WO2001063698A1 - Antenne directionnelle intelligente distribuee - Google Patents

Antenne directionnelle intelligente distribuee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001063698A1
WO2001063698A1 PCT/CN2001/000016 CN0100016W WO0163698A1 WO 2001063698 A1 WO2001063698 A1 WO 2001063698A1 CN 0100016 W CN0100016 W CN 0100016W WO 0163698 A1 WO0163698 A1 WO 0163698A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
group
same
radio frequency
distributed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2001/000016
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Shihe Li
Jun Li
Feng Li
Original Assignee
China Academy Of Telecommunications Technology,Mii
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Academy Of Telecommunications Technology,Mii filed Critical China Academy Of Telecommunications Technology,Mii
Priority to JP2001562781A priority Critical patent/JP2003524976A/ja
Priority to AU2500201A priority patent/AU2500201A/xx
Priority to MXPA02008317A priority patent/MXPA02008317A/es
Priority to AU2001225002A priority patent/AU2001225002B2/en
Priority to CA002399862A priority patent/CA2399862C/en
Priority to BR0108558-1A priority patent/BR0108558A/pt
Priority to EP01900376A priority patent/EP1267447B1/en
Priority to DE60122119T priority patent/DE60122119T2/de
Publication of WO2001063698A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001063698A1/zh
Priority to US10/226,584 priority patent/US7031755B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/22—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mobile communication technology, and more particularly, to a smart antenna system in a cellular mobile communication system. Background of the invention
  • Smart antenna technology is one of the most important technologies in the field of modern mobile communication technology, especially in cellular mobile communication systems.
  • its beneficial effects are: it can greatly increase system capacity, increase The coverage of wireless base stations, reducing system costs, improving system performance, etc. Therefore, smart antenna technology has become an important research topic in high-tech fields around the world.
  • the basic structure of a smart antenna is: an antenna array (column) composed of N antenna units, N radio frequency transceivers, and N feeder cables connecting the N antenna units and the N radio frequency transceivers, respectively, with N antennas
  • the unit and N feeder cables form an antenna feeder unit.
  • the antenna unit (column) and N radio frequency transceivers constitute a radio frequency unit.
  • DSP baseband digital signal processor
  • the baseband processor is connected to the data bus via a high-speed analog-to-digital conversion / digital-to-analog converter (ADC / DAC) device, and the smart antenna functions such as uplink and downlink beamforming are implemented in the baseband digital signal processor.
  • ADC / DAC analog-to-digital conversion / digital-to-analog converter
  • FIG. 1 shows a structure of a wireless base station with a smart antenna, which reflects the basic structure and working principle of a modern smart antenna.
  • the base station works in the code division multiple access time division multiplexing mode (CDMA TDD), and its antenna feeder unit is composed of N antenna units 11, 12, 1, 3 ... 1N and associated feeder cables that form an antenna array (column).
  • Each antenna feeder unit is connected with a radio frequency transceiver (TR X ) 21, 22, 23 ... 2N,
  • the N radio frequency transceivers share a frequency and timing unit 30 (local oscillator source), so these radio frequency transceivers 21, 22, 23 ... 2N work coherently.
  • the signal received by each radio frequency transceiver is converted into a digital sampling signal by an analog-to-digital converter inside the radio frequency transceiver, and then sent to the baseband processor 33 through the high-speed data bus 31; the numbers to be transmitted on the high-speed data bus 31
  • the signal is converted into an analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter inside the radio frequency transceiver, and finally, the antenna unit 11, 12, 13 ... 1N Launch out.
  • the signal can be modulated by using advanced digital signal processing technology (DSP).
  • DSP advanced digital signal processing technology
  • functions such as tuning, receiving and transmitting (up, down), beamforming, etc., to achieve the purpose of overcoming interference such as multiple access and multipath, improve the receive signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity, and increase the transmission equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP). purpose.
  • the antenna arrays (rows) in the smart antennas use loop or linear antenna arrays. (Column) and centrally installed in the same place, such as the technical solution disclosed in Chinese patent 97104039, to achieve coverage in one direction or one sector.
  • the mobile communication system in the building or the community due to the high working frequency (l-3GHz frequency band) will be affected by the shielding effect of the building and the floors and walls.
  • a large number of shadow areas appear due to the loss of mobile phones, making the coverage of the mobile communication system very poor. Therefore, in order to solve its coverage problem, when designing a high-density cellular mobile communication system such as a city center area, a large number of base stations have to be adopted, which will inevitably increase system investment and make maintenance difficult. .
  • the use of smart antennas in base stations can improve the coverage problem, it is impossible to completely solve the coverage problem if multiple antenna units forming the antenna array (column) are still installed centrally.
  • the present invention proposes a distributed smart antenna system.
  • the distributed concept is: the antenna feeder units and radio frequency transceivers forming the smart antenna system are first grouped according to the required cell coverage and the required service volume requirements; then each group of antenna feeders that are separated The unit and the RF transceiver are installed in different locations according to the coverage requirements, but share the same set of baseband digital signal processors. In this way, while taking full advantage of the smart antenna and improving the coverage of the cell, the mobile phone can be greatly increased. The capacity of mobile communication systems and reduce system costs.
  • a distributed smart antenna system includes
  • An antenna array composed of N antenna units, N radio frequency transceivers, and a feeder cable respectively connecting the N antenna units and the N radio frequency transceivers, the N radio frequency transceivers communicate with the wireless communication system based on the data bus
  • the baseband digital signal processor connection in the station is characterized in that: the N antenna units and N radio frequency transceivers are arranged corresponding to groups, and each antenna unit is grouped and distributed in an area covered by the same wireless communication system base station At different locations, each antenna unit group and each radio frequency transceiver group are connected to the same baseband digital signal processor.
  • the grouping is performed according to the number of cell ranges or floors that a wireless communication base station needs to cover and its traffic.
  • Each antenna unit group is provided with 1 to M antenna units, which are correspondingly connected to 1 to M radio frequency transceivers in each radio frequency transceiver group.
  • the M is based on the number of mobile users and the propagation environment. select.
  • the 1 to M antenna units and 1 to M radio frequency transceivers in the same group are distributed at the same location.
  • the 1 to M antenna elements in the same group are distributed in the same place, and the radio frequency transceivers in the same group and in different groups are concentratedly distributed.
  • the different locations include different buildings in a cell served by a radio communication system base station or different floors in a building served by a radio communication system base station.
  • the different floors in a building are grouped by one antenna unit distributed on each floor, or one antenna unit distributed on every other floor, and the antenna unit groups on each floor are spaced at the same frequency and time. Gaps and code channels.
  • the antenna unit grouping is distributed on each floor, and the antenna unit grouping on each floor uses the same frequency, time slot and code channel, and uses different scrambling codes and training sequences.
  • each antenna unit group includes 1 to m antenna units
  • each radio frequency transceiver unit includes 1 to m radio frequency transceivers
  • each antenna unit group 1 to m antenna units in the radio are correspondingly connected to 1 to m radio frequency transceivers in each radio frequency transceiver unit to form N groups
  • the antenna units of the N group are distributed in groups covered by the base station of the same wireless communication system
  • the N group antenna units use the same frequency, time slot and code channel
  • the N group radio frequency transceivers are connected to the same baseband digital signal processor through a data bus.
  • 1 to m radio frequency transceivers and 1 to m antenna units in a corresponding antenna unit group may be disposed on the same building or on different buildings.
  • each antenna unit group includes 1 to m antenna units
  • each The RF transceiver unit includes 1 to m RF transceivers
  • 1 to m antenna units in each antenna unit group are correspondingly connected to 1 to m RF transceivers in each RF transceiver unit to form N
  • N group antenna units are distributed in groups on different floors of the same building within the area covered by the same wireless communication system base station, and N group antenna units are spaced at the same frequency, time slot and Code channels, or N group antenna units use the same frequency, time slot and code channel, and different scrambling codes and training sequences according to the distribution floor.
  • the N group radio frequency transceivers are connected to the same baseband digital signal processor through the data bus. connection.
  • 1 to m radio frequency transceivers and 1 to m antenna units in the corresponding antenna unit group may be disposed on the same floor or on different floors of the same building.
  • the distributed smart antenna system of the present invention groups the antenna units, related feeder cables, and radio frequency transceivers that make up the smart antenna array (column) according to the coverage area and service volume requirements of the community; and then according to the coverage It is required that each smart antenna unit be installed in groups on different buildings (locations) in the same district or on different floors (places) in the same building in a distributed manner. Location, but each smart antenna unit group and RF transceiver group share the same set of baseband digital signal processors.
  • a wireless base station using a distributed smart antenna system will process multiple sets of antenna units, and the multiple sets of antenna units are installed in multiple locations as needed, thereby achieving good coverage.
  • wireless communication resources such as the same (or different) time slot and the same (or different) code channel can also be used. That is, resources such as frequency, time slot, and code channel can be reused more efficiently in the distributed smart antenna system, and the purpose of increasing the capacity of the communication system and reducing the cost of the communication system while improving cell coverage.
  • antenna calibration technology must also be used. For specific calibration methods, refer to the applicant's previous patent application, and the patent application number is 99111350. 0, entitled "A method and device for calibrating a smart antenna array".
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a base station structure of a wireless communication system having a smart antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station of a wireless communication system having a distributed smart antenna.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distribution structure when a base station of a wireless communication system using a distributed smart antenna is used in a city center area.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a distribution structure when a base station of a wireless communication system using a distributed smart antenna is used in a high-rise building.
  • FIG. 1 The description of FIG. 1 has been mentioned before and will not be repeated here.
  • the base station of the wireless communication system with a smart antenna in FIG. 1 comprises 11 to 1N of the antenna array (column).
  • Each antenna unit is a circular or linear array centrally installed at the same location, and the wireless communication system base station with distributed smart antennas in FIG. 2 has an antenna feeder unit and related radio frequency transceivers.
  • the receivers are arranged in groups, as shown in the figure, each antenna feeder unit group 41, 42 ... 4N and the corresponding RF transceiver units 51, 52 ... 5N corresponding to it.
  • the number of antenna units in each antenna feeder unit group and the number of radio frequency transceivers in each radio frequency transceiver unit connected to it can be set according to actual needs. At least one antenna unit and one radio frequency transceiver can be included. As shown by 4N and 5N in FIG. 2, the antenna feeder unit group 42 and the RF transceiver unit 52 respectively include 4 antenna units and 4 RF transceivers. Each group of antenna feeder unit and each group of radio frequency transceivers cover an area to be covered but share a wireless communication system base station. Obviously, the length of the feeder cable used for connection between each antenna unit group and the corresponding radio frequency transceiver unit in the base station of the wireless communication system is different.
  • each antenna feeder unit group and its radio frequency transceiver unit can work on different or the same carrier frequency, different or the same time slot, and different or the same code channel. With the same carrier frequency, the same time slot, and the same code channel, the capacity of the wireless communication system can be greatly increased.
  • the above-mentioned wireless communication system base station with distributed smart antennas can be practically used in pico-cellular and pico-cellular mobile communication systems, and pico-cellular and pico-cellular mobile communication systems will also be mobile communications that will be used in concentrated urban populations and densely populated areas The environment of the system.
  • a distribution example of a base station of a wireless communication system using a distributed smart antenna in a city center area is shown. Due to the high working frequency of the mobile communication system, such as the 2GHz band, densely arranged buildings shown by 12 rectangular boxes 101 in the figure will seriously block the transmission signal, and the communication system generally provides sufficient capacity to provide sufficient capacity. According to the micro-cell design, the antenna height generally does not exceed the average height of the roof in the micro-cell. If the wireless communication system base station uses a centralized smart antenna structure as shown in Figure 1, the coverage of the antenna system will be very limited. (Recommendation ITU-R M. 1225).
  • three antenna feeder unit groups 103, 105, 107 are shared by one wireless communication base station 102, and the three antenna feeder unit groups 103, 105, 107 are distributed in three locations.
  • the final effect is to use one wireless communication base station.
  • Achieved coverage areas 104, 106 equivalent to three base stations of a wireless communication system 108.
  • the same carrier frequency, the same time slot, and the same code channel can be used to work, so that the capacity of the mobile communication system is doubled. Because the baseband digital signal processor of a wireless communication system base station is used, the average cost of the user is greatly reduced while improving the coverage area.
  • a distribution example of a base station of a wireless communication system using distributed smart antennas in a high-rise building is shown.
  • relatively high carrier frequencies such as the 2GHz band
  • the loss of radio waves on the floors and walls of buildings is very serious.
  • radio waves can only penetrate 3 to 4 floors or walls.
  • the centrally installed smart antenna structure shown in 1 will not be able to achieve good coverage of the entire high-rise building 110.
  • one wireless communication base station 112 shares four antenna feeder unit groups 115, 117, 113, and 119, and the four antenna feeder unit groups 115, 117, 113, and 119 are distributed on four floors (11, 8, 5 , 2)), the final effect is to use one wireless communication base station to achieve the coverage area 116, 118, 114, 120 equivalent to four wireless communication base stations, in which four groups of antenna feeder units 115, 117, Within the areas covered by 113, 119, 116, 118, 114, 120, every interval of a group of antenna feeder units (interval of a coverage area) can use the same carrier frequency, the same time slot and the same code channel to work, such as antenna feeder Unit groups 115, 11 3 can work with one carrier frequency, time slot, and code channel, and antenna feeder unit groups 11 7, 11 9 can work with another carrier frequency, time slot, and code channel, so that the mobile communication system's The capacity is greatly increased. Since the baseband digital signal processor of a base station of a wireless communication system is used, the
  • the base station of a wireless communication system using distributed smart antennas should select the number of antenna feeder units according to the geographical area of the covered area or the height (or number of floors) of the building, and move wirelessly according to the coverage area of each antenna feeder unit.
  • the number of users selects the number of antenna units in each group and the required capacity.
  • a set of antenna feeder units are installed every two floors, and then every time a group of antenna feeder units are spaced, the same carrier frequency, the same time slot, and the same code channel can be used.
  • users can flexibly configure the group of smart antennas according to actual needs.
  • the first possible situation is that the total number of mobile users in the building is not large, and the wireless code channel provided by a common wireless communication base station is sufficient, but these few users are distributed in various floors of the building. If the centralized smart antenna shown in Figure 1 is used, a base station can only cover a maximum of 3 to 4 floors, which obviously cannot meet the needs. If the distributed smart antenna system of the present invention is adopted, users can put one group of antenna feeder units on every 1st to 1st floors. Each group of antenna feeder units contains 1 to M antenna units, and the number of M and The number of users is related to the signal propagation environment.
  • the second possible situation is: There are a large number of mobile users in the building, and the wireless code channel provided by a common wireless communication system base station is no longer sufficient. Compared with the installation of antenna feeder units, these users are located in various parts of the building. The distribution across the floors is uneven. If the centralized smart antenna shown in Figure 1 is used, the advantages of spatial diversity brought by the smart antenna will be affected.
  • all antenna units can be divided into several groups, and each group of antenna feeder units is installed on one floor. Each group of antenna feeder units uses the same frequency, time slot and code channel, but it is not used. Different scrambling codes and training sequences are like setting up base stations with independent picocells. In this way, the processing capabilities of existing RF transceivers and baseband digital signal processors can be used to the maximum, and the entire communication system is optimized.
  • the distributed intelligent antenna system and the baseband digital signal processor of the base station of the wireless communication system when processing the baseband, the information of each group of antenna feeder units is processed separately, and then the information of each group of antenna feeder units is processed in diversity to obtain an uplink signal.
  • Data for uplink beamforming then select a group of antenna feeder units with the highest received power, extract the destination arrival information (D0A) of its users, obtain downlink signal data, and use it for downlink beamforming
  • D0A destination arrival information
  • the patent number is 97104039. 7, and the name is "Time Division Dual with Smart Antenna" Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Communication System ").
  • the use of distributed smart antenna systems can overcome the effects caused by radio wave losses, enabling a base station to cover 7 to 8 floors It even has 10 floors.
  • the distributed smart antenna system of the present invention is to group the antenna units and related cable feeders and radio frequency transceivers that make up the smart antenna system according to the coverage area required by the community (or building), and Select the number of antenna units included in each group according to the traffic volume, and install each group of antenna feeder units in different locations (or different floors) of the cell according to the coverage requirements, but share the baseband numbers of the same wireless communication base station Signal processor. It can make full use of the advantages of smart antennas and improve cell coverage while greatly increasing system capacity and reducing system costs.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
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Description

分布式智能天线系统
技术领域 本发明涉及一种移动通信技术， 更确切地说是涉及一种蜂窝移动通信系统 中的智能天线系统。 发明背景
智能天线技术是现代移动通信技术领域中的一项最重要的技术， 特别是在 蜂窝移动通信系统中， 当使用了智能天线技术后， 其带来的有益效果是： 可大 大增加系统容量、增加无线基站的覆盖范围、 降低系统成本、提高系统性能等， 因此智能天线技术已经成为全世界高新技术领域中的重要研究课题。
智能天线的基本结构是： 由 N只天线单元构成的天线阵（列）、 N个射频收 发信机和 N条分别连接 N只天线单元与 N个射频收发信机的馈线电缆， 由 N只 天线单元及 N条馈线电缆构成天馈线单元， 由天线阵（列）与 N个射频收发信机 组成射频单元， 该射频单元所收发的模拟信号与无线基站中的基带数字信号处 理器（D S P， 简称基带处理器）间经高速模数转换 /数模转换 (ADC/DAC)器与数 据总线连接，在基带数字信号处理器中实现上、下行波束赋形等智能天线功能。
附图 1 中示出一种具有智能天线的无线基站结构， 体现出现代智能天线的 基本结构及工作原理。 该基站工作于码分多址时分复用方式（CDMA TDD)下， 其 天馈线单元由组成天线阵（列）的 N只天线单元 11、 12、 1 3…… 1N及相关联的 馈线电缆组成，每个天馈线单元连接一个射频收发信机（TRX) 21、 22、 23... ... 2N,
N个射频收发信机共用一个频率和定时单元 30 (本振源）， 因而这些射频收发信 机 21、 22、 23…… 2N是相干工作的。 每个射频收发信机所接收的信号通过射 频收发信机内部的模数转换器转换成数字取样信号， 然后通过高速数据总线 31 送基带处理器 33; 在高速数据总线 31上的待发射的数字信号则通过射频收发 信机内部的数模转换器转换成模拟信号， 最后由天线单元 11、 12、 13 ... ... 1N 发射出去。
所有基带数字信号的处理均在基带处理器 33 中完成， 其处理方法可参考 中国专利 97104039， 在基带处理器硬件平台上， 通过使用先进的数字信号处 理技术 (DSP) , 可实现信号的调制解调、 接收与发射（上、 下行）、 波束赋形等 功能， 达到克服多址、 多径等干扰的目的， 提高接收信噪比和灵敏度， 增加发 射等效全向辐射功率（EIRP)等的目的。
申请人注意到： 在目前所能见到的实用智能天线产品中及所公开的与智能 天线相关的专利技术、 论文文献中， 智能天线中的天线阵（列）都是使用环形或 线形天线阵（列）， 并集中安装在同一地点， 如中国专利 97104039 中所公开的 技术方案， 达到对一个全方向或一个扇区的覆盖。
但是随着城市高大建筑物密集化程度的提高及大楼楼层的增高， 大楼内或 小区内的移动通信系统由于工作频率较高（l-3GHz 频段）， 会因建筑物的屏蔽 作用及楼层、 墙壁的损耗而出现大量的阴影区， 使移动通信系统的覆盖变得很 差。 因此， 为解决其覆盖问题， 在设计城市中心区域等用户密度高、 楼房密集 的蜂窝移动通信系统时， 都不得不采用大量增加基站数量的方案， 势必增加了 系统投资和使维护工作变得困难。 虽然从理论上说， 基站使用智能天线可改善 覆盖问题， 但如果仍将组成天线阵（列）的多只天线单元集中安装， 是不可能完 全解决覆盖问题的。
发明内容
为了能在充分发挥智能天线优势、 改善小区覆盖范围的同时大大增加系统 容量并降低系统成本， 本发明提出一种分布式智能天线系统。 该分布式的概念 是： 将组成智能天线系统的天馈线单元及射频收发信机， 先根据所需的小区覆 盖范围及所需的业务量要求进行分组； 再将分出的每一组天馈线单元及射频收 发信机根据覆盖要求安装在不同的地点， 但共用同一套基带数字信号处理器。 如此， 就可以在充分发挥智能天线优势、 改善小区覆盖范围的同时大大增加移 动通信系统的容量并降低系统成本。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是这样的： 一种分布式智能天线系统， 包括由
N只天线单元组成的天线阵列、 N个射频收发信机和分别连接 N只天线单元与 N个射频收发信机的馈线电缆， 所述的 N个射频收发信机通过数据总线与无线 通信系统基站内的基带数字信号处理器连接， 其特征在于： 所述的 N只天线单 元及 N个射频收发信机是对应着分组设置的， 各天线单元分组分布在由同一无 线通信系统基站所覆盖区域内的不同地点处， 各天线单元分组及各射频收发信 机分组与同一个基带数字信号处理器连接。
所述的分组是按一个无线通信基站所需覆盖的小区范围或楼层的数量及其 业务量进行的。
所述的每一天线单元分组内设有 1至 M只天线单元， 与每一射频收发信机 分组内的 1至 M个射频收发信机对应连接， 所述的 M按移动用户数量及传播环 境选择。
所述的同一分组内的 1至 M只天线单元及其 1至 M个射频收发信机， 分布 在同一地点。
所述的同一分组内的 1至 M只天线单元分布在同一地点， 所述的同一分组 内及不同分组内的射频收发信机集中分布。
所述的不同地点包括由一个无线通信系统基站所服务小区内的不同建筑物 或由一个无线通信系统基站所服务的一幢大楼内的不同楼层。
所述的一幢大楼内的不同楼层， 是按每一楼层分布一天线单元分组， 或按 每隔一至两楼层分布一天线单元分组， 各楼层上的天线单元分组间隔着采用相 同的频率、 时隙及码道。
所述的按每一楼层分布一天线单元分组， 各楼层上的天线单元分组采用相 同的频率、 时隙及码道， 采用不同的扰码与训练序列。
实现本发明目的的技术方案还可以是这样的： 包括 N组天线单元、 N组射 频收发信机和一个基带数字信号处理器， 每一天线单元组中包括有 1至 m只天 线单元， 每一射频收发信机组中包括有 1至 m个射频收发信机， 每一天线单元 组中的 1至 m只天线单元与每一射频收发信机组中的 1至 m个射频收发信机对 应连接形成 N个分组， N分组的天线单元按分组分布在由同一无线通信系统基 站所覆盖区域内的不同建筑物上， N分组天线单元采用相同的频率、 时隙及码 道， N分组的射频收发信机通过数据总线与同一个基带数字信号处理器连接。
所述 N个分组中的每一分组， 其 1至 m个射频收发信机与对应天线单元组 中的 1至 m只天线单元可设置在同一建筑物上或不同建筑物上。
实现本发明目的的技术方案还可以是这样的： 包括 N组天线单元、 N组射 频收发信机和一个基带数字信号处理器， 每一天线单元组中包括有 1至 m只天 线单元， 每一射频收发信机组中包括有 1至 m个射频收发信机， 每一天线单元 组中的 1至 m只天线单元与每一射频收发信机组中的 1至 m个射频收发信机对 应连接形成 N个分组， N个分组的天线单元按分组分布在由同一无线通信系统 基站所覆盖区域内的同一建筑物的不同楼层处， N个分组天线单元按分布楼层 间隔着采用相同的频率、 时隙及码道， 或 N个分组天线单元按分布楼层采用相 同的频率、 时隙及码道和不同的扰码与训练序列， N个分组的射频收发信机通 过数据总线与同一个基带数字信号处理器连接。
所述 N个分组中的每一分组， 其 1至 m个射频收发信机与对应天线单元组 中的 1至 m只天线单元可设置在同一建筑物的同一楼层上或不同楼层上。
本发明的分布式智能天线系统， 将组成智能天线阵（列）的天线单元及相关 的馈线电缆和射频收发信机， 根据小区所需覆盖的范围及业务量的要求进行对 应分组； 再根据覆盖要求将各智能天线单元分组分布式地安装在同一小区的不 同建筑物上（地点）或同一建筑物的不同楼层（地点）上， 每一智能天线单元 分组中的各天线单元则集中安装在一个地点， 但各智能天线单元分组、 射频收 发信机分组公用同一套基带数字信号处理器。 采用分布式智能天线系统的无线基站将处理多组天线单元， 且多组天线单 元是根据需要安装在多个地点的， 从而达到良好的覆盖效果。 此外， 根据每组 天线单元的安装位置及其相互间的隔离情况， 可在同一个无线基站的服务范围 内实现频率复用， 就可进一步提高频谱的利用率， 特别是在码分多址移动通信 系统中， 除了可使用相同 （或不同） 的载波频率外， 还可使用相同 （或不同） 时隙、 相同 （或不同）码道等无线通信资源。 即， 频率、 时隙及码道等资源在 分布式智能天线系统中可被更有效地复用， 在改善小区覆盖的同时达到增加通 信系统容量和降低通信系统成本的目的。 当然， 由于各分组天线单元被安装在 不同的地点， 导致各自的馈线电缆长度不一致， 还必须采用天线校准技术， 具 体的校准方法可参考本申请人的在先专利申请， 专利申请号为 99111350. 0 , 名称为 "一种校准智能天线阵的方法和装置"。
附图简要说明
图 1是具有智能天线的无线通信系统的基站结构示意图。
图 2是具有分布式智能天线的无线通信系统的基站结构示意图。
图 3是将使用分布式智能天线的无线通信系统的基站用于城市中心区域时 的分布结构示意图。
图 4是将使用分布式智能天线的无线通信系统的基站用于高层建筑时的分 布结构示意图。
实施本发明的方式
下面通过实施例及附图对本发明的技术方案进行详细阐述。
图 1说明前已述及， 不再赘述。
参见图 2， 与图 1所示具有智能天线的无线通信系统的基站结构比较， 其 不同之处是： 图 1中具有智能天线的无线通信系统的基站， 组成天线阵（列）的 11至 1N个天线单元是集中安装在同一地点的环形或线形阵列， 而图 2中的具 有分布式智能天线的无线通信系统基站， 其天馈线单元及其相关的射频收发信 机是按分组分布设置的， 如图中所示的各天馈线单元组 41、 42…… 4N及与之 对应的各射频收发信机组 51、 52…… 5N。 每个天馈线单元组内的天线单元数 量及与之对应连接的每个射频收发信机组内的射频收发信机数量可根据实际需 要设定， 最少可只含一个天线单元和一个射频收发信机， 如图 2 中的 4N、 5N 所示， 而天馈线单元组 42及射频收发信机组 52内则分别含 4个天线单元及 4 个射频收发信机。 每一组天馈线单元及每一组射频收发信机覆盖一个所需覆盖 的区域但公用一个无线通信系统基站。 显然， 各天线单元组与无线通信系统基 站内的相应射频收发信机组间用于连接的馈线电缆的长度是不同的。 在具有分 布式智能天线的无线通信系统基站中， 各天馈线单元组及其射频收发信机组可 工作于不同或相同的载波频率、 不同或相同的时隙及不同或相同的码道， 当工 作于相同的载波频率、 相同的时隙及相同的码道时， 就可大大增加无线通信系 统的容量。
上述具有分布式智能天线的无线通信系统基站可实用于微蜂窝及微微蜂窝 移动通信系统中， 而微蜂窝及微微蜂窝移动通信系统也正是今后城市人口集 中、 建筑物密集地区所使用的移动通信系统的环境。
参见图 3 , 图中示出在城市中心区域使用具有分布式智能天线的无线通信 系统基站的分布实例。 由于移动通信系统的工作频率较高， 如 2GHz 频段， 由 图中 12个矩形框 101所示的密集排列的建筑物将对传输信号产生严重的遮挡， 而通信系统为了能提供足够的容量一般均按微小区设计， 天线高度一般不超过 微小区内屋顶的平均高度， 若无线通信系统基站釆用如图 1所示的集中安装的 智能天线结构， 其结果会造成天线系统的覆盖非常有限（可参考 ITU-R M. 1225 建议）。
本实施例中， 由一个无线通信基站 102公用三个天馈线单元组 103、 105、 107 , 三个天馈线单元组 103、 105 , 107 分布在三个地点， 其最终效果是用一 个无线通信基站实现了相当于三个无线通信系统基站的覆盖区域 104、 106、 108 , 在这三个分别由三组天馈线单元覆盖的区域 104、 106、 108 内， 可使用 相同的载波频率、 相同的时隙和相同的码道工作， 使移动通信系统的容量成倍 增加， 由于共用一个无线通信系统基站的基带数字信号处理器， 还在改善覆盖 区域的同时大大降低了用户的平均成本。
参见图 4， 图中示出在一高层建筑物中使用具有分布式智能天线的无线通 信系统基站的分布实例。 众所周知， 在比较高的载波频率下， 如 2GHz 频段， 楼房楼层及墙壁对无线电波的损耗非常严重， 无线电波一般只能穿透 3至 4个 楼层或墙壁， 若无线通信系统的基站采用如图 1所示的集中安装的智能天线结 构， 将不可能对整个高层建筑 110实现良好的覆盖。
本实施例中， 由一个无线通信基站 112公用四个天馈线单元组 115、 117、 113、 119 , 四个天馈线单元组 115、 117、 113、 119分布在四个楼层（11、 8、 5、 2 层） 上， 其最终效果是用一个无线通信基站实现了相当于四个无线通信基站 的覆盖区域 116、 118、 114、 120 , 在这四个分别由四组天馈线单元 115、 117、 113、 119覆盖的区域 116、 118、 114、 120 内， 每间隔一组天馈线单元（间隔 一个覆盖区域） 即可使用相同的载波频率、 相同的时隙和相同的码道工作， 如 天馈线单元组 115、 11 3可使用一种载波频率、 时隙和码道工作， 天馈线单元 组 11 7、 11 9可使用另一种载波频率、 时隙和码道工作， 从而使移动通信系 统的容量大大增加， 由于共用一个无线通信系统基站的基带数字信号处理器， 还在改善覆盖的同时大大降低了用户的平均成本。
使用分布式智能天线的无线通信系统基站， 应根据所覆盖小区的地理面积 或楼房的高度 (或楼层数量）来选择天馈线单元的组数， 并根据每组天馈线单元 所覆盖范围内无线移动用户的多少来选择各组内天线单元的数量和所需的容 量。 如图 4实施例所示， 是每隔两层楼安装一组天馈线单元， 那未每间隔一组 天馈线单元， 就可使用一个相同的载波频率、 相同的时隙和相同的码道。
在分布式智能天线系统中， 使用者可根据实际需求灵活配置智能天线的组 数， 选择每组智能天线安装的位置， 和选择每组内所含智能天线单元的只数， 再通过调节基带数字信号处理器中的软件， 最终使整个通信系统处于最优状 太 以一个大楼的无线通信系统为例， 就可能存在多种实际需求情况。
第一种可能的情况是： 大楼中的移动用户总数并不多， 由一个普通无线通 信基站所提供的无线码道已经够用， 但这些不多的用户却分布在大楼的各个楼 层中。 如果采用图 1所示的集中式智能天线， 一个基站最多只能覆盖 3至 4层 楼， 显然不能满足需要。 若采用本发明的分布式智能天线系统， 使用者可以在 每隔 1至 1层楼上放 1组天馈线单元， 每一组天馈线单元内含 1至 M只天线单 元， M的个数与用户的数量及信号传播环境有关。
第二种可能的情况是： 大楼中的移动用户总数很多， 由一个普通无线通信 系统基站所提供的无线码道已经不够用， 且相对于天馈线单元的安装来说， 这 些用户在大楼的各个楼层中的分布又是不均匀的。 如果采用图 1所示的集中式 智能天线， 则由智能天线所带来的空间分集的长处将受到影响。 采用本发明的 分布式智能天线系统， 可将全部天线单元分成若干组， 每一组天馈线单元安装 在一个楼层上， 各组天馈线单元采用相同的频率、 时隙和码道， 但釆用不同的 扰码和训练序列， 此时就好比是建立起一个个独立的微微小区的基站。 采用这 种方式， 可最大限度地利用已有的射频收发信机及基带数字信号处理器的处理 能力， 使整个通信系统最优。
本发明的分布式智能天线系统， 无线通信系统基站的基带数字信号处理器 在作基带处理时， 先分别处理每组天馈线单元的信息， 再分集处理各组天馈线 单元的信息， 获得上行信号数据， 用于上行波束赋形； 再选择接收功率最大的 一组天馈线单元， 提取其用户的目的地到达信息（D0A)， 获得下行信号数据， 用于下行波束赋形（其中， 获取用户目的地到达信息（D0A)的方法可参考本申请 人的在先专利技术， 专利号为 97104039. 7 , 名称为 "具有智能天线的时分双 工同步码分多址无线通信系统" ）。 如在上述第二种情况下， 由于采用了分布 式智能天线系统就可以克服因电波损耗所造成的影响， 使一个基站可覆盖 7至 8层楼乃至 1 0 多层楼。
综上所述， 本发明的分布式智能天线系统， 是将组成智能天线系统的天线 单元及相关的电缆馈线和射频收发信机， 根据小区 （或建筑物）所需覆盖的范 围进行分组， 及根据业务量选择每组内所含天线单元的数量， 并将每一组天馈 线单元才艮据覆盖要求安装在该小区的不同地点 （或不同楼层）， 但共用同一个 无线通信基站的基带数字信号处理器。 可在充分发挥智能天线优势、 改善小区 覆盖的同时， 大大增加系统容量并降低系统成本。

Claims

权利要求
1.一种分布式智能天线系统， 包括由 N只天线单元组成的天线阵列、 N个 射频收发信机和分别连接 N只天线单元与 N个射频收发信机的馈线电缆， 所述 的 N个射频收发信机通过数据总线与无线通信系统基站内的基带数字信号处理 器连接， 其特征在于： 所述的 N只天线单元及 N个射频收发信机是对应着分组 设置的， 各天线单元分组分布在由同一无线通信系统基站所覆盖区域内的不同 地点处， 各天线单元分组及各射频收发信机分组与同一个基带数字信号处理器 连接。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 所述的 分组是按一个无线通信基站所需覆盖的小区范围或楼层的数量及其业务量进行 的。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 所述的 每一天线单元分组内设有 1至 M只天线单元， 与每一射频收发信机分组内的 1 至 M个射频收发信机对应连接， 所述的 M按移动用户数量及传播环境选择。
4.根据权利要求 3所述的一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 所述的 同一分组内的 1至 M只天线单元及其 1至 M个射频收发信机，分布在同一地点。
5 .根据权利要求 3所述的一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 所述 的同一分组内的 1至 M只天线单元分布在同一地点， 所述的同一分组内及不同 分组内的射频收发信机集中分布。
6 .根据权利要求 1 所述的一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 所述 的不同地点包括由一个无线通信系统基站所服务小区内的不同建筑物或由一个 无线通信系统基站所服务的一幢大楼内的不同楼层。
7 .根据权利要求 6所述的一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 所述 的一幢大楼内的不同楼层， 是按每一楼层分布一天线单元分组， 或按每隔一至 两楼层分布一天线单元分组， 各楼层上的天线单元分组间隔着采用相同的频 率、 时隙及码道。
8 .根据权利要求 7所述的一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 所述 的按每一楼层分布一天线单元分组， 各楼层上的天线单元分组采用相同的频 率、 时隙及码道， 釆用不同的扰码与训练序列。
9 .一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 包括 N组天线单元、 N组射 频收发信机和一个基带数字信号处理器， 每一天线单元组中包括有 1至 m只天 线单元， 每一射频收发信机组中包括有 1至 m个射频收发信机， 每一天线单元 组中的 1至 m只天线单元与每一射频收发信机组中的 1至 m个射频收发信机对 应连接形成 N个分组， N分组的天线单元按分组分布在由同一无线通信系统基 站所覆盖区域内的不同建筑物上， N分组天线单元采用相同的频率、 时隙及码 道， N分组的射频收发信机通过数据总线与同一个基带数字信号处理器连接。
1 0 .根据权利要求 9所述的一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 所 述 N个分组中的每一分组， 其 1至 m个射频收发信机与对应天线单元组中的 1 至 m只天线单元可设置在同一建筑物上或不同建筑物上。
1 1 .一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 包括 N组天线单元、 N组 射频收发信机和一个基带数字信号处理器， 每一天线单元组中包括有 1至 m只 天线单元， 每一射频收发信机组中包括有 1至 m个射频收发信机， 每一天线单 元组中的 1至 m只天线单元与每一射频收发信机组中的 1至 m个射频收发信机 对应连接形成 N个分组， N个分组的天线单元按分组分布在由同一无线通信系 统基站所覆盖区域内的同一建筑物的不同楼层处， N个分组天线单元按分布楼 层间隔着采用相同的频率、 时隙及码道， 或 N个分组天线单元按分布楼层采用 相同的频率、 时隙及码道和不同的扰码与训练序列， N个分组的射频收发信机 通过数据总线与同一个基带数字信号处理器连接。
1 2 .根据权利要求 1 1所述的一种分布式智能天线系统， 其特征在于： 所述 N个分组中的每一分组， 其 1至 m个射频收发信机与对应天线单元组中的 1至 m只天线单元可设置在同一建筑物的同一楼层上或不同楼层上。
PCT/CN2001/000016 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Antenne directionnelle intelligente distribuee WO2001063698A1 (fr)

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AU2001225002A AU2001225002B2 (en) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 Distributive intelligent antenna system
CA002399862A CA2399862C (en) 2000-02-24 2001-01-12 A distributed smart antenna system
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US7031755B2 (en) 2006-04-18
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US20020193147A1 (en) 2002-12-19
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KR100602056B1 (ko) 2006-07-14
CA2399862A1 (en) 2001-08-30
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CN1107358C (zh) 2003-04-30
EP1267447A4 (en) 2003-09-10
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