WO2001085775A1 - Nouvelle proteine humaine associee aux tumeurs et sa sequence de codage - Google Patents
Nouvelle proteine humaine associee aux tumeurs et sa sequence de codage Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001085775A1 WO2001085775A1 PCT/CN2001/000559 CN0100559W WO0185775A1 WO 2001085775 A1 WO2001085775 A1 WO 2001085775A1 CN 0100559 W CN0100559 W CN 0100559W WO 0185775 A1 WO0185775 A1 WO 0185775A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4748—Tumour specific antigens; Tumour rejection antigen precursors [TRAP], e.g. MAGE
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of biotechnology, and specifically relates to a novel polynucleotide encoding a human liver cancer-related protein, and a polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide.
- the invention also relates to the use and preparation of such polynucleotides and polypeptides.
- the liver cancer-related protein of the present invention is a hepatocellular carcinoma inhibitory factor.
- liver cancer is one of the most common tumors in China.
- the occurrence of liver cancer is a complex process with multiple genes and multiple steps. It is the result of activation of multiple oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Among them, tumor suppressor genes are even more critical. Therefore, searching for tumor suppressor genes is one of the current research hotspots. If a certain tumor has a higher frequency of loss of heterozygosity in a certain segment of the chromosome, it indicates that this segment exists in the tumor suppressor gene associated with the tumor.
- the 17pl3.3 region of chromosome has high heterozygosity loss in many tumors. Therefore, many international laboratories are looking for tumor suppressor genes located in the chromosome 17pl3.3 region. So far, three possible tumor suppressor genes (Hic-I, OVCA1 and OVCA2) have been discovered. Hic-I is highly methylated in tumor tissues and has a reduced expression. OVCA1 and OVCA2 are reduced or not expressed in ovarian cancer or cell lines. All three genes are located near the YNZ22 locus of the chromosome.
- cancer is one of the main diseases that endanger human health.
- tumors such as liver cancer
- people have paid more and more attention to the early diagnosis and gene therapy of tumors. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art to develop new cancer-related and / or cancer suppressing human proteins and their agonists / inhibitors.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a novel liver cancer-related protein-human c63R protein polypeptide and fragments, analogs and derivatives thereof.
- Another object of the invention is to provide polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing these polypeptides and the use of the polypeptide and coding sequence.
- an isolated human c63R protein polypeptide which includes a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, or a conservative variant polypeptide thereof, or an active fragment thereof, or an activity derivative thereof. Thing.
- the polypeptide is a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- an isolated polynucleotide which comprises a nucleotide sequence that is at least 85% identical to a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of : (A) a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of claims 1 and 2; (b) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotide (a).
- the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide has an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; more preferably, the polynucleotide has a sequence selected from the group consisting of the coding region shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 Sequence or full-length sequence.
- a method for preparing a polypeptide that is associated with liver cancer-related C63R protein activity comprises: (a) culturing the transformed or transduced host cell under conditions suitable for protein expression; b) from culture
- an antibody that specifically binds to the above-mentioned liver cancer-related c63R protein polypeptide.
- Nucleic acid molecules that can be used for detection are also provided, which contain consecutive 10-800 nucleotides in the above-mentioned polynucleotides.
- a pharmaceutical composition which contains a safe and effective amount of the liver cancer-related c63R protein polypeptide of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- These pharmaceutical compositions can treat conditions such as cancer and abnormal cell proliferation.
- a method for detecting whether hepatocytes are cancerous or susceptible to cancerous changes which includes the steps of: detecting whether a C63R transcript in a liver cell sample is changed from a normal c63R transcript If there is a change, it means that the liver cell is cancerous or susceptible to cancer; or if there is a change in the activity of c63R protein in the liver cell sample compared with normal c63R protein, if there is a change, it means that the liver cell is cancerous or susceptible to cancer .
- the change is a nucleotide deletion or insertion substitution mutation.
- the change is selected from the group consisting of deletions of nucleotides 395-481 in SEQ ID NO: 1, deletions of nucleotides 328-1511 in SEQ ID NO: 1, and nucleotides 1143-1231 in SEQ ID NO: 1. Deletion, deletion of nucleotide 1325-1419 in SEQ ID NO: 1, mutation of nucleotide 1106 in SEQ ID NO: 1 from C to T, deletion of nucleotide 1048 in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- kits for detecting liver cancer which comprises: (1) a primer pair that specifically amplifies the human c63R gene, and (2) detecting whether the amplified product is compared with a normal C63R gene There are reagents required for the change.
- the markers used for genomic clone screening and the structure of contigs are shown above; the contigs of genomic clones covering HCCS1 are shown in the middle; the exons of the HCCS1 gene are shown below.
- Figure 2 shows the cellular localization of HCCS1.
- Figure 2a Fluorescent photograph of MH3T3 cells transfected with pEGF-HCCS1.
- Figure 2b Immunofluorescent staining of the cells in Figure 2a with anti-mitochondrial antibodies.
- Figure 2c Overlapping of photos 2a and 2b shows that HCCS1 is located in the mitochondria.
- FIG. 1 Results of immunohistochemical staining of human liver cancer cells and surrounding non-cancer cells.
- HCC liver cancer cells; HCC-liver cells.
- Figure 4 shows the effect of HCCS1 expression on cell growth.
- Figure 4A Colony formation of SMMC-7721 cells transfected with the vector pcDNA3.1 / V5-His
- Figure 4B Colony formation of SMMC-7721 cells transfected with the vector containing HCCS1
- Figure 4C Comparison of colony formation . The data were repeated 3 times, p ⁇ 0.01 compared with the empty vector.
- Figure 5 shows the effect of HCCS1 on tumor formation in nude mice. Compared to the GFP vector group (control), PO.01. Detailed description of the invention
- the inventor found that the heterozygous deletion range of the chromosome 17pl3.3 region is located from the YNZ22 site to the D17S34 site of the proximal telomere.
- the minimum hotspot deletion range was from D17S1574 to D17S849.
- the inventors performed gene cloning in this region, obtained the C63R gene located at the D17S849 site, and found that the c63R gene has deletions and decoding changes in liver cancer tissues, thereby confirming that the C63R gene is a liver cancer-related gene. Further experiments show that c63R gene is a hepatocellular carcinoma suppressor, so c63R is also called HCCS1 (Hepatocellular Carcinoma suppressor 1).
- HCCS1 is localized to mitochondria.
- HCCS1 was negatively expressed in liver cancer cells and positive in normal liver cells.
- Transfection of HCCS1 into liver cancer cells and nude mice can inhibit tumor cell growth and tumor formation.
- c63R protein c63R polypeptide
- HCCS1 protein HCCS1 polypeptide
- HCCS1 polypeptide hepatocellular carcinoma suppressor HCCS1
- a protein or polypeptide of the liver cancer-related protein c63R amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 2).
- the term also includes liver cancer-related protein c63R with or without the starting methionine.
- isolated refers to the separation of a substance from its original environment (if it is a natural substance, the original environment is the natural environment).
- polynucleotides and polypeptides in a natural state in a living cell are not isolated and purified, but the same polynucleotides or polypeptides are separated and purified if they are separated from other substances existing in the natural state. . .
- isolated liver cancer-related C63R protein or polypeptide and "isolated c63R protein or polypeptide” means that the liver cancer-related c63R protein polypeptide is substantially free of other proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, or other substances naturally associated with it.
- Those skilled in the art can purify the c63R protein using standard protein purification techniques. Substantially pure peptides can produce a single main band on a non-reducing polyacrylamide gel. The purity of c63R protein polypeptide can be analyzed by amino acid sequence.
- the polypeptide of the present invention may be a recombinant polypeptide, a natural polypeptide, or a synthetic polypeptide, and preferably a recombinant polypeptide.
- Polypeptides of the invention can be naturally purified products or chemically synthesized products, or can be produced from prokaryotic or eukaryotic hosts (e.g., bacteria, yeast, higher plants, insects, and mammalian cells) using recombinant techniques. Depending on the host used in the recombinant production protocol, the polypeptide of the invention may be glycosylated, or it may be non-glycosylated. Polypeptides of the invention may also include or exclude initial methionine residues.
- the invention also includes fragments, derivatives and analogs of human c63R protein associated with liver cancer.
- fragment refers to a polypeptide that substantially retains the same biological function or activity of the natural liver cancer-related human c63R protein of the invention.
- a polypeptide fragment, derivative or analog of the present invention may be (i) a polypeptide having one or more conservative or non-conservative amino acid residues (preferably conservative amino acid residues) substituted, and such substituted amino acid residues It may or may not be encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) a polypeptide having a substituent group in one or more amino acid residues, or (Hi) a mature polypeptide with another compound (such as a compound that extends the half-life of a polypeptide, such as (Polyethylene glycol), a polypeptide formed by fusion, or (iv) a polypeptide formed by fusing an additional amino acid sequence to the polypeptide sequence (such as a leader sequence or a secreted sequence or a sequence used to purify the polypeptide or a protein sequence).
- these fragments, derivatives and analogs are within the scope of those skilled in the art.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention may be in the form of DNA or RNA.
- DNA forms include cDNA, genomic DNA or synthetic DNA.
- DNA can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
- DNA can be coding or non-coding.
- the coding region sequence encoding a mature polypeptide may be the same as the coding region sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 or a degenerate variant.
- degenerate variant refers in the present invention to a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a protein having SEQ ID NO: 2, but which differs from the coding region sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- Polynucleotides encoding mature polypeptides include: coding sequences that only encode mature polypeptides; coding sequences for mature polypeptides and various additional coding sequences; coding sequences for mature polypeptides (and optional additional coding sequences); and non-coding sequences.
- the term "polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide" may include a polynucleotide that encodes the polypeptide, or a polynucleotide that also includes additional coding and / or non-coding sequences.
- the present invention also relates to a variant of the above-mentioned polynucleotide, which encodes a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as the present invention or fragments, analogs and derivatives of the polypeptide.
- Variants of this polynucleotide may be naturally occurring allelic variants or non-naturally occurring variants. These nucleotide variants include substitution variants, deletion variants, and insertion variants ⁇
- an allelic variant is an alternate form of a polynucleotide, it may be one or more nucleotides Substitutions, deletions, or insertions, but without substantially altering the function of the polypeptide it encodes.
- the present invention also relates to a polynucleotide that hybridizes to the sequence described above and has at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, and more preferably at least 80% identity between the two sequences.
- the present invention particularly relates to polynucleotides that can hybridize to the polynucleotides of the present invention under stringent conditions.
- “strict conditions” means: (1) hybridization and elution at lower ionic strength and higher temperature, such as 0.2 X SSC, 0.1% SDS, 60 ° C; or (2) during hybridization Added denaturant, such as 50% (v / v) formamide, 0.1% calf serum / 0.1% Ficoll, 42 ° C, etc .; or (3) the identity between the two sequences is at least 95% or more , More preferably, hybridization occurs only when it is above 97%.
- the polypeptide encoded by the hybridizable polynucleotide has the same biological function and activity as the mature polypeptide shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- nucleic acid fragment that hybridizes to the sequence described above.
- a "nucleic acid fragment” contains at least 15 nucleotides in length, preferably at least 30 nucleotides, more preferably at least 50 nucleotides, and most preferably at least 100 nucleotides.
- Nucleic acid fragments can be used in nucleic acid amplification techniques such as PCR to identify and / or isolate polynucleotides encoding the c63R protein.
- polypeptides and polynucleotides in the present invention are preferably provided in an isolated form and are more preferably purified to homogeneity. .
- DNA sequence of the present invention can be obtained by several methods.
- DNA is isolated using hybridization techniques well known in the art. These techniques include, but are not limited to: 1) hybridization of probes to genomic or cDNA libraries to detect homologous nucleotide sequences, and 2) antibody screening of expression libraries to detect cloned DNA fragments with common structural characteristics .
- the specific DNA fragment sequence encoding the c63R protein can also be obtained by: 1) separating the double-stranded DNA sequence from the genomic DNA; 2) chemically synthesizing the DNA sequence to obtain the double-stranded DNA of the desired polypeptide.
- genomic DNA isolation is the least commonly used.
- direct chemical synthesis of the DNA sequence is often the method of choice. If the entire sequence of the desired amino acid is unclear, direct chemical synthesis of the DNA sequence is not possible, and the method chosen is the isolation of the cDNA sequence.
- the standard method for isolating the cDNA of interest is to isolate inRNA from donor cells that overexpress the gene and perform reverse transcription to form a plasmid or phage cDNA library. There are many mature techniques for mRNA extraction, and kits are also commercially available (Qiagene;).
- cDNA libraries are also a common method (Sambrook, et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. New York, 1989).
- Commercially available cDNA libraries are also available, such as different cDNA libraries from Clontech. When combined with polymerase reaction technology, even very few expression products can be cloned. .
- the probe used for hybridization is homologous to any part of the polynucleotide of the present invention, and has a length of at least 15 nucleotides, preferably at least 30 nucleotides, more preferably At least 50 nucleotides, preferably at least 100 nucleotides.
- the length of the probe is usually within 2 kb, preferably within lkb.
- the probe used here is generally a DNA sequence chemically synthesized based on the DNA sequence information of the gene of the present invention.
- the genes or fragments of the present invention can of course be used as probes.
- DNA probes can be labeled with radioisotopes, luciferin, or enzymes (such as alkaline phosphatase).
- immunological techniques such as Western blotting, radioimmunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used to detect the protein product of the c63R protein gene expression.
- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- a method for amplifying DNA / RNA using a PCR technique is preferably used to obtain the gene of the present invention.
- the RACE method ACE-cDNA terminal rapid amplification method
- the primers used for PCR can be appropriately selected based on the sequence information of the present invention disclosed herein.
- the amplified DNA / RA fragment can be isolated and purified by conventional methods such as by gel electrophoresis.
- nucleotide sequence of the gene of the present invention or various DNA fragments and the like obtained as described above can be measured by a conventional method such as dideoxy chain termination method (Sanger et al. PNAS, 1977, 74: 5463-5467). Such nucleotide sequence determination can also be performed using commercial sequencing kits and the like. In order to obtain the full-length cDNA sequence, sequencing must be repeated. Sometimes it is necessary to determine the cDNA sequence of multiple clones in order to splice into a full-length cDNA sequence.
- the present invention also relates to a vector comprising the polynucleotide of the present invention, and a host cell genetically engineered using the vector or c63R protein coding sequence of the present invention, and a method for producing the polypeptide of the present invention by recombinant technology.
- the polynucleotide sequence of the present invention can be used to express or produce a recombinant c63R protein polypeptide by conventional recombinant DNA technology (Science, 1984; 224: 1431). Generally there are the following steps:
- a human c63R protein polynucleotide sequence related to liver cancer can be inserted into a recombinant expression vector.
- recombinant expression vector refers to bacterial plasmids, phages, yeast plasmids, plant cell viruses, mammalian cell viruses such as adenoviruses, retroviruses, or other vectors well known in the art.
- Vectors suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to: T7-based expression vectors expressed in bacteria (Rosenberg, et al. Gene, 1987, 56: 125); pMSXND expression vectors (Lee and Nathans, J Bio Chem.
- any plasmid and vector can be used as long as it can be replicated and stabilized in the host.
- An important feature of expression vectors is that they usually contain origins of replication, promoters, marker genes, and translation control elements.
- Methods known to those skilled in the art can be used to construct expression vectors containing the c63R protein-encoding DNA sequence and appropriate transcription / translation control signals. These methods include in vitro recombinant DNA technology, DNA synthesis technology, and in vivo recombination technology (Sambroook, et al. Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual, cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. New York, 1989).
- the DNA sequence can be operably linked to an appropriate promoter in an expression vector to guide mR A synthesis. Representative examples of these promoters are: lac or trp promoter of E.
- the expression vector also includes a ribosome binding site for translation initiation and a transcription terminator.
- the expression vector preferably contains one or more selectable marker genes to provide phenotypic traits for selection of transformed host cells, such as dihydrofolate reductase, neomycin resistance, and green for eukaryotic cell culture.
- selectable marker genes to provide phenotypic traits for selection of transformed host cells, such as dihydrofolate reductase, neomycin resistance, and green for eukaryotic cell culture.
- GFP fluorescent protein
- tetracycline or ampicillin resistance for E. coli.
- a vector containing the above-mentioned appropriate DNA sequence and an appropriate promoter or control sequence can be used to transform an appropriate host cell so that it can express a protein.
- the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell; or a lower eukaryotic cell, such as a yeast cell; or a higher eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell.
- a prokaryotic cell such as a bacterial cell
- a lower eukaryotic cell such as a yeast cell
- a higher eukaryotic cell such as a mammalian cell.
- Representative examples are: Escherichia coli, Streptomyces; bacterial cells of Salmonella typhimurium; fungal cells such as yeast; plant cells; insect cells of Drosophila S2 or Sf9; animal cells of CHO, COS or Bowes melanoma cells.
- Enhancers are cis-acting factors of DNA, usually about 10 to 300 base pairs, which act on promoters to enhance gene transcription.
- Illustrative examples include SV40 enhancers of 100 to 270 base pairs on the late side of the origin of replication, polyoma enhancers on the late side of the origin of replication, and adenoviral enhancers.
- Transformation of host cells with recombinant DNA can be performed using conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the host is a prokaryote, such as E. coli
- competent cells capable of absorbing DNA can be harvested after the exponential growth phase and treated with the CaCl 2 method. The steps used are well known in the art. Alternatively, MgCl 2 is used. If necessary, transformation can also be performed by electroporation.
- the following DNA transfection methods can be used: calcium phosphate co-precipitation method, conventional mechanical methods such as microinjection, electroporation, and liposome packaging.
- the obtained transformants can be cultured by a conventional method and express the polypeptide encoded by the gene of the present invention.
- the medium used in the culture can be selected from various conventional mediums. Culture is performed under conditions suitable for host cell growth. After the host cells have grown to an appropriate cell density, the selected promoter is induced by a suitable method (such as temperature conversion or chemical induction), and the cells are cultured for a period of time.
- the recombinant polypeptide in the above method may be coated intracellularly, extracellularly, or expressed on a cell membrane or secreted extracellularly. If necessary, recombinant proteins can be separated and purified by various separation methods using their physical, chemical and other properties. These methods are well known to those skilled in the art. Examples of these methods include, but are not limited to: conventional renaturation, treatment with a protein precipitant (salting out method), centrifugation, osmotic disruption, ultratreatment, ultracentrifugation, molecular sieve chromatography (gel filtration), adsorption layer Analysis, ion exchange chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and various other liquid chromatography techniques and combinations of these methods.
- the recombinant liver cancer-related human C63R egg S or polypeptide of the present invention has many uses. These uses include (but are not limited to): direct use as a drug to treat diseases caused by hypofunction or loss of C63R protein (such as liver cancer), and for screening Antibodies, polypeptides or other ligands that promote or counteract c63R protein function. For example, antibodies can be used to activate or inhibit the function of the c63R protein. Screening the peptide library using the expressed recombinant c63R protein can be used to find therapeutic peptide molecules that can inhibit or stimulate the function of c63R protein.
- the invention also provides methods for screening drugs to identify agents that increase (agonist) or suppress (antagonist) c63R protein.
- mammalian cells or a membrane preparation expressing c63R protein can be cultured with the labeled c63R protein in the presence of a drug. The ability of the drug to increase or block this interaction is then determined.
- Antagonists of c63R protein include antibodies, compounds, receptor deletions, and the like that have been screened. C63R protein.
- the antagonist can bind to c63R protein and eliminate its function, or inhibit the production of c63R protein, or bind to the active site of the polypeptide so that the polypeptide cannot perform biological functions. Antagonists of the c63R protein are useful for therapeutic use.
- c63R proteins can be added to bioanalytical assays to determine whether a compound is an antagonist by measuring the effect of the compound on the interaction between the c63R protein and its receptor. In the same manner as described above for the screening of compounds, it is possible to screen for receptor deletions and analogs that act as antagonists.
- the polypeptide of the present invention can be directly used for the treatment of diseases, for example, various malignant tumors and abnormal proliferation of cells, etc., especially for the treatment of liver cancer.
- polypeptides of the present invention and fragments, derivatives, analogs or cells thereof can be used as antigens to produce antibodies.
- These antibodies can be polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies.
- Polyclonal antibodies can be obtained by directly injecting the polypeptide into animals. Techniques for preparing monoclonal antibodies include hybridoma technology, triple tumor technology, human B-cell hybridoma technology, and EBV-hybridoma technology.
- the polypeptides and antagonists of the present invention can be used in combination with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier.
- suitable pharmaceutical carrier can be water, glucose, ethanol, salts, buffers, glycerol, and combinations thereof.
- the composition comprises a safe and effective amount of the polypeptide or antagonist, and carriers and excipients that do not affect the effect of the drug. These compositions can be used as drugs for the treatment of diseases.
- the present invention also provides a kit or kit containing one or more containers containing one or more ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
- containers containing one or more ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
- the polypeptides of the invention can be used in combination with other therapeutic compounds.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be administered in a convenient manner, such as by a topical, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal or intradermal route of administration.
- the c63R protein is administered in an amount effective to treat and / or prevent a specific indication.
- the amount and dose range of c63R protein administered to a patient will depend on many factors, such as the mode of administration, the health conditions of the person to be treated, and the judgment of the diagnostician.
- the c63R protein polynucleotide can also be used for a variety of therapeutic purposes.
- Gene therapy technology can be used to treat abnormal cell proliferation, development, or metabolism caused by the non-expression of c63R protein or abnormal / inactive C63R protein expression.
- Recombinant gene therapy vectors (such as viral vectors) can be designed to express mutated c63R protein to inhibit endogenous c63R protein activity.
- a mutated c63R protein may be a shortened c63R protein that lacks a signaling domain, and although it can bind to downstream substrates, it lacks signaling activity. Therefore, recombinant gene therapy vectors can be used to treat diseases caused by abnormal expression or activity of C63R protein.
- Viral-derived expression vectors such as retrovirus, adenovirus, adenovirus-associated virus, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus, etc. can be used to transfer the C63R protein gene into cells.
- Method c63R construct recombinant viral vectors carrying the gene can be found in existing literature (Sambrook, e t al.) .
- Recombinant c63R egg White genes can be packaged into liposomes and transferred into cells.
- Oligonucleotides including antisense RA and DNA
- ribozymes that inhibit c63R protein mRNA are also within the scope of the present invention.
- a ribozyme is an enzyme-like RNA molecule that can specifically decompose specific RNA. Its mechanism of action is that the ribozyme molecule specifically hybridizes with a complementary target RNA and performs endonucleation.
- Antisense RNA, DNA, and ribozymes can be obtained by any existing RNA or DNA synthesis technology, such as the solid-phase phosphate amide chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides has been widely used.
- Antisense RNA molecules can be obtained by in vitro or in vivo transcription of a DNA sequence encoding the RNA.
- This DNA sequence has been integrated downstream of the RNA polymerase promoter of the vector.
- it can be modified in a variety of ways, such as increasing the sequence length on both sides, and the linkage between ribonucleosides using phosphate thioester or peptide bonds instead of phosphodiester bonds.
- Methods for introducing a polynucleotide into a tissue or cell include: injecting the polynucleotide directly into a tissue in vivo; or introducing the polynucleotide into a cell via a vector (such as a virus, phage, or plasmid) in vitro Then, the cells are transplanted into the body.
- a vector such as a virus, phage, or plasmid
- polypeptide of the present invention can also be used for peptide mapping analysis.
- the polypeptide can be specifically cleaved by physical, chemical or enzymatic analysis, and subjected to one-dimensional or two-dimensional or three-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis.
- the invention also provides antibodies against the c63R protein epitope. These antibodies include (but are not limited to): Doklon antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antibodies, single chain antibodies, Fab fragments, and fragments produced by Fab expression libraries.
- Anti-c63R protein antibodies can be used in immunohistochemical techniques to detect c63R protein in biopsy specimens. Monoclonal antibodies that bind to c63R protein can also be labeled with radioisotopes and injected into the body to track their location and distribution. This radiolabeled antibody can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic method to locate tumor cells and determine whether there is metastasis.
- the antibodies of the present invention can be used to treat or prevent diseases related to c63R protein.
- Administration of appropriate doses of antibodies can stimulate or block c63R protein production or activity.
- Antibodies can also be used to design immunotoxins that target a particular part of the body.
- c63R protein high affinity monoclonal antibodies can covalently bind to bacterial or plant toxins (such as diphtheria toxin, ricin, ormosine, etc.).
- a common method is to attack the amino group of an antibody with a thiol cross-linking agent such as SPDP and bind the toxin to the antibody through the exchange of disulfide bonds.
- This hybrid antibody can be used to kill c63R protein-positive cells.
- Polyclonal antibodies can be produced by immunizing animals such as rabbits, mice, and rats with c63R proteins or peptides.
- adjuvants can be used to enhance the immune response, including but not limited to Freund's adjuvants.
- the c63R protein monoclonal antibody can be produced by hybridoma technology (KoMer and Milstein. Nature, 1975, 256: 495-497). Chimeric antibodies that bind human constant and non-human variable regions can be produced using existing techniques (Morrison et al, PNAS, 1985, 81: 6851). Existing techniques for producing single-chain antibodies (US Pat No. .4946778) can also be used to produce single-chain antibodies against c63R protein.
- Polypeptide molecules capable of binding to the C63R protein can be obtained by screening a random peptide library composed of various possible combinations of amino acids bound to a solid phase. During screening, the C63R protein molecule must be labeled.
- the invention also relates to a diagnostic test method for quantitative and localized detection of c63R protein levels.
- tests are well known in the art and include FISH assays and radioimmunoassays.
- the level of c63R protein detected in the test can be used to explain the importance of C63R protein in various diseases and to diagnose diseases in which C63R protein plays a role.
- the c63R protein polynucleotide can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of c63R protein-related diseases, especially liver cancer. In terms of diagnosis, the polynucleotide of c63R protein can be used to detect the expression of c63R protein or to detect the abnormal expression of C63R protein in a disease state.
- the C63R protein DNA sequence can be used to hybridize biopsy specimens to determine the abnormal expression of c63R protein.
- Hybridization techniques include Southern blotting, Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, and the like. These techniques and methods are publicly available and mature, and related kits are commercially available.
- Some or all of the polynucleotides of the present invention can be used as probes to be fixed on a microarray or a DNA chip (also referred to as a "gene chip") for analyzing differential expression analysis and gene diagnosis of genes in tissues.
- the c63R protein-specific primers can also be used to detect the c63R protein transcripts by in vitro amplification of RNA-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
- Detection of mutations in the c63R protein gene can also be used to diagnose c63R protein-related diseases (especially liver cancer).
- the c63R protein mutations include point mutations, translocations, deletions, recombinations, and any other abnormalities compared to the normal wild-type c63R protein DNA sequence (such as the normal sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1). Mutations can be detected using existing techniques such as Southern blotting, DNA sequence analysis, PCR and in situ hybridization. In addition, mutations may affect protein expression, so Northern blotting and Western blotting can be used to indirectly determine whether a gene is mutated.
- the full-length nucleotide sequence of the c63R protein of the present invention or a fragment thereof can usually be obtained by a PCR amplification method, a recombinant method, or an artificial synthesis method.
- primers can be designed according to the relevant nucleotide sequences publicly known in the present invention, especially open reading frame sequences, and prepared using commercially available cDNA libraries or prepared according to conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the cDNA library was used as a template to amplify the relevant sequences. When the sequence is long, it is often necessary to perform two or more PCR amplifications, and then stitch the amplified fragments together in the correct order.
- the recombination method can be used to obtain the relevant sequences in large quantities. This is usually done by cloning it into a vector, transferring it into a cell, and then isolating the relevant sequence from the proliferated host cell by conventional methods.
- relevant methods can also be synthesized by artificial synthesis, especially when the fragment length is short.
- long fragments can be obtained by synthesizing multiple small fragments first and then concatenating them.
- the DNA sequence encoding the protein (or a fragment, or a derivative thereof) of the present invention can be completely synthesized by chemical synthesis. This DNA sequence can then be introduced into various DNA molecules (e.g., vectors) and cells in the art. In addition, mutations can also be introduced into the protein sequences of the invention by chemical synthesis.
- the c63R protein of the present invention has a natural amino acid sequence derived from humans, it is expected to have higher activity and / or lower side effects when administered to humans compared to homologous proteins derived from other species (Eg, less or not immunogenic in humans).
- the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.
- the experimental methods without specific conditions in the following examples are usually performed according to the conventional conditions such as Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: Laboratory Manual (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989), or according to the manufacturer Suggested conditions.
- Example 1 Determination of the range of loss of heterozygosity of the 3 chromosome 17pl3 region in liver cancer:
- the heterozygous deletion analysis of the liver cancer tissue is performed by selecting a polymorphic marker of the 17pl3.3 region of the chromosome to determine the deletion range and the minimum hotspot deletion range.
- LOH was detected by Southern blot analysis on VNTR (variable number of tandem repeat) and RFLP probes. After 10ug of DNA from liver cancer and adjacent tissues were digested with appropriate restriction enzymes, electrophoresis was performed at 25V for 13 hours and transferred to hybond-N membrane (Amersham). The YNZ22 probe was donated by Hu Ying from Shanghai Medical University. The 144D6 and YNH37.3 probes were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). cCI17- 708 and cCI17- 680 were donated by Dr. Nakamura. Probes were labeled with [ ⁇ - 32 P] dATP using random primers. The site names of the probes and the restriction enzymes used for digestion are listed in Table 1.
- the YNZ22.1, 144D6, and YNH37.3 probes were hybridized overnight at 42 V with a conventional hybridization solution containing 50% formamide.
- the pre-hybridization solution is 50% formamide, 5 X SSC, 0.5% SDS, 10 X Denhardfs solution, 250ug / ml human placental DNA, and pre-hybridize at 42 ° C 24 Hours, except that the 10X Denhardfs solution was replaced with 10% dextran sulfate, and the remaining components were the same as the pre-hybridization solution and hybridized overnight at 42 ° C.
- Microsatellite marker analysis was performed in a 12.5ul reaction volume.
- the reaction contained luM PCR primers, 25n g tissue DNA, 200uM dNTP, 50mM KCI, 10mM Tris (pH9. 0), 1.5mM MgCl 2 0.625U Taq DNA. Polymerase (Promega).
- the microsatellite marker site names and annealing temperatures are listed in Table 1.
- the PCR reaction was performed according to the procedure of denaturation at 97 ° C for 4 minutes, 94 ° C ⁇ , appropriate annealing temperature 1 ', 72 ° C 1', 30 cycles, and 72 ° C extension 10 '.
- the products were examined by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis.
- [r- 32 P] ATP labeled one of the primers In a 5ul PCR reaction volume, labeled lpmol primers, 1ul of the above PCR product, and 0.25U Taq DNA polymerase were used, except that the PCR reaction was performed in 4 cycles, and the remaining components and reaction conditions were the same as above. After the PCR products were denatured, they were separated and compressed on a 6% denatured polyacrylamide gel, and the LOH results were observed.
- the L0H of 21 samples near the telomere D17S34 was detected, and 8 of the 12 heterozygotes showed L0H with a frequency of 67%, and it was particularly noticeable that all the samples with Y0 at the YNZ22 locus were in The D17S34 site has L0H (except homozygotes). Is it possible that the deletion range of 17pl3.3 in liver cancer samples is at least from the YNZ22 site to the D17S34 site of the proximal telomere. Based on this consideration, 14 markers around two points were selected to further detect the LOH of each marker in liver cancer samples.
- results The eight markers located between D17S34 and D17S5 loci were higher in liver cancer samples, while the three markers located near the centromere in D17S5 had lower or no L0H. This confirms our speculation that the deletion of the liver cancer sample in the chromosome 17pl3.3 region ranges from the D17S34 to D17S5 sites. Among them, D17S926 mark detected 22 samples, 10 heterozygotes showed L0H, and the frequency was 100%. The sample with L0H at YNZ22 also showed L0H at this site (except homozygotes).
- liver cancer samples have D17S34 and D17S1866 near the telomere.
- No LOH, NO. 34 HCC samples also had no L0H at the D17S34, D17S1866 and D17S849 sites in the proximal telomere direction.
- the two liver cancer samples were homozygous for L0H at all sites between D17S849 and D17S1574. Therefore, the minimum hotspot deletion range for the liver cancer sample in the chromosome 17pl3.3 region is from D17S849 to D17S1574.
- the primer sequence of D17s926 was obtained from Genbank,
- the phage solution of the cDNA library was plated into 30 plates (diameter of 150 bands) per plate of 50,000 pfu, and incubated at 41 ° C for 3-5 hours until the plaque diameter was 0.5 mm and the adjacent plaques were not combined, Remove the plate from the incubator and let it stand at 4 ° C for at least 1 hour. Take out the plate from the refrigerator and place the nitrocellulose filter (Hybond-C Amersham LIFE Science) on the plate gently at room temperature. Use a syringe with carbon ink to make 4 points to set the direction. (0.5 mol Na0H-1.5 mol NaCl), neutralize for 5 minutes (1 mol Tris-HCl pH 7. 4, 1.5 mol NaCl) and transfer to 6xSSC for a little soaking, put it on 3MM filter paper to dry, and then bake the film at 80 ° C 2 hours.
- the membrane was hybridized at 65-68 V for 6-8 hours in the pre-hybridization solution.
- the pre-hybridization solution contains the following components: 6xSSC, 5xDenhart's, 0.5% SDS, denatured fish sperm DNA 200ug / ml, denatured placental DNA 100ug / ml, and mixed DNA ( ⁇ DNA5.8, ⁇ DNA 7.3, and PBR plasmid DNA, (30 ug / ml each).
- the labeled 300ul probe solution was added with Cot-1 DNA, 1mg mixed DNA, 50ug each, 20xSSC 250ul, boiled at 100 ° C for 15 minutes and placed on ice for 10 minutes, and 60-65 ° C water bath was blocked for 20 minutes, placed on ice for 20 minutes, added In a prehybridization solution with a membrane, hybridize at 65-68 V for 16-24 hours. After the hybridization is completed, the hybridization solution is discarded, and the membrane is rinsed twice with a pre-warmed 2xSSC -0.1% SDS solution at 42 ° C for 10 minutes each time, and washed and detected with an isotope detector while adjusting the time and time of washing After washing, autoradiography was performed.
- 150ul taken phage expansion board added 1ml lOmM M g S0 4 Y1090 bacteria treated 37 ° C for 15 minutes, add 40ml LB (containing 1/100 0. 5M CaC12) 37 ° C , until the liquid is strongly shaken by a turbid Clear (3 hours or so), add 1ml of chloroform, shake at 37 ° C for 20 minutes, centrifuge at 4000rpm for 10 minutes, add 50ul of RNase A / DNase solution at 37 ° C, incubate for 1 hour at 4 ° C, and then centrifuge at 1000rpm x10 minutes, the supernatant was subjected to ultracentrifugation, 27000rpm x 70 minutes.
- the c63R clone was dideoxy-terminated, and the sequences at both ends were determined on an ABI 337 DNA sequencer. Primers were designed based on the obtained sequence and sequenced again until a full-length sequence was obtained, totaling 2132bp. Further analysis revealed that the 54Bp at the 5 'end was the sequence on the vector, so the full-length sequence was 2078bp as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, where the coding reading frame is located at positions 56-2077.
- the full length of the encoded c63R protein is 673 amino acids, and the sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. A combined arrangement of a nucleic acid sequence and an amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- Example 5 Obtaining gene clones from human liver cDNA by PCR method:
- LV-RT-Superscript II (GIBCO BRL) was used to perform reverse transcription recording at 42 ° to perform reverse transcription reaction to obtain placental cDNA.
- Specific primers c63R-1 of the following gene-coding frames were synthesized: atgatggaggaggaggaga (SEQ ID NO: 5); c63R-2: gttgtcacggatgatggg (SEQ ID NO: 6).
- the c63R fragment was digested and isolated from the c63R recombinant plasmid, and probe labeled with a 32 P-dATP according to the kit (Megaprime DNA Labelling System, Amersham) according to the instructions. Hybridization with a multi-tissue mRNA patch (Biochain) showed three hybridization bands, all of which were expressed in multiple tissues.
- Example 7 Changes of the C63R gene in liver cancer tissues:
- C63R-a-PF CGGGTGGCGGAATGATG (SEQ ID NO: 7)
- C63R- a- PR CTCCACCCCCATCTACCA (SEQ ID NO: 8)
- C63R-b-PR CAAAACGCTTCTCCGGC (SEQ ID NO: 10)
- C63R-C-PR ACAACCCCGTGGCTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 12)
- C63R-d-PR CAAGCAGAACGTCCCCAT (SEQ ID NO: 14)
- C63R-C-SR CCAAGACAAGAACCTCGGA (SEQ ID NO: 17)
- C63R-a-PF and C63R-a-PR Using C63R-a-PF and C63R-a-PR, C63R-c-PF and C63R-c-PR as primers, cDNA as template, denaturation at 94 ° C for 3 minutes, one cycle; denaturation at 94 ° C for 30 seconds, Anneal at 60 ° C for 30 seconds, 72 ° C extension for 1 minute, 35 cycles; 72 ° C extension for 10 minutes for the first PCR.
- C63R- b- PF and C63R- b- PR, C63R- d-PF and C63R- d- PR were used as primers respectively, and the second nested PCR was performed according to the above procedure to obtain PCR products.
- PCR products using C63R-b-PF and C63R-b-PR as primers were sequenced using C63R-b-PF, C63R-a-SR, C63R-b-SR, and C63R-b-PR as primers.
- PCR products using C63R-d-PF and C63R-d-PR as primers were sequenced using C63R-d-PF, C63R-C-SR, C63R-d-SR and C63R-d-PR as primers.
- liver cancer samples 3, 12, 25, 28, 33, and G11 were deleted in nt341-427, while the corresponding adjacent tissues were not deleted.
- Liver cancer samples 28 were deleted at ntl274-1457. No corresponding cancerous tissue was missing.
- Liver cancer sample 31 is missing at ntl090-1177.
- No corresponding cancerous tissue was missing.
- Liver cancer sample x31 was missing at ntl271_1365.
- No corresponding cancerous tissue was missing.
- the liver cancer sample G11 was mutated from C to T at ntl052, and the corresponding amino acid was mutated from Arg to Cys.
- Liver cancer sample G4 lost T at nt994, causing a frameshift mutation.
- the liver cancer sample GT12 lacked ntl612—1769, which caused a frameshift mutation.
- c63R gene is a liver cancer-related gene, and mutations such as deletion, insertion, and replacement of the c63R gene are associated with liver cancer. These changes may cause the c63R protein to be inactive or too low in liver cells, and eventually lead to liver cancer directly or indirectly.
- Example 8 Genomic Structure and Cell Localization of HCCS1
- HCCS1 has a total of 18 exons and spans a genome sequence of about 200 kb ( Figure 1).
- the HCCS1-GFP fusion gene was cloned into the pEGFP-Nl vector, and the HCCS1-GFP plasmid (pEGF-HCCS1) DNA was transferred into the human SMMC7721 cell line and mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Fluorescence analysis showed that there were dot-like distribution regions in the cytoplasm of the two cell types, and And these distribution regions overlap with the staining regions of mitochondrial monoclonal antibody 113-1 (NeoMarkers, Fremont, CA), which indicates that the HCCS1 fusion protein is located in the mitochondria ( Figure 3).
- Example 9 immunohistochemical analysis
- HCC and non-cancer tissues were fixed in 10% formalin in 10 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.2).
- Paraffin sections (4 ⁇ m) were mounted on glass slides coated with poly-L-lysine and dried at 50 ° C overnight.
- the mouse anti-HCCS1 antibody was diluted 1: 200 in 5% normal sheep serum in PBS, and then incubated at room temperature for 30 molecules. After rinsing 3 times (5 minutes each) with PBS, the sections were coated with DAKO EnVision TM + System, HP (DAB), Mouse, Ready-to-use detection system (DAKO Corp., Carpinteria, CA, USA) 30 minutes. Sections were developed in Substrate-Chromogen Solution (DAB), counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin, and observed.
- DAB Substrate-Chromogen Solution
- liver cancer cells HCC
- HC liver cells
- the HCCS1 cDNA was inserted into the pcDNA3.1 / V5-His vector (Invitrogen). According to the manufacturer's instructions, this construct was transfected into SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells (3 X 10 4 ) with LipofectAMINE reagent (repeat 3 times). An empty vector was used as a control. After 14 days of selection with G418 (800 mg / ml), clones were stained and counted.
- HCCS1 cDNA or empty vector were collected and resuspended in PBS. 200 microliters of cells (3.7xl0 6) subcutaneously in 5-6 week old male BALB / c nude mice on the right side. The experimental group and the control group each had 6 mice. After 5 weeks, the mice were killed and the tumors were excised and weighed.
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WO1996027609A1 (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 1996-09-12 | Fox Chase Cancer Center | Novel gene associated with suppression of tumor development |
WO2000037492A2 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-29 | Eli Lilly And Company | Human hepatoma-derived growth factor homologous (huhdgfh) ____ |
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WO2003104276A3 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2005-03-31 | Oncotherapy Science Inc | GENES AND POLYPEPTIDES RELATED TO HEPATOCELLULAR OR COLORECTAL CARCINOMA |
US8124341B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2012-02-28 | Oncotherapy Science, Inc. | Genes and polypeptides relating to hepatocellular or colorectal carcinoma |
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