WO2001097419A1 - Procede de generation d'une sequence de formation lors de l'estimation de voies - Google Patents

Procede de generation d'une sequence de formation lors de l'estimation de voies Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001097419A1
WO2001097419A1 PCT/CN2001/000860 CN0100860W WO0197419A1 WO 2001097419 A1 WO2001097419 A1 WO 2001097419A1 CN 0100860 W CN0100860 W CN 0100860W WO 0197419 A1 WO0197419 A1 WO 0197419A1
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Prior art keywords
user
users
training sequence
offset
channel
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PCT/CN2001/000860
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wei Tang
Zhaohui Cai
Zexian Li
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP01969152A priority Critical patent/EP1300969A4/en
Priority to AU2001289498A priority patent/AU2001289498A1/en
Priority to US10/297,530 priority patent/US7376115B2/en
Priority to JP2002511499A priority patent/JP2004503985A/ja
Publication of WO2001097419A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001097419A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0006Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0224Channel estimation using sounding signals
    • H04L25/0226Channel estimation using sounding signals sounding signals per se
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique for generating training sequences of users in a wireless communication system and a method for allocating the same, and in particular, to a training sequence for a TD-CDMA (Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access) or TD-SCDMA in a wireless communication system. Generation technology.
  • TD-CDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-CDMA systems Unlike pure TDMA and CDMA systems, TD-CDMA systems contain several code channels in each time slot, which are used to distinguish different users in the same time slot.
  • the multiple-access method using TDMA and CDMA has a performance advantage over a system using only TDMA or CDMA.
  • the relevant processing methods can be adopted. With these methods, different channels can be distinguished at the receiving end.
  • the spatial time-varying channel will add corresponding interference to the transmission signal, and the multi-path interference of the mobile channel and the channel will also cause inter-symbol interference (IS I) and multiple-access interference (MAI) ). Therefore, in order to recover the correct transmitted signal at the receiving end, the impulse response of the channel must be correctly obtained, and then the received signal and the obtained channel impulse response are used to correctly estimate the transmitted signal.
  • the quality of channel estimation has a significant impact on system performance.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the reference [1] of the prior art, which is a schematic diagram of different user training sequences obtained by successively shifting the basic code.
  • the offset when generating the training sequence from the basic code corresponds to the estimation
  • the window is long. In this case, regardless of whether the actual number of working users reaches the maximum number of users, the estimated window length of each user is selected to correspond to the situation where the number of simultaneous working users reaches the maximum.
  • the basic code in Figure 2 is periodic, where the estimated window length W satisfies
  • K is the maximum number of simultaneous working users
  • P is the period of the basic code.
  • the basic code is selected to be periodic, which can further simplify the processing complexity when the receiver performs channel estimation.
  • the case of the two basic codes has no difference in principle, and does not affect the method described in the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes a method for generating a training sequence in channel estimation, and dynamically determines an offset when a training sequence is selected from a basic code or a periodic basic code according to the actual working state of the system in a specific time burst. This generates a training sequence and assigns it to each user in that particular time burst. Preferably, while the training sequence is dynamically selected, the offset is made as long as possible.
  • the actual working state of the system refers to the actual number of users in the specific time burst and / or the channel estimation state of each user before the specific time burst.
  • the invention proposes a method for dynamically selecting training sequence generation according to the working status of the system.
  • the base station dynamically selects sequences and assigns them to each user according to the environment and channel conditions of users in the system, so that the window length of channel estimation is as long as possible. To achieve the purpose of making full use of resources and making more accurate channel estimates, while making the system capacity as large as possible.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is mainly directed to a code division multiple access wireless communication system, it is also applicable to systems using frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access with similar transmission structures. Any engineer with a knowledge background in signal processing and communication, etc. , Can design training sequences for different users according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of generating a training sequence from an aperiodic basic code in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of generating a training sequence from a periodic basic code in the prior art
  • FIG. 3a shows a burst structure of a time burst at the transmitting end as a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3b shows a burst structure of a time burst at the receiving end as a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a method for generating different user training sequences from the same period basic code in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3a shows a transmission burst structure of a TD-CDMA system.
  • the burst signal transmitted by the link is processed by the transmission filter, it is transmitted to the receiver via the wireless channel.
  • the fixed length of the propagation channel is W, and each burst structure includes at least one data block and a predefined training sequence block.
  • channel estimation using a training sequence can be accomplished by solving a system of equations consisting of a known training sequence and a received signal vector.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for generating and distributing training sequences.
  • the burst structure of the transmitted TD-CDMA is shown in Figure 3a, which contains two data blocks and a training sequence block, the first and second part of the data block are separated by the middle training sequence block.
  • the delay of the fixed channel is selected to be T chips wide, so the burst structure received at the receiving end is shown in Figure 3b.
  • part of the received signal of the data block 1 (chip length) is moved to the received signal part corresponding to the training sequence, and part of the received signal of the training sequence is also moved to the received signal of the data block 2.
  • midamble codes used as examples to describe the selection of training sequences.
  • the present invention is not limited to the selection of midarable codes. It can be applied to the selection of training sequences in any channel estimation based on training sequences. It is also suitable for generating training sequences from periodic basic codes or aperiodic basic codes. Assume that there are K wireless users in the system, then the system model in question includes K wireless channels, and assume that its complex-valued impulse response is:
  • the channel-to-symbol interference originates from the last -1 element of the data symbol in the data block, and the first -1 samples in the received signal are trained
  • the influence of the sequence's delayed signal that is, the presence of inter-symbol interference (ISI)
  • ISI inter-symbol interference
  • the received signal is thus expressed as
  • the problem of channel estimation is actually equivalent to the process of finding A and G in eq. (9), where the matrix G is a matrix composed of the training sequences of each user, and the vector e is corresponding to the training sequence. Part of the received signal.
  • a special training sequence generation method is selected, that is, the midamble codes of different users in the same time slot are generated based on the same basic code or periodic basic code, and each other Have different time shifts between:
  • the columns of the matrix G in (7) are obtained by different translations of a training sequence / ⁇ , ⁇ , that is, the matrix G is a cyclic matrix.
  • the ffiidamble code formed in this way can achieve channel estimation for multiple users by performing a correlation operation.
  • the value of the offset W when the user's midamble is selected is a relatively important parameter, and the value should be correct under the determined physical layer working process.
  • the selection of the W value in practice needs to consider the following factors: the length of the midamble code in the frame format; tL w ; the size of the period i 5 of the selected periodic basic code; the maximum number of users working simultaneously in one slot; the delay of the mobile channel Spread amount; the number of ra darab 1 e codes used simultaneously before shifting. For example, assuming the maximum number of users working simultaneously in the same time slot, the selection process of the channel impulse response length should be:
  • the number of users determines the length value that ⁇ can take.
  • the channel delay and T spread may be large.
  • the length of the midambie code in the data frame format is limited. After the maximum number of users working at the same time is greater than a certain number, the value of W will be The delay spread W is less than the actual channel. If T of a user's channel is greater than T, the estimated value is inaccurate due to the loss of some information.
  • the channel estimation of the user who takes the adjacent shifted midamble code causes interference. Therefore, in the process of taking the offset of the midamb le code of the corpse, the value of W should be adaptively changed. According to the number of users and / or specific channel conditions, the user's access to the corresponding adjustment should be adjusted accordingly. Value and relative position, so that the length of the channel estimation window (i.e., each offset value) of as many users as possible remains the longest. 'Therefore, when each user selects the midarab le code, the selection strategy of the W value and the raidamble code offset number can be included as:
  • a basic code in one time slot is taken as an example to specifically describe three methods for generating training sequences as a preferred embodiment, where K represents a maximum number of working users, it represents a specific offset sequence number, and a selected periodic basic code.
  • the period is P, the length of the midamb le code:
  • the number of users configured in each time slot can be broadcasted through a common channel in the system or notified to other users by other means.
  • each level corresponds to a situation of the number of users, and a fixed estimated window length is allocated accordingly.
  • the W value is taken as L / d
  • the W value is taken as
  • Figure 4 shows a method for generating an adaptive training sequence when the maximum number of users is 16, but the current actual number of users is 4, where the basic code represents a determined sequence, and a pseudo-random sequence can be used or a computer can meet certain requirements. A search is generated.
  • the length of the channel estimation window of each user is adaptively selected as 4W, and W in the case of 16 users.
  • the increase of the estimation window length corresponds to the improvement of the accuracy of the channel estimation.
  • different training sequence generation strategies can also be adopted, that is, when the training sequence is generated by the base station, (1) the distance of the midamble code is made as far as possible when the number of existing users is constant. (2) For newly added users, according to the delay of existing users. Choose the most appropriate midamble code value to assign.
  • the newly added users are taken in turn, and the codes are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 9, 13, 15, 15; if any users log out, the newly added users Take the midamble code of the user who originally logged out; when the user exceeds 8, the serial number of the midarable code taken by the newly added user is the serial number of the user with the shortest actual channel impulse response length among the users + the mi damb 1 e code (It is assumed that the increase of the serial number is consistent with the direction of the shift, and the actual channel impulse response length can be directly obtained from the channel estimation value), until 16 users are configured. Another way is to start adding user values as the users increase in order: 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 7, 11, 15, etc. These are all examples of training sequence generation methods.
  • This method gives a training sequence generation method suitable for wireless communication systems, especially for WCDMA-TDD (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access-Time Division Duplex), TD-SCDMA ( A method for generating and selecting a training sequence for different users in time division duplex-synchronous code division multiple access) and TD-CDMA (time division duplex-code division multiple access) systems.
  • WCDMA-TDD Wideband Code Division Multiple Access-Time Division Duplex
  • TD-SCDMA A method for generating and selecting a training sequence for different users in time division duplex-synchronous code division multiple access
  • TD-CDMA time division duplex-code division multiple access
  • the technical solution of the present invention is mainly directed to a code division multiple access wireless communication system, it is also applicable to a communication system using a similar transmission structure. Any engineer with a knowledge background in signal processing and communication can design according to the present invention. Training sequences for different users.
  • the present invention is applicable to a mobile communication system with a poor communication environment, such as an on-board mobile station environment, and is used in a third-generation mobile communication system, which can reduce the bit error rate and improve the performance of the system's signal reception, thereby improving the communication quality.
  • the present invention is not limited to the selection of midamb le codes, and it is applicable to the selection of training sequences in any channel estimation based on training sequences, including the selection of preamb le codes. It also applies to periodic basic codes or aperiodic basic codes. The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)

Description

信道估计中训练序列的生成方法
技术领域 本发明涉及无线通信系统中用户的训练序列的生成技术及其分配方法, 具 体地说涉及到无线通信系统中尤其是 TD - CDMA (时分 -码分多址)或 TD - SCDMA 的训练序列的生成技术。
发明背景
不同于单纯的 TDMA和 CDMA系统, TD - CDMA系统在每个时隙内包含有若干个 码道, 用于区分相同时隙内的不同用户。 采用 TDMA与 CDMA混合的多址方式与单 纯采用 TDMA或 CDMA的系统相比具有性能上的优势。 在 TD - CDMA系统的接收机中 既需要分离每帧中的时隙, 也需要分离同一时隙中的不同码道(可以采用相关 的处理方法) 。 利用这些方法, 在接收端就可以将不同的信道区分开。 在系统 发送端发出的信号经过传输后,空间的时变信道会对传输信号加入相应的干扰, 而且移动信道的多径干扰和信道还会引起码间干扰( IS I )和多址干扰(MAI ) 。 因此为了在接收端恢复出正确的发射信号, 必须正确得到信道的冲激响应, 然 后利用接收到的信号和所得到的信道冲激响应正确估计出所发射的信号。 信道 估计质量对于系统性能具有举足轻重的影响。
在现代无线通信系统中, 数据信号经过无线信道后, 由于多径衰落和时延 扩展的影响, 接收到的信号发生频率选择性衰落、 时间选择性衰落, 信号波形 发生变形, 信噪比较低, 难以正确恢复发射的信号。 在许多系统中, 采用训练 序列 (根据位置不同, 称作 preamble码或 midamb l e码) 来实现信道估计, 因此 训练序列的生成方法的确定至关重要。
\ 在参考文献 [1], 即, Bernd Steiner and Peter Jung "Upl ink Channel Est imat ion in Sychronous CDMA Mobi le Radio Systems With Joint Detect ion" , PIMRC/ 93中, 公开了一种最大似然的无偏信道估计方法和匹配滤 波器的有偏的信道估计方法, 同时给出了训练序列的生成方法, 即认为同一个 时隙中不同用户的训练序列码是基于同一个基本码或周期基本码产生的, 相互 间具有不同的时间移位,参考文献 [1]假定各用户的信道冲击响应具有相同的长 度, 则各用户的训练序列码的相对时间移位是等间隔的。
图 1和图 2表示了作为现有技术的参考文献 [1] ,利用对基本码进行逐次移位 获得不同用户训练序列的示意图, 其中从基本码中生成训练序列时的偏移量对 应于估计窗长。 这种情况下不论实际工作用户数是否达到最大用户数, 各用户 的估计窗长都选择为 即对应于同时工作用户数达到最大的情况。
图 1的基本码是非周期的, 其中估计窗长 w满足 W = PAR:, 为最大同时工作 用户数, 3为基本码长。 图 2的基本码是周期的, 其中估计窗长 W满足
K为最大同时工作用户数, P为基本码的周期。 基本码选为周期性的, 能进一步 简化接收端进行信道估计时处理的复杂度。 两种基本码的情况在原理上没有区 另l, 并不影响本发明所述的方法。
以上从基本码中生成训练序列的方法, 都是假定各用户的信道冲击响应具 有相同的长度, 并且认为各用户的训练序列码的相对时间移位是等间隔的。 这 种生成方法不能充分发挥信道估计的性能, 因此也不可避免地影响整个通信系 统的性能。
发明内容
本发明的提出了一种信道估计中训练序列的生成方法, 根据系统在特定时 间突发中的实际工作状态, 动态地确定从基本码或周期基本码中选取训练序列 时的偏移量, 由此生成训练序列并分配给该特定时间突发中的各个用户。 较佳地, 在所述动态选取训练序列的同时, 使所述偏移量尽量长。
较佳地, 所述的系统实际工作状态是指, 在该特定时间突发中的实际用户 数和 /或在该特定时间突发以前的各个用户的信道估计状态。
本发明提出的一种根据系统工作状态, 动态选取训练序列的生成方法, 由 基站根据系统中用户所处环境和信道状况,动态的选取序列并分配给各个用户, 使得信道估计的窗长尽量长, 达到充分利用资源, 作出更青确的信道估计, 同 时使得系统容量尽量大的目的。
虽然本发明的技术方案主要针对码分多址的无线通信系统, 但是也同样适 用于釆用类似传输结构的频分多址和时分多址的系统, 任何具有信号处理、 通 信等知识背景的工程师, 都可以根据本发明设计不同用户的训练序列。
附图简要说明
为使本发明的目的、 方案和优点更加清楚明白, 以下举实施例, 并结合附 图, 对本发明进一步详细说明。 其中
图 1示出了现有技术中从非周期性基本码中生成训练序列的示意图; 图 2示出了现有技术中从周期性基本码中生成训练序列的示意图;
图 3a示出了作为本发明的一个较佳实施例的, 一个时间突发在发送端的突 ' 发结构;
图 3b示出了作为本发明的一个较佳实施例的, 一个时间突发在接收端的突 发结构;
图 4示出了在本发明的一个较佳实施例中, 由同一周期基本码生成不同用户 训练序列的方法。
实施本发明的方式
图 3a给出了 TD - CDMA系统的一种发送的突发结构。 通常情况下所说的一条 链路包括发射的突发信号经过发射滤波器的处理后, 经过无线信道传输到达接 收机。 取传播信道的固定长度为 W, 每个突发结构中至少包含一个数据块和一 个预先定义的训练序列块。 通常情况下, 利用训练序列进行的信道估计可以通 过求解由已知的训练序列和接收的信号向量组成的方程组来完成。 本发明的主 要目的就是提出一种生成和分配训练序列的方法。 在图 3a中给出了发射的 TD - CDMA的突发结构, 其中包含有两个数据块和一 个训练序列块, 第一和第二部分数据块由中间的训练序列块隔开。 假定选取固 定信道的延时扩展为 T 个码片宽度, 因此在接收端接收到的突发结构如图 3b中 所示。 其中数据块 1的部分接收信号 个码片长度)移到了训练序列对应 的接收信号部分, 而训练序列的部分接收信号也移到了数据块 2的接收信号中。
为了说明方便, 下面以 midamble码为例说明训练序列的选取, 实际上, 本 发明并不仅限于 midarable码的选取, 其可适用于任何基于训练序列的信道估计 中对训练序列的选取。 并且适用于从周期性基本码或者非周期性基本码中生成 训练序列。 假定系统中有 K个无线用户, 则所讨论的系统模型中即包括 K个无线信道, 假定其复值的脉冲响应为:
^ϋ , LK (1) 其长度为^。 将 Κ个用户的信道响应写为向量形式:
h = (h^T, h^T...h^T)T (2) 未知信道系数的总共数目为
U - KW (3) 第 个用户的训练序列为
Figure imgf000006_0001
由于假定信道冲激响应的长度为 因此信道码间干扰起源于数据块中 的数据符号的最后的 -1个元素, 接收信号中的最初的 -1个抽样受训练 序列的延时信号的影响, 即存在码间干扰 ( ISI ) , 不作为信道估计的一部 分。 因此, 每个训练序列的最初的 W-1个元素的能量并不完全用于信道估 计。 由训练序列本身唯一确定的接收信号仅仅有 个元素。 设实际的接收信 号为
Figure imgf000007_0001
根据 (4)中的训练序列 , LxW的矩阵为
= ( )), U (6a)
G •ij =一 O '"M¾-j', l..丄; .W (6b)
而 L x U 矩阵 G为
Figure imgf000007_0002
其零均值的可加平稳噪声为
Figure imgf000007_0003
从而接收信号表示为
Figure imgf000007_0004
因而信道估计的问题实际上就相当于已知式 (9) 中的 G、 e来求出 A的 过程, 其中的矩阵 G是由各个用户的训练序列组成的矩阵, 向量 e是对应于 训练序列部分的接收信号。
参考文献 [1]中为了尽量的减少系统的资源的耗费,选择特殊的训练序列生 成方式, 即, 同一个时隙中不同用户的 midamble码是基于同一个基本码或者周 期基本码产生的, 相互间具有不同的时间移位, 令:
m^{mnm2,...,mL^(K_l)W)T ,
m, £{1,-1};£ = l,...,(Lm +(K- 1)W) 表示一个用户的基本码,
其中, m; = m^ = ( + 1)"..,(L„, +{K- 1)W) , 是 midamble码的长度, 为基 本码的周期, 表示信道估计窗(即信道脉冲响应长度)的大小。 那么 个不同 用户的 midamble的产生基于公式: m = mi+(K-k)W, i = ' ;Lm; k = l, - - -,K0
这样(7 )式中的矩阵 G的各列是由一个训练序列 /η,·的不同平移得到, 即矩阵 G 是循环矩阵。
这样构成的 ffiidamble码可以通过做一次相关运算实现多个用户的信道估 计。 其中, 选取用户的 midamble时的偏移量 W值, 是一个比较重要的参数, 而 且在确定的物理层工作过程下, 该值应该是确 的。 实际中 W值的选取需要考 虑下面几个因素: 帧格式中 midamble码的长; tLw; 选取的周期基本码的周期 i5 的大小; 一个时隙中同时工作的最大用户数 移动信道的延迟扩展量 ; 移 位前同时使用 ra i darab 1 e码的数量。 如杲假设同一个时隙内同时工作的最大用户数 ,信道冲激响应长度 的 选取过程应为:
1. 为了快速实现信道估计,根据最大似然的信道估计方法(参考文献 [1] ) , 应使构造的估计矩阵是循环矩阵, 所以应首先使等式 w = 」d成立, 其中 " L 」,, 表示向下取整数操作。
2. 估计矩阵的列数 即接收端收到的用于信道估计的 chip数)和 midamble 码的长 关系应该满足 L + 1 = 。
3. 为了使估计有解, 应该满足 ^≥ 。
4. 确定 是否满足应用要求。
其中, 用户数决定了 ^能取的长度值。'一方面, 根据 ITU- R M. 1225 所给 出的几种典型的移动通信系统的信道模型, 在实际系统工作过程中, 信道的延 返 ·Τ展量可能 ^大, 另一方面由于信道是时变的, 并且考虑到传输效率及保证 信息速率等方面因素, 数据帧格式中 midamb ie码的长度是有限的, 这样在同时 工作的最大用户数大于一定数目后, W的取值就会小于实际信道的延迟扩展量 W , 若某个用户信道的! T >W, 那么一方面由于丢失部分信息使得估计值不准, 另一方面对取相邻移位 midamble码的用户的信道估计造成干扰。 因此, 茌逸取用尸的 midamb l e码的偏移量的过程中, W的取值应该是自适 应变化的, 根据用户数的不同和 /或具体的信道条件, 相应地调整各用户 的取 值以及相对位置,. 使得尽可能多的用户的信道估计窗的长度(即各偏移量值) 保持最长。 ' 因此, 各用户在选取 midarab l e码时, W值和 raidamble码偏移序号的选取策 略可以 4既括为:
在已有的用户数目一定的情况下使其 midamb le码的距离尽量远; 并且对新 增加的用户, 根据已有用户所选的训练序列和已有用户各信道的延时扩展量, 选最合适的 midamble码偏移序号。 下面, 以一个时隙中有一个基本码为例, 具体说明作为较佳实施例的三种 训练序列的生成方法, 其中 K表示最大工作用户数, it表示具体偏移序号, 选取 的周期基本码的周期为 P, midamb l e码的长度 :
( 1 )当同时工作用户数为 M< ^时,初始时, 的长度取为 If Ad
M。 工作过程中, 网络端根据各用户信道延迟扩展量的不同, 可以重新调整偏 移量 k=l , . . . , Μ, 使得信道延迟扩展量小的用户占用小的偏移量, 使 得信道延迟扩展量大的用户占用大的偏移量。 如果有用户退出, 则随后新增加' 的用户取代原用户的位置, 这是完全自适应的情况。
( 2 )当同时工作用户数为 Μ Κ时,各用户的 的长度是相同的,
Figure imgf000009_0001
,
M < K, 随着用户数的变化, 取值相应变化。 每个时隙中所配置的用户数可以通 过系统中的公共信道广播或采用其他方式通知各用户。
( 3 )为了实现的方便, 可以设置若干个等级, 每种等级对应一种用户数情 况, 相应分配固定的估计窗长度。 例如对于以 K/2个用户为界的两个等级, 当 用户数大于 时, W值取为 L / d , 当用户数小于 时, W值取为 |_2_P/ d 。 图 4给出最大用户数为 16, 但是当前实际用户数为 4情况下的一种自适应训 练序列的生成方法, 其中基本码 表示确定的序列, 可以釆用伪随机序列或者 通过计算机按一定要求搜索产生。 这时各用户的信道估计窗的长度自适应地选 为 4W, 而木是在 16个用户情况下的 W, 估计窗长度的加大, 对应于信道估计精 确性的提高。 根据上面的介绍, 我们可以确定当训练序列的长度固定后, 就可以根据时 隙中同时工作的用户数来确定信道冲激响应的长度, 同时得到各个用户相应的 训练序列。如: 如杲系统中每个突发中训练序列的长度为 144个数据比特或码片 (扩频系统中), 其中周期基本码的长度为 128个数据比特或码片, 同时如果每 个时隙中可同时工作的最大用户数为 16, 即最多可以有 16个用户同时工作在相 同的时隙中, 那么才艮据 =Ρ, W的值为 8 , 即用户 的训练序列和用户 - 1的 训练序列之间的移位为 8。 当然如果每个时隙中同时工作的用户数减半, 则可以 根据 ^=尸的关系, 不同用户之间训练序列的移位可以加倍。 如此类推, 用户 可以在性能和复杂度之间做一个折衷, 真正应用到实际系统中。
在实际系统中, 也可以采用不同的训练序列的生成策略, 也就是说在基站 生成训练序列时满足: (1)在已有的用户数目一定的情况下使其 midamble码的距 离尽量远。 (2) 对新增加的用户, 根据已有用户的延时。 选最合适的 midamble 码值赋予。 例如: 根据用户数的增加小于 8时, 新增加的用户, 依次取, 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15号 midamb le码; 其中若有用户退出, 则新增加的用户取原 退出的用户的 midamble码; 当用户超过 8时,新增加的用户取的 midarable码的序 号取在巳有用户中实际信道冲激响应长度 最短的用户的序号 + 1的 m i damb 1 e码 ( 设序号的增加跟移位的方向一致,实际的信道冲激响应长度 可以由信道估 计值直接得到), 直到 16个用户配置完为止。 另外一种方式是开始随用户增加的 用户取值依次为: 1 , 9 , 5 , 13, 3 , 7 , 11 , 15等, 这些都是训练序列生成方式 的例子。 该方法给出了适用于无线通信系统中的训练序列的生成方法, 尤其是适用 于目前第三代移动通信系统中的 WCDMA - TDD (宽带码分多址-时分双工) 、 TD - SCDMA (时分双工 -同步码分多址) 、 和 TD - CDMA (时分双工 -码分多址) 系统中的一种不同用户的训练序列的生成方法及选取方法。 采用本发明的方法 后, 可以做到最大限度地利用可利用的资源, 使得系统的性能和复杂度达到最 佳的折衷方式。
虽然本发明的技术方案主要针对码分多址的无线通信系统, 但是也同样适 用于采用类似传输结构的通信系统, 任何具有信号处理、 通信等知识背景的工 程师, 都可以才艮据本发明设计不同用户的训练序列。
本发明适用于通信环境较恶劣的移动通信系统中, 如车载移动台环境下, 使用于第三代移动通信系统中, 可以减小误码率, 提高系统接收信号的性能, 从而改善通信质量。
本发明并不仅限于 midamb le码的选取, 其可适用于任何基于训练序列的信 道估计中对训练序列的选取, 包括 preamb le码的选取。 并且适用于周期性基本 码或者非周期性基本码。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限 制本发明。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 信道估计中训练序列的生成方法, 其特征在于:
根据系统在特定时间突发中的实际工作状态 , 动态地确定从基本码中选取 训练序列时的偏移量, 由此生成训练序列并分配给该特定时间突发中的各个用 户, 或者直接该偏移量。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于在所述动态选取训练序列的同时, 使所述偏移量尽量长。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于所述的系统实际工作状态是指, 在该特定时间突发中的实际用户数和 /或在该特定时间突发以前的各个用户的 信道估计状态。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于所述的基本码是非周期基本码, 或者周期基本码。
5、 如权利要求 1所迷的方法, 其特征在于当同时工作用户 1 最大同时 工作用户数 K时, 各用户偏移量取为 LP/M丄 并且随着用户数的变化, 取值相应 变化。 .
6、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 设置若干个用户数等级, 每种 等级对应一种用户数情况, 相应分配固定的偏移量, 对应用户数少的等级, 其 相应分配的偏移量较长。
7、 如权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 或 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 工作过程中, 网络端根据各用户信道延迟扩展量的不同, 重新调整各个用户的偏移量, 使得 信道延迟扩展量小的用户占用小的偏移量, 使得信道延迟扩展量大的用户占用 大的偏移量; 在有用户退出的情况下, 随后新增加的用户取代原用户的位置。
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