WO2002001547A1 - Musical instrument with free reeds - Google Patents

Musical instrument with free reeds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002001547A1
WO2002001547A1 PCT/FR2001/002076 FR0102076W WO0201547A1 WO 2002001547 A1 WO2002001547 A1 WO 2002001547A1 FR 0102076 W FR0102076 W FR 0102076W WO 0201547 A1 WO0201547 A1 WO 0201547A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
box
reed
opening
exhaust
intake
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2001/002076
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Bonnat
Original Assignee
Pierre Bonnat
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pierre Bonnat filed Critical Pierre Bonnat
Priority to DE60119738T priority Critical patent/DE60119738D1/en
Priority to AU2001270704A priority patent/AU2001270704A1/en
Priority to EP01949576A priority patent/EP1301918B1/en
Publication of WO2002001547A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002001547A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D11/00—Accordions, concertinas or the like; Keyboards therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of wind instruments, known as "free reeds", such as, for example, harmonicas and accordions. These instruments are said to have free reeds as opposed to wind instruments with a pinched reed, such as the clarinet or instruments of the saxophone family whose reed, at the origin of the sound emitted, is plucked at a mouthpiece between the musician's lips.
  • a free reed instrument generally comprises a body which encloses a box spring comprising a series of cells defining as many air circulation channels.
  • the body of the instrument also includes means for channeling, towards the cell, the air blown directly or indirectly by the musician.
  • Each reed of the instrument is arranged in relation to a cell in which is inspired or driven back a flow of air soliciting in vibration the reed which then emits a sound.
  • the same reed can be solicited only by one direction of circulation of the air flow, so that, for the same note, it is necessary to provide two reeds, one solicited by the flow of the other, solicited by the repressed or expired flow.
  • Each flow corresponds, in the case of an accordion for example, to the filling of the bellows or to the emptying of the latter.
  • Document DE 104 584 proposed a musical instrument with free reeds which are vibrated by an air flow generated by a reserve of variable capacity.
  • This instrument comprises means for channeling the air flow adapted so that the air flow circulates at each reed always in the same direction, independently of the direction of circulation of the flow.
  • These channeling means comprise an intake box open to at least one reed and connected, on the one hand, to the air reserve by an opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air by the opening from the intake box and, on the other hand, to the outside environment by an opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening from the intake box.
  • These channeling means also include an exhaust box open to at least one reed and connected, on the one hand, to the reserve by an opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air by the opening to the exhaust box and, on the other hand, to the outside environment by an opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening towards the exhaust box.
  • the instrument also includes a mechanism controlled by the musician and adapted to actuate, when opening or closing, shutters each mounted on the support of a reed, with a view to requesting or not the reeds by the air flow.
  • the object of the invention therefore aims to remedy the drawbacks stated above by proposing a musical instrument each of the reeds of which can be acted on both by a suction flow and by an expiration flow, this musical instrument offering a rapid and precise response to the various requests of the musician, with a view to obtaining a faithful reproduction of his playing, as well as a fair, regular and balanced sound of the reeds.
  • the invention relates to a musical instrument with free reeds solicited in vibration by an air flow generated by a reserve of variable capacity and capable of circulating from the reserve in two directions called, respectively, suction and expiration, the instrument comprising:
  • the channeling means comprising : - an intake box open to at least one reed and connected:
  • the instrument comprises, for at least one reed solicited by the air flow always in the same direction, an intake box and an exhaust box which are connected by a channel at the level of which the reed is arranged,
  • the non-return valves of each intake box are coupled so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa,
  • the non-return valves of each exhaust box are coupled so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa,
  • At least one shutter is mounted for, in a first position, closing at least one opening of an intake or exhaust caisson and for, in a second position, leave said opening free,
  • the instrument comprises means for preventing the circulation of air between the openings of the intake and exhaust boxes when the associated shutter is in the closed position
  • the instrument comprises means for modifying the opening and closing positions of at least some of the pairs of non-return valves of the exhaust boxes, this modification of position depending on the direction of circulation of the air flow from of the reserve.
  • the invention also relates to an accordion comprising means for channeling the air flow according to the invention and the reserve of variable capacity of which comprises a bellows.
  • the invention also relates to a harmonica comprising channeling means according to the invention and for which the reserve of variable capacity is constituted by the lungs of the user of the harmonica.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view, in longitudinal section, of an accordion implementing the known principle of solicitation of a reed both by the exhalation flow and the suction flow.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are two schematic views of a cell or engraving of a box spring equipping the accordion according to FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a view, similar to FIG. 1, showing an operating phase of the accordion.
  • Figs. 5 to 8 illustrate various operating positions of an instrument according to the invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a view of an alternative embodiment of a musical instrument according to the invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a section through a cell of a box spring according to the invention comprising means for tuning the free reed.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic section showing means for the optical conversion of the vibrations of a free reed into an electrical signal.
  • Figs. 12 to 14 show different alternative embodiments of an optoelectronic device for converting the vibration movements of a free reed into an electrical signal.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an accordion, designated as a whole by the reference 1 comprising a series of reeds, each of which alone ensures the emission of a note.
  • this is only a preferred, but not exclusive, application of the invention which is capable of being implemented for any other type of wind instrument comprising free reeds, such as, for example, example, a harmonica.
  • the accordion 1 comprises two half-bodies 2 and 3, connected in a substantially leaktight manner by a bellows 4 which defines a reserve 5, of variable capacity, depending on the relative position of the two half-bodies 2 and 3 .
  • Each half-body 2, 3 comprises at least one bed base 10 which has a series of engravings or cells which each form an air circulation channel in relation to which a free reed is arranged.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show an exemplary embodiment of a cell 11, in relation to which a free reed 12 is arranged. It clearly appears that the cell 11 forms a channel inside which the circulation of air is controlled by a valve 13 whose opening and closing is controlled by a mechanism, not shown, in relation to a keyboard operated by the user of the accordion.
  • the valve 13 is commanded to open, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the free reed 12 is capable of being vibrated only if the air flow circulates in the direction of the arrow Fi.
  • the accordion 1 comprises means 15 for channeling the air flow, adapted so that the solicitation flow circulates at each reed, always in the same direction Fi, independently of the direction of circulation of the flow from the reserve 5.
  • the accordion 1 comprises such means 15 for channeling the air flow in relation to each of the two half-bodies 2 and 3.
  • the channeling means 15 comprise a box 16, said to be intake or upstream with respect to the direction of circulation Fi of the solicitation flow at the level of at least one reed 12.
  • the box 16 is open towards the reeds of the bed base 10 to which it is preferably connected in a substantially leaktight manner.
  • the intake box 16 is connected, on the one hand, to the reserve 5 by at least one opening 17 controlled by a non-return valve 18 oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening 17 from the box d admission 16 to reserve 5.
  • the box 16 is connected by a single opening 17 to the reserve 5.
  • the intake box 16 is, on the other hand, connected by at least one opening 19 to the external environment E.
  • This opening 19 is then also controlled by a non-return valve 20, oriented to prevent any circulation of air by the opening 19 from the intake or upstream box 16 to the outside environment E.
  • the intake box 16 comprises three openings 19 for connection to the outside environment, each of these openings being controlled by a non-return valve 20.
  • a non-return valve 20 it could be envisaged to implement only one opening 19 for connection of the exhaust box to the external environment E.
  • the channeling means 15 further comprise a box 25, said to be exhaust or downstream depending on its position relative to the reed and to the direction Fi of the latter's biasing flow.
  • the exhaust box 25 is, of course, open towards the reeds 12.
  • the exhaust box 25 is, moreover, connected to the reserve 5 by at least one opening 26 controlled by a non-return valve 27 oriented to prevent any air circulation coming from the reserve 5 through the opening 26 towards the exhaust box 25.
  • the exhaust box 25 is connected to the reserve 5 by two openings 26 each controlled by a non-return valve 27.
  • the exhaust box 25 could be connected to the reserve by more than two openings 26 or, again, by a single opening 26.
  • the exhaust casing 25 is also connected, by at least one opening 28, to the external medium E.
  • This opening 28 is then controlled by a non-return valve 29 oriented to prevent any circulation of air from the medium outside by the opening 28 towards the exhaust box or downstream 25.
  • a non-return valve 29 oriented to prevent any circulation of air from the medium outside by the opening 28 towards the exhaust box or downstream 25.
  • several openings 28 could be provided, each controlled by a non-return valve 29.
  • the air passes, in the direction of the arrow Fi, then the box spring 10 to which is connected, in a substantially leaktight manner, the intake box 16.
  • the air passes through the alveoli, the valve 13 of which is open to reach the exhaust box 25 which is also substantially sealed connection to the bed base 10.
  • the air then leaves the exhaust box 25 to fill the reserve 5 passing through the openings 26, the valves 27 of which are open. It should be noted that, during this phase, the opening 28 is closed by the valve 29.
  • the channeling means 15 make it possible to ensure air circulation at the level of the bed base 10 and the reeds 12 which it carries, always in the same direction Fi, so that it is possible to solicit these reeds independently of the direction of air circulation at the level of the reserve 5.
  • the same reed can be played, both in the suction phase and in the expiration phase.
  • the means 15 for channeling the air flow comprise two boxes 16 and 25, between which is arranged at least one box spring carrying the reeds.
  • the channeling means in accordance with the invention illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, the channeling means
  • the 15 include, for at least one reed 12, an intake box 16 and an exhaust box 25 which are connected by a channel 30 at the level of which the reed 12 is disposed.
  • the intake and exhaust boxes are integral part of the box spring 10, which has the advantage of not requiring a complex air circulation circuit in the accordion as described above, so that the bed base, incorporating the intake and exhaust boxes, can be implemented on a conventional accordion.
  • the non-return valves 18, 20 of each intake box 16 are coupled together by means of a connecting rod 35, so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa.
  • the non-return valves 27, 29 of each box exhaust 25 are coupled by a connecting rod 36, so that when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa.
  • the operation of the reed 12 is controlled by a valve or a shutter 13, arranged, in the example illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, at the opening 17 of the intake box 16 oriented towards the reserve 5.
  • the shutter 13 then ensures, in the closed position, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7, the closing of the opening 17 of the intake box 16 and, in the open position, the free passage of air through the opening 17.
  • the instrument 1 comprises means for preventing the circulation of air between the openings 17, 19 of an intake box 16 and the openings 26, 28 of the exhaust box 25 associated, when the associated shutter 13 is in the closed position.
  • the opening 17 of the intake box is closed by the shutter 13, while the opening 19 of the intake box is closed by the non-return valve 20 which is locked in this position at using the shutter 13.
  • each shutter 13 is provided, in the example illustrated, with a control rod 37, in order to bring the check valve return 20 to the closed position of the opening 19.
  • the open position of the shutter 13 as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 8, the operation of the valves 18 and 20 of the intake box 16 is free.
  • the instrument 1 comprises means making it possible to modify the opening and closing positions of at least some of the pairs of non-return valves 27, 29 of the exhaust boxes.
  • the modification of the position of the non-return valves 27, 29 depends on the direction of circulation of the air flow from the reserve 5. In the example illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, these modification means are produced by the circulation of the air flow from the reserve 5. It should be noted that provision could be made for these modification means by means of mechanical connection means subject to movements causing air circulation.
  • some of the non-return valves of the exhaust boxes 25 can be connected by a mechanical connection to the bellows, to the half-body of the accordion or to the hand of the musician. It should be noted that these position modification means are independent of the shutter 13.
  • the operation of the reeds 12 conforms to the general principle described in relation to FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the associated reed 12 does not vibrate because the two openings 17, 19 of the intake box 16 are closed.
  • the pair of non-return valves 27, 29 of the exhaust box 25 is displaced according to the direction of circulation of the air flow depending on the emptying or compression phase of the reserve 5 (fig. 5) and the filling or depression phase of reserve 5 (fig. 7).
  • the open position of a shutter 13 (fig.
  • the associated reed 12 vibrates under the action of the air which passes through it, between the openings 17 and 28, in the direction of the arrow Fi for the emptying phase of the reserve 5 (fig. 6) and, between the openings 19, 26, in the direction of the arrow Fi for the filling phase of the reserve 5 (fig. 8). It should be noted that, when the shutter 13 is in the open position, the movement of the pair of non-return valves 18, 20 is free.
  • the exhaust box 25 is automatically set in the example illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, by the play of the free piston, in the "compression” or “depression” configuration, depending on the filling or emptying phase of the reserve 5, and which the shutter 13 allows, when it is placed in position open (fig. 6 and 8), simultaneously placing the intake box in the desired configuration ("depression” or “compression") and requesting the associated reed 12.
  • the object of the invention makes it possible to predetermine the direction of stress of the reed 12 by the air flow, prior to the opening of the shutter 13 by the musician. This results in comfort and playing precision for the musician, as well as an improvement in the acoustic characteristics of the instrument 1.
  • the shutter 13 is placed on the opening 17 of the box. 16 communicating with the reserve 5.
  • it can be provided to implement one or more shutters 13 mounted (s) on one and / or the other box of a pair of intake boxes and exhaust associated with a reed 12.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention for which a shutter 13 is mounted in relation to the openings 17 and 26 of the intake 16 and exhaust 25 boxes.
  • the shutter 13 thus constitutes the means for preventing the air circulation between the openings of the intake and exhaust boxes when the shutter 13 is, of course, placed in the closed position.
  • a pair of non-return valves 18, 20 of an intake box 16 is mounted integral with the pair of non-return valves 27, 29 of the exhaust box 25 associated with said intake box.
  • the connecting rods 35, 36 of the pairs of valves are connected together by a connection bar 39, offset with respect to the reed 12, so as not to disturb its vibration.
  • the coupling between the two pairs of non-return valves 18, 20 and 27, 29 is of the inverted type, that is to say when, for example, an opening 26 for communication with the reserve 5 , of the exhaust box 25 is closed, then the opening 17 for communication with the reserve 5, of the intake box 16 is open. In this position illustrated in FIG.
  • the openings 19 and 28 of the intake 16 and exhaust 25 boxes are, respectively, closed and open, taking into account the coupling of the non-return valves by the connecting rods 35, 36.
  • the closed openings become open and the open openings become closed.
  • the position of the non-return valves is modified, not by the circulation of air flow, but by means of mechanical means subject to the movements causing the circulation of air as already explained.
  • these non-return valves can be connected by a mechanical connection to the bellows, to the half-body of the accordion or to the hand of the musician, so that their movements are not simply dependent on air.
  • the non-return valves of the exhaust and intake boxes are positioned correctly, so that, as soon as the shutter 13 is opened, the corresponding reed can vibrate.
  • each non-return valve is represented by a rigid element moving in its plane and thus forming a valve.
  • each non-return valve can be produced by a rigid articulated element forming a valve. It can also be envisaged to produce the non-return valves by flexible elements.
  • the object of the invention makes it possible, very advantageously, to reduce, to registers and / or equivalent octave numbers, the number of reeds necessary to play, both , during the suction and expiration phases of the air flow from the reserve 5.
  • This reduction in weight and size can then be used to, for example, equipping box springs with a tuning device 40 for each of the reeds.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates an example of such a tuning device 40 which comprises, at the fixed end 41 of the reed 12, a jaw 42 which clamps the reed 12.
  • the tuning device further comprises, opposite to the jaw of the free end 43 of the reed 12, a system of two rollers 44, 45 between which the tail or the fixed end of the reed 12 is pinched.
  • These rollers 44, 45 are integral with two pinions which mesh with one another.
  • One of the pinions cooperates with an endless screw 46, so that the rotation of the screw makes it possible to adjust the extension or the vibrating length of the reed relative to the jaw or to the rollers.
  • This device then makes it possible to tune, in a reversible manner, the note emitted by the reed during its solicitation.
  • the reduction in the number of reeds of an accordion according to the invention also makes it possible to envisage implementing devices making it possible to convert the movements of each reed into an electrical signal.
  • the movements of the reed are transformed into an electrical signal by means of an optical system which involves at least one emitter of a light ray or at least one light source 51 oriented towards the free end 43 of the reed 12 and at least one receiver 52 arranged to receive the light 53 emitted by the transmitter and reflected on the free end 43 of the reed 12.
  • the light source 51 is placed towards the fixed end 41 of the reed 12, while the receiver 52 is placed towards the free end 43 of the reed. This provision makes it possible to obtain, during the vibration of the reed, a displacement of the reflected light signal 53 R on either side of the position of this signal when the reed does not vibrate.
  • the source 51 can be of any suitable nature, such as a light emitting diode emitting infrared or visible light.
  • the light source 51 can also be constituted by a light guide connected to a centralized light source.
  • the receiver 52 can also be produced in any suitable manner, such as, for example, by one or more photodiodes or photoresistors.
  • the receiver 52 and the transmitter 51 are connected to means 54 which control the source 51 and process the information received from the receiver 52, so as to deliver an image signal of the vibrations of the reed.
  • the processing means 54 can also be connected to an electronic system 55 for amplifying or processing the sounds emitted by the instrument.
  • the receiver 52 In order to be able to take account of the amplitude of the displacement of the reflected light ray 53 R , the receiver 52 consists of several sensors 56 substantially aligned and coplanar.
  • the sensors 56 constituting the receiver 52 could be placed differently.
  • fig. 12 shows an exemplary embodiment of the optical device 50 for which the sensors 56, constituting the receiver 52, are arranged in line, according to a curve which takes account of the place of reflection of the light signal 53 R coming from the transmitter 51, in depending on the position of the free end 43 of the reed 12.
  • This alternative embodiment has the following advantages: to respect the physical and acoustic constraints of production of the boxes, in particular in terms of internal dimensions and choice of materials, do not lose the reflection signal over the entire stroke of the reed 12, thus avoiding the need for computer modeling at the processing means 54.
  • Fig. 13 shows an exemplary embodiment for which the optical system 57 is a concave mirror
  • FIG. 14 shows another exemplary embodiment for which the optical system 57 is a converging lens.
  • a reed 12 producing a single note is associated with an intake box 16 and an exhaust box 25.

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Abstract

The invention concerns a musical instrument with free reeds comprising, for each reed (12), an intake box (16) and a delivery box (25) connected by a passage (30) whereat the reed (12) is arranged, the check valves (18, 20) of each intake box (16) are coupled so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and inversely, and the check valves (27, 29) of each delivery box (25) are coupled so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed and inversely. Further, for each of the intake (16) and delivery (25) boxes associated with a reed (12), at least a closure element (13) is mounted, in a first position, to close at least an opening (17, 19, 26.28) of an intake (16) or exhaust (25) box.

Description

INSTRUMENT DE MUSIQUE A ANCHES LIBRES FREE REED MUSIC INSTRUMENT
La présente invention concerne le domaine technique des instruments à vent, dits à "anche libre", tels que, par exemple, les harmonicas et les accordéons. Ces instruments sont dits à anches libres par opposition aux instruments à vent à anche pincée, tels que la clarinette ou les instruments de la famille des saxophones dont l'anche, à l'origine du son émis, se trouve pincée au niveau d'une embouchure entre les lèvres du musicien.The present invention relates to the technical field of wind instruments, known as "free reeds", such as, for example, harmonicas and accordions. These instruments are said to have free reeds as opposed to wind instruments with a pinched reed, such as the clarinet or instruments of the saxophone family whose reed, at the origin of the sound emitted, is plucked at a mouthpiece between the musician's lips.
Un instrument à anche libre comprend, généralement, un corps qui renferme un sommier comportant une série d'alvéoles définissant autant de canaux de circulation de l'air. Le corps de l'instrument comprend, également, des moyens pour canaliser, en direction de l'alvéole, l'air insufflé directement ou indirectement par le musicien. Chaque anche de l'instrument est disposée en relation avec une alvéole dans laquelle est inspiré ou refoulé un flux d'air sollicitant en vibration l'anche qui émet alors un son.A free reed instrument generally comprises a body which encloses a box spring comprising a series of cells defining as many air circulation channels. The body of the instrument also includes means for channeling, towards the cell, the air blown directly or indirectly by the musician. Each reed of the instrument is arranged in relation to a cell in which is inspired or driven back a flow of air soliciting in vibration the reed which then emits a sound.
De manière générale, une même anche ne peut être sollicitée que par un seul sens de circulation du flux d'air, de sorte que, pour une même note, il est nécessaire de prévoir deux anches, l'une sollicitée par le flux d'aspiration, l'autre sollicitée par le flux refoulé ou d'expiration. Chaque flux correspond, dans le cas d'un accordéon par exemple, au remplissage du soufflet ou au vidage de ce dernier.In general, the same reed can be solicited only by one direction of circulation of the air flow, so that, for the same note, it is necessary to provide two reeds, one solicited by the flow of the other, solicited by the repressed or expired flow. Each flow corresponds, in the case of an accordion for example, to the filling of the bellows or to the emptying of the latter.
La nécessité de mettre en œuvre deux anches distinctes pour une même note, afin de pouvoir émettre cette dernière à tout moment, impose de disposer, pour un même instrument, de deux fois plus d'anches que de notes susceptibles d'être jouées. Il en résulte donc l'obtention d'un instrument présentant un poids relativement élevé. Par ailleurs, la mise en œuvre de deux anches pour l'émission d'une même note peut s'avérer un inconvénient musical, dans la mesure où il est très difficile d'obtenir un accordage rigoureusement identique pour les deux anches, de sorte que le mélomane ou le musicien est susceptible de déceler une différence entre la note émise pendant l'aspiration et celle émise pendant l'expiration. II apparaît donc le besoin de pouvoir disposer de moyens qui permettent de réduire le poids de l'instrument en réduisant le nombre d'anches nécessaires à la réalisation de celui-ci, ainsi que l'utilisation d'une seule anche pour l'émission d'une note, cette anche pouvant être sollicitée, tant par le flux d'aspiration que par le flux d'expiration.The need to implement two separate reeds for the same note, in order to be able to emit the latter at any time, requires having, for the same instrument, twice as many reeds as notes likely to be played. This therefore results in obtaining an instrument having a relatively high weight. In addition, the implementation of two reeds for the emission of the same note can prove to be a musical drawback, insofar as it is very difficult to obtain a rigorously identical tuning for the two reeds, so that the music lover or the musician is likely to detect a difference between the note emitted during aspiration and that emitted during expiration. It therefore appears the need to be able to have means which make it possible to reduce the weight of the instrument by reducing the number of reeds necessary for the realization thereof, as well as the use of a single reed for the emission. a note, this reed can be requested, both by the suction flow and by the expiration flow.
Le document DE 104 584 a proposé un instrument de musique à anches libres sollicitées en vibration par un flux d'air engendré par une réserve de capacité variable. Cet instrument comporte des moyens de canalisation du flux d'air adaptés pour que le flux d'air circule au niveau de chaque anche toujours dans le même sens, indépendamment du sens de circulation du flux. Ces moyens de canalisation comprennent un caisson d'admission ouvert vers au moins une anche et raccordé, d'une part, à la réserve d'air par une ouverture commandée par un clapet anti-retour orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture à partir du caisson d'admission et, d'autre part, au milieu extérieur par une ouverture commandée par un clapet anti-retour orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture à partir du caisson d'admission. Ces moyens de canalisation comprennent, également, un caisson d'échappement ouvert vers au moins une anche et raccordé, d'une part, à la réserve par une ouverture commandée par un clapet anti-retour orientée pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture vers le caisson d'échappement et, d'autre part, au milieu extérieur par une ouverture commandée par un clapet antiretour orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture vers le caisson d'échappement. L'instrument comporte, également, un mécanisme commandé par le musicien et adapté pour actionner, en ouverture ou fermeture, des obturateurs montés chacun sur le support d'une anche, en vue de solliciter ou non les anches par le flux d'air.Document DE 104 584 proposed a musical instrument with free reeds which are vibrated by an air flow generated by a reserve of variable capacity. This instrument comprises means for channeling the air flow adapted so that the air flow circulates at each reed always in the same direction, independently of the direction of circulation of the flow. These channeling means comprise an intake box open to at least one reed and connected, on the one hand, to the air reserve by an opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air by the opening from the intake box and, on the other hand, to the outside environment by an opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening from the intake box. These channeling means also include an exhaust box open to at least one reed and connected, on the one hand, to the reserve by an opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air by the opening to the exhaust box and, on the other hand, to the outside environment by an opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening towards the exhaust box. The instrument also includes a mechanism controlled by the musician and adapted to actuate, when opening or closing, shutters each mounted on the support of a reed, with a view to requesting or not the reeds by the air flow.
Si un tel instrument de musique apporte une solution technique au problème posé, cet instrument de musique ne donne pas satisfaction en pratique. En effet, il est à noter que le clapet d'admission a toujours tendance à s'ouvrir et se fermer plus rapidement et plus précisément que le clapet d'échappement qui a tendance à réagir au flux d'air avec un certain retard, d'autant plus préjudiciable à l'expression du musicien que ses sollicitations contraires (aspiration ou expiration de l'air) sont rapides. Par ailleurs, dans un tel instrument de musique, l'anche est d'abord sollicitée et ensuite seulement le clapet d'échappement est ouvert avec les risques de retard à l'ouverture qu'il présente, ce qui nuit, manifestement, au jeu du musicien. L'objet de l'invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients énoncés ci- dessus en proposant un instrument de musique dont chacune des anches peut être sollicitée aussi bien par un flux d'aspiration que par un flux d'expiration, cet instrument de musique off ant une réponse rapide et précise aux diverses sollicitations du musicien, en vue d'obtenir une reproduction fidèle de son jeu, ainsi qu'une sonorité juste, régulière et équilibrée des anches.If such a musical instrument provides a technical solution to the problem posed, this musical instrument is not satisfactory in practice. Indeed, it should be noted that the intake valve always tends to open and close faster and more precisely than the exhaust valve which tends to react to the air flow with a certain delay, d 'all the more prejudicial to the expression of the musician as his contrary solicitations (aspiration or expiration of the air) are rapid. Furthermore, in such a musical instrument, the reed is first requested and only then the exhaust valve is opened with the risks of delay in opening it presents, which obviously affects the game of the musician. The object of the invention therefore aims to remedy the drawbacks stated above by proposing a musical instrument each of the reeds of which can be acted on both by a suction flow and by an expiration flow, this musical instrument offering a rapid and precise response to the various requests of the musician, with a view to obtaining a faithful reproduction of his playing, as well as a fair, regular and balanced sound of the reeds.
Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, l'invention vise un instrument de musique à anches libres sollicitées en vibration par un flux d'air engendré par une réserve de capacité variable et susceptible de circuler à partir de la réserve dans deux sens dits, respectivement, d'aspiration et d'expiration, l'instrument comportant :In order to achieve this objective, the invention relates to a musical instrument with free reeds solicited in vibration by an air flow generated by a reserve of variable capacity and capable of circulating from the reserve in two directions called, respectively, suction and expiration, the instrument comprising:
• des moyens de canalisation du flux d'air adaptés pour que le flux de sollicitation circule au niveau de chaque anche toujours dans le même sens, indépendamment du sens de circulation du flux à partir de la réserve (5), les moyens de canalisation comprenant : - un caisson d'admission ouvert vers au moins une anche et raccordé :• means for channeling the air flow adapted so that the stress flow circulates at each reed always in the same direction, independently of the direction of flow of the flow from the reserve (5), the channeling means comprising : - an intake box open to at least one reed and connected:
* d'une part, à la réserve par au moins une ouverture commandée par un clapet anti-retour orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture à partir du caisson d'admission,* on the one hand, to the reserve by at least one opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening from the intake box,
* et, d'autre part, au milieu extérieur par au moins une ouverture commandée par un clapet anti-retour orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture à partir du caisson d'admission, - un caisson d'échappement ouvert vers au moins une anche et raccordé :* and, on the other hand, to the outside environment by at least one opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening from the intake box, - an open exhaust box to at least one reed and connected:
* d'une part à la réserve par au moins une ouverture commandée par un clapet anti-retour orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture par le caisson d'échappement.* on the one hand to the reserve by at least one opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening by the exhaust box.
* et, d'autre part, au milieu extérieur par au moins une ouverture commandée par un clapet anti-retour orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture vers le caisson d'échappement,* and, on the other hand, to the outside environment by at least one opening controlled by a non-return valve oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening towards the exhaust box,
• et un mécanisme d'actionnement d'obturateurs dont l'ouverture et la fermeture permet la sollicitation ou non des anches par le flux d'air• and a shutter actuation mechanism whose opening and closing allows the reeds to be acted upon or not by the air flow
Selon l'invention : • l'instrument comprend, pour au moins une anche sollicitée par le flux d'air toujours dans le même sens, un caisson d'admission et un caisson d'échappement qui sont raccordés par un canal au niveau duquel l'anche est disposée, • les clapets anti-retour de chaque caisson d'admission sont couplés de manière que, lorsque l'un des clapets est ouvert, l'autre clapet est fermé, et inversement,According to the invention: The instrument comprises, for at least one reed solicited by the air flow always in the same direction, an intake box and an exhaust box which are connected by a channel at the level of which the reed is arranged, The non-return valves of each intake box are coupled so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa,
• les clapets anti-retour de chaque caisson d'échappement sont couplés de manière que, lorsque l'un des clapets est ouvert, l'autre clapet est fermé, et inversement,The non-return valves of each exhaust box are coupled so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa,
• pour chacun des caissons d'admission ou d'échappement associés à au moins anche, au moins un obturateur est monté pour, dans une première position, fermer au moins une ouverture d'un caisson d'admission ou d'échappement et pour, dans une deuxième position, laisser libre ladite ouverture,For each of the intake or exhaust caissons associated with at least one reed, at least one shutter is mounted for, in a first position, closing at least one opening of an intake or exhaust caisson and for, in a second position, leave said opening free,
• l'instrument comprend des moyens pour interdire la circulation de l'air entre les ouvertures des caissons d'admission et d'échappement lorsque l'obturateur associé est en position de fermeture,The instrument comprises means for preventing the circulation of air between the openings of the intake and exhaust boxes when the associated shutter is in the closed position,
• et l'instrument comprend des moyens de modification des positions d'ouverture et de fermeture d'au moins certains des couples de clapets antiretour des caissons d'échappement, cette modification de position dépendant du sens de circulation du flux d'air à partir de la réserve.• and the instrument comprises means for modifying the opening and closing positions of at least some of the pairs of non-return valves of the exhaust boxes, this modification of position depending on the direction of circulation of the air flow from of the reserve.
L'invention vise, également, un accordéon comprenant des moyens de canalisation du flux d'air selon l'invention et dont la réserve de capacité variable comprend un soufflet.The invention also relates to an accordion comprising means for channeling the air flow according to the invention and the reserve of variable capacity of which comprises a bellows.
L'invention concerne également un harmonica comprenant des moyens de canalisation selon l'invention et pour lequel la réserve de capacité variable est constituée par les poumons de l'utilisateur de l'harmonica.The invention also relates to a harmonica comprising channeling means according to the invention and for which the reserve of variable capacity is constituted by the lungs of the user of the harmonica.
Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation de l'objet de l'invention. La fig. 1 est une vue schématique, en coupe longitudinale, d'un accordéon mettant en œuvre le principe connu de sollicitation d'une anche tant par le flux d'expiration que le flux d'aspiration.Various other characteristics will emerge from the description given below in the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention. Fig. 1 is a schematic view, in longitudinal section, of an accordion implementing the known principle of solicitation of a reed both by the exhalation flow and the suction flow.
Les fig. 2 et 3 sont deux vues schématiques d'un alvéole ou gravure d'un sommier équipant l'accordéon selon la fig. 1.Figs. 2 and 3 are two schematic views of a cell or engraving of a box spring equipping the accordion according to FIG. 1.
La fig. 4 est une vue, analogue à la fig. 1, montrant une phase de fonctionnement de l'accordéon.Fig. 4 is a view, similar to FIG. 1, showing an operating phase of the accordion.
Les fig. 5 à 8 illustrent diverses positions de fonctionnement d'un instrument conforme à l'invention. La fig. 9 est une vue d'une variante de réalisation d'un instrument de musique conforme à l'invention.Figs. 5 to 8 illustrate various operating positions of an instrument according to the invention. Fig. 9 is a view of an alternative embodiment of a musical instrument according to the invention.
La fig. 10 est une coupe d'un alvéole d'un sommier conforme à l'invention comportant des moyens d'accordage de l'anche libre.Fig. 10 is a section through a cell of a box spring according to the invention comprising means for tuning the free reed.
La fig. 11 est une coupe schématique montrant des moyens de conversion optique des vibrations d'une anche libre en un signal électrique.Fig. 11 is a schematic section showing means for the optical conversion of the vibrations of a free reed into an electrical signal.
Les fig. 12 à 14 montrent différentes variantes de réalisation d'un dispositif optoélectronique de conversion en un signal électrique des mouvements de vibration d'une anche libre.Figs. 12 to 14 show different alternative embodiments of an optoelectronic device for converting the vibration movements of a free reed into an electrical signal.
La fig. 1 illustre un accordéon, désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 1 comportant une série des anches dont chacune assure, à elle seule, l'émission d'une note. Toutefois, il ne s'agit ici que d'une application préférée, mais non exclusive, de l'invention qui est susceptible d'être mise en œuvre pour tout autre type d'instrument à vent comportant des anches libres, tel que, par exemple, un harmonica.Fig. 1 illustrates an accordion, designated as a whole by the reference 1 comprising a series of reeds, each of which alone ensures the emission of a note. However, this is only a preferred, but not exclusive, application of the invention which is capable of being implemented for any other type of wind instrument comprising free reeds, such as, for example, example, a harmonica.
De manière traditionnelle, l'accordéon 1 comprend deux demi-corps 2 et 3, reliés de manière sensiblement étanche par un soufflet 4 qui définit une réserve 5, de capacité variable, en fonction de la position relative des deux demi-corps 2 et 3.Traditionally, the accordion 1 comprises two half-bodies 2 and 3, connected in a substantially leaktight manner by a bellows 4 which defines a reserve 5, of variable capacity, depending on the relative position of the two half-bodies 2 and 3 .
Chaque demi-corps 2, 3 comprend au moins un sommier 10 qui présente une série de gravures ou d'alvéoles qui forment chacune un canal de circulation d'air en relation avec lequel est disposée une anche libre. Les fig. 2 et 3 montrent un exemple de réalisation d'une alvéole 11, en relation avec laquelle est disposée une anche libre 12 . Il apparaît clairement que l'alvéole 11 forme un canal à l'intérieur duquel la circulation d'air est commandée par une vanne 13 dont l'ouverture et la fermeture est contrôlée par un mécanisme, non représenté, en relation avec un clavier actionné par l'utilisateur de l'accordéon. Lorsque la vanne 13 est commandée en ouverture, comme illustré à la fig.3, l'anche libre 12 est susceptible d'être mise en vibration uniquement si le flux d'air circule dans le sens de la flèche Fi. Afin qu'une même anche 12 puisse être sollicitée par des flux d'aspiration ou d'expiration correspondant à des phases de remplissage ou de vidage du soufflet 4, l'accordéon 1 comprend des moyens 15 de canalisation du flux d'air, adaptés pour que le flux de sollicitation circule au niveau de chaque anche, toujours dans le même sens Fi, indépendamment du sens de circulation du flux à partir de la réserve 5. Dans l'exemple illustré aux fig. 1 à 4, permettant de comprendre le fonctionnement de l'accordéon du type mono-anche, l'accordéon 1 comprend de tels moyens 15 de canalisation du flux d'air en relation avec chacun des deux demi-corps 2 et 3.Each half-body 2, 3 comprises at least one bed base 10 which has a series of engravings or cells which each form an air circulation channel in relation to which a free reed is arranged. Figs. 2 and 3 show an exemplary embodiment of a cell 11, in relation to which a free reed 12 is arranged. It clearly appears that the cell 11 forms a channel inside which the circulation of air is controlled by a valve 13 whose opening and closing is controlled by a mechanism, not shown, in relation to a keyboard operated by the user of the accordion. When the valve 13 is commanded to open, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the free reed 12 is capable of being vibrated only if the air flow circulates in the direction of the arrow Fi. So that the same reed 12 can be requested by suction or expiration flows corresponding to the filling or emptying phases of the bellows 4, the accordion 1 comprises means 15 for channeling the air flow, adapted so that the solicitation flow circulates at each reed, always in the same direction Fi, independently of the direction of circulation of the flow from the reserve 5. In the example illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, making it possible to understand the operation of the accordion of the mono-reed type, the accordion 1 comprises such means 15 for channeling the air flow in relation to each of the two half-bodies 2 and 3.
Les moyens de canalisation 15 comprennent un caisson 16, dit d'admission ou amont par rapport au sens de circulation Fi du flux de sollicitation au niveau d'au moins une anche 12. Le caisson 16 est ouvert vers les anches du sommier 10 auquel il est, de préférence, raccordé de manière sensiblement étanche. Le caisson d'admission 16 est raccordé, d'une part, à la réserve 5 par au moins une ouverture 17 commandée par un clapet anti-retour 18 orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture 17 à partir du caisson d'admission 16 vers la réserve 5.The channeling means 15 comprise a box 16, said to be intake or upstream with respect to the direction of circulation Fi of the solicitation flow at the level of at least one reed 12. The box 16 is open towards the reeds of the bed base 10 to which it is preferably connected in a substantially leaktight manner. The intake box 16 is connected, on the one hand, to the reserve 5 by at least one opening 17 controlled by a non-return valve 18 oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening 17 from the box d admission 16 to reserve 5.
Selon l'exemple illustré, le caisson 16 est raccordé par une seule ouverture 17 à la réserve 5. Toutefois, il pourrait être envisagé de mettre en œuvre plusieurs ouvertures 17 de raccordement à la réserve 5.According to the example illustrated, the box 16 is connected by a single opening 17 to the reserve 5. However, it could be envisaged to implement several openings 17 for connection to the reserve 5.
Le caisson d'admission 16 est, d'autre part, raccordé par au moins une ouverture 19 au milieu extérieur E. Cette ouverture 19 est alors également commandée par un clapet anti-retour 20, orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture 19 à partir du caisson d'admission ou amont 16 vers le milieu extérieur E.The intake box 16 is, on the other hand, connected by at least one opening 19 to the external environment E. This opening 19 is then also controlled by a non-return valve 20, oriented to prevent any circulation of air by the opening 19 from the intake or upstream box 16 to the outside environment E.
Il est à noter que, selon l'exemple illustré, le caisson d'admission 16 comprend trois ouvertures 19 de raccordement au milieu extérieur, chacune de ces ouvertures étant commandée par un clapet anti-retour 20. Bien entendu, il pourrait être envisagé de ne mettre en œuvre qu'une seule ouverture 19 de raccordement du caisson d'échappement au milieu extérieur E.It should be noted that, according to the example illustrated, the intake box 16 comprises three openings 19 for connection to the outside environment, each of these openings being controlled by a non-return valve 20. Of course, it could be envisaged to implement only one opening 19 for connection of the exhaust box to the external environment E.
Les moyens 15 de canalisation comprennent, en outre, un caisson 25, dit d'échappement ou aval en fonction de sa position par rapport à l'anche et au sens Fi du flux de sollicitation de cette dernière.The channeling means 15 further comprise a box 25, said to be exhaust or downstream depending on its position relative to the reed and to the direction Fi of the latter's biasing flow.
Le caisson d'échappement 25 est, bien entendu, ouvert vers les anches 12. Le caisson d'échappement 25 est, par ailleurs, raccordé à la réserve 5 par au moins une ouverture 26 commandée par un clapet anti-retour 27 orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air en provenance de la réserve 5 par l'ouverture 26 vers le caisson d'échappement 25. Selon l'exemple illustré, le caisson d'échappement 25 est raccordé à la réserve 5 par deux ouvertures 26 chacune commandée par un clapet anti-retour 27. Bien entendu, le caisson d'échappement 25 pourrait être raccordé à la réserve par plus de deux ouvertures 26 ou, encore, par une unique ouverture 26.The exhaust box 25 is, of course, open towards the reeds 12. The exhaust box 25 is, moreover, connected to the reserve 5 by at least one opening 26 controlled by a non-return valve 27 oriented to prevent any air circulation coming from the reserve 5 through the opening 26 towards the exhaust box 25. According to the example illustrated, the exhaust box 25 is connected to the reserve 5 by two openings 26 each controlled by a non-return valve 27. Of course, the exhaust box 25 could be connected to the reserve by more than two openings 26 or, again, by a single opening 26.
Le caisson d'échappement 25 est, en outre, raccordé, par au moins une ouverture 28, au milieu extérieur E. Cette ouverture 28 est alors commandée par un clapet anti-retour 29 orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air en provenance du milieu extérieur par l'ouverture 28 vers le caisson d'échappement ou aval 25. Selon l'exemple illustré, il n'y a qu'une seule ouverture 28 de communication entre le caisson d'échappement et le milieu extérieur E. Bien entendu, il pourrait être prévu plusieurs ouvertures 28, chacune commandée par un clapet anti-retour 29.The exhaust casing 25 is also connected, by at least one opening 28, to the external medium E. This opening 28 is then controlled by a non-return valve 29 oriented to prevent any circulation of air from the medium outside by the opening 28 towards the exhaust box or downstream 25. According to the example illustrated, there is only one opening 28 for communication between the exhaust box and the outside environment E. Of course, several openings 28 could be provided, each controlled by a non-return valve 29.
L'accordéon ainsi constitué fonctionne de la manière suivante.The accordion thus formed works in the following manner.
En phase de remplissage de la réserve 5, dite également d'aspiration, lorsque les deux demi-corps sont sollicités de manière à s'éloigner dans le sens des flèchesIn the filling phase of the reserve 5, also called suction, when the two half-bodies are biased so as to move away in the direction of the arrows
Fs, l'air en provenance du milieu extérieur E s'engage, comme illustré par la flèche Fβ, dans le caisson d'admission 16 par les ouvertures 19, les clapets 20 étant ouverts, tandis que l'ouverture 17 est obturée par le clapet 18.Fs, the air coming from the external medium E engages, as illustrated by the arrow Fβ, in the intake box 16 through the openings 19, the valves 20 being open, while the opening 17 is closed by the valve 18.
L'air traverse, dans le sens de la flèche Fi, alors le sommier 10 auquel est raccordé, de façon sensiblement étanche, le caisson d'admission 16. L'air passe au niveau des alvéoles dont la soupape 13 est ouverte pour rejoindre le caisson d'échappement 25 qui est également raccordé, de façon sensiblement étanche, au sommier 10. L'air quitte ensuite le caisson d'échappement 25 pour remplir la réserve 5 en passant par les ouvertures 26 dont les clapets 27 sont ouverts. Il est à noter que, pendant cette phase, l'ouverture 28 est obturée par le clapet 29.The air passes, in the direction of the arrow Fi, then the box spring 10 to which is connected, in a substantially leaktight manner, the intake box 16. The air passes through the alveoli, the valve 13 of which is open to reach the exhaust box 25 which is also substantially sealed connection to the bed base 10. The air then leaves the exhaust box 25 to fill the reserve 5 passing through the openings 26, the valves 27 of which are open. It should be noted that, during this phase, the opening 28 is closed by the valve 29.
En phase de vidage, lorsque les demi-corps 2 et 3 sont sollicités dans le sens des flèches F , en vue de les rapprocher, comme le montre la fig. 4, le flux d'air Fg passe de la réserve 5 au caisson d'admission 16 par l'ouverture 17 dont le clapet 18 est ouvert, tandis que les ouvertures 19 sont obturées par leur clapet 20.In the emptying phase, when the half-bodies 2 and 3 are urged in the direction of the arrows F, with a view to bringing them together, as shown in FIG. 4, the air flow Fg passes from the reserve 5 to the intake box 16 through the opening 17, the valve 18 of which is open, while the openings 19 are closed by their valve 20.
A partir du caisson d'admission 16, le flux d'air passe au travers du sommierFrom the intake box 16, the air flow passes through the bed base
10, dans le sens de la flèche Fi, pour rejoindre le caisson d'échappement 25. L'air quitte ensuite le caisson d'échappement 25 par l'ouverture 28 dans le sens de la flèche Fg. Le clapet 29 est alors ouvert, tandis que les clapets 27 des ouvertures 26 sont fermés.10, in the direction of the arrow Fi, to join the exhaust box 25. The air then leaves the exhaust box 25 through the opening 28 in the direction of the arrow Fg. The valve 29 is then opened, while the valves 27 of the openings 26 are closed.
Il apparaît donc que les moyens de canalisation 15 permettent d'assurer une circulation de l'air au niveau du sommier 10 et des anches 12 qu'il porte, toujours dans le même sens Fi, de sorte qu'il est possible de solliciter ces anches indépendamment du sens de circulation de l'air au niveau de la réserve 5. Ainsi, une même anche peut être jouée, tant en phase d'aspiration qu'en phase d'expiration.It therefore appears that the channeling means 15 make it possible to ensure air circulation at the level of the bed base 10 and the reeds 12 which it carries, always in the same direction Fi, so that it is possible to solicit these reeds independently of the direction of air circulation at the level of the reserve 5. Thus, the same reed can be played, both in the suction phase and in the expiration phase.
Selon l'exemple illustré précédemment, les moyens 15 de canalisation du flux d'air comprennent deux caissons 16 et 25, entre lesquels est disposé au moins un sommier portant les anches. Conformément à l'invention illustrée aux fig. 5 à 8, les moyens de canalisationAccording to the example illustrated above, the means 15 for channeling the air flow comprise two boxes 16 and 25, between which is arranged at least one box spring carrying the reeds. In accordance with the invention illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, the channeling means
15 comprennent, pour au moins une anche 12, un caisson d'admission 16 et un caisson d'échappement 25 qui sont raccordés par un canal 30 au niveau duquel est disposée l'anche 12. Les caissons d'admission et d'échappement sont partie intégrante du sommier 10, ce qui présente l'avantage de ne pas nécessiter un circuit complexe de circulation de l'air dans l'accordéon comme décrit précédemment, de sorte que le sommier, intégrant les caissons d'admission et d'échappement, peut être mis en œuvre sur un accordéon de facture classique.15 include, for at least one reed 12, an intake box 16 and an exhaust box 25 which are connected by a channel 30 at the level of which the reed 12 is disposed. The intake and exhaust boxes are integral part of the box spring 10, which has the advantage of not requiring a complex air circulation circuit in the accordion as described above, so that the bed base, incorporating the intake and exhaust boxes, can be implemented on a conventional accordion.
Conformément à l'invention, les clapets anti-retour 18, 20 de chaque caisson d'admission 16 sont couplés entre eux par l'intermédiaire d'une tige de liaison 35, de manière que, lorsque l'un des clapets est ouvert, l'autre clapet est fermé, et inversement. De même, les clapets anti-retour 27, 29 de chaque caisson d'échappement 25 sont couplés par une tige de liaison 36, de manière que lorsque l'un des clapets est ouvert, l'autre clapet est fermé, et inversement.In accordance with the invention, the non-return valves 18, 20 of each intake box 16 are coupled together by means of a connecting rod 35, so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa. Likewise, the non-return valves 27, 29 of each box exhaust 25 are coupled by a connecting rod 36, so that when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa.
Conformément à l'invention, le fonctionnement de l'anche 12 est piloté par une vanne ou un obturateur 13, disposé, dans l'exemple illustré aux fig. 5 à 8, au niveau de l'ouverture 17 du caisson d'admission 16 orientée vers la réserve 5. L'obturateur 13 assure alors, en position fermée, telle qu'illustrée aux fig. 5 et 7, la fermeture de l'ouverture 17 du caisson d'admission 16 et, en position ouverte, le libre passage de l'air par l'ouverture 17.According to the invention, the operation of the reed 12 is controlled by a valve or a shutter 13, arranged, in the example illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, at the opening 17 of the intake box 16 oriented towards the reserve 5. The shutter 13 then ensures, in the closed position, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7, the closing of the opening 17 of the intake box 16 and, in the open position, the free passage of air through the opening 17.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'instrument 1 comprend des moyens pour interdire la circulation de l'air entre les ouvertures 17, 19 d'un caisson d'admission 16 et les ouvertures 26, 28 du caisson d'échappement 25 associé, lorsque l'obturateur 13 associé est en position de fermeture. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'ouverture 17 du caisson d'admission est obturée par l'obturateur 13, tandis que l'ouverture 19 du caisson d'admission est obturée par le clapet anti-retour 20 qui est bloqué dans cette position à l'aide de l'obturateur 13. Pour permettre le blocage du couple de clapets 18, 20, chaque obturateur 13 est muni, dans l'exemple illustré, d'une tige de commande 37, en vue d'amener le clapet anti-retour 20 en position de fermeture de l'ouverture 19. En revanche, en position d'ouverture de l'obturateur 13, telle qu'illustrée aux fig. 6 et 8, le fonctionnement des clapets 18 et 20 du caisson d'admission 16 est libre.According to another characteristic of the invention, the instrument 1 comprises means for preventing the circulation of air between the openings 17, 19 of an intake box 16 and the openings 26, 28 of the exhaust box 25 associated, when the associated shutter 13 is in the closed position. In the example illustrated, the opening 17 of the intake box is closed by the shutter 13, while the opening 19 of the intake box is closed by the non-return valve 20 which is locked in this position at using the shutter 13. To allow the blocking of the pair of valves 18, 20, each shutter 13 is provided, in the example illustrated, with a control rod 37, in order to bring the check valve return 20 to the closed position of the opening 19. On the other hand, in the open position of the shutter 13, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 8, the operation of the valves 18 and 20 of the intake box 16 is free.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'instrument 1 comprend des moyens permettant de modifier les positions d'ouverture et de fermeture d'au moins certains des couples de clapets anti-retour 27, 29 des caissons d'échappement. La modification de position des clapets anti-retour 27, 29 dépend du sens de circulation du flux d'air à partir de la réserve 5. Dans l'exemple illustré aux fig. 5 à 8, ces moyens de modification sont réalisés par la circulation du flux d'air à partir de la réserve 5. Il est à noter qu'il pourrait être prévu de réaliser ces moyens de modification par l'intermédiaire de moyens mécaniques de liaison assujettis aux mouvements engendrant la circulation de l'air. Par exemple, certains des clapets anti- retour des caissons d'échappement 25 peuvent être reliés par une liaison mécanique au soufflet, au demi-corps de l'accordéon ou à la main du musicien. Il est à noter que ces moyens de modification de position sont indépendants de l'obturateur 13. Le fonctionnement des anches 12 est conforme au principe général décrit en relation des fig. 1 à 4. Ainsi, en position de fermeture d'un obturateur 13 (fig. 5, 7), l'anche 12 associée ne vibre pas car les deux ouvertures 17, 19 du caisson d'admission 16 sont fermées. Le couple de clapets anti-retour 27, 29 du caisson d'échappement 25 est déplacé en fonction du sens de circulation du flux d'air dépendant de la phase de vidage ou de compression de la réserve 5 (fig. 5) et de la phase de remplissage ou de dépression de la réserve 5 (fig. 7). De même, en position d'ouverture d'un obturateur 13 (fig. 6 et 8), l'anche 12 associée vibre sous l'action de l'air qui la traverse, entre les ouvertures 17 et 28, dans le sens de la flèche Fi pour la phase de vidage de la réserve 5 (fig. 6) et, entre les ouvertures 19, 26, dans le sens de la flèche Fi pour la phase de remplissage de la réserve 5 (fig. 8). Il convient de noter que, lorsque l'obturateur 13 est en position ouverte, le mouvement de la paire de clapets anti-retour 18, 20 est libre.According to another characteristic of the invention, the instrument 1 comprises means making it possible to modify the opening and closing positions of at least some of the pairs of non-return valves 27, 29 of the exhaust boxes. The modification of the position of the non-return valves 27, 29 depends on the direction of circulation of the air flow from the reserve 5. In the example illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, these modification means are produced by the circulation of the air flow from the reserve 5. It should be noted that provision could be made for these modification means by means of mechanical connection means subject to movements causing air circulation. For example, some of the non-return valves of the exhaust boxes 25 can be connected by a mechanical connection to the bellows, to the half-body of the accordion or to the hand of the musician. It should be noted that these position modification means are independent of the shutter 13. The operation of the reeds 12 conforms to the general principle described in relation to FIGS. 1 to 4. Thus, in the closed position of a shutter 13 (fig. 5, 7), the associated reed 12 does not vibrate because the two openings 17, 19 of the intake box 16 are closed. The pair of non-return valves 27, 29 of the exhaust box 25 is displaced according to the direction of circulation of the air flow depending on the emptying or compression phase of the reserve 5 (fig. 5) and the filling or depression phase of reserve 5 (fig. 7). Similarly, in the open position of a shutter 13 (fig. 6 and 8), the associated reed 12 vibrates under the action of the air which passes through it, between the openings 17 and 28, in the direction of the arrow Fi for the emptying phase of the reserve 5 (fig. 6) and, between the openings 19, 26, in the direction of the arrow Fi for the filling phase of the reserve 5 (fig. 8). It should be noted that, when the shutter 13 is in the open position, the movement of the pair of non-return valves 18, 20 is free.
Conformément à l'invention, il est à noter que le caisson d'échappement 25 se met automatiquement dans l'exemple illustré aux fig. 5 à 8, par le jeu du piston libre, en configuration "compression" ou "dépression", dépendant de la phase de remplissage ou de vidage de la réserve 5, et que l'obturateur 13 permet, lorsqu'il est placé en position ouverte (fig.6 et 8), de placer simultanément le caisson d'admission dans la configuration souhaitée ("dépression" ou "compression") et de solliciter l'anche 12 associée. En d'autres termes, l'objet de l'invention permet de prédéterminer le sens de sollicitation de l'anche 12 par le flux d'air, préalablement à l'ouverture de l'obturation 13 par le musicien. Il en résulte un confort et une précision de jeu pour le musicien, ainsi qu'une amélioration des caractéristiques acoustiques de l'instrument 1. Dans l'exemple décrit ci-dessus, l'obturateur 13 est placé sur l'ouverture 17 du caisson d'admission 16 communiquant avec la réserve 5. Bien entendu, il peut être prévu de mettre en œuvre un ou plusieurs obturateurs 13 monté(s) sur l'un et/ou l'autre caisson d'une paire de caissons d'admission et d'échappement associés à une anche 12. La fig. 9 illustre une variante de réalisation de l'invention pour laquelle un obturateur 13 est monté en relation des ouvertures 17 et 26 des caissons d'admission 16 et d'échappement 25. L'obturateur 13 constitue ainsi les moyens pour interdire la circulation de l'air entre les ouvertures des caissons d'admission et d'échappement lorsque l'obturateur 13 est, bien entendu, placé en position de fermeture. Selon cette variante de réalisation, un couple de clapets anti-retour 18, 20 d'un caisson d'admission 16 est monté solidaire du couple de clapets anti-retour 27, 29 du caisson d'échappement 25 associé audit caisson d'admission. Ainsi, les tiges de liaison 35, 36 des couples de clapets sont reliées entre elles par une barre de connexion 39, décalée par rapport à l'anche 12, afin de ne pas perturber sa vibration. Il est à noter que le couplage, entre les deux couples de clapets anti-retour 18, 20 et 27, 29 est du type inversé, c'est-à-dire lorsque, par exemple, une ouverture 26 de communication avec la réserve 5, du caisson d'échappement 25 est fermée, alors l'ouverture 17 de communication avec la réserve 5, du caisson d'admission 16 est ouverte. Dans cette position illustrée à la fig. 9, les ouvertures 19 et 28 des caissons d'admission 16 et d'échappement 25 sont, respectivement, fermée et ouverte, compte tenu du couplage des clapets anti-retour par les tiges de liaison 35, 36. Dans l'autre position caractéristique des clapets anti-retour, les ouvertures fermées deviennent ouvertes et les ouvertures ouvertes deviennent fermées.According to the invention, it should be noted that the exhaust box 25 is automatically set in the example illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, by the play of the free piston, in the "compression" or "depression" configuration, depending on the filling or emptying phase of the reserve 5, and which the shutter 13 allows, when it is placed in position open (fig. 6 and 8), simultaneously placing the intake box in the desired configuration ("depression" or "compression") and requesting the associated reed 12. In other words, the object of the invention makes it possible to predetermine the direction of stress of the reed 12 by the air flow, prior to the opening of the shutter 13 by the musician. This results in comfort and playing precision for the musician, as well as an improvement in the acoustic characteristics of the instrument 1. In the example described above, the shutter 13 is placed on the opening 17 of the box. 16 communicating with the reserve 5. Of course, it can be provided to implement one or more shutters 13 mounted (s) on one and / or the other box of a pair of intake boxes and exhaust associated with a reed 12. FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention for which a shutter 13 is mounted in relation to the openings 17 and 26 of the intake 16 and exhaust 25 boxes. The shutter 13 thus constitutes the means for preventing the air circulation between the openings of the intake and exhaust boxes when the shutter 13 is, of course, placed in the closed position. According to this alternative embodiment, a pair of non-return valves 18, 20 of an intake box 16 is mounted integral with the pair of non-return valves 27, 29 of the exhaust box 25 associated with said intake box. Thus, the connecting rods 35, 36 of the pairs of valves are connected together by a connection bar 39, offset with respect to the reed 12, so as not to disturb its vibration. It should be noted that the coupling between the two pairs of non-return valves 18, 20 and 27, 29 is of the inverted type, that is to say when, for example, an opening 26 for communication with the reserve 5 , of the exhaust box 25 is closed, then the opening 17 for communication with the reserve 5, of the intake box 16 is open. In this position illustrated in FIG. 9, the openings 19 and 28 of the intake 16 and exhaust 25 boxes are, respectively, closed and open, taking into account the coupling of the non-return valves by the connecting rods 35, 36. In the other characteristic position non-return valves, the closed openings become open and the open openings become closed.
Dans cet exemple de réalisation, la position des clapets anti-retour est modifiée, non pas par la circulation de flux d'air, mais à l'aide de moyens mécaniques assujettis aux mouvements engendrant la circulation de l'air comme déjà expliqué. Ainsi, ces clapets anti-retour peuvent être reliés par une liaison mécanique au soufflet, au demi-corps de l'accordéon ou à la main du musicien, de sorte que leurs mouvements ne sont pas simplement dépendants de l'air. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, il est à noter que les clapets anti-retour des caissons d'échappement et d'admission sont positionnés correctement, de sorte que, dès l'ouverture de l'obturateur 13, l'anche correspondante peut vibrer. Comme indiqué précédemment, il convient de remarquer que, lorsque l'obturateur 13 est en position ouverte, les moyens mécaniques assujettis aux mouvements engendrant la circulation de l'air peuvent être débrayés, de sorte que les couples de clapets anti-retour 18, 20 et 27, 29 sont libres. II est à noter que, dans l'exemple illustré aux fig. 5 à 8, chaque clapet antiretour est représenté par un élément rigide se déplaçant dans son plan et formant ainsi une vanne. Bien entendu, il peut être prévu de réaliser, de manière différente, les clapets anti-retour. Ainsi, comme illustré à la fig.9, chaque clapet anti-retour peut être réalisé par un élément rigide articulé formant une valve. Il peut aussi être envisagé de réaliser les clapets anti-retour par des éléments souples.In this exemplary embodiment, the position of the non-return valves is modified, not by the circulation of air flow, but by means of mechanical means subject to the movements causing the circulation of air as already explained. Thus, these non-return valves can be connected by a mechanical connection to the bellows, to the half-body of the accordion or to the hand of the musician, so that their movements are not simply dependent on air. In this embodiment, it should be noted that the non-return valves of the exhaust and intake boxes are positioned correctly, so that, as soon as the shutter 13 is opened, the corresponding reed can vibrate. As indicated above, it should be noted that, when the shutter 13 is in the open position, the mechanical means subject to the movements causing the circulation of air can be disengaged, so that the couples of non-return valves 18, 20 and 27, 29 are free. It should be noted that, in the example illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 8, each non-return valve is represented by a rigid element moving in its plane and thus forming a valve. Of course, provision can be made, in a different way, non-return valves. Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 9, each non-return valve can be produced by a rigid articulated element forming a valve. It can also be envisaged to produce the non-return valves by flexible elements.
Tel que cela ressort de la description qui précède, l'objet de l'invention permet, de manière fort avantageuse, de réduire, à registres et/ou nombres d'octaves équivalents, le nombre d'anches nécessaires pour jouer, à la fois, pendant les phases d'aspiration et d'expiration du flux d'air à partir de la réserve 5. Cette réduction de poids et d'encombrement peut alors être mise à profit pour, par exemple, équiper de sommiers un dispositif d'accordage 40 pour chacune des anches. La fig. 10 illustre un exemple d'un tel dispositif d'accordage 40 qui comprend, au niveau de l'extrémité fixe 41 de l'anche 12, un mors 42 qui pince l'anche 12. Le dispositif d'accordage comprend, en outre, à l'opposé par rapport au mors de l'extrémité libre 43 de l'anche 12, un système de deux rouleaux 44, 45 entre lesquels la queue ou l'extrémité fixe de l'anche 12 est pincée. Ces rouleaux 44, 45 sont solidaires de deux pignons qui s'engrènent l'un dans l'autre. Un des pignons coopère avec une vis sans fin 46, de manière que la rotation de la vis permette de régler l'extension ou la longueur vibrante de l'anche par rapport au mors ou aux rouleaux. Ce dispositif permet alors d'accorder, de manière réversible, la note émise par l'anche lors de sa sollicitation. La réduction du nombre d'anches d'un accordéon conforme à l'invention permet, également, d'envisager de mettre en œuvre des dispositifs permettant de convertir en un signal électrique les mouvements de chaque anche.As appears from the above description, the object of the invention makes it possible, very advantageously, to reduce, to registers and / or equivalent octave numbers, the number of reeds necessary to play, both , during the suction and expiration phases of the air flow from the reserve 5. This reduction in weight and size can then be used to, for example, equipping box springs with a tuning device 40 for each of the reeds. Fig. 10 illustrates an example of such a tuning device 40 which comprises, at the fixed end 41 of the reed 12, a jaw 42 which clamps the reed 12. The tuning device further comprises, opposite to the jaw of the free end 43 of the reed 12, a system of two rollers 44, 45 between which the tail or the fixed end of the reed 12 is pinched. These rollers 44, 45 are integral with two pinions which mesh with one another. One of the pinions cooperates with an endless screw 46, so that the rotation of the screw makes it possible to adjust the extension or the vibrating length of the reed relative to the jaw or to the rollers. This device then makes it possible to tune, in a reversible manner, the note emitted by the reed during its solicitation. The reduction in the number of reeds of an accordion according to the invention also makes it possible to envisage implementing devices making it possible to convert the movements of each reed into an electrical signal.
Selon une forme de réalisation préférée d'un tel dispositif optoélectronique illustré à la fig. 11 et désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 50, les mouvements de l'anche sont transformés en signal électrique au moyen d'un système optique qui fait intervenir au moins un émetteur d'un rayon lumineux ou au moins une source de lumière 51 orientée vers l'extrémité libre 43 de l'anche 12 et au moins un récepteur 52 disposé pour capter la lumière 53 émise par l'émetteur et réfléchie sur l'extrémité libre 43 de l'anche 12. Il doit être noté que, de manière préférée, la source de lumière 51 est placée vers l'extrémité fixe 41 de l'anche 12, tandis que le récepteur 52 est disposé vers l'extrémité libre 43 de l'anche. Cette disposition permet d'obtenir, lors de la vibration de l'anche, un déplacement du signal lumineux réfléchi 53R de part et d'autre de la position de ce signal lorsque l'anche ne vibre pas.According to a preferred embodiment of such an optoelectronic device illustrated in FIG. 11 and designated as a whole by the reference 50, the movements of the reed are transformed into an electrical signal by means of an optical system which involves at least one emitter of a light ray or at least one light source 51 oriented towards the free end 43 of the reed 12 and at least one receiver 52 arranged to receive the light 53 emitted by the transmitter and reflected on the free end 43 of the reed 12. It should be noted that, so preferred, the light source 51 is placed towards the fixed end 41 of the reed 12, while the receiver 52 is placed towards the free end 43 of the reed. This provision makes it possible to obtain, during the vibration of the reed, a displacement of the reflected light signal 53 R on either side of the position of this signal when the reed does not vibrate.
La source 51 peut être de toute nature appropriée, telle qu'une diode électroluminescente émettant une lumière infrarouge ou visible. La source lumineuse 51 peut aussi être constituée par un guide de lumière raccordé à une source de lumière centralisée. Le récepteur 52 peut également être réalisé de toute manière appropriée, telle que, par exemple, par une ou plusieurs photodiodes ou photorésistances. Le récepteur 52 et l'émetteur 51 sont raccordés à des moyens 54 qui commandent la source 51 et traitent les informations reçues du récepteur 52, de manière à délivrer un signal image des vibrations de l'anche. Les moyens de traitement 54 peuvent, par ailleurs, être raccordés à un système électronique 55 d'amplification ou de traitement des sons émis par l'instrument.The source 51 can be of any suitable nature, such as a light emitting diode emitting infrared or visible light. The light source 51 can also be constituted by a light guide connected to a centralized light source. The receiver 52 can also be produced in any suitable manner, such as, for example, by one or more photodiodes or photoresistors. The receiver 52 and the transmitter 51 are connected to means 54 which control the source 51 and process the information received from the receiver 52, so as to deliver an image signal of the vibrations of the reed. The processing means 54 can also be connected to an electronic system 55 for amplifying or processing the sounds emitted by the instrument.
Afin de pouvoir tenir compte de l'amplitude du déplacement du rayon lumineux réfléchi 53R, le récepteur 52 est constitué de plusieurs capteurs 56 sensiblement alignés et coplanaires.In order to be able to take account of the amplitude of the displacement of the reflected light ray 53 R , the receiver 52 consists of several sensors 56 substantially aligned and coplanar.
Bien entendu, les capteurs 56 constitutifs du récepteur 52 pourraient être placés de manière différente.Of course, the sensors 56 constituting the receiver 52 could be placed differently.
Ainsi, la fig. 12 montre un exemple de réalisation du dispositif optique 50 pour lequel les capteurs 56, constitutifs du récepteur 52, sont disposés en ligne, selon une courbe qui tient compte du lieu de réflexion du signal lumineux 53R en provenance de l'émetteur 51, en fonction de la position de l'extrémité libre 43 de l'anche 12. Cette variante de réalisation présente les avantages suivants : de respecter les contraintes physiques et acoustiques de réalisation des caissons, notamment en termes de dimensions intérieures et de choix des matériaux, de ne pas perdre le signal de réflexion sur l'ensemble de la course de l'anche 12, évitant ainsi le recours à une modélisation informatique au niveau des moyens de traitement 54.Thus, fig. 12 shows an exemplary embodiment of the optical device 50 for which the sensors 56, constituting the receiver 52, are arranged in line, according to a curve which takes account of the place of reflection of the light signal 53 R coming from the transmitter 51, in depending on the position of the free end 43 of the reed 12. This alternative embodiment has the following advantages: to respect the physical and acoustic constraints of production of the boxes, in particular in terms of internal dimensions and choice of materials, do not lose the reflection signal over the entire stroke of the reed 12, thus avoiding the need for computer modeling at the processing means 54.
Il peut également être prévu d'interposer un système optique entre l'anche 12 et le récepteur 52, de manière à concentrer la lumière réfléchie par l'extrémité libre de l'anche sur le récepteur. La fig. 13 montre un exemple de réalisation pour lequel le système optique 57 est un miroir concave, tandis que la fig. 14 montre un autre exemple de réalisation pour lequel le système optique 57 est une lentille convergente. Dans la description qui précède, il a été mentionné qu'une anche 12 produisant une seule note est associée à un caisson d'admission 16 et à un caisson d'échappement 25. Bien entendu, il doit être compris que le montage dans un couple de caissons d'admission 16 et d'échappement 25, de plusieurs anches 12, toujours sollicitées par un flux d'air dans le même sens Fi, indépendamment du sens de circulation du flux d'air à partir de la réserve 5, s'inscrit dans le cadre de la présente invention.Provision may also be made to interpose an optical system between the reed 12 and the receiver 52, so as to concentrate the light reflected by the free end of the reed on the receiver. Fig. 13 shows an exemplary embodiment for which the optical system 57 is a concave mirror, while FIG. 14 shows another exemplary embodiment for which the optical system 57 is a converging lens. In the above description, it has been mentioned that a reed 12 producing a single note is associated with an intake box 16 and an exhaust box 25. Of course, it should be understood that the mounting in a torque of intake 16 and exhaust 25 boxes, of several reeds 12, always stressed by an air flow in the same direction Fi, independently of the direction of circulation of the air flow from the reserve 5, s' registered in the context of the present invention.
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre. The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown since various modifications can be made thereto without departing from its scope.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Instrument de musique à anches libres (12) sollicitées en vibration par un flux d'air engendré par une réserve (5) de capacité variable et susceptible de circuler à partir de la réserve dans deux sens dits, respectivement, d'aspiration et d'expiration, l'instrument comportant :1 - Musical instrument with free reeds (12) vibrated by a flow of air generated by a reserve (5) of variable capacity and capable of circulating from the reserve in two directions called, respectively, suction and expiration, the instrument comprising:
• des moyens (15) de canalisation du flux d'air adaptés pour que le flux de sollicitation circule au niveau de chaque anche toujours dans le même sens (Fi), indépendamment du sens de circulation du flux à partir de la réserve (5), les moyens de canalisation (15) comprenant : - un caisson d'admission (16) ouvert vers au moins une anche (12) et raccordé : d'une part, à la réserve (5) par au moins une ouverture (17) commandée par un clapet anti-retour (18) orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture (17) à partir du caisson d'admission (16), et, d'autre part, au milieu extérieur (E) par au moins une ouverture (19) commandée par un clapet anti-retour (20) orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture (19) à partir du caisson d'admission (16), - un caisson d'échappement (25) ouvert vers au moins une anche (12) et raccordé :• means (15) for channeling the air flow adapted so that the stress flow circulates at each reed always in the same direction (Fi), independently of the direction of circulation of the flow from the reserve (5) , the channeling means (15) comprising: - an inlet box (16) open to at least one reed (12) and connected: on the one hand, to the reserve (5) by at least one opening (17) controlled by a non-return valve (18) oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening (17) from the intake box (16), and, on the other hand, to the external environment (E) by at least one opening (19) controlled by a non-return valve (20) oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening (19) from the intake box (16), - an exhaust box ( 25) open to at least one reed (12) and connected:
* d'une part à la réserve (5) par au moins une ouverture (26) commandée par un clapet anti-retour (27) orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture par le caisson d'échappement (25). et, d'autre part, au milieu extérieur par au moins une ouverture (28) commandée par un clapet anti-retour (29) orienté pour empêcher toute circulation d'air par l'ouverture (28) vers le caisson d'échappement (25), • et un mécanisme d'actionnement d'obturateurs (13) dont l'ouverture et la fermeture permet la sollicitation ou non des anches(12) par le flux d'air, caractérisé en ce que : • l'instrument comprend, pour au moins une anche (12) sollicitée par le flux d'air toujours dans le même sens (Fi), un caisson d'admission (16) et un caisson d'échappement (25) qui sont raccordés par un canal (30) au niveau duquel l'anche (12) est disposée, • les clapets anti-retour (18, 20) de chaque caisson d'admission (16) sont couplés de manière que, lorsque l'un des clapets est ouvert, l'autre clapet est fermé, et inversement,* on the one hand to the reserve (5) by at least one opening (26) controlled by a non-return valve (27) oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening by the exhaust box (25) . and, on the other hand, in the external environment by at least one opening (28) controlled by a non-return valve (29) oriented to prevent any circulation of air through the opening (28) towards the exhaust box ( 25), • and a shutter actuation mechanism (13) whose opening and closing allows the reeds (12) to be activated or not by the air flow, characterized in that: • the instrument comprises , for at least one reed (12) stressed by the air flow always in the same direction (Fi), an intake box (16) and an exhaust box (25) which are connected by a channel (30 ) at which the reed (12) is arranged, • the non-return valves (18, 20) of each intake box (16) are coupled so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa,
• les clapets anti-retour (27, 29) de chaque caisson d'échappement (25) sont couplés de manière que, lorsque l'un des clapets est ouvert, l'autre clapet est fermé, et inversement,• the non-return valves (27, 29) of each exhaust box (25) are coupled so that, when one of the valves is open, the other valve is closed, and vice versa,
• pour chacun des caissons d'admission (16) ou d'échappement (25) associés à au moins une anche (12), au moins un obturateur (13) est monté pour, dans une première position, fermer au moins une ouverture (17, 19, 26, 28) d'un caisson d'admission (16) ou d'échappement (25) et pour, dans une deuxième position, laisser libre ladite ouverture,• for each of the intake (16) or exhaust (25) boxes associated with at least one reed (12), at least one shutter (13) is mounted to, in a first position, close at least one opening ( 17, 19, 26, 28) of an intake (16) or exhaust (25) box and to, in a second position, leave said opening free,
• l'instrument comprend des moyens pour interdire la circulation de l'air entre les ouvertures des caissons d'admission (16) et d'échappement (25) lorsque l'obturateur (13) associé est en position de fermeture, • et l'instrument comprend des moyens de modification des positions d'ouverture et de fermeture d'au moins certains des couples de clapets antiretour (27, 29) des caissons d'échappement (25), cette modification de position dépendant du sens de circulation du flux d'air à partir de la réserve. • the instrument comprises means for preventing the circulation of air between the openings of the intake (16) and exhaust (25) boxes when the associated shutter (13) is in the closed position, • and l the instrument comprises means for modifying the opening and closing positions of at least some of the pairs of non-return valves (27, 29) of the exhaust boxes (25), this modification of position depending on the direction of circulation of the flow of air from the reserve.
2 - Instrument de musique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins certains des couples de clapets anti-retour (27, 29) des caissons d'échappement sont reliés de manière solidaire entre eux.2 - Musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the pairs of non-return valves (27, 29) of the exhaust boxes are integrally connected to each other.
3 - Instrument de musique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un couple de clapets anti-retour (18, 20) d'au moins un caisson d'admission (16) est monté solidaire du couple de clapets anti-retour (27, 29) du caisson d'échappement (25) associé audit caisson d'admission.3 - Musical instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a pair of non-return valves (18, 20) of at least one intake box (16) is mounted integral with the pair of anti-return valves return (27, 29) of the exhaust box (25) associated with said intake box.
4 - Instrument de musique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour interdire la circulation de l'air sont assurés par l'obturateur (13) qui, en position de fermeture d'une ouverture d'un caisson, permet de bloquer le clapet anti- retour de l'autre ouverture dudit caisson, en position de fermeture.4 - Musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for preventing the circulation of air are provided by the shutter (13) which, in the closed position of an opening of a box, allows block the non-return valve of the other opening of said box, in the closed position.
5 - Instrument de musique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour interdire la circulation de l'air sont assurés par l'obturateur (13) qui assure la fermeture d'une ouverture d'un caisson d'échappement (25) et d'une ouverture d'un caisson d'admission (16) et en ce qu'un couple de clapets anti-retour (18, 20) d'un caisson d'admission est monté solidaire, en mode inversé, du couple de clapets anti-retour (27, 28) du caisson d'échappement (25) associé audit caisson d'admission.5 - Musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for preventing the circulation of air are provided by the shutter (13) which ensures the closing of an opening of an exhaust box (25) and an opening of an intake box (16) and in that a pair of non-return valves (18, 20) d An intake box is mounted integrally, in reverse mode, with the pair of non-return valves (27, 28) of the exhaust box (25) associated with said intake box.
6 - Instrument de musique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de modification des positions d'ouverture et de fermeture sont réalisés par la circulation du flux d'air à partir de la réserve (5) ou par des moyens mécaniques de liaison assujettis aux mouvements engendrant la circulation de l'air. 6 - Musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for modifying the opening and closing positions are produced by the circulation of the air flow from the reserve (5) or by mechanical means of connection subject to movements generating air circulation.
7 - Instrument de musique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque caisson d'admission (16) délimite intérieurement un volume sensiblement égal au volume délimité par le caisson d'échappement (25) associé.7 - Musical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that each intake box (16) internally delimits a volume substantially equal to the volume delimited by the associated exhaust box (25).
8 - Instrument de musique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les caissons d'admission (16) et les caissons d'échappement (25) font partie intégrante d'un sommier (10).8 - Musical instrument according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the intake boxes (16) and the exhaust boxes (25) are an integral part of a box spring (10).
9 - Instrument de musique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que certaines au moins des anches (12) sont associées à un dispositif d'accordage comprenant un système de deux rouleaux entre lesquels est pincée l'extrémité fixe de l'anche (12), qui sont solidaires de deux pignons s'engrenant et coopérant avec une vis sans fin (46), de manière que la rotation de la vis permette de régler la longueur vibrante de l'anche.9 - Musical instrument according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least some of the reeds (12) are associated with a tuning device comprising a system of two rollers between which the fixed end of the reed is pinched. the reed (12), which are secured to two pinions meshing and cooperating with an endless screw (46), so that the rotation of the screw makes it possible to adjust the vibrating length of the reed.
10 - Instrument de musique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que certaines au moins des anches (12) sont associées chacune à un dispositif optoélectronique (50) de transformation des vibrations de l'anche en un signal électrique qui comprend :10 - Musical instrument according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least some of the reeds (12) are each associated with an optoelectronic device (50) for transforming the vibrations of the reed into an electrical signal which understand :
• au moins une source de lumière (51) orientée vers l'extrémité libre de l'anche,• at least one light source (51) oriented towards the free end of the reed,
• et au moins un récepteur (52) disposé pour recevoir la lumière (53) émise par la source (51) et réfléchie sur l'extrémité libre (43) de l'anche (12). • and at least one receiver (52) arranged to receive the light (53) emitted by the source (51) and reflected on the free end (43) of the reed (12).
11 - Instrument de musique selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le récepteur (52) est constitué par une série de capteurs (56) alignés selon une courbe, pour récupérer la lumière réfléchie par l'extrémité libre de l'anche.11 - Musical instrument according to claim 10, characterized in that the receiver (52) is constituted by a series of sensors (56) aligned along a curve, to recover the light reflected by the free end of the reed.
12 - Instrument de musique selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif optoélectronique comprend un système optique (57) interposé entre l'anche12 - Musical instrument according to claim 10, characterized in that the optoelectronic device comprises an optical system (57) interposed between the reed
(12) et le récepteur (52), pour concentrer sur le récepteur (52) la lumière réfléchie par l'extrémité libre de l'anche.(12) and the receiver (52), to concentrate on the receiver (52) the light reflected by the free end of the reed.
13 - Instrument de musique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il forme un accordéon (1) et en ce que la réserve de capacité variable comprend un soufflet (4).13 - Musical instrument according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it forms an accordion (1) and in that the variable capacity reserve comprises a bellows (4).
14 - Instrument de musique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il forme un harmonica et en ce que la réserve de capacité variable est constituée par les poumons de l'utilisateur de l'harmonica. 14 - Musical instrument according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it forms a harmonica and in that the variable capacity reserve is constituted by the lungs of the user of the harmonica.
PCT/FR2001/002076 2000-06-28 2001-06-28 Musical instrument with free reeds WO2002001547A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE60119738T DE60119738D1 (en) 2000-06-28 2001-06-28 TONGUE INSTRUMENT
AU2001270704A AU2001270704A1 (en) 2000-06-28 2001-06-28 Musical instrument with free reeds
EP01949576A EP1301918B1 (en) 2000-06-28 2001-06-28 Musical instrument with free reeds

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0008295A FR2811128B1 (en) 2000-06-28 2000-06-28 FREE REED MUSIC INSTRUMENT
FR00/08295 2000-06-28

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WO2002001547A1 true WO2002001547A1 (en) 2002-01-03

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CN (1) CN1220969C (en)
AT (1) ATE326753T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001270704A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60119738D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2811128B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002001547A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2410118A (en) * 2004-01-15 2005-07-20 Edward Jay Reed system for a free reed instrument
CN102708845A (en) * 2012-06-18 2012-10-03 廖万侦 Eastern pipe organ
EP2908311A1 (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-19 Philippe Imbert Improvement of a free-reed musical instrument, such as an accordion or the like

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101042858A (en) * 2007-04-28 2007-09-26 徐一渠 Multi-tone high tone mouth organ
CN106571128A (en) * 2016-02-02 2017-04-19 顾震夷 Double air chamber accordion sounding system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE104584C (en) *
US2662440A (en) * 1951-09-10 1953-12-15 Gasero Charles De Single reed cell block
DE8802598U1 (en) * 1988-02-27 1988-06-16 Lemmer, Andreas, 4154 Tönisvorst Sound post for reed instrument with one reed per reed plate
DE19507863A1 (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-19 Koppold Siegfried Music instrument with converter to give electronic signal from mechanical process
WO2000048066A1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Pierre Bonnat Method and device for monitoring an electronic or computer system by means of a fluid flow

Family Cites Families (1)

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DE2622523A1 (en) * 1976-05-20 1977-12-08 Ernst Zacharias Remote tuning of organ - uses individual reeds which may be tuned by moving clamping roller slide with small DC motor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE104584C (en) *
US2662440A (en) * 1951-09-10 1953-12-15 Gasero Charles De Single reed cell block
DE8802598U1 (en) * 1988-02-27 1988-06-16 Lemmer, Andreas, 4154 Tönisvorst Sound post for reed instrument with one reed per reed plate
DE19507863A1 (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-19 Koppold Siegfried Music instrument with converter to give electronic signal from mechanical process
WO2000048066A1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2000-08-17 Pierre Bonnat Method and device for monitoring an electronic or computer system by means of a fluid flow

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2410118A (en) * 2004-01-15 2005-07-20 Edward Jay Reed system for a free reed instrument
GB2410118B (en) * 2004-01-15 2005-12-28 Edward Jay Reed system for a free reed instrument
CN102708845A (en) * 2012-06-18 2012-10-03 廖万侦 Eastern pipe organ
EP2908311A1 (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-19 Philippe Imbert Improvement of a free-reed musical instrument, such as an accordion or the like

Also Published As

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DE60119738D1 (en) 2006-06-22
CN1444760A (en) 2003-09-24
AU2001270704A1 (en) 2002-01-08
EP1301918A1 (en) 2003-04-16
FR2811128B1 (en) 2002-11-08
FR2811128A1 (en) 2002-01-04
ATE326753T1 (en) 2006-06-15
EP1301918B1 (en) 2006-05-17
CN1220969C (en) 2005-09-28

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