Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
  • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
  • G21F3/04—Bricks; Shields made up therefrom

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a radiation shield when working in a radiant zone, said shield comprising a screen of a radiation-protective material.
• the invention also relates to a method of protecting an operator against radiation by means of the shield.
• Radiation is used to an increasing extent in various processes, for instance such processes as are carried out in medical establishments.
• Examples of such radiation are X-ray radiation, radioactive radiation and laser radiation.
• X-ray examination of a patient where an operator is present during the actual radiation is X-ray examination of a patient where an operator is present during the actual radiation.
• Operator relates throughout this specification to all occupational categories which can be exposed to radiation when working, such as X-ray physician, X-ray nurse, ra- diologist, X-ray assistant and medical technician.
• the operator can see the X-ray pictures directly on a TV screen.
• the operator may want to handle the patient during examination. For instance, it is becoming more and more common for operations to be carried out by the operator during simultaneous X-ray radiation.
• the operator then operates on the patient based on the live X-ray pictures on the TV screen.
• One drawback is that the operator must stand close to the patient for a long time to be able to perform the opera- tion using his hands, which causes the operator to be exposed to a great radiation dose.
• the radiation dose originates to a great extent from X-ray radiation which is reflected in all directions from the patient and retroreflects on the operator. The most exposed parts of the operator are his thighs, trunk, chest and head.
• US 4,965,456 discloses a radiation shield which is mounted on a rollable stand. The operator stands behind the radiation shield and moves the entire rollable stand when he wants to change position.
• US 4,280,056 discloses a radiation shield which is movable along a treatment table. The operator can also insert his hands into a narrow gap under the actual shield.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a radiation shield, for instance for use in X-ray radiation with simultaneous treatment, which makes it possible for an operator to easily change position along a radiant zone, to be free to move his hands in the radiant zone and at the same time obtain good protection against radiation coming from the radiant zone both straight and obliquely from the front.
• the invention also relates to a method of protecting an operator against radiation by means of a shield according to the invention.
• the inventive shield has a screen of a radiation- protective material .
• the screen has at least two essentially vertically arranged sheets, which are relatively displaceable in the lateral direction along an essentially common plane, in such manner that an opening forms, through which opening work in the radiant zone can be carried out .
• the operator can thus easily on every occasion adjust the shield for maximum protection against radiation when working in the radiant zone, for instance when working using his one hand or both hands, working using various instruments, working in different positions in the radiant zone and in other work situations.
• the shield has a radiation-protective top which is fixed to the upper portion of the screen. The radiation-protective top protects the operator's chest, neck and face against radiation.
• the radiation-protective top is preferably pivotable about an axis extending horizontally along the upper portion of the screen. This means that the radiation- protective top can be adjusted for maximum protection in the current work situation. It is also possible to tempo- rarily turn away the radiation-protective top to be able to carry out certain operations in the radiant zone. It is a special advantage that, if parts of analysing equipment (e.g. a video recorder or camera for X-ray examinations) come into contact with the radiation-protective top, it will be possible to turn the top aside, thereby preventing damage to the analysing equipment.
• analysing equipment e.g. a video recorder or camera for X-ray examinations
• the radiation-protective top is preferably made of a transparent material. This has the advantage that the operator can stand behind the shield and look down in the radiant zone through the radiation-protective top. Thus the operator can perform operations in the radiant zone, his hands inserted through the above-mentioned opening, and at the same time see through the radiation-protective top what he is doing. It is particularly preferred to make the radiation- protective top of lead glass or lead acrylic. Both materials provide excellent protection against radiation. Lead acrylic has the further advantage that it is not susceptible to shocks.
• the sheets are suitably supported by a frame, which is provided with at least one horizontal groove.
• the sheets are laterally displaceable in said groove.
• the frame is attachable to bars of an examination table.
• the possibility of placing the frame on the examination table allows the sheets to be relatively low, which significantly reduces their weight and makes them easier to handle.
• the sheets are made of lead sheets coated with plastic. These sheets provide excellent protection against radiation even if they have a relatively small thickness. This results in the sheets not being bulky, which makes the entire screen compact.
• the coating with plastic makes the sheets hygienic and easy to clean.
• the sheets coated with plastic also have low friction and slide easily in the above- mentioned groove.
• the sheets are made of a transparent material . This has the advantage that the operator with maintained protection can look into the radiant zone also from the side.
• Especially suitable materials are the above-mentioned mate- rials lead acrylic and lead glass.
• the sheets are made of a flexible material, for instance lead vinyl or lead rubber, which protects against radiation.
• a flexible material for instance lead vinyl or lead rubber
• Fig. 1 is an overall view and shows two operators at an X-ray table which is provided with a shield according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 is a side view in cross-section and shows a shield according to the invention.
• Fig. 3 is a top plan view in cross-section and shows a shield in three different positions.
• Fig. 4 is a perspective view and shows a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 5 is a perspective view and shows another preferred embodiment of the invention. Description of Preferred Embodiments
• Fig. 1 shows two shields 1 which are slidingly mounted on an X-ray table 2.
• the shield 1 protects two operators, one radiologist 3 and one assistant 4, against
• X-ray radiation reflected from a patient 5 X-ray radiation reflected from a patient 5.
• a picture recorder 6 is located, which is placed between the shields 1, for recording X-ray pictures .
• the operators 3, 4 insert their hands 7 through openings 8 in the shield 1 and can thus work with the patient 5.
• radiation-protective curtains 9 of lead rubber are suspended, which protect the operators' 3, 4 legs and thighs.
• the X- ray table 2 is vertically adjustable by means of a telescopic support 10.
• the shield 1 has three parallel sheets 13, 14, 15.
• the sheets 13, 14, 15 are made of lead lamellae coated with plastic and can at their lower edges slide in grooves 16, 17, 18 which are formed in a first aluminium section 19. At their upper edges the sheets 13, 14, 15 can slide in grooves 20, 21, 22 which are formed in a second aluminium section 23.
• the first section 19 has a lower recess 24 in which the bar 11 fits.
• the recess 24 is internally provided with nylon rulers for the shield 1 to be fitted with low friction on the bar 11.
• a specially formed opening 27 is arranged in the upper portion 26 of the second section 23 .
• the opening 27 is formed in such manner that a holder section 28 of alu- minium can be snapped into the same to a horizontally pivotable, hinge-like position.
• a radiation-protective top 29 is fixed to the upper portion of the holder section 28.
• the radiation-protective top 29 is made of lead glass and can, as shown by an arrow in Fig. 2, be pivoted between an angled position where it is inclined over the X-ray radiant zone 12, and a vertical position.
• the radiation-protective top 29 is angled towards the X-ray radiant zone 12, it affords a better general view of the patient 5 and better protection against radiation than in the case where it is vertically oriented.
• the first section 19 and the second section 23 are held together by two vertical end sections 30 and 30'.
• the sections 19, 23, 30, 30' thus constitute a frame 31.
• the sheets 13, 14, 15 form the actual screen 31'.
• Fig. 3 shows three basic positions A, B, C for the shield 1 (the operator 3 indicated in Fig. 3 is relevant only in connection with position B) . Between these basic positions, the possibilities of adjustment are practically unlimited.
• the sheets 13, 13', 14, 14', 15, 15' have edge sections 32 at their vertical lateral edges.
• the edge sections 32 hook into each other, whereby the sheets 13, 14, 15 form a first sheet package 33 and the sheets 13', 14', 15' form a second sheet package 34. Owing to the edge sections 32, the sheets 13, 14, 15 in a certain package 33 cannot slide apart but form a radiation-protective collapsible wall with more or less over- lapping sheets 13, 14, 15.
• the operator 3 In position B, the operator 3 has moved the packages 33, 34 together in the middle of the shield 1. The operator 3 puts his hands 7 through the openings 8 formed and can work in the X-ray radiant zone 12.
• the packages 33, 34 protect the operator's 3 chest 35 against X-ray radiation. Since the three sheets 13, 14, 15 and respectively 13', 14', 15' overlap each other, the radiation shield over the chest 35 will be three times thicker compared with the case where only one sheet 13, 13', 14, 14', 15, 15' protects the operator 3.
• Fig. 4 shows an element 36 which is made of a shield 1 according to the invention. According to the number of operators 3, 4, the length of the X-ray table 2 and the work to be done, one or more such elements 36 can be attached slidingly or fixedly to the bars 11 of the X-ray table 2. The number of sheets 13, 14, 15 in the element 36 is selected with regard to the length of the element 36 and the intended field of use.
• Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the invention.
• An element 37 has a plurality of sheets 38 which are made of flexible lead vinyl.
• the sheets 38 which form a screen 31' are so flexible that the operator 3, 4 can force his hand 7 between the sheets 38 and in this manner form an opening 8 between them.
• the flexible sheets 38 will shut relatively tightly round the operator's 3, 4 arms, which means that the leakage of radiation will be small. When the operator 3, 4 pulls out his hand 7, the sheets 38 will, by being flexible, once more close the opening 8.
• the opening 8 can be formed between two neighbouring sheets 13, 14, 15, 38.
• the opening 8 can also be formed between a sheet 13, 14, 15, 38 and an end section 30, 30'.
• An opening 8 can also be formed by the sheets 13, 14, 15, 38 being displaced from a previous, closed position, thereby forming an opening 8 in the position where the sheets 13, 14, 15, 38 were previously located.
• the sheets 13, 14, 15, 38 can be made of a number of different radiation-protective materials. It is possible to use both opaque materials, such as lead, lead vinyl and lead rubber, and transparent materials, such as lead glass and lead acrylic.
• the sheets 13, 14, 15, 38 can either slide in grooves 16, 17, 18 or be provided with roll means or be flexible themselves.
• the bars 11 can be fixedly or slidingly attached to the sides of the X-ray table 2. It is also possible to attach the shield 1 direct to the actual X-ray table 2. When the bars 11 are slidingly fixed to the X-ray table 2, the shield 1 can be moved along the X-ray table 2.
• the use of extruded aluminium sections results in a low weight.
• the grooves 16, 17, 18 will also have low friction, thereby making the sheets 13, 14, 15 slide easily. Of course, it is also possible to use sections of other materials.
• the radiation-protective top 29 can be made of a plurality of materials, both transparent, such as lead glass and lead acrylic, and opaque, such as lead and lead rubber.
• the thickness of the radiation-protective top 29 (and thus radiation resistance counted in lead equivalents) , length, width, attachment to the upper portion of the screen and angling possibilities can be selected for the current case to provide optimum accessability and protection against radiation.
• the shield 1 can also be provided with means for adjusting, either automatically or manually, the angle of the radiation-protective top 29, for instance in order to minimise irritating reflections .
• the radiation-protective curtains 9 can be made in many different ways and of many different materials, such as lead, lead acrylic, lead rubber and lead vinyl.
• the radiation-protective curtains 9 can also be combined with the element 36, 37, whereby they accompany the element 36, 37 as it is being moved along the bar 11.
• the sheets 13, 14, 15, 38 roll, with the aid of roll means, direct on a floor, or the sheets
• the sheets 13, 14, 15, 38 slide in grooves 16, 17, 18 formed at the floor.
• the sheets 38 can also be flexible, in which case no grooves are necessary. The height of the sheets 13,
• the shield can also be used for other wavelengths than X-ray radiation, such as radioactive radiation, laser radiation and microwaves.
• X-ray radiation such as radioactive radiation, laser radiation and microwaves.
• isotope treatment an operator 3 prepares radioactive preparations which are used in different medical treatments and examinations. The preparating requires that the operator 3 can handle the preparations in a radioactively radiant zone with his hands 7 while at the same time he is protected against the radioactive radiation.
• the material and thickness of the sheets 13, 14, 15 and, where appropriate, the radiation-protective top 29 are adjusted to give the desired protection against radiation.

Landscapes

• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
• Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
• Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
• Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
• Magnetic Heads (AREA)
• Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
• Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20279489

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (8)

Citations (5)

• 2000
  • 2000-05-02 SE SE0001583A patent/SE516433C2/sv unknown
• 2001
  • 2001-04-30 WO PCT/SE2001/000935 patent/WO2001084558A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2001-04-30 AT AT01926319T patent/ATE380383T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-04-30 AU AU2001252849A patent/AU2001252849A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-04-30 DE DE60131754T patent/DE60131754D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-04-30 EP EP01926319A patent/EP1307887B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (5)

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