig. 2C is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction test result during temperature change to show the electric resistance of 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-0. IMo (at%) alloy.
B19 martensite is found in all 50Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu- 0.3Mo(at%) alloys, 50Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys and 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-0. IMo (at%) alloys .
In 50Ti-44.0Ni-5Cu-0.lMo(at%) alloys, it is found that B2-B19 deformation and B19-B19' deformation are clearly divided. Fig. 3 shows the Mo concentration from Ms' (B2-B19 deformation initiation temperature) and Ms(B19-B19' deformation initiation temperature) from Figs. 1 and 2. Larger volume of Mo is proportional to increase of the temperature range of B19 martensite. Fig. 4 shows a load stress dependency on recoverable stress of Ti-44.7Ni-5Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys and Ti-44.5Ni- 5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys. As the more load stress is given, the recoverable stress increases. As a result, Ti-44.7Ni- 5Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys has up to 6.4% transformation and Ti-4.5Ni-5Cu-0.5Mo (at%) has up to 7% transformation.
[Example 2]
Fig. 5A shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo alloys, and Fig. 5B shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo alloys.
Hardening alloys of Ti and Mo are fabricated by using plasma solution method. Fabricated hardening alloys and sponge Ti(99.6% purity), pure Ni(99.9% purity) and pure Cu(99.9% purity) are charged to the graphite crucible to perform vacuum melting with high frequency. Cold worked volume is set 25%. After cold working, the alloys are kept in 1123K for one hour and solution treated in the ice water.
Fig. 6 shows a X-ray diffraction test result with temperature changes to examine the electric resistance change reasons of Fig. 5. In the Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo alloys (Fig. 6A) and Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo alloys (Fig. 6B) B19 martensite is found but B19' martensite is not found even cooling at the temperature of 213K.
This is caused by addition of Mo. Mo acts to divide the temperature range over 10OK between the B2-B19 deformation and B19-B19' deformation. Fig. 7 shows the constant load thermal cycle test result to measure the shape memory effect of Ti-39.7Ni- 10Cu-0.3Mo(at%) alloys and the Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys. Specifically, Fig. 7A shows a transformation temperature change of Ti-39.7Ni-10Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys and Fig. 7B shows a transformation temperature change of Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo(at%) alloys. Although only solution treatment is applied to all specimen, transformation of cooling is restored in 120 Mpa heating. [Example 3]
Fig. 8A shows an electric resistance change of Ti- 34.7Ni-15Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys, Fig. 8B shows an electric resistance change of the Ti-34.5Ni-15Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys, and Fig. 8C shows an electric resistance change of the Ti-34.0Ni-15Cu-1.0Mo(at%) alloys. The fabricating method is the same as the Example 1 and Example 2. Rolling and drawing are performed and the ingot cuts the specimen. Cut specimen is given by solution treatment same as the Example 1.
Fig. 9 shows a X-ray diffraction test result of Ti- 34.7Ni-15Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys to explain an electric resistance change in which only B19 martensite is observed at 123K cooling. Fig. 10 shows a constant load thermal cycle test result to measure the shape memory effect of Ti-34.7Ni- 15Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys and the Ti-39.5Ni-19Cu-0.5Mo (at%) alloys. Although only solution treatment is applied to all specimens, transformation of cooling is restored in 120 Mpa heating.
[Example 4]
Fig. 11A shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-29.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo alloys, Fig. 11B shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-29.5Ni-20Cu- 0.5Mo alloys, and Fig. 11C shows an electric resistance temperature change of Ti-29.0Ni-20Cu-l . OMo alloys. Fabrication method is same as the Example 1 but rolling and drawing are not possible for these alloys. Specimen is directly cut from the ingot. Cut specimen is given by the same solution treatment as the Example 1.
Fig. 12 shows the X-ray diffraction test result of Ti-27.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo alloys to explain the electric resistance change. B10 martensite is observed at 88K cooling.
Fig. 13 shows a constant load thermal cycle test result to measure the shape memory effect of the Ti- 29.7Ni-20Cu-0.3Mo (at%) alloys. Cooling is restored in 120 Mpa heating although only solution treatment is applied to all specimen.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
In the invention, Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys increase stability of the B19 martensite to make clearly separate the B2-B19 deformation and B19-B19' deformation so as to industrially utilize the B2-B19 deformation having superior shape memorizing properties. Further, Ti- Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys of the invention improves slip critical stress and utilize solution treated material without the additional heat treatment such as thermomechanical treatment. As a result, Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys of the invention has low temperature hysteresis of 10K and high load stress of 120Mpa, as good driving element material .
The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative, and not restrictive. The scope of the inventions, therefore, indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope .

Claims

1. Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys consisting of 50Ti-
(45-X)Ni-5Cu-XMo(at%) (X=0.3-1.0) .
2. Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys consisting of 50Ti-
(40-X)Ni-10Cu-XMo(at%) (X=0.3-1.0) .
3. Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys consisting of 50Ti- (35-X)Ni-15Cu-XMo(at%) (X=0.3-1.0) .
4. Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo shape memory alloys, consisting of 50Ti-
(30-X)Ni-20Cu-XMo(at%) (X=0.3-1.0) .
PCT/KR2001/001045 2000-07-07 2001-06-19 Ti-Ni-Cu-Mo SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS WO2002004688A1 (en)

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RU2476619C2 (en) * 2011-03-17 2013-02-27 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" Treatment method of titanium-nickel alloys with nickel content of 49-51 at % with shape memory effect and reversible shape memory effect (versions)

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KR200457896Y1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2012-01-12 (주)희성 insole
EP4143355A1 (en) 2020-04-21 2023-03-08 Alotek Ltd Method for flexible manufacturing of intermetallic compounds and device for making thereof

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CN100348760C (en) * 2004-10-22 2007-11-14 中国科学院金属研究所 Fastening ring made of wide thermal hysteresis Ti-Ni-based shape-memory alloy, preparation method and application thereof
RU2476619C2 (en) * 2011-03-17 2013-02-27 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" Treatment method of titanium-nickel alloys with nickel content of 49-51 at % with shape memory effect and reversible shape memory effect (versions)

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