WO2002001776A1 - Procede et appareil utilisant une antenne intelligente dans un systeme de communication sans fil en duplex a division de frequence - Google Patents

Procede et appareil utilisant une antenne intelligente dans un systeme de communication sans fil en duplex a division de frequence Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002001776A1
WO2002001776A1 PCT/CN2001/000133 CN0100133W WO0201776A1 WO 2002001776 A1 WO2002001776 A1 WO 2002001776A1 CN 0100133 W CN0100133 W CN 0100133W WO 0201776 A1 WO0201776 A1 WO 0201776A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
communication system
smart antenna
frequency
wireless communication
antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2001/000133
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Shihe Li
Jun Li
Feng Li
Original Assignee
China Academy Of Telecommunications Technology,Mii
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Academy Of Telecommunications Technology,Mii filed Critical China Academy Of Telecommunications Technology,Mii
Priority to AU2001235323A priority Critical patent/AU2001235323B2/en
Priority to CA2412018A priority patent/CA2412018C/en
Priority to AU3532301A priority patent/AU3532301A/xx
Priority to KR1020027016883A priority patent/KR100564827B1/ko
Priority to BR0111574-0A priority patent/BR0111574A/pt
Priority to EP01907321.2A priority patent/EP1298825B1/en
Priority to MXPA02012294A priority patent/MXPA02012294A/es
Priority to JP2002505431A priority patent/JP2004502334A/ja
Publication of WO2002001776A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002001776A1/zh
Priority to US10/317,719 priority patent/US7394799B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/204—Multiple access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a code division multiple access cellular mobile communication system, and more particularly to a frequency division silent code division multiple access cellular mobile communication system using smart antenna technology.
  • Smart antenna is one of the most important technologies in the field of modern wireless communication, especially in the current mainstream code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular mobile communication system.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • smart antenna technology When smart antenna technology is used, it will bring Many benefits, such as can greatly increase system capacity, increase the coverage of wireless base stations, reduce system costs, improve system performance, etc. Therefore, smart antenna technology has become an important technology of worldwide concern.
  • smart antenna technology is also mainly used in time division duplex (TDD) code division multiple access wireless communication systems, including cellular mobile communication systems, wireless user loops, and wireless local networks.
  • TDD time division duplex
  • the main reason is that in a time division duplex system, the transmission and reception use the same frequency, and the uplink (receive) and downlink (transmit) radio wave propagation characteristics are the same.
  • the smart antenna system used can The beamforming parameters of the received signal obtained by the link are then completely used for downlink beamforming, thereby fully utilizing the advantages of the smart antenna.
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • a further analysis of the use of smart antenna technology in a frequency-division duplex mobile communication system is: If smart antenna technology is used in a wireless base station of a frequency-division duplex wireless communication system, since reception and transmission work simultaneously using different frequency bands, Therefore, one or more smart antenna arrays (rows) can be used for receiving and transmitting.
  • the working method and principle of the smart antenna of the receiving link can fully refer to the smart antenna technology used in the time division duplex wireless communication system, such as Chinese patent ZL 97 1 04039. 7 "Time division duplex synchronous code division multiple access with smart antenna "Wireless communication system”; however, the downlink beamforming in its transmit link cannot be simply performed using beamforming parameters for each antenna unit obtained from the receiving link. This is performed in a frequency division duplex wireless communication system.
  • the asymmetrical performance of the uplink and downlink radio wave propagation characteristics is determined. Summary of the Invention
  • the frequency division duplex CDMA mobile communication system can also obtain the advantages of a smart antenna, an in-frequency Method and device for using smart antenna in split-duplex wireless communication system.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to design a method and a device using a smart antenna in a frequency division duplex wireless communication system, so as to overcome the problem of asymmetry of uplink and downlink radio wave propagation in a frequency division duplex code division multiple access mobile communication system. Obstacles caused by the use of smart antenna technology, thereby enabling a frequency division duplex code division multiple access cellular mobile communication system using smart antennas.
  • a method for using a smart antenna in a frequency division duplex wireless communication system which is characterized by including the following steps:
  • the downlink radio frequency transmission and the uplink radio frequency reception use separate independent smart antenna arrays, feeder cables, radio frequency reception and transmitters, and a common baseband signal processor;
  • Cailiang uses this direction of the main propagation path to synthesize a downward beam shape that is expected to be obtained.
  • the obtaining the signal arrival direction estimate from the uplink received signal and determining the direction from the main propagation path further includes the following steps: N received signal preprocessors perform N digital signals from the receiving antenna array and the receiver. Demodulation and despreading; the receiving beamformer separately estimates the direction of arrival of each digital signal and algorithmically combines the signals of each channel to complete the reception beamforming, and sends the estimated direction of arrival to the downlink transmission link; The combined signals are restored in the back-end processor to receive digital signal output.
  • the process of obtaining a signal arrival direction estimate from an uplink received signal and determining a direction from a main propagation path is performed in a common baseband signal processor in a base station.
  • the synthesizing an expected downlink transmission beam shape according to the direction of the main propagation path further includes the following steps: each channel of digital signals waiting to be transmitted includes channel coding, interleaving, spread spectrum modulation, After basic processing of RF modulation, it is sent to the transmit beamformer; the transmit beamformer refers to the receiver The estimation of the direction of arrival of the receiving beamformer performs beamforming of the transmitting antenna for each digital signal; for each transmitting link, digital combining is completed in the digital combiner to form M digital signals and send them to the corresponding Transmitter and transmitting antenna array.
  • the transmitting beamformer refers to the estimation of the direction of arrival from the receiving beamformer to perform beamforming on each channel of digital signals, which is to add data to the data waiting to be transmitted to each transmitting antenna. Shape the required amplitude and phase values.
  • the synthesis of an expected downlink transmission beam shape according to the direction of the main propagation path is performed in a common baseband signal processor in the base station.
  • the digital signal is transmitted by the RF receiver through analog-to-digital conversion and the RF transmitter through digital-to-analog conversion, and then through a high-speed data bus and a common baseband signal processor.
  • the smart antenna array for downlink RF transmission and the smart antenna array for uplink RF reception are one or more groups.
  • the shape of the downlink transmission beam is a sharp beam.
  • the method for synthesizing the downlink transmission beam shape is determined by the geometric structure of the transmitting smart antenna array.
  • a device using a smart antenna in a frequency division duplex wireless communication system which is characterized by including an antenna feeder system consisting of a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array, A radio frequency receiver connected to a receiving antenna array, a radio frequency transmitter connected to a transmitting antenna array, and a common baseband signal processor; the radio frequency receiver and radio frequency transmitter are connected to a common baseband signal processor through a data bus, and radio frequency reception The transmitter and the radio frequency transmitter share a frequency and timing unit.
  • the receiving antenna array includes N receiving antenna units, which are respectively connected to N radio frequency receivers through a feeding cable; the transmitting antenna array includes M transmitting antenna units, which are respectively connected to M radio frequency transmitting cables through a feeding cable.
  • N and M are arbitrary positive integers.
  • the baseband signal processor is composed of an uplink baseband signal processor and a downlink baseband signal processor.
  • the uplink baseband signal processor sends an estimate of the direction of arrival of the future wave main path in the uplink beamforming to the downlink baseband signal processor as the downlink. Basis for beamforming.
  • the uplink baseband signal processor includes N received signal preprocessors that demodulate and despread N digital signals from the receiving antenna array and the receiver, and respectively processes the N received signal preprocessors from the N received signal preprocessors.
  • a receiving beamformer that estimates the direction of arrival of each digital signal and algorithmically combines the N digital signals, and a back-end processor that restores the combined signal to receive the digital signal output;
  • the downlink baseband signal processor It includes a basic digital signal processor that performs basic processing on each digital signal to be transmitted, and performs a transmitting antenna beamforming on each digital signal output by the basic digital signal processor with reference to the estimated direction of arrival obtained from the receiving beamformer.
  • the transmitting beam shaper completes digital combining with each transmitting link to form a digital combiner that sends M digital signals to M transmitters and M transmitting antenna arrays.
  • a smart antenna array is used for each of radio frequency transmission and radio frequency reception.
  • the antenna units and related feeders that make up the smart antenna array are connected to the corresponding RF transmitters and receivers, and then connected to a common set of basebands through analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, respectively.
  • Processor the means for processing signals to generate signals.
  • the method and device for using a smart antenna in a frequency-division duplex wireless communication system determine a direction from a main propagation path (referred to as a main path) by using a signal arrival direction (DOA) estimate obtained from a received signal, and
  • DOA signal arrival direction
  • the downlink beamforming is to synthesize an expected transmit beam shape based on this main path direction, such as a sharp beam (penci l beam).
  • the downlink beam synthesis method is very mature in antenna array theory. The geometry of the array is determined.
  • a wireless base station in a frequency division duplex wireless communication system, can fully obtain the functions and characteristics of a smart antenna in the uplink, and the downlink also includes the same, including reducing interference, increasing, etc.
  • the main function of the smart antenna including the effective transmission power.
  • the signal synthesis algorithm of any smart antenna can be used to fully utilize the advantages of the smart antenna.
  • the advantages of the smart antenna can be basically obtained, and the downlink
  • the relationship between beamforming and the position of the user terminal is not strict, and it will be more advantageous to use it in a high-speed moving environment.
  • the method and the base station device of the present invention can basically solve the limitation or obstacle caused by the asymmetry problem of uplink and downlink radio wave transmission on the use of smart antenna technology in a frequency division duplex code division multiple access mobile communication system. At the same time, system capacity can be greatly increased and costs can be reduced.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a base station structure of a time division duplex wireless communication system with a smart antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a base station structure of a frequency division duplex wireless communication system with a smart antenna.
  • Figure 3 is the structure of the baseband signal processor in the base station and its signal processing block diagram when the smart antenna is used in a frequency division duplex wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming application using the frequency division duplex smart antenna system of the present invention, including FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, and FIG. 4C. Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
  • the technology of the present invention will be explained in one step in combination with the embodiments and the drawings.
  • the technology of the present invention is a method and device for using smart antenna technology in a frequency division wireless communication system.
  • the embodiment uses a frequency division duplex code division multiple access cellular mobile communication system.
  • System such as the CDMA FDD system in IMT-2000
  • the technical solution and the technical advantages brought by the method of the present invention are explained in more detail.
  • the base station operates in a CDMA TDD mode, and its antenna feeder system consists of N antenna units that form an antenna array (column). 11, 12, 13 1N and its associated feeder cable, that is, N antenna feeder units.
  • the N antenna feeder units are respectively connected to N radio frequency transceivers (TR X ) 21, 22, 23, ..., 2N.
  • TR X radio frequency transceivers
  • These radio frequency transceivers share a local oscillator source 30 (frequency and timing unit), that is, N radio frequency transceivers TR X work in coherence.
  • each RF transceiver TR x is converted into a digital sampling signal by an internal analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and then sent to the high-speed data bus 31; the digital signals to be transmitted on this data bus 31 are sent
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • All baseband digital signal processing is completed in the baseband signal processor 33.
  • the current advanced digital signal processing (DSP) technology can be used to realize the functions of signal modulation and demodulation, receive and transmit beamforming, and can overcome interference such as multiple access and multipath.
  • DSP advanced digital signal processing
  • EIRP equivalent isotropic transmission power
  • a wireless base station with a smart antenna has an antenna feeder system for transmitting and receiving (TR X ) at the same time.
  • TR X antenna feeder system for transmitting and receiving
  • a structure of a wireless base station 60 having a smart antenna in a frequency division duplex wireless communication system according to the present invention is shown.
  • This base station works in CDMA FDD mode, and its antenna feeder system includes two antenna arrays (columns): a receiving antenna array (columns) and a transmitting antenna array (columns).
  • the receiving antenna array (uplink) includes N receiving antenna units 71,
  • the transmitting antenna array (downlink) includes M transmitting antenna units 81, 82, 83 8M and their associated feeding cables, that is, M transmitting antennas only
  • the feeder unit is composed of M transmitting antenna feeder units respectively corresponding to M radio frequency transmitters (T x ) 51, 52, and 53 5M.
  • These radio frequency receivers and transmitters share a local oscillator source 90 (frequency and timing unit), that is, N and M radio frequency receivers and transmitters work coherently.
  • each RF receiver (R x) of the received signal converted by the analog to digital converter own internal DC) into a digital sampled signal, and then supplied to high-speed data bus 91.
  • this digital signal from each RF receiving link will complete the baseband digital signal processing in the baseband signal processor 93, including demodulation, despreading, overcoming various interferences, and obtaining the arrival direction of the incoming wave (D0A ) Valuation and receive beamforming.
  • the signal processing method is the same as the beamforming method of the smart antenna in a time-division duplex wireless communication system.
  • Chinese patent ZL 97 1 04039. Prior applications including "Wireless Communication System" The related patent technology is not repeated here.
  • the digital signal to be transmitted is firstly subjected to basic digital signal processing in the baseband signal processor 93, including channel tapping, channel coding, interleaving, I / Q separation, modulation, spreading, etc., and then the downlink beam is performed.
  • Shape The basis of its downlink beamforming is derived from the arrival direction (DOA) estimate obtained in the uplink baseband digital signal processing, and the specific method of downlink beamforming can use algorithms well known in antenna array theory.
  • DOA arrival direction
  • the digital signal to be sent to each transmit link is added with the phase and amplitude required for beamforming (the phase and amplitude can be obtained by various algorithms, and the algorithm is It is well known and used by those skilled in the technical field, so it will not be repeated here).
  • a total digital signal to be transmitted for each transmission link is composed.
  • the digital signals to be transmitted are sent to the corresponding radio frequency transmitters (T x ) through the high-speed data bus 91, converted into analog signals by the internal digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and finally transmitted by the corresponding transmitting antenna units. Go out.
  • the uplink and downlink beam forming methods of the present invention are used, thereby achieving the objective of implementing a smart antenna in a wireless base station of a frequency division duplex wireless communication system.
  • a frequency division duplex CDMA wireless communication system is taken as an example to describe in detail a structure of a baseband signal processor and a signal processing flow in the baseband signal processor (such as 93 in FIG. 2).
  • the N digital signals 101, 102, 103 ..., 1 ON from the receiving antenna array and the receiver first enter N receiving signal pre-processors 111, 112, 113 11N, and perform the solution. Harmonic despreading; then enter the receive beam
  • the shaper 150 respectively, estimates the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signals (each digital signal) from each user terminal and combines the signals from the receiving antennas according to a certain algorithm, that is, receiving beam forming; The combined signals of the user terminals are restored in the back-end processor 155 to receive digital signal outputs.
  • DOE direction of arrival
  • each channel of digital signals to be transmitted is sent to the transmit beamformer 140 after basic processing by the basic digital signal processor 145; the transmit beamformer 140 will process each digital signal, With reference to the D0A estimate 160 from the receiving beamformer 150, transmit antenna beamforming is performed, that is, a required amplitude and phase value is added to the data to be sent to each transmit antenna; then, for each transmit link To complete digital combining in digital combiners 131, .132, 133 and 13M, respectively, to form
  • the receiving beamformer 150 and the back-end processor 155, the transmitting beamformer 140 and the basic digital signal processor 145 may be implemented by multiple physical units (the number of physical units and the number of each unit). It is related to complexity and complexity), and the concept of the multi-physical unit is represented by three overlapping boxes in the figure.
  • the uplink propagation link between the wireless base station 200 and the user terminal 210 includes a main path signal 220 and a plurality of multipath signals 221, 222, 223, ... caused by building reflections, etc.
  • the delay varies with the actual environment. It is assumed that the delays of the multipath signals 221 and 111 are within one chip width, while the delays of the other multipath signals exceed one chip width.
  • the beam 242 (downlink beam) transmitted by the transmitting antenna array 240 of the wireless base station 200 shown in FIG. 4C is shaped according to the D0A estimate of the uplink receiving beam, and will only point in the direction of the main path 220 of the uplink signal.
  • the downlink transmission beam shape is a sharp beam.
  • the user terminal since the user terminal receives using an omnidirectional antenna, the downlink beam shown in FIG. 4C will also generate multipath components due to being reflected, etc. during radio wave propagation. Therefore, the user terminal is performing baseband digital Signal processing must also overcome the interference of these multiple-access components.
  • the technical problems are not included here because they do not belong to the purpose of the present invention.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Description

在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能天线的方法与装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种码分多址蜂窝移动通信系统， 更确切地说是涉 及一种使用智能天线技术的频分默工码分多址蜂窝移动通信系统。 发明背景
智能天线（Smart Antenna )是现代无线通信领域中的一项最重 要的技术， 特别是在当前主流的码分多址（CDMA)蜂窝移动通信系统 中， 当使用了智能天线技术后， 将带来诸多好处， 如可大大增加系 统容量、 增加无线基站的覆盖范围、 降低系统成本、 提高系统性能 等等， 故智能天线技术已经成了全世界关注的一项重要技术。
目前， 智能天线技术还主要使用于时分双工 （TDD )码分多址的 无线通信系统中， 包括蜂窝移动通信系统、 无线用户环路及无线本 地网等等。 究其主要原因是在时分双工系统中， 发射与接收是使用 相同的频率， 上行（接收） 与下行（发射） 的电波传播特性是相同 的， 所使用的智能天线系统， 就可以将从上行链路获得的接收信号 的波束赋形参数再完全使用于下行波束赋形， 从而充分发挥了智能 天线的优势。
但在目前的蜂窝移动通信系统中， 使用最多的仍是频分双工 ( FDD ) 的无线通信系统， 其上、 下行使用不同的载波频率， 其上、 下电波传播特性是完全不同的， 所产生的结果是： 受电磁理论基本 原理的制约， 给在频分双工移动通信系统中使用智能天线技术造成 了障碍， 即不能将从上行链路获得的接收信号的波束赋形参数再完 全使用于下行波束赋形， 也就不能充分发挥智能天线的优势。
对在频分双工移动通信系统中使用智能天线技术的进一步的分 析是： 如果在频分双工无线通信系统的无线基站中使用智能天线技 术， 由于接收和发射是使用不同频段同时工作的， 故针对接收和发 射可分别使用一组或多组智能天线阵（列）。 其接收链路智能天线的 工作方法和原理可完全参考时分双工无线通信系统中所采用的智能 天线技术， 如中国专利 ZL 97 1 04039. 7 "具有智能天线的时分双 工同步码分多址无线通信系统"； 然而其发射链路中下行波束赋形则 不能简单地使用从接收链路获得的、 对各天线单元的波束赋形参数 来进行， 这是由频分双工无线通信系统中上、 下行链路电波传播特 性不对称的性能所决定的。 发明内容
为了解决在频分双工的码分多址移动通信系统中使用智能天线 技术的问题， 使频分双工的码分多址移动通信系统也能获得智能天 线的优势， 而设计一种在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能天线的 方法与装置。
本发明的目的是设计一种在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能 天线的方法与装置， 以克服在频分双工码分多址移动通信系统中因 上、 下行电波传播不对称问题对使用智能天线技术所造成的障碍， 从而能实现一种使用智能天线的频分双工码分多址蜂窝移动通信系 实现本发明目的的技术方案是这样的： 一种在频分双工无线通 信系统中使用智能天线的方法， 其特征在于包括以下步骤：
A.下行射频发射与上行射频接收分别使用各自独立的智能天线 阵、 馈电电缆及射频接收、 发信机， 并公用基带信号处理器；
B.从上行接收信号中获得信号到达方向估值， 确定来自主传播 路径的方向；
C.才良据此主传播路径的方向来合成一个预期获得的下行发射波 束形状。
所述的从上行接收信号中获得信号到达方向估值， 确定来自主 传播路径的方向， 进一步包括以下步骤： 由 N 个接收信号预处理器 对来自接收天线阵及接收机的 N路数字信号进行解调和解扩频； 由 接收波束成形器分别对每路数字信号进行到达方向估值和对各路信 号进行算法合并， 完成接收波束赋形， 并将到达方向估值送下行发 射链路； 经合并后的各路信号再在后端处理器中复原为接收数字信 号输出。
所述的从上行接收信号中获得信号到达方向估值， 确定来自主 传播路径的方向的过程， 是在基站内的公用基带信号处理器中完成 的。
所述的根据主传播路径的方向来合成一个预期获得的下行发射 波束形状， 进一步包括以下步驟： 由基本数字信号处理器对等待发 射的每一路数字信号作包括信道编码、 交织、 扩频调制、 射频调制 的基本处理后， 送至发射波束赋形器； 发射波束赋形器参照来自接 收波束成形器的到达方向估值对每路数字信号进行发射天线波束赋 形； 对每一发射链路， 分别在数字合路器中完成数字合路， 形成 M 路数字信号送至各对应的发信机及发射天线阵。
所述的由发射波束赋形器参照来自接收波束成形器的到达方向 估值， 对每路数字信号进行发射天线波束赋形， 是对等待发送至每 路发射天线的数据加上一个发射波束赋形所需的幅度和相位值。
所述的根据主传播路径的方向来合成一个预期获得的下行发射 波束形状， 是在基站内的公用基带信号处理器中完成的。
是由射频接收机通过模拟至数字变换和由射频发信机通过数字 至模拟变换， 再经高速数据总线与公用的基带信号处理器进行数字 信号传输的。
所述的下行射频发射的智能天线阵与上行射频接收的智能天线 阵是一组或多组。
所述的下行发射波束形状是一种尖波束。
所述的下行发射波束形状的合成方法是由发射智能天线阵的几 何结构决定的。
实现本发明目的的技术方案还可以是这样的： 一种在频分双工 无线通信系统中使用智能天线的装置，'其特征在于： 包括由接收天 线阵与发射天线阵组成的天线馈线系统、 与接收天线阵连接的射频 接收机、 与发射天线阵连接的射频发信机和公用的基带信号处理器； 射频接收机及射频发信机通过数据总线与公用的基带信号处理器连 接， 射频接收机及射频发信机共用一频率和定时单元。 所述的接收天线阵包括 N 只接收天线单元， 分别通过馈电电缆 与 N只射频接收机对应连接； 所述的发射天线阵包括 M只发射天线 单元， 分别通过馈电电缆与 M只射频发信机对应连接， N、 M均为任 意正整数。
所述的基带信号处理器由上行基带信号处理器和下行基带信号 处理器组成， 上行基带信号处理器在上行波束赋形中将来波主径的 到达方向估值送下行基带信号处理器， 作为下行波束赋形的依据。
所述的上行基带信号处理器包括有对来自接收天线阵及接收机 的 N路数字信号进行解调与解扩频的 N个接收信号预处理器， 分别 对来自 N 个接收信号预处理器的每一路数字信号进行到达方向估值 及对 N路数字信号进行算法合并的接收波束成形器， 和将合并后的 信号复原为接收数字信号输出的后端处理器； 所述的下行基带信号 处理器包括对待发射的每一路数字信号进行基本处理的基本数字信 号处理器， 参照来自接收波束成形器获得的到达方向估值对经基本 数字信号处理器输出的每路数字信号进行发射天线波束赋形的发射 波束赋形器， 和对每一发射链路完成数字合路， 形成 M路数字信号 送至 M个发信机及 M只发射天线阵的数字合路器。
本发明的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能天线的方法与装 置， 在频分双工码分多址移动通信系统的无线基站中， 对射频发射 与射频接收分别各使用一个智能天线阵， 将组成该智能天线阵的天 线单元及相关馈线分别连接至相应的射频发信机和射频接收机， 再 分别通过模拟至数字及数字至模拟变换器连接至公用的一套基带处 理器。
本发明的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能天线的方法与装 置， 利用从接收信号中获得的信号到达方向（D0A)估值， 确定来自主 传播路径（简称主径）的方向， 对下行波束赋形则是根据此主径方向 来合成一个预期获得的发射波束形状， 如一个尖波束（penci l beam) , 其下行波束的合成方法在天线阵理论中已很成熟， 是由发射 天线阵的几何结构确定的。
根据本发明的方法， 在频分双工无线通信系统中， 无线基站可 以在上行链路中完全获得智能天线的功能和特性， 而对其下行链路， 也同样实现了包括减少干扰、 增加等效发射功率在内的智能天线的 主要功能。
本发明对上行链路， 可以使用任何一种智能天线的信号合成算 法， 充分发挥智能天线的优势； 对下行链路， 特别是在移动环境下， 可以基本上获得智能天线的优势， 而且， 下行波束赋形和用户终端 位置的关系并不严格， 在高速移动的环境中使用将更为有利。
本发明的方法与基站装置可基本解决频分双工码分多址移动通 信系统中因上、 下行链路电波传输不对称问题对使用智能天线技术 所造成的限制或障碍， 在改善小区覆盖的同时， 可大大增加系统容 量并降低成本。
将本发明的频分欢工无线通信系统中的智能天线与时分双工无 线通信系统中的智能天线比较， 虽然在频分汉工无线通信系统的下 行波束赋形时， 不可能对多径传播信号进行合成， 失去了利用时延 在一个码片宽度内的多径信号合成的优点， 但是， 也正是由于其下 行波束合成中未考虑此多径信号的合成， 从而使下行波束赋形对相 位（时间） 不敏感， 非常适于高速移动的终端， 解决了在高速移动 环境下使用智能天线技术的另一个问题。
试验表明， 在频分双工码分多址移动通信系统的无线基站中， 通过利用本发明的方法与装置， 在基站中使用智能天线系统， 可具 有改善小区覆盖、 增加系统容量、 降低系统成本及支持高速移动环 境等有益效果。 附图简要说明 图 1 是具有智能天线的时分双工无线通信系统的基站结构示意 图。
图 2 是具有智能天线的频分双工无线通信系统的基站结构示意 图。
图 3 是在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能天线时， 其基站中 基带信号处理器的结构及其信号处理框图。
图 4 是采用本发明的频分双工智能天线系统的波束赋形应用示 意图， 包括图 4A、 图 4B及图 4C。 实施本发明的方式 下面结合实施例及附图一步说明本发明的技术。
本发明的技术是一种在频分欢工无线通信系统中使用智能天线 技术的方法和装置， 实施例以频分双工的码分多址蜂窝移动通信系 统（如 IMT-2000 中的 CDMA FDD 系统）为例， 较详细地说明其技术方 案及其由本发明的方法所带来的技术优势。
参见图 1 , 图中描述了时分双工无线通信系统中一个具有智能 天线的无线基站 10的结构， 此基站工作于 CDMA TDD方式， 其天线 馈线系统由组成天线阵（列） 的 N只天线单元 11、 12、 13 1N 及其与之相关联的馈电电缆组成， 即由 N 只天线馈线单元组成。 N 只天线馈线单元分别对应连接 N只射频收发信机（ TRX ) 21、 22、 23、 ...、 2N。 这些射频收发信机共用一个本振源 30 (频率与定时单元）， 即 N 只射频收发信机 TRX是相干工作的。
每只射频收发信机 T R x所接收的信号通过内部的模数转换器 ( ADC )转换为数字取样信号， 然后送至高速数据总线 31 ; 在此数 据总线 31 上的待发射的数字信号则送入相应的射频收发信机 TRX， 经其内部的数模转换器（DAC )转换为模拟信号， 然后通过相应的天 线馈线单元发射出去。
所有基带数字信号的处理均在基带信号处理器 33中完成， 其基 带数字信号处理的方法可以参考相关专利（如中国专利 ZL 97 1 04039. 7)。 在基带信号处理器 33的硬件平台上， 使用当前先进的数 字信号处理（DSP )技术， 可实现信号的调制与解调、 接收与发射波 束赋形等功能， 可克服多址、 多径等干扰， 提高接收信噪比和灵敏 度， 增加等效各向同性发射功率 （EIRP )。 该时分双工无线通信系统 中的具有智能天线的无线基站， 其一套天线馈线系统同时用于发射 及接收（ TRX )。 以上对图 1 所示结构的描述也是现代智能天线的基本原理和概 念。
参见图 2 , 图中示出本发明的在频分双工无线通信系统中具有 智能天线的无线基站 60的结构。 此基站工作于 CDMA FDD方式， 其 天线馈线系统包括两个天线阵（列）： 接收天线阵（列） 与发射天线 阵（列）。其中的接收天线阵（上行链路 )包括 N只接收天线单元 71 、
72、 73 7N及其与之相关联的馈电电缆， 即由 N只接收天线馈 线单元组成， N 只接收天线馈线单元分别对应连接 N 只射频接收机
( Rx ) 41、 42、 43 4N; 其中的发射天线阵（下行链路） 包括 M 只发射天线单元 81 、 82、 83 8M及其与之相关联的馈电电缆， 即由 M 只发射天线馈线单元組成， M只发射天线馈线单元分别对应 连接 M只射频发信机（Tx ) 51、 52、 53 5Μ。 这些射频接收机、 发信机共用一个本振源 90 (频率与定时单元）， 即 Ν、 Μ只射频接收、 发信机是相干工作的。
对上行链路， 每只射频接收机（ Rx ) 所接收的信号通过自身内 部的模数转换器 DC )转换为数字取样信号， 然后送至高速数据总 线 91。 在无线基站 60 中， 此来自各射频接收链路的数字信号将在 基带信号处理器 93中完成基带数字信号处理， 包括解调、 解扩频、 克服各种干扰、 获得来波到达方向（D0A)估值和接收波束赋形等。 其 信号处理的方法与时分双工无线通信系统中智能天线的波束赋形方 法相同， 可以参考本申请人的包括中国专利 ZL 97 1 04039. 7 "具 有智能天线的时分双工同步码分多址无线通信系统"在内的在先申请 的相关专利技术， 在此不再赘述。
对下行链路， 待发射的数字信号先在基带信号处理器 93中进行 基本的数字信号处理， 包括信道分接、 信道编码、 交织、 I/Q分离、 调制、 扩频等， 然后进行下行波束赋形。 其下行波束赋形的依据是 来自于上行基带数字信号处理中获得的来波到达方向（D0A)估值， 而 下行波束赋形的具体方法可以使用天线阵理论中熟知的算法。 在下 行波束赋形过程中 , 对准备送至每个发射链路中的数字信号加上一 个波束赋形所需要的相位和幅度（该相位和幅度可以由多种算法获 得， 且其算法在本技术领域中是技术人员熟知熟用的， 故不在此赘 述）。 然后， 通过多码道信号的数字合成， 组成对每个发射链路的总 的待发射的数字信号。 该待发射的数字信号通过高速数据总线 91 , 分别送入相应的射频发信机（Tx ), 经其内部的数模转换器（DAC ) 转换为模拟信号， 最后由相应的发射天线单元发射出去。
在图 2 所示的本发明的装置上， 使用本发明的上、 下行波束赋 形方法， 从而实现了在频分双工无线通信系统的无线基站中实现智 能天线的目的。
参见图 3, 图中所示是以频分双工 CDMA无线通信系统为例， 详 细描述基带信号处理器的结构及其在基带信号处理器（如图 2 中的 93 ) 内的信号处理流程。
在上行基带信号处理器中， 来自接收天线阵及接收机的 N路数 字信号 101、 102、 103...、 1 ON首先对应进入 N个接收信号预处理器 111、 112、 113 11N, 进行解调和解扩频； 然后进入接收波束 成形器 150, 分别对来自每个用户终端的信号 （各路数字信号）进 行到达方向（D0A)估值及对来自各接收天线的信号按一定的算法进行 合并， 即进行接收波束赋形； 来自各用户终端的经合并后的信号再 在后端处理器 155中复原为接收数字信号输出。
在下行基带信号处理器中， 待发射的每一路数字信号， 经基本 数字信号处理器 145 作基本处理后， 送至发射波束赋形器 140; 发 射波束赋形器 140将对每路数字信号， 参照来自接收波束成形器 150 的 D0A估值 160, 进行发射天线波束赋形， 即对即将送至每路发射 天线的数据加上一个所需的幅度和相位值； 然后， 对每一发射链路， 分别在数字合路器 131、 .132、 133 13M中完成数字合路， 形成
M路数字信号 121、 122、 123 12M, 对应送至各发射链路。
图 3 中， 接收波束成形器 150与后端处理器 155， 发射波束赋 形器 140 与基本数字信号处理器 145 , 在具体实施时， 可能由多个 物理单元（物理单元的多少与各单元的筒单、 复杂程度有关）构成， 图中以重叠的三个框表示该多物理单元的概念。
参见图 4A至图 4C, 描述在频分双工 CDMA移动通信网中使用本 发明的具有智能天线的无线基站的实例。
图 4A至图 4C 中示出一个典型的城市郊区移动通信环境， 图中 示意出二个无线基站 200、 201和一个用户终端 210, 图中各矩形框 表示楼房。 无线基站 200与用户终端 210之间的上行传播链路， 包 括有主径信号 220和由于楼房反射等造成的多个多径信号 221、 222、 223、 …等， 各条多径信号的幅度与时延随实际环境的不同而不同。 假设多径信号 221和 111的时延在一个码片（chip)宽度以内， 而其 它多径信号的时延超过一个码片宽度。 使用本发明的方法与装置后， 无线基站 200的接收天线阵 230从主径信号 220上所获得的上行接 收波束的形状， 将如图 4B中的 232所示， 有效地利用了主径和短时 延多径的能量。 而图 4C中所示的无线基站 200的发射天线阵 240所 发射的波束 242 (下行波束）则是根据上行接收波束的 D0A估值进 行赋形的， 将仅仅指向上行信号主径 220 的方向， 该下行发射波束 形状是一尖波束。
在一般情况下， 由于用户终端都是使用全向天线进行接收的， 图 4C中所示的下行波束还将在电波传播过程中因被反射等而产生多 径分量， 因此用户终端在进行基带数字信号处理时还要克服这些多 址分量的干扰。 其技术问题因不属于本发明的目的所在， 不在此赘 述。
显然， 本专利申请技术中所涉及的技术方案， 包括实现方法和 装置，
信系统中

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能天线的方法， 其特 征在于包括：
A.下行射频发射与上行射频接收分别使用各自独立的智能天线 阵、 馈电电缆及射频接收、 发信机， 并公用基带信号处理器；
B.从上行接收信号中获得信号到达方向估值， 确定来自主传播 路径的方向；
C.根据此主传播路径的方向来合成一个预期获得的下行发射波 束形状。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能 天线的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的从上行接收信号中获得信号到达 方向估值， 确定来自主传播路径的方向， 进一步包括以下步骤： 由 N个接收信号预处理器对来自接收天线阵及接收机的 N路数字信号 进行解调和解扩频； 由接收波束成形器分别对每路数字信号进行到 达方向估值和对各路信号进行算法合并， 完成接收波束赋形， 并将 到达方向估值送下行发射链路； 经合并后的各路信号再在后端处理 器中复原为接收数字信号输出。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能 天线的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的从上行接收信号中获得信号到达 方向估值， 确定来自主传播路径的方向的过程， 是在基站内的公用 基带信号处理器中完成的。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能 天线的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的根据主传播路径的方向来合成一 个预期获得的下行发射波束形状， 进一步包括以下步骤： 由基本数 字信号处理器对等待发射的每一路数字信号作包括信道编码、 交织、 扩频调制、 射频调制的基本处理后， 送至发射波束赋形器； 发射波 束赋形器参照来自接收波束成形器的到达方向估值对每路数字信号 进行发射天线波束赋形； 对每一发射链路， 分别在数字合路器中完 成数字合路， 形成 M路数字信号送至各对应的发信机及发射天线阵。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能 天线的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的由发射波束赋形器参照来自接收 波束成形器的到达方向估值， 对每路数字信号进行发射天线波束赋 形， 是对等待发送至每路发射天线的数据加上一个发射波束赋形所 需的幅度和相位值。
6. 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用 智能天线的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的根据主传播路径的方向来合 成一个预期获得的下行发射波束形状， 是在基站内的公用基带信号 处理器中完成的。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能 天线的方法， 其特征在于： 是由射频接收机通过模拟至数字变换和 由射频发信机通过数字至模拟变换， 再经高速数据总线与公用的基 带信号处理器进行数字信号传输的。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的在频分默工无线通信系统中使用智能 天线的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的下行射频发射的智能天线阵与上 行射频接收的智能天线阵是一组或多組。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能 天线的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的下行发射波束形状是一种尖波束。
10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智 能天线的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的下行发射波束形状的合成方法 是由发射智能天线阵的几何结构决定的。
11. 一种在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智能天线的装置， 其 特征在于： 包括由接收天线阵与发射天线阵组成的天线馈线系统、 与接收天线阵连接的射频接收机、 与发射天线阵连接的射频发信机 和公用的基带信号处理器； 射频接收机及射频发信机通过数据总线 与公用的基带信号处理器连接， 射频接收机及射频发信机共用一频 率和定时单元。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智 能天线的装置， 其特征在于： 所述的接收天线阵包括 N 只接收天线 单元， 分别通过馈电电缆与 N只射频接收机对应连接； 所述的发射 天线阵包括 M只发射天线单元， 分别通过馈电电缆与 M只射频发信 机对应连接， N、 M均为任意正整数。
13. 根据权利要求 11或 12所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中 使用智能天线的装置， 其特征在于： 所述的基带信号处理器由上行 基带信号处理器和下行基带信号处理器组成， 上行基带信号处理器 在上行波束赋形中将来波主径的到达方向估值送下行基带信号处理 器， 作为下行波束赋形的依据。
14. 才 据权利要求 13所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智 能天线的装置， 其特征在于： 所述的上行基带信号处理器包括有对 来自接收天线阵及接收机的 N路数字信号进行解调与解扩频的 N个 接收信号预处理器， 分别对来自 N 个接收信号预处理器的每一路数 字信号进行到达方向估值及对 N路数字信号进行算法合并的接收波 束成形器， 和将合并后的信号复原为接收数字信号输出的后端处理 器。
15. 根据权利要求 13所述的在频分双工无线通信系统中使用智 能天线的装置， 其特征在于： 所述的下行基带信号处理器包括对待 发射的每一路数字信号进行基本处理的基本数字信号处理器， 参照 来自接收波束成形器获得的到达方向估值对经基本数字信号处理器 输出的每路数字信号进行发射天线波束赋形的发射波束赋形器 , 和 对每一发射链路完成数字合路， 形成 M路数字信号送至 M个发信机 及 M只发射天线阵的数字合路器。
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JP2002505431A JP2004502334A (ja) 2000-06-12 2001-02-20 Ｆｄｄ無線通信システムでスマートアンテナを用いる装置及び方法
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